August 1934 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
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G.R. No. 40581 August 25, 1934 - ALEJANDRO SAMIA v. IRENE MEDINA, ET AL.
060 Phil 391:
060 Phil 391:
EN BANC
[G.R. No. 40581. August 25, 1934.]
In re Will of the deceased Gabina Medina. ALEJANDRO SAMIA, Petitioner-Appellee, v. IRENE MEDINA, ET AL., Oppositors-Appellants.
Laurel, Del Rosario & Lualhati and Jose Gutierrez David for Appellants.
Camus & Delgado for Appellee.
SYLLABUS
1. WILLS; CAPACITY TO MAKE A WILL; PRESUMPTION THAT EVERY ADULT IS SANE. — Physical ailments and debility due to old age do not preclude the possession of mental capacity to make a will. To have testamentary capacity does not necessarily mean that the testator should be in full possession of all his reasoning faculties. The presumption is that every adult is sane.
D E C I S I O N
GODDARD, J.:
This is an appeal from a decision of the Court of First Instance of Pampanga admitting to probate a will purporting to be that of the deceased Gabina Medina, who died in the month of September, 1930. The will in question was originally admitted to probate by the trial court without any period of six months provided in section 113 of the Code of civil Procedure, the oppositor-appellants filed a motion with the lower court to have the case reopened, which was granted over the objection of the original petitioner, Alejandro Samia, who died before the rehearing of this case and was substituted by the present Petitioner-Appellee.
The will in question purports to have been executed on September 22, 1928, in Arayat, Pampanga, and bears the thumb mark of Gabina Medina, with her name written by Jose Berenguer who also signed the document. The attesting witnesses were Mariano D. Vengzon, Luis Pineda and Lorenzo Tinio.
The grounds of opposition of the oppositors-appellants are that the will in question was not signed by the witnesses in the presence of the others, and that at the time the will purports to have been executed, the deceased Gabina Medina was mentally incapable of executing it.
The principal witnesses of the oppositors in support of the allegation that the deceased was mentally incapable of executing the will in question on September 22, 1928, were Dr. Generoso Ocampo who treated the deceased Gabina Medina in 1928, Father Roberto Roque and a servant, Juana Mallari, who, it is alleged, and taken care of the deceased since the latter part of the year 1926 up to the early part of the year 1930.
The first of the above-mentioned witnesses testified that in the year 1920 he treated the deceased and that since that time she has shown symptoms of senility and of an illness known as "tabes dorsalis" ; that in 1924 she had slight atrophy in the hands and feet and could no longer stand up; that during the second quarter of the year 1928 he was again called to treat her and he found her suffering with "ataxia locomotrix with dementia senile" and that she could not talk nor hear and could not move. The second witness testified that her last confession was on or about the month of January or February, 1928, and that when he went to confess her in May of that year, he could no longer understand her and she would laugh and weep in answer to his questions. The witness Juana Mallari testified that from the year 1926 up to the time that the deceased was moved to her new house in the year 1928 it was difficult to understand what she said, and that two months later she had completely lost her power of speech and could not move her hands and feet and that she was also suffering from inability to control her urine and bowel movements.
On the other hand the evidence for the petitioner shows that previous to the year 1928, during that year, and in the year 1929 the deceased was able to talk coherently and intelligibly although she was suffering from rheumatism. In connection with the above, the trial court said in part:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
". . . Es un hecho, que el solicitante presento varios testigos de contra pruebas que contraddijeron a los de la oposicion, encontrandose entre ellos otro sacerdote catolico, el P. Castro Ocampo, el cual dijo que confeso a Gabina Medina en 1929, y lo hizo todavia bien; el Fiscal General Auxiliar Sr. Salvador A. Santos, que afirmo podido hablar a aquella en mayo y noviembre de 1928, y una vez en 1929; y el Dr. Sixto de los Angeles, que declaro que la enfermedad que aquella padecia, segun los sintomas dados por el Dr. Ocampo, no debia ser ’tables dorsal,’ sino otra de la medula espinal."cralaw virtua1aw library
One very important exhibit in favor of the petitioner is a photograph of the deceased with petitioner’s daughter who was then about ten months old, which was taken about the month of October, 1928, just one month after the date of the will in question. This photograph and its negative show the deceased seated on a chair with the child on her lap, her arms around her and her hands clasped in front of the child. This photograph negatives the contention of the oppositors, at least, as to the physical condition of the deceased testatrix at about the time the will in question was executed.
Doctor Sixto de los Angeles testifying about "tabes dorsalis" stated that this illness has no direct relation to the mental condition of a person affected by it, and as stated by Drs. Church and Peterson, in their work entitled "Nervous and Mental Diseases", page 454, 8th edition, "Tabetics often manifest large mental activities and retain their business capacity to the end."cralaw virtua1aw library
Admitting that the testatrix was physically ill in the year 1928, physical ailments and debility due to old age do not preclude the possession of mental capacity to make a will. To have testamentary capacity does not necessarily mean that the testator should be in full possession of all his reasoning faculties. The presumption is that every adult is sane. In the case of Torres and Lopez de Bueno v. Lopez (48 Phil., 772), this court held:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"3. Neither old age, physical infirmities, feebleness of mind, weakness of the memory, the appointment of a guardian, nor eccentricities are sufficient singly or jointly to show testamentary incapacity. The nature and rationality of the will is of some practical utility in determining capacity. Each case rests on its own facts and must be decided by its own facts.
"5. The presumption is that every adult is sane. . . .
"8. To constitute a sound and disposing mind, it is not necessary that the mind shall be wholly unbroken, unimpaired, or unshattered by disease or otherwise, or that the testator should be in the full possession of his reasoning faculties. The question is not so much, what was the degree of memory possessed by the testator, as, had he a disposing memory? (Buswell on Insanity, sec. 365; Campbell v. Campbell [1889], 130 Ill., 466, and Bagtas v. Paguio [1912], 22 Phil., 227.)
"10. An examination of the Philippine cases testamentary capacity discloses a consistent tendency to protect the wishes of the deceased whenever i be legally possible. These decisions also show great tenderness on the part of the court towards the last will and testament of the aged."cralaw virtua1aw library
Regarding the other ground advanced by the oppositors that the formalities prescribed by law for the execution of the will have not been complied with, the trial court had this to say:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"Leyendo las pruebas de la parte solicitante, uno concluiria que el testamento de que se trata fue otorgado realmente por Da. Gabina Medina en su cabal juicio, porque los dos testigos insrumentales, Sres. Mariano Vengson y Luis Pineda, pues el otro habia fallecido, y el Sr. Jose Berenguer que firmo el nombre de la finada, no solamente fueron unanimes en su examen directo, sino tambien en el minucioso interrogativo indiecto, a que fueron sometidos por los ilustres abogados de los opositores, y porque dos al menos de ellos, los dos primeros, parece que deben ser dignos de credito, todo vez que el Sr. Vengson es farmaceutico, y el Sr. Pineda, abogado y Juez de Paz." In view of all the evidence of record this court subscribes to this view.
The decision of the lower court admitting the will to probate is affirmed, with costs in this instance against the oppositors- appellants.
Malcolm, Imperial, Butte and Diaz, JJ., concur.
The will in question purports to have been executed on September 22, 1928, in Arayat, Pampanga, and bears the thumb mark of Gabina Medina, with her name written by Jose Berenguer who also signed the document. The attesting witnesses were Mariano D. Vengzon, Luis Pineda and Lorenzo Tinio.
The grounds of opposition of the oppositors-appellants are that the will in question was not signed by the witnesses in the presence of the others, and that at the time the will purports to have been executed, the deceased Gabina Medina was mentally incapable of executing it.
The principal witnesses of the oppositors in support of the allegation that the deceased was mentally incapable of executing the will in question on September 22, 1928, were Dr. Generoso Ocampo who treated the deceased Gabina Medina in 1928, Father Roberto Roque and a servant, Juana Mallari, who, it is alleged, and taken care of the deceased since the latter part of the year 1926 up to the early part of the year 1930.
The first of the above-mentioned witnesses testified that in the year 1920 he treated the deceased and that since that time she has shown symptoms of senility and of an illness known as "tabes dorsalis" ; that in 1924 she had slight atrophy in the hands and feet and could no longer stand up; that during the second quarter of the year 1928 he was again called to treat her and he found her suffering with "ataxia locomotrix with dementia senile" and that she could not talk nor hear and could not move. The second witness testified that her last confession was on or about the month of January or February, 1928, and that when he went to confess her in May of that year, he could no longer understand her and she would laugh and weep in answer to his questions. The witness Juana Mallari testified that from the year 1926 up to the time that the deceased was moved to her new house in the year 1928 it was difficult to understand what she said, and that two months later she had completely lost her power of speech and could not move her hands and feet and that she was also suffering from inability to control her urine and bowel movements.
On the other hand the evidence for the petitioner shows that previous to the year 1928, during that year, and in the year 1929 the deceased was able to talk coherently and intelligibly although she was suffering from rheumatism. In connection with the above, the trial court said in part:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
". . . Es un hecho, que el solicitante presento varios testigos de contra pruebas que contraddijeron a los de la oposicion, encontrandose entre ellos otro sacerdote catolico, el P. Castro Ocampo, el cual dijo que confeso a Gabina Medina en 1929, y lo hizo todavia bien; el Fiscal General Auxiliar Sr. Salvador A. Santos, que afirmo podido hablar a aquella en mayo y noviembre de 1928, y una vez en 1929; y el Dr. Sixto de los Angeles, que declaro que la enfermedad que aquella padecia, segun los sintomas dados por el Dr. Ocampo, no debia ser ’tables dorsal,’ sino otra de la medula espinal."cralaw virtua1aw library
One very important exhibit in favor of the petitioner is a photograph of the deceased with petitioner’s daughter who was then about ten months old, which was taken about the month of October, 1928, just one month after the date of the will in question. This photograph and its negative show the deceased seated on a chair with the child on her lap, her arms around her and her hands clasped in front of the child. This photograph negatives the contention of the oppositors, at least, as to the physical condition of the deceased testatrix at about the time the will in question was executed.
Doctor Sixto de los Angeles testifying about "tabes dorsalis" stated that this illness has no direct relation to the mental condition of a person affected by it, and as stated by Drs. Church and Peterson, in their work entitled "Nervous and Mental Diseases", page 454, 8th edition, "Tabetics often manifest large mental activities and retain their business capacity to the end."cralaw virtua1aw library
Admitting that the testatrix was physically ill in the year 1928, physical ailments and debility due to old age do not preclude the possession of mental capacity to make a will. To have testamentary capacity does not necessarily mean that the testator should be in full possession of all his reasoning faculties. The presumption is that every adult is sane. In the case of Torres and Lopez de Bueno v. Lopez (48 Phil., 772), this court held:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"3. Neither old age, physical infirmities, feebleness of mind, weakness of the memory, the appointment of a guardian, nor eccentricities are sufficient singly or jointly to show testamentary incapacity. The nature and rationality of the will is of some practical utility in determining capacity. Each case rests on its own facts and must be decided by its own facts.
"5. The presumption is that every adult is sane. . . .
"8. To constitute a sound and disposing mind, it is not necessary that the mind shall be wholly unbroken, unimpaired, or unshattered by disease or otherwise, or that the testator should be in the full possession of his reasoning faculties. The question is not so much, what was the degree of memory possessed by the testator, as, had he a disposing memory? (Buswell on Insanity, sec. 365; Campbell v. Campbell [1889], 130 Ill., 466, and Bagtas v. Paguio [1912], 22 Phil., 227.)
"10. An examination of the Philippine cases testamentary capacity discloses a consistent tendency to protect the wishes of the deceased whenever i be legally possible. These decisions also show great tenderness on the part of the court towards the last will and testament of the aged."cralaw virtua1aw library
Regarding the other ground advanced by the oppositors that the formalities prescribed by law for the execution of the will have not been complied with, the trial court had this to say:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"Leyendo las pruebas de la parte solicitante, uno concluiria que el testamento de que se trata fue otorgado realmente por Da. Gabina Medina en su cabal juicio, porque los dos testigos insrumentales, Sres. Mariano Vengson y Luis Pineda, pues el otro habia fallecido, y el Sr. Jose Berenguer que firmo el nombre de la finada, no solamente fueron unanimes en su examen directo, sino tambien en el minucioso interrogativo indiecto, a que fueron sometidos por los ilustres abogados de los opositores, y porque dos al menos de ellos, los dos primeros, parece que deben ser dignos de credito, todo vez que el Sr. Vengson es farmaceutico, y el Sr. Pineda, abogado y Juez de Paz." In view of all the evidence of record this court subscribes to this view.
The decision of the lower court admitting the will to probate is affirmed, with costs in this instance against the oppositors- appellants.
Malcolm, Imperial, Butte and Diaz, JJ., concur.
