Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence


Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 1982 > July 1982 Decisions > G.R. No. L-57841 July 30, 1982 - BERNARDO GALLEGO v. SANDIGANBAYAN:




PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

EN BANC

[G.R. No. L-57841. July 30, 1982.]

BERNARDO GALLEGO and FELIX AGONCILLO, Petitioners, v. SANDIGANBAYAN, Respondent.

Antonio R. Bautista, for Petitioners.

The Solicitor General for Respondent.

SYNOPSIS


The chairman and three other members of the Board for Marine Deck Officers in the May, 1979 examinations, two of whom are petitioners, were charged in the Sandiganbayan for violation of Section 3(e) of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, for giving unwarranted benefits to particular examinees. In the motion to quash the aforesaid information, petitioners Gallego and Agoncillo claimed, among others, that Section 3(e) of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act is null and void because it is unconstitutionally vague and therefore cannot be a basis of any criminal prosecution and that the information charges the accused with three (3) distinct offenses, to wit:" (a) the giving of ‘unwarranted’ benefits through manifest partiality; (b) the giving of ‘unwarranted’ benefits through evident bad faith; and (c) the giving of ‘unwarranted’ benefits through gross inexcusable negligence" while in the discharge of their official and/or administrative functions. The motion to quash was denied by the Sandiganbayan. Hence this petition.

The Supreme Court held that Section 3(e) of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act does not suffer from the constitutional defect of vagueness since the phrases "manifest partiality,’’ "evident bad faith’’ and "gross inexcusable negligence’’ merely describe the different modes by which the offense penalized in the said section of the statute may be committed, and the use of all the phrases in the same information does not mean that the indictment charges three distinct offenses.

Petition dismissed for lack of merit.


SYLLABUS


1. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW; BILL OF RIGHTS; RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED; RIGHT TO BE INFORMED OF THE NATURE AND CAUSE OF THE ACCUSATION; NO CONSTITUTIONAL DEFECT IN SECTION 3(e) OF THE ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT. — Section 3(e) of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act does not suffer from the constitutional defect of vagueness. The phrases "manifest partiality," "evident bad faith" and "gross inexcusable negligence" merely describe the different modes by which the offense penalized in Section 3(e) of the statute may be committed, and the use of all these phrases in the same information does not mean that the indictment charges three distinct offenses.

2. REMEDIAL LAW; CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; PROSECUTION OF OFFENSES; INFORMATION; SUFFICIENT, WHEN ULTIMATE FACTS ARE STATED. — The information definitely states the names of the parties, the time, place, manner of commission and designation of the offense. The argument that failure in the information to state the reasons why the benefits bestowed are unwarranted renders it defective is without merit. Informations need only state the ultimate facts; the reasons therefore could be proved during the trial.

3. CRIMINAL LAW; ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT; WORD ‘UNWARRANTED’ DEFINED. — The respondent Sandiganbayan aptly observed in its resolution dated August 27, 1981 that "the word ‘unwarranted’ means lacking adequate or official support; unjustified; unauthorized (Webster, Third New International Dictionary, p. 2514); or without justification or adequate reason. (Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. U. S. Dept. of Justice, C. D. Pa., 405 F. Supp. 8, 12 cited in Words and Phrases, Permanent Edition, Vol. 43-A 1978, Cumulative Annual Pocket Part, p. 19.) . . ."cralaw virtua1aw library

4. REMEDIAL LAW; CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; PROSECUTION OF OFFENSES; INFORMATION; WHERE ACTS CHARGED WERE DIFFERENT MEANS OF COMMITTING SAME OFFENSE, INFORMATION NOT BAD FOR DUPLICITY. — An information which charges the accused with giving unwarranted benefits to certain examinees through manifest partiality, evident bad faith or gross inexcusable negligence as defined under Section 3(e) of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices is not defective. As held in the case of People v. Buenviaje, 47 Phil. 536, where the defendant was charged with violation of the Medical Law and the information charged both illegal practice of medicine and illegally advertising oneself as a doctor, it was held that "the information was not bad for duplicity inasmuch as the acts charged were merely different means of committing the same offense, notwithstanding the fact that they are prohibited by separate sections of the statute."


D E C I S I O N


RELOVA, J.:


In this petition for certiorari, prohibition and mandamus, petitioners seek to set aside in toto the Sandiganbayan’s resolution promulgated on August 27, 1981 in Criminal Case No. 2940, entitled: People of the Philippines v. Ramon Deseo, Et. Al.; to restrain the Sandiganbayan from further proceeding with said Criminal Case No. 2940; and to quash the information in said case.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary

The antecedent facts are as follows:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library

An information was filed in the Sandiganbayan by Tanodbayan Special Prosecutor Mariflor Punzalan-Castillo against Ramon Deseo, Bernardo Gallego, Herminio Erorita and Felix Agoncillo, for violation of Section 3(e) of Republic Act No. 3019, as amended, otherwise known as the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, which reads:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph

"That on or about the period from May to September, 1979, in Metro Manila, Philippines. and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the following accused: RAMON DESEO, Chairman of the Board for Marine Engine Officers in the May 28-30, 1979 examinations, in checking Test Paper No. 839 in the subject Steam Boiler, Engines, Turbines, Internal Combustion and Machine Shop, gave a rating of 18% out of a total of 20% to Test II thereof, the answer of the examinee being a recital of the prayer ‘Hail Mary’ and in Test III of the same Test Paper, gave a rating of 18% out of 20%, the answer of the examinee being the prayer ‘Our Father’, BERNARDO GALLEGO, Member of the Board for Marine Engine Officers, acting as Second Corrector to Ramon Deseo, affirmed the ratings given by the latter to Test Paper No. 839; FELIX AGONCILLO, Member of the Board for Marine Deck Officers in the May 28-30, 1979 examinations, in checking Test Paper No. 144, in the subject Meteorology and Electronics, gave a rating of 19% out of 20% to Test I A and B thereof, the answer of the examinee to Test I A being a long love letter; and HERMINIO ERORITA, Member of the Board for Marine Deck Officers, acting as Second Corrector to Felix Agoncillo, affirmed the ratings given by the latter to Test Paper No. 144, the above acts of all the accused resulting in the passing of Examinee No. 839 in the Board for Marine Engine Officers and Examinee No. 144 in the Board for Marine Deck Officers, thereby giving unwarranted benefits to the said examinees in the discharge of their official and/or administrative functions through manifest partiality, evident bad faith or gross inexcusable negligence."cralaw virtua1aw library

Petitioners Bernardo Gallego and Felix Agoncillo filed a motion to quash the information against them on the following grounds:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library

1. the facts alleged do not constitute an offense; or, in the alternative,

2. The information charges more than one offense.

Petitioners claim that the information concludes that the ratings given by the accused to particular examinees constituted the giving to them of "unwarranted benefits" ; that the statutory provision defines as a corrupt practice of the public officer "the giving to any private party any unwarranted benefits in the discharge of his official, administrative or judicial functions through manifest partiality, evident bad faith or gross inexcusable negligence" ; that Section 3(e) of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act is null and void because it is unconstitutionally vague and therefore cannot be a basis of any criminal prosecution; that even if said Section 3(e) of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act were to be sustained as definite, "still the allegations of the information are not sufficiently definite to charge an offense to which the accused may be required to plead." Further, petitioners allege that the term "unwarranted" is a "highly imprecise and elastic term which has no common law meaning or settled definition by prior judicial or administrative precedents" ; that for its vagueness, said Section 3(e) violates due process in that it does not give fair warning or sufficient notice of what it seeks to penalize.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary

Finally, petitioners claim that the information charges the accused with three (3) distinct offenses, to wit:" (a) the giving of ‘unwarranted’ benefits through manifest partiality; (b) the giving of ‘unwarranted’ benefits through evident bad faith; and (c) the giving of ‘unwarranted’ benefits through gross inexcusable negligence" while in the discharge of their official and/or administrative functions; that the right of the accused to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against them is violated because they are left to guess which of the three, if not all, offenses they are being prosecuted.

The motion to quash was opposed by the prosecution alleging that the term "unwarranted" in Section 3(e) of Republic Act 3019 is clear, unambiguous and unequivocal and is presumed to have been used in its primary and general acceptation; that the objection by petitioners on the clarity of the term "unwarranted" does not suffice for the courts to declare said section unconstitutional; that said Section 3(e) of Republic Act 3019 is valid unless otherwise held by final judgment of a competent court.

With respect to petitioners’ allegation that the information charges more than one offense, the prosecution avers that what is charged in the information "is the giving of unwarranted benefits to the owners of Test Booklets Nos. 839 and 144, while manifest partiality, evident bad faith or gross inexcusable negligence are only the means of commission."cralaw virtua1aw library

Respondent Sandiganbayan sustained the prosecution and denied the motion to quash.

We hold that Section 3(e) of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act does not suffer from the constitutional defect of vagueness. The phrases "manifest partiality," "evident bad faith" and "gross inexcusable negligence" merely describe the different modes by which the offense penalized in Section 3(e) of the statute may be committed, and the use of all these phrases in the same information does not mean that the indictment charges three distinct offenses.

The information definitely states the names of the parties, the time, place, manner of commission and designation of the offense. The argument that failure in the information to state the reasons why the benefits bestowed are unwarranted renders it defective is without merit. Informations need only state the ultimate facts; the reasons therefor could be proved during the trial. As aptly observed by respondent Sandiganbayan in its resolution dated August 27, 1981:chanrobles.com.ph : virtual law library

"The word ‘unwarranted’ is not uncertain. It seems lacking adequate or official support; unjustified; unauthorized (Webster, Third New International Dictionary, p. 2514); or without justification or adequate reason. (Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. U.S. Dept. of Justice, C.D. Pa., 405 E. Supp. 8, 12, cited in Words and Phrases, Permanent Edition, Vol. 43-A 1978, Cumulative Annual Pocket Part, p. 19.)

"The assailed provisions of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act considers a corrupt practice and makes unlawful the act of a public officer in:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph

". . . or giving any private party any unwarranted benefits, advantage or preference in the discharge of his official administrative or judicial functions through manifest partiality, evident bad faith or gross inexcusable negligence, . . ." (Section 3[e], Rep. Act 3019, as amended.)

"It is not all difficult to comprehend that what the afore-quoted penal provisions penalizes is the act of a public officer, in the discharge of his official, administrative or judicial functions. in giving any private private party benefits, advantage or preference which are unjustified, unauthorized or without justification or adequate reason, through manifest partiality, evident bad faith or gross inexcusable negligence."cralaw virtua1aw library

Neither is the information defective. As held in the case of People v. Buenviaje, 47 Phil. 536, where the defendant was charged with violation of the Medical Law and the information charged both illegal practice of medicine and illegally advertising oneself as a doctor, it was held that "the information was not bad for duplicity inasmuch as the acts charged were merely different means of committing the name offense, notwithstanding the fact that they are prohibited by separate sections of the statute."cralaw virtua1aw library

ACCORDINGLY, for lack of merit, instant petition is hereby dismissed.

SO ORDERED.

Fernando, C.J., Teehankee, Barredo, Makasiar, Concepcion, Jr., Guerrero, Abad Santos, De Castro, Melencio-Herrera, Plana, Escolin, Vasquez and Gutierrez, Jr., JJ., concur.




Back to Home | Back to Main




















chanrobles.com





ChanRobles On-Line Bar Review

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : www.chanroblesbar.com

ChanRobles MCLE On-line

ChanRobles Lawnet Inc. - ChanRobles MCLE On-line : www.chanroblesmcleonline.com






July-1982 Jurisprudence                 

  • G.R. No. L-45245 July 2, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. MARCELINO T. GABILAN

  • G.R. No. L-57573 July 5, 1982 - DIRECTOR OF LANDS v. ERNESTO DATU

  • G.R. No. L-58268 July 5, 1982 - ENRIQUETA S. TY v. EUSTAQUIA ELALE

  • G.R. No. L-27546 July 16, 1982 - PHILIPPINE CHARITY SWEEPSTAKES OFFICE v. ASSOC. OF SWEEPSTAKES STAFF PERSONNEL

  • G.R. No. L-30595 July 16, 1982 - MAGDALENA S. JOSON v. FORTUNATO CRISOSTOMO

  • G.R. Nos. L-32694 & L-33119 July 16, 1982 - FIDEL SILVESTRE v. COURT OF APPEALS

  • G.R. No. L-36094 July 16, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. ANASTACIO DELASA

  • G.R. No. L-30269 July 19, 1982 - EPITACIO BUERANO v. COURT OF APPEALS

  • G.R. No. L-40432 July 19, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. FERNANDO FELIPE

  • G.R. No. L-41543 July 19, 1982 - LEANDRO SEDECO v. COURT OF APPEALS

  • G.R. No. L-51458 July 19, 1982 - MANUEL YAP v. COURT OF APPEALS

  • G.R. No. L-52498 July 19, 1982 - JESUS B. PACQUING v. COURT OF APPEALS

  • A.M. No. 1895-CFI July 20, 1982 - LAMBERTO MACIAS v. GIBSON ARAULA

  • A.C. No. 2160 July 20, 1982 - AVELINO FRAN v. JUANITO FUERTE

  • A.M. No. 2691-CFI July 20, 1982 - ARTEMIO T. VICTORIA v. SEGUNDO M. ZOSA

  • G.R. No. L-30201 July 20, 1982 - CARMEN P. URBANO v. J. M. TUASON & CO., INC.

  • G.R. No. L-31682 July 20, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. VIRGILIO NACUSPAG

  • G.R. No. L-32661 July 20, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. CESAR DE LA CRUZ

  • G.R. No. L-34840 July 20, 1982 - MARIO RODIS MAGASPI v. JOSE R. RAMOLETE

  • G.R. No. L-35333 July 20, 1982 - FELIX M. SULIT v. JOEL P. TIANGCO

  • G.R. No. L-37751 July 20, 1982 - MANUEL LAPINIG v. COURT OF APPEALS

  • G.R. No. L-38140 July 20, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. ABUNDIO LABINIA

  • G.R. No. L-38440 July 20, 1982 - DOMINGO V. FLORES, JR. v. JUAN PONCE ENRILE

  • G.R. No. L-41399 July 20, 1982 - REPUBLIC OF PHILIPPINES v. CESAR GUY

  • G.R. No. L-41958 July 20, 1982 - DONALD MEAD v. MANUEL A. ARGEL

  • G.R. No. L-42963 July 20, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. REINO P. ROLL

  • G.R. No. L-46954 July 20, 1982 - ELPIDIO YABES, ET AL. v. NAPOLEON FLOJO, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. L-47740 July 20, 1982 - LIM PIN v. CONCHITA LIAO TAN

  • G.R. No. L-47953 July 20, 1982 - LILIA B. GALCERAN v. SECRETARY OF LABOR

  • G.R. No. L-50439 July 20, 1982 - ENRIQUE T. YUCHENGCO, INC. v. CONRADO M. VELAYO

  • G.R. No. L-52435 July 20, 1982 - ELIZABETH SINCLAIR v. COURT OF APPEALS

  • G.R. No. L-56554 July 20, 1982 - SAN MIGUEL CORPORATION v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION

  • G.R. No. L-56833 July 20, 1982 - RAMON V. MERANO v. EDUARDO C. TUTAAN

  • G.R. No. L-58011-12 July 20, 1982 - VIR-JEN SHIPPING AND MARINE SERVICES, INC. v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION

  • G.R. No. L-58678 July 20, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. IRINEO V. MENDOZA

  • G.R. Nos. L-58973-76 July 20, 1982 - INOCENTES AMORA, JR. v. COURT OF APPEALS

  • G.R. No. L-59519 July 20, 1982 - ADELA FRANCISCO v. ALFREDO M. GORGONIO

  • G.R. No. L-35726 July 21, 1982 - SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM v. CITY OF BACOLOD, ET AL.

    201 Phil. 1

  • G.R. No. L-58289 July 24, 1982 - VALENTINO L. LEGASPI v. MINISTER OF FINANCE

    201 Phil. 8

  • A.C. No. 792 July 30, 1982 - NATIONAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION v. JESUS M. PONCE

    201 Phil. 37

  • A.C. No. 906 July 30, 1982 - TERESITA B. TABILIRAN v. JOSE C. TABILIRAN, JR.

    201 Phil. 40

  • A.C. No. 1182 July 30, 1982 - ISABELO C. ORIJUELA v. TEMISTOCLES A. ROSARIO

    201 Phil. 45

  • A.C. No. 2343 July 30, 1982 - FACUNDO LUBIANO v. JOEL G. GORDOLLA

    201 Phil. 47

  • A.M. No. 2397-MJ July 30, 1982 - ERNESTO D. BONILLA v. LEONARDO AFABLE

    201 Phil. 52

  • A.M. No. 2681-CFI July 30, 1982 - GEORGE O. JAVIER v. MANUEL E. VALENZUELA

    201 Phil. 56

  • G.R. No. L-26676 July 30, 1982 - PHILIPPINE REFINING CO., INC. v. NG SAM

    201 Phil. 61

  • G.R. No. L-28692 July 30, 1982 - CONRADA VDA. DE ABETO v. PHILIPPINE AIR LINES, INC.

    201 Phil. 82

  • G.R. No. L-29376 July 30, 1982 - MARIANO WONG v. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

    201 Phil. 69

  • G.R. No. L-30279 July 30, 1982 - PHIL. NATIONAL BANK v. PHIL. NATIONAL BANK EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATION (PEMA)

    201 Phil. 89

  • G.R. No. L-30456 July 30, 1982 - VIRGILIO S. VELAZCO CAVITE v. EMILIA S. BLAS

    201 Phil. 122

  • G.R. No. L-30738 July 30, 1982 - BOARD OF LIQUIDATORS v. JOSE ZULUETA

    201 Phil. 131

  • G.R. No. L-31818 July 30, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. EDMUNDO GADIANO

    201 Phil. 143

  • G.R. Nos. L-32144-45 July 30, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. NAÑO L. MILFLORES

    201 Phil. 154

  • G.R. No. L-32463 July 30, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. JOSE L. BATOY

    201 Phil. 179

  • G.R. No. L-32997 July 30, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. ANICETO PEDROSO

    201 Phil. 184

  • G.R. No. L-33169 July 30, 1982 - GLICERIO JAVELLANA v. CESAR KINTANAR

  • G.R. No. L-33327 July 30, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. FLORENTINO ALMENDRAS

    201 Phil. 211

  • G.R. Nos. L-34527-28 July 30, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. DIONISIO MAGBANUA

    201 Phil. 219

  • G.R. No. L-35745 July 30, 1982 - JULIANA VDA. DE LICARDO v. WORKMEN’S COMPENSATION COMMISSION

    201 Phil. 247

  • G.R. No. L-35950 July 30, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. ARNOLD ZURBITO

    201 Phil. 256

  • G.R. Nos. L-36662-63 July 30, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. FILOMENO CAMANO

    201 Phil. 268

  • G.R. No. L-37270 July 30, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. MAGNO B. PABLO

    201 Phil. 284

  • G.R. No. L-37632 July 30, 1982 - GREGORIA VDA. DE PAMAN v. ALBERTO V. SEÑERIS

    201 Phil. 290

  • G.R. No. L-38208 July 30, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. ENECITO VILLASON

    201 Phil. 298

  • G.R. No. L-38544 July 30, 1982 - LUZ E. BALITAAN v. COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE OF BATANGAS

  • G.R. No. L-38859 July 30, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. DANILO VIZCARRA

    201 Phil. 326

  • G.R. No. L-39966 July 30, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. MAXIMO TABADERO

    201 Phil. 340

  • G.R. No. L-40494 July 30, 1982 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. DOMINGO BURGOS

    201 Phil. 353

  • G.R. No. L-49401 July 30, 1982 - RIZAL COMMERCIAL BANKING CORP. v. JOSE P. ARRO

    201 Phil. 362

  • G.R. No. L-55687 July 30, 1982 - JUASING HARDWARE v. RAFAEL T. MENDOZA

    201 Phil. 369

  • G.R. Nos. L-57601-06 July 30, 1982 - LAZARO VENIEGAS v. PEOPLE OF THE PHIL.

    201 Phil. 376

  • G.R. No. L-57841 July 30, 1982 - BERNARDO GALLEGO v. SANDIGANBAYAN

  • G.R. No. L-59283 July 30, 1982 - CRISANTO MOLINO v. COURT OF APPEALS

    201 Phil. 385

  • G.R. No. L-60236 July 30, 1982 - DOMESTIC SAVINGS & LOAN ASSOC., INC. v. MILAGROS VILLAFANIA-CAGUIOA

    201 Phil. 390