August 1903 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence
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G.R. No. 1307 August 21, 1903 - UNITED STATES v. JOSE RAMOS, ET AL.
002 Phil 434:
002 Phil 434:
EN BANC
[G.R. No. 1307. August 21, 1903. ]
THE UNITED STATES, Complainant-Appellee, v. JOSE RAMOS, ET AL., Defendants-Appellants.
Rafael Palma for Appellant.
Solicitor-General Araneta for Appellee.
SYLLABUS
1. CRIMINAL LAW; SERIOUS INJURIES; JOINT PARTICIPANTS. — In a crime committed by the joint act of two or more persons as principals, each is responsible for the result irrespective of the character of his individual participation.
2. ID.; AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES; NOCTURNITY. — It is error to apply the circumstance of nocturnity in aggravation of the penalty unless it appears that the criminals intentionally sought the cover of darkness for the commission of the crime.
2. ID.; AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES; NOCTURNITY. — It is error to apply the circumstance of nocturnity in aggravation of the penalty unless it appears that the criminals intentionally sought the cover of darkness for the commission of the crime.
D E C I S I O N
WILLARD, J. :
Anacleta, the daughter of Jose Ramos, having defied Pascual Rodriguez to come out of his house, the latter left it and upon the stairway met Jose and his three sons. Mariano and Rufino were in front and Jose and Andres behind them. Pascual was attacked by Mariano with a bolo and by Rufino with a club. He lost his left hand by a blow from the bolo, and was knocked senseless to the ground by a blow from the club given by Rufino. The court below acquitted Jose and Andres, and the case is not before us as to them. Mariano was sentenced to four years nine months and eleven days’ imprisonment because his blow deprived the complaining witness of his hand; and Rufino was sentenced to four months’ imprisonment because his blow only caused a contusion on the head. In thus discriminating between the two we think that the court erred. The two defendants attacked Pascual at the same time; they were joint participants in the aggression and each is responsible for the result. (Art. 13, Penal Code.)
The aggravating circumstance of nocturnity should not be taken into consideration, for it is evident from the case that the defendants did not select the hour of 8 p. m. for the commission of the offense because it was then dark.
There being neither aggravating nor extenuating circumstances, the penalty should be inflicted in the medium grade.
The judgment is reversed and each of the defendants is convicted of lesiones graves, defined and punished in article 416, 2, of the Penal Code, and sentenced to the penalty of four years nine months and ten days of prision correccional, to pay Pascual Rodriguez an indemnity of 500 Philippine pesos, and to half of the costs of the first instance and the costs of this instance.
Arellano, C.J., Torres, Cooper, Mapa and McDonough, JJ., concur.
The aggravating circumstance of nocturnity should not be taken into consideration, for it is evident from the case that the defendants did not select the hour of 8 p. m. for the commission of the offense because it was then dark.
There being neither aggravating nor extenuating circumstances, the penalty should be inflicted in the medium grade.
The judgment is reversed and each of the defendants is convicted of lesiones graves, defined and punished in article 416, 2, of the Penal Code, and sentenced to the penalty of four years nine months and ten days of prision correccional, to pay Pascual Rodriguez an indemnity of 500 Philippine pesos, and to half of the costs of the first instance and the costs of this instance.
Arellano, C.J., Torres, Cooper, Mapa and McDonough, JJ., concur.
