August 1982 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
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G.R. No. L-60067 August 19, 1982 - SAN MIGUEL CORPORATION v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION
201 Phil. 477:
201 Phil. 477:
SECOND DIVISION
[G.R. No. L-60067. August 19, 1982.]
SAN MIGUEL CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION and RODOLFO CALAYAG, Respondents.
Siguion-Reyna, Montecillo & Ongsiako Law Offices for Petitioner.
SYNOPSIS
In a decision, the Labor Arbiter ordered petitioner San Miguel Corporation to immediately reinstate respondent Rodolfo Calayag to his former position without loss of seniority rights and other benefits but without back-wages. Calayag appealed from said decision for the purpose of getting backwages but he did not apprise petitioner of this appeal. Petitioner only learned of the appeal when it was served with a copy of the decision of the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) granting Calayag back-wages. Petitioners thus filed the instant petition praying for the annulment of the NLRC’s decisions and the dismissal of Calayag’s complaint for alleged illegal termination of employment.
The Supreme Court set aside the decision of the NLRC and affirmed that of the Labor Arbiter holding that the NLRC erred in resolving the appeal without hearing petitioner, who was entitled to present its side of the case.
The Supreme Court set aside the decision of the NLRC and affirmed that of the Labor Arbiter holding that the NLRC erred in resolving the appeal without hearing petitioner, who was entitled to present its side of the case.
SYLLABUS
1. LABOR AND SOCIAL LEGISLATIONS; LABOR LAWS; APPEAL TO THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSIONS; PROCEDURE. — Section 7 Rule XIII (NLRC Procedures) of the Rules and Regulations implementing the Labor Code provides that the appellant should furnish the appellee with a copy of his appeal. Undoubtedly, that rule was ordained in the interest of fair play and to preclude the NLRC from making an ex-parte resolution of the appeal which it did in this case.
2. ID.; ID.; TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT; COMPUTATION OF ABSENCES WITHOUT LEAVE IN CASE AT BAR. — The Labor Arbiter found that Calayag was absent without leave for ten days. It is a rule of the company that for nine absences without leave within a calendar year an employee may be dismissed. Notwithstanding that role, the Labor Arbiter ordered Calayag’s reinstatement but without backwages. The NLRC directed the payment of backwages in addition to reinstatement. As Calayag was receiving P1,040 a month, his backwages as of February, 1982 amounted already to P29,120. Both the Labor Arbiter and the NLRC opined that nine-absences rule means that the prior absences, which had already been penalized with suspension without pay, should be excluded from the computation of the nine absences required for dismissal because their inclusion would supposedly place the employee "twice in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense." That opinion is not correct. The rule prescribes graduated or cumulative penalties (culminating in dismissal) for each day of absence without leave. It is immaterial that the absences included in the nine absences required for dismissal had already been penalized with suspension. They are included in the computation of the nine absences.
3. ID.; ID.; ID.; REINSTATEMENT WITHOUT BACKWAGES HELD EQUITABLE IN CASE AT BAR. — The Labor Arbiter chose to reinstate Calayag in spite of the fact that he could be dismissed. He did so presumably because dismissal would be a very drastic penalty under the facts of this case. (See San Miguel Corporation v. Secretary of Labor, L-39195, May 16, 1975, 64 SCRA 56, 62.) On the other hand, to grant Calayag backwages in addition to reinstatement is not a just and equitable solution of the controversy.
2. ID.; ID.; TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT; COMPUTATION OF ABSENCES WITHOUT LEAVE IN CASE AT BAR. — The Labor Arbiter found that Calayag was absent without leave for ten days. It is a rule of the company that for nine absences without leave within a calendar year an employee may be dismissed. Notwithstanding that role, the Labor Arbiter ordered Calayag’s reinstatement but without backwages. The NLRC directed the payment of backwages in addition to reinstatement. As Calayag was receiving P1,040 a month, his backwages as of February, 1982 amounted already to P29,120. Both the Labor Arbiter and the NLRC opined that nine-absences rule means that the prior absences, which had already been penalized with suspension without pay, should be excluded from the computation of the nine absences required for dismissal because their inclusion would supposedly place the employee "twice in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense." That opinion is not correct. The rule prescribes graduated or cumulative penalties (culminating in dismissal) for each day of absence without leave. It is immaterial that the absences included in the nine absences required for dismissal had already been penalized with suspension. They are included in the computation of the nine absences.
3. ID.; ID.; ID.; REINSTATEMENT WITHOUT BACKWAGES HELD EQUITABLE IN CASE AT BAR. — The Labor Arbiter chose to reinstate Calayag in spite of the fact that he could be dismissed. He did so presumably because dismissal would be a very drastic penalty under the facts of this case. (See San Miguel Corporation v. Secretary of Labor, L-39195, May 16, 1975, 64 SCRA 56, 62.) On the other hand, to grant Calayag backwages in addition to reinstatement is not a just and equitable solution of the controversy.
D E C I S I O N
AQUINO, J.:
This is a case on termination of employment. A Labor Arbiter in his decision of December 15, 1980 ordered San Miguel Corporation to reinstate immediately Rodolfo Calayag to his former position of receiver/issuer in the containers section, materials department of the company’s plant at Polo (Valenzuela), Bulacan without loss of seniority rights and other benefits but without backwages (p. 43, Rollo).
San Miguel Corporation appealed from that decision but withdrew its appeal in a motion dated March 9, 1981 (p. 106, Rollo). Calayag also appealed from that decision only for the purpose of getting backwages but he did not apprise San Miguel Corporation of his appeal.
The company allegedly learned of the appeal only on January 13, 1982 when it was served with a copy of the decision of the National Labor Relations Commission dated November 11, 1981, granting Calayag backwages from November 1, 1979 up to his reinstatement.
On March 31, 1982, San Miguel Corporation filed in this Court the instant petition for certiorari wherein it prayed for the annulment of the NLRC’s decision and the dismissal of Calayag’s complaint for alleged illegal termination of employment.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
It is obvious that the NLRC erred in deciding Calayag’s appeal without hearing San Miguel Corporation. It was entitled to present its side of the case.
Section 7, Rule XIII (NLRC Procedures) of the Rules and Regulations implementing the Labor Code provides that the appellant should furnish the appellee with a copy of his appeal. Undoubtedly, that rule was ordained in the interest of fair play and to preclude the NLRC from making an ex parte resolution of the appeal which it did in this case.
Calayag was dismissed by San Miguel Corporation for repeated absences without leave. The dismissal was effected after the assistant director of the National Capital Region of the Ministry of Labor had given clearance for such dismissal (pp. 39-40, Rollo).
The Labor Arbiter found that Calayag was absent without leave for ten days (p. 41, Rollo). It is a rule of the company that for nine absences without leave within a calendar year and employee may be dismissed. Notwithstanding that rule, the Labor Arbiter ordered Calayag’s reinstatement but without backwages.
The NLRC directed the payment of backwages in addition to reinstatement. As Calayag was receiving P1,040 a month, his backwages as of February, 1982 amounted already to P29,120 (p. 49, Rollo).
Both the Labor Arbiter and the NLRC opined that the nine absences rule means that the prior absences, which had already been penalized with suspension without pay, should be excluded from the computation of the nine absences required for dismissal because their inclusion would supposedly place the employee "twice in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense"
That opinion is not correct. The rule prescribes graduated or cumulative penalties (culminating in dismissal) for each day of absence without leave. It is immaterial that the absences included in the nine absences required for dismissal had already been penalized with suspension. They are included in the computation of the nine absences.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
The Labor Arbiter chose to reinstate Calayag in spite of the fact that he could be dismissed. He did so presumably because dismissal would be a very drastic penalty under the facts of this case. (See San Miguel Corporation v. Secretary of Labor, L-39195, May 16, 1975, 64 SCRA 56, 62.)
On the other hand, to grant Calayag backwages in addition to reinstatement is not a just and equitable solution of the controversy.
WHEREFORE, the decision of the NLRC is set aside and that of the Labor Arbiter is affirmed. No costs.
SO ORDERED.
Concepcion Jr., Guerrero, Abad Santos, De Castro and Escolin, JJ., concur.
BARREDO, J., concurring:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
I concur because San Miguel was notified of Calayag’s appeal and the appeal of San Miguel was withdrawn anyway.
San Miguel Corporation appealed from that decision but withdrew its appeal in a motion dated March 9, 1981 (p. 106, Rollo). Calayag also appealed from that decision only for the purpose of getting backwages but he did not apprise San Miguel Corporation of his appeal.
The company allegedly learned of the appeal only on January 13, 1982 when it was served with a copy of the decision of the National Labor Relations Commission dated November 11, 1981, granting Calayag backwages from November 1, 1979 up to his reinstatement.
On March 31, 1982, San Miguel Corporation filed in this Court the instant petition for certiorari wherein it prayed for the annulment of the NLRC’s decision and the dismissal of Calayag’s complaint for alleged illegal termination of employment.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
It is obvious that the NLRC erred in deciding Calayag’s appeal without hearing San Miguel Corporation. It was entitled to present its side of the case.
Section 7, Rule XIII (NLRC Procedures) of the Rules and Regulations implementing the Labor Code provides that the appellant should furnish the appellee with a copy of his appeal. Undoubtedly, that rule was ordained in the interest of fair play and to preclude the NLRC from making an ex parte resolution of the appeal which it did in this case.
Calayag was dismissed by San Miguel Corporation for repeated absences without leave. The dismissal was effected after the assistant director of the National Capital Region of the Ministry of Labor had given clearance for such dismissal (pp. 39-40, Rollo).
The Labor Arbiter found that Calayag was absent without leave for ten days (p. 41, Rollo). It is a rule of the company that for nine absences without leave within a calendar year and employee may be dismissed. Notwithstanding that rule, the Labor Arbiter ordered Calayag’s reinstatement but without backwages.
The NLRC directed the payment of backwages in addition to reinstatement. As Calayag was receiving P1,040 a month, his backwages as of February, 1982 amounted already to P29,120 (p. 49, Rollo).
Both the Labor Arbiter and the NLRC opined that the nine absences rule means that the prior absences, which had already been penalized with suspension without pay, should be excluded from the computation of the nine absences required for dismissal because their inclusion would supposedly place the employee "twice in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense"
That opinion is not correct. The rule prescribes graduated or cumulative penalties (culminating in dismissal) for each day of absence without leave. It is immaterial that the absences included in the nine absences required for dismissal had already been penalized with suspension. They are included in the computation of the nine absences.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
The Labor Arbiter chose to reinstate Calayag in spite of the fact that he could be dismissed. He did so presumably because dismissal would be a very drastic penalty under the facts of this case. (See San Miguel Corporation v. Secretary of Labor, L-39195, May 16, 1975, 64 SCRA 56, 62.)
On the other hand, to grant Calayag backwages in addition to reinstatement is not a just and equitable solution of the controversy.
WHEREFORE, the decision of the NLRC is set aside and that of the Labor Arbiter is affirmed. No costs.
SO ORDERED.
Concepcion Jr., Guerrero, Abad Santos, De Castro and Escolin, JJ., concur.
Separate Opinions
BARREDO, J., concurring:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
I concur because San Miguel was notified of Calayag’s appeal and the appeal of San Miguel was withdrawn anyway.
