August 1962 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
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G.R. No. L-18107 August 30, 1962 - MARIA G. AGUAS, ET AL. v. PERPETUA YERRO-LLEMOS, ET AL. :
EN BANC
[G.R. No. L-18107. August 30, 1962.]
MARIA G. AGUAS, FELIX GUARDINO and FRANCISCO SALINAS, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. HERMOGENES LLEMOS, deceased defendant substituted by his representatives, PERPETUA YERRO-LLEMOS, HERMENEGILDO LLEMOS, FELINO LLEMOS and AMADO LLEMOS, Defendants-Appellees.
Jesus M. Aguas, for Plaintiffs-Appellants.
Serafin P. Ramento for Defendants-Appellees.
SYLLABUS
1. EXECUTOR AND ADMINISTRATOR; CLAIMS AGAINST THE ESTATE OF THE DECEASED; ACTIONS THAT ARE ABATED BY DEATH. — Under Rule 87, section 5, of the Rules of Court, actions that are abated by death are: (1) claims for funeral expenses and those for the last sickness of the decedent; (2) judgments for money; and (3) "all claims for money against the decedent arising from contract express or implied." The phrase "contract express or implied" includes all purely personal obligations other than those which have their source in delict or tort." (Leung Ben v. O’Brien, 38 Phil., 182, 189-194.)
2. ID.; ID.; ACTIONS THAT SURVIVE; MEANING OF "INJURY TO PROPERTY." — Actions that survive against a decedent’s executor or administrator are: (1) actions to recover real personal property from the state; (2) actions to enforce a lien thereon; and (3) actions to recover damages for an injury to person or property. (Rule 88, Sec. 1). Injury to property is not limited to injuries to specific property, but extends to other wrongs by which personal estate is injured or diminished (Baker v. Crandall, 47 Am. Rep. 126; also 171 A.L.R., 1395). To maliciously cause a party to incur unnecessary expenses is injury to that party’s property (Javier v. Araneta, 90 Phil., 292). Hence, a suit for damages therefor survives the death of the defendant.
2. ID.; ID.; ACTIONS THAT SURVIVE; MEANING OF "INJURY TO PROPERTY." — Actions that survive against a decedent’s executor or administrator are: (1) actions to recover real personal property from the state; (2) actions to enforce a lien thereon; and (3) actions to recover damages for an injury to person or property. (Rule 88, Sec. 1). Injury to property is not limited to injuries to specific property, but extends to other wrongs by which personal estate is injured or diminished (Baker v. Crandall, 47 Am. Rep. 126; also 171 A.L.R., 1395). To maliciously cause a party to incur unnecessary expenses is injury to that party’s property (Javier v. Araneta, 90 Phil., 292). Hence, a suit for damages therefor survives the death of the defendant.
D E C I S I O N
REYES, J.B.L., J.:
On 14 March 1960, Francisco Salinas and the spouses Felix Guardino and Maria Aguas jointly filed an action in the Court of First Instance of Catbalogan, Samar (Civil Case No. 4824), to recover damages from Hermogenes Llemos, averring that the latter served them by registered mail with a copy of a petition for a writ of possession, with notice that the same would be submitted to the said court of Samar on February 23, 1960 at 8:00 a. m.; that in view of the copy and notice served, plaintiffs proceeded to the court from their residence in Manila accompanied by their lawyers, only to discover that no such petition had been filed; and that defendant Llemos maliciously failed to appear in court, so that plaintiffs’ expenditure and trouble turned out to be in vain, causing them mental anguish and undue embarrassment.
On 1 April 1960, before he could answer the complaint, the defendant died. Upon leave of court, plaintiffs amended their complaint to include the heirs of the deceased. On 21 July 1960, the heirs filed a motion to dismiss, and by order of 12 August 1960, the court below dismissed it, on the ground that the legal representative, and not the heirs, should have been made the party defendant; and that anyway the action being for recovery of money, testate or intestate proceeding should be initiated and the claim filed therein (Rec. on Appeal, pp. 26-27)
Motion for reconsideration having been denied, the case was appealed to us on points of law.
Plaintiffs argue with considerable cogency that contrasting the correlated provisions of the Rules of Court, those concerning claims that are barred if not filed in the estate settlement proceedings (Rule 87, sec. 5) and those defining actions that survive and may be prosecuted against the executor or administrator (Rule 88, sec. 1), it is apparent that actions for damages caused by tortious conduct of defendant (as in the case at bar) survive the death of the latter. Under Rule 87, section 5, the actions that are abated by death are: (1) claims for funeral expenses and those for the last sickness of the decedent; (2) judgments for money; and (3) "all claims for money against the decedent, arising from contract express or implied." None of these includes that of the plaintiffs-appellants; for it is not enough that the claim against the deceased party be for money, but it must arise from "contract express or implied", and these words (also used by the Rules in connection with attachments and derived from the common law) were construed in Leung Ben v. O’Brien, 38 Phil. 182, 189-194,
"to include all purely personal obligations other than those which have their source in delict or tort."cralaw virtua1aw library
Upon the other hand, Rule 88, section 1, enumerates actions that survive against a decedent’s executors or administrators, and they are: (1) actions to recover real and personal property from the estate; (2) actions to enforce a lien thereon; and (3) actions to recover damages for an injury to person or property. The present suit is one for damages under the last class, it having been held that "injury to property" is not limited to injuries to specific property, but extends to other wrongs by which personal estate is injured or diminished (Baker v. Crandall, 47 Am. Rep. 126; also 171 A. L. R. 1395). To maliciously cause a party to incur unnecessary expenses, as charged in this case, is certainly injury to that party’s property (Javier v. Araneta, L-4269, Aug. 31 1953).
Be that as it may, it now appears from a communication from the Court of First Instance of Samar that the parties have arrived at an amicable settlement of their differences, and that they have agreed to dismiss this appeal. The settlement has been approved and embodied in an order of the Court of First Instance.
The case having thus become moot, it becomes unnecessary to resolve the questions raised therein. This appeal is, therefore, ordered dismissed, without special pronouncement as to costs.
Bengzon, C.J., Padilla, Bautista Angelo, Labrador, Concepcion, Barrera, Paredes, Dizon, Regala and Makalintal, JJ., concur.
On 1 April 1960, before he could answer the complaint, the defendant died. Upon leave of court, plaintiffs amended their complaint to include the heirs of the deceased. On 21 July 1960, the heirs filed a motion to dismiss, and by order of 12 August 1960, the court below dismissed it, on the ground that the legal representative, and not the heirs, should have been made the party defendant; and that anyway the action being for recovery of money, testate or intestate proceeding should be initiated and the claim filed therein (Rec. on Appeal, pp. 26-27)
Motion for reconsideration having been denied, the case was appealed to us on points of law.
Plaintiffs argue with considerable cogency that contrasting the correlated provisions of the Rules of Court, those concerning claims that are barred if not filed in the estate settlement proceedings (Rule 87, sec. 5) and those defining actions that survive and may be prosecuted against the executor or administrator (Rule 88, sec. 1), it is apparent that actions for damages caused by tortious conduct of defendant (as in the case at bar) survive the death of the latter. Under Rule 87, section 5, the actions that are abated by death are: (1) claims for funeral expenses and those for the last sickness of the decedent; (2) judgments for money; and (3) "all claims for money against the decedent, arising from contract express or implied." None of these includes that of the plaintiffs-appellants; for it is not enough that the claim against the deceased party be for money, but it must arise from "contract express or implied", and these words (also used by the Rules in connection with attachments and derived from the common law) were construed in Leung Ben v. O’Brien, 38 Phil. 182, 189-194,
"to include all purely personal obligations other than those which have their source in delict or tort."cralaw virtua1aw library
Upon the other hand, Rule 88, section 1, enumerates actions that survive against a decedent’s executors or administrators, and they are: (1) actions to recover real and personal property from the estate; (2) actions to enforce a lien thereon; and (3) actions to recover damages for an injury to person or property. The present suit is one for damages under the last class, it having been held that "injury to property" is not limited to injuries to specific property, but extends to other wrongs by which personal estate is injured or diminished (Baker v. Crandall, 47 Am. Rep. 126; also 171 A. L. R. 1395). To maliciously cause a party to incur unnecessary expenses, as charged in this case, is certainly injury to that party’s property (Javier v. Araneta, L-4269, Aug. 31 1953).
Be that as it may, it now appears from a communication from the Court of First Instance of Samar that the parties have arrived at an amicable settlement of their differences, and that they have agreed to dismiss this appeal. The settlement has been approved and embodied in an order of the Court of First Instance.
The case having thus become moot, it becomes unnecessary to resolve the questions raised therein. This appeal is, therefore, ordered dismissed, without special pronouncement as to costs.
Bengzon, C.J., Padilla, Bautista Angelo, Labrador, Concepcion, Barrera, Paredes, Dizon, Regala and Makalintal, JJ., concur.
