Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence


Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 1990 > November 1990 Decisions > G.R. No. 66541 November 20, 1990 - GUARDEX ENTERPRISES, ET AL. v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, ET AL.:




PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

FIRST DIVISION

[G.R. No. 66541. November 20, 1990.]

GUARDEX ENTERPRISES and/or MARCELINA A. ESCANDOR, Petitioners, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION and JUMBEE ORBETA, Respondents.

Rogelio B. De Guzman, for Petitioners.

Vicente R. Guzman for Private Respondent.


SYLLABUS


1. REMEDIAL LAW; CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; SEARCH WARRANT; PROBABLE CAUSE; DEFINITION AND REQUISITES THEREOF. — The right against unreasonable searches and seizures is guaranteed under Article III (Bill of Rights), Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. Under this provision, the issuance of a search warrant is justified only upon a finding of probable cause. Probable cause for a search has been defined as such facts and circumstances which would lead a reasonably discreet and prudent man to believe that an offense has been committed and that the objects sought in connection with the offense are in the place sought to be searched (Burgos, Sr. v. Chief of Staff, G.R. No. 64261, Dec. 26, 1984, 133 SCRA 800). In determining the existence of probable cause, it is required that: 1) the judge (or) officer must examine the . . witnesses personally; 2) the examination must be under oath; and (3) the examination must be reduced to writing in the form of searching questions and answers (Marinas v. Sioco, 104 SCRA 403, Ponsica v. Ignalaga, G.R. No. 72301, July 31, 1987, 152 SCRA 647). These requirements are provided under Section 4, Rule 126 of the New Rules of Criminal Procedure.

2. ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; FINDING OR OPINION THEREOF BY THE EXAMINING JUDGE, MUST BE SUPPORTED BY THE RECORD; NOT OBSERVED IN THE CASE AT BAR. — It has been ruled that the existence of probable cause depends to a large degree upon the finding or opinion of the judge conducting the examination (Luna v. Plaza, G.R. No. L-27511, Nov. 29, 1968), however, the opinion or finding of probable cause must, to a certain degree, be substantiated or supported by the record. In this case, We find that the requirement mandated by the law and the rules that the judge must personally examine the applicant and his witnesses in the form of searching questions and answers before issuing the warrant, was not sufficiently complied with. The applicant himself was not asked any searching question by Judge Magallanes. The records disclose that the only part played by the applicant, Lieutenant Rojas was to subscribe the application before Judge Magallanes. The application contained pre-typed questions, none of which stated that applicant had personal knowledge of a robbery or a theft and that the proceeds thereof are in the possession and control of the person against whom the search warrant was sought to be issued. In the case of Roan v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 71410, Nov. 25, 1986, 145 SCRA 687, citing the case of Mata v. Bayona, G.R. No. 50720, March 26, 1984, 128 SCRA 388, where the applicant himself was not subjected to an interrogation but was questioned only "to ascertain, among others, if he knew and understood (his affidavit) and only because the application was not yet subscribed and sworn to," We held that: "It is axiomatic that the examination must be probing and exhaustive, not merely routinary or pro forma, if the claimed probable cause is to be established. The examining magistrate must not simply rehash the contents of the affidavit but must make his own inquiry on the intent and justification of the application."cralaw virtua1aw library

3. ID.; ID.; ID.; ARTICLES SOUGHT TO BE SEIZED, MUST BE DESCRIBED WITH PARTICULARITY. — Another infirmity of Search Warrant No. 181 is its generality. The law requires that the articles sought to be seized must be described with particularity. The items listed in the warrant, to wit: "NAPOCOR Galvanized bolts, grounding motor drive assembly, aluminum wires and other NAPOCOR Towers parts and line accessories" are so general that the searching team can practically take half of the business of Kener Trading, the premises searched. Kener Trading, as alleged in petitioner’s petition before respondent Court of Appeals and which has not been denied by respondent, is engaged in the business of buying and selling scrap metals, second hand spare parts and accessories and empty bottles. Far more important is that the items described in the application do not fall under the list of personal property which may be seized under Section 2, Rule 126 of the Rules on Criminal Procedure because neither the application nor the joint deposition alleged that the item/s sought to be seized were: a) the subject of an offense; b) stolen or embezzled property and other proceeds or fruits of an offense; and c) used or intended to be used as a means of committing an offense.

4. ID.; ID.; ID.;SEIZURE OF INCRIMINATING ARTICLES, CANNOT VALIDATE AN INVALID WARRANT. — No matter how incriminating the articles taken from the petitioner may be, their seizure cannot validate an invalid warrant. Again, in the case of Mata v. Bayona, G.R. No. 50720, March 26, 1984, 128 SCRA 388: ". . . that nothing can justify the issuance of the search warrant but the fulfillment of the legal requisites. It might be well to point out what has been said in Asian Surety & Insurance Co., Inc. v. Herrera: ‘It has been said that of all the rights of a citizen, few are of greater importance or more essential to his peace and happiness than the right of personal security, and that involves the exemption of his private affairs, books and papers from inspection and scrutiny of others. While the power to search and seize is necessary to the public welfare, still it must be exercised and the law enforced without transgressing the constitutional rights of the citizens, for the enforcement of no statute is of sufficient importance to justify indifference to the basic principles of government." "Thus, in issuing a search warrant the Judge must strictly comply with the requirements of the Constitution and the statutory provisions. A liberal construction should be given in favor of the individual to prevent stealthy encroachment upon, or gradual depreciation of the rights secured by the Constitution. No presumption of regularity are to be invoked in aid of the process when an officer undertakes to justify it."


D E C I S I O N


NARVASA, J.:


A claim for alleged unpaid commissions of an agent is what is basically involved in the action at bar. Somehow, it twice escaped outright rejection for lack of jurisdiction in the Department of Labor where the case was resolved at the first instance and on appeal. Both the Labor Arbiter and the National Labor Relations Commission appeared unaware of the utter lack of labor-related issues in the parties’ conflicting contentions as to the existence of agency relations between them, and proceeded to decide the case. Neither of them of course had competence to do so. Be that as it may, the instant petition for certiorari will be decided on its merits to the end that the controversy may now be laid to rest without further proceedings.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary

The protagonists in this case are:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library

1) Marcelina A. Escandor — engaged, under the name and style of Guardex Enterprises, in (a) the manufacture and sale of fire-fighting equipment such as fire extinguishers, fire hose cabinets and related products, and (b) occasionally, the building or fabrication of fire trucks; and

2) Jumbee Orbeta — a "freelance" salesman. 1

It appears that Orbeta somehow learned that Escandor had offered to fabricate a fire truck for Rubberworld (Phil.) Inc. He wrote to Escandor inquiring about the amount of commission for the sale of a fire truck. Escandor wrote back on the same day to advise that it was P15,000.00 per unit. Four days later, Orbeta offered to look after (follow-up) Escandor’s pending proposal to sell a fire truck to Rubberworld, and asked for P250.00 as representation expenses. Escandor agreed and gave him the money.

When no word was received by Escandor from Orbeta after three days, she herself inquired in writing from Rubberworld about her offer of sale of a fire truck. Having apparently received an encouraging response, Escandor sent Rubberworld a revised price quotation some ten days later.

In the meantime, Orbeta sold to other individuals some of Escandor’s fire extinguishers, receiving traveling expenses in connection therewith as well as the corresponding commissions. He then dropped out of sight.

About seven months afterwards, Escandor herself finally concluded a contract with Rubberworld for the latter’s purchase of a fire truck. The transaction was consummated with the delivery of the truck and full payment thereof by Rubberworld.

At this point, Orbeta suddenly reappeared and asked for his commission for the sale of the fire truck to Rubberworld. Escandor refused, saying that he had had nothing to do with the offer, negotiation and consummation of the sale.

Insisting that he was entitled to the commission, Orbeta filed a complaint against Escandor with the Ministry of Labor. The Labor Arbiter agreed with him and rendered judgment in his favor, on August 26, 1982. That judgment was affirmed by the National Labor Relations Commission on December 29, 1983, on appeal taken by Escandor. 2 Hence, this petition for certiorari, to annul those judgments as having been rendered with grave abuse of discretion if not indeed without or in excess of jurisdiction.

It is claimed that an implied agency had been created between Escandor and Orbeta on the basis of the following circumstances:chanrobles virtual lawlibrary

1) the alleged verbal authority given to him to offer a fire truck to Rubberworld;

2) the alleged written authority to sell the truck contained in a letter of Escandor’s dated August 14, 1978;

3) Escandor’s having given Orbeta P250.00 as representation expenses; and

4) Orbeta’s submission of a price quotation to Rubberworld and his having arranged a meeting between Escandor and Rubberworld’s Purchasing Manager.

The circumstances have not been correctly read by Orbeta and his co-respondents.

Escandor denies that she had ever given Orbeta any such verbal authority. Indeed, months prior to Orbeta’s approaching Escandor, the latter had already made a written offer of a fire truck to Rubberworld. All that she consented to was for Orbeta to "follow up" that pending offer. In truth, it does not even appear that on the strength of this "arrangement" — vague as it was — Orbeta undertook the promised follow-up at all. He reported nothing of his efforts or their fruits to Escandor. It was Escandor who, in the months that followed her initial meeting with Orbeta, determinedly pushed the Rubberworld deal. Orbeta was simply nowhere to be found. Furthermore, it seems fairly evident that the "representation allowance" of P250 was meant to cover the expenses for the "follow-up" offered by Orbeta — an ambiguous fact which does not of itself suggest the creation of an agency and is not at all inconsistent with the theory of its absence in this case.

Even a finding that under these circumstances, an agency had indeed been constituted will not save the day for Orbeta, because nothing in the record tends to prove that he succeeded in carrying out its terms or even as much as attempted to do so. The evidence in fact clearly indicates otherwise. The terms of Escandor’s letter of August 14, 1978 — assuming that it was indeed an "authority to sell," as Orbeta insists — are to the effect that entitlement to the P15,000 commission is contingent on the purchase by a customer of a fire truck, the implicit condition being that the agent would earn the commission if he was instrumental in bringing the sale about. Orbeta certainly had nothing to do with the sale of the fire truck, and is not therefore entitled to any commission at all.

Furthermore, even if Orbeta is considered to have been Escandor’s agent for the time he was supposed to "follow up" the offer to sell, such agency would have been deemed revoked upon the resumption of direct negotiations between Escandor and Rubberworld, Orbeta having in the meantime abandoned all efforts (if indeed any were exerted) to secure the deal in Escandor’s behalf.chanrobles law library : red

It has of course already been stated at the outset that, given the sole issue raised by the parties concededly from the case’s inception (i.e., whether or not Orbeta is Escandor’s agent as regards the sale of a fire truck to Rubberworld), the competence to resolve the controversy did not pertain to either the Labor Arbiter or the NLRC. The jurisdiction vested in them by the Labor Code extends, generally speaking, only to cases arising from employer-employee relationships.3 What has all along been at issue here, as advanced by the parties themselves and as is evident from the facts, is the existence of a contract of agency 4 — not employment or lease of services. It is indeed a puzzle how the fundamental differences between the two 5 altogether escaped not only the parties’ counsel in this case but also the tribunals before which it had been brought. Nevertheless, since no one has thought to question their authority even up to this late stage, as in fact all the parties appear to have completely accepted the validity of their exercise of jurisdiction over the case, the Court has opted, as already stated, to render judgment on its merits and end the controversy once and for all. 6

WHEREFORE, the petition for certiorari is GRANTED, and the judgment of the National Labor Relations Commission dated December 29, 1983, and that of the Labor Arbiter dated August 26, 1982, are hereby REVERSED and SET ASIDE and another one rendered dismissing respondent Jumbee Orbeta’s claim for unpaid commissions.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary

SO ORDERED.

Cruz, Gancayco, Griño-Aquino and Medialdea, JJ., concur.

Endnotes:



1. Rollo, p. 14.

2. Id., pp. 52-53.

3. which arise from "contracts of labor" treated of in Chapter 3, Title VIII Book IV of the Civil Code. As provided by Art. 1700 thereof, an employment contract or lease of service (as it is referred to in Arts. 1642 and 1644 of the Civil Code) is "subject to the special laws on labor unions, collective bargaining, strikes and lockouts, closed shop, wages, working conditions, hours of labor and similar subjects" — which in this jurisdiction is the Labor Code and other labor laws. SEE Art. 217 of the Labor Code for the jurisdiction of the Labor Arbiter and the NLRC.

4. Treated of in Title X, Book IV, Civil Code (Arts. 1868, et seq.).

5. Both involve the rendition of services by one party to the other, but the similarity ends there. The basis of agency is representation, the agent being the representative of his principal, while the basis of lease of service is employment. (Nielson & Company, Inc. v. Lepanto Consolidated Mining, 26 SCRA 540). Agency is merely a preparatory contract which empowers the agent to execute juridical acts to bring about contractual relations between his principal and third persons (Padilla, Civil Code Annotated, [1987 ed.], Vol. VI., pp. 248-249, citing Nielson & Company, Inc. v. Lepanto Consolidated Mining, supra, and Philippine Free Press v. P. Floro & Sons, Inc., 21 SCRA CAR [2s] 601, 606.

6. SEE Tijam v. Sibonghanoy, 23 SCRA 29.




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  • G.R. No. 74761 November 6, 1990 - NATIVIDAD V. ANDAMO, ET AL. v. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 86953 November 6, 1990 - MARINE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC. v. RAINERIO O. REYES, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 68282 November 8, 1990 - RAQUEL CHAVEZ, ET AL. v. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 75450 November 8, 1990 - OSMUNDO MEDINA, ET AL. v. MACARIO A. ASISTIO, JR.

  • G.R. No. 88831 November 8, 1990 - MATEO CAASI v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 92103 November 8, 1990 - VIOLETA T. TEOLOGO v. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 71163-65 November 9, 1990 - CARLITO P. BONDOC v. SANDIGANBAYAN, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 76487 November 9, 1990 - JOHN Z. SYCIP v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 80916 November 9, 1990 - C.T. TORRES ENTERPRISES, INC. v. ROMEO J. HIBIONADA, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 83897 November 9, 1990 - ESTEBAN B. UY, JR., ET AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 85740 November 9, 1990 - MANUEL P. PARCON v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 92024 November 9, 1990 - ENRIQUE T. GARCIA v. BOARD OF INVESTMENTS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 92349 November 9, 1990 - MARIA LUISA ESTOESTA v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 92481 November 9, 1990 - MANUEL G. VIRAY, ET AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 94291 November 9, 1990 - DAGUPAN BUS COMPANY, INC. v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 94339 November 9, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. ROLANDO TALINGDAN, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 59957 November 12, 1990 - CENTRAL BANK OF THE PHIL, ET AL. v. RAFAEL DE LA CRUZ, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 72603 November 12, 1990 - GALICANO CALAPATIA, JR. v. HACIENDA BENITO, INC., ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 87760-61 November 12, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. JULIO TENEBRO

  • G.R. No. 90653 November 12, 1990 - POLICARPIO CAPULE, ET AL. v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 74048 November 14, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. ROLANDO CRUZ

  • G.R. No. 79673 November 15, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. WARLITO FABRO

  • G.R. No. 85976 November 15, 1990 - JOSE CESAR D. SIMPAO v. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 48646 November 16, 1990 - STAR FORWARDERS, INC. v. MIGUEL R. NAVARRO, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 72110 November 16, 1990 - ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP OF MALOLOS, INC. v. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 76113 November 16, 1990 - D.P. LUB OIL MARKETING CENTER, INC. v. RAUL NICOLAS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 84873 November 16, 1990 - ERLE PENDON v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 87636 November 19, 1990 - NEPTALI A. GONZALES, ET AL. v. CATALINO MACARAIG, JR., ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 66541 November 20, 1990 - GUARDEX ENTERPRISES, ET AL. v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 80201 November 20, 1990 - ANTONIO GARCIA, JR. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 80406 November 20, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. BENITO I. ESPIRITU, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 47210 November 21, 1990 - LECAROZ TRANSIT, ET AL. v. SECRETARY OF LABOR, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 78714 November 21, 1990 - F. DAVID ENTERPRISES, ET AL. v. INSULAR BANK OF ASIA AND AMERICA, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 86500 November 21, 1990 - LEONARDO SALAS v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 89418-19 November 21, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. RODOLFO ASPILI, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 90591 November 21, 1990 - AMOR D. DELOSO v. MANUEL C. DOMINGO, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 90669 November 21, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. GERRY V. MAÑAGO

  • G.R. No. 92358 November 21, 1990 - OSCAR M. ORBOS, ET AL. v. LEOPOLDO F. BUNGUBUNG, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 94173 November 21, 1990 - DANIEL L. BOCOBO v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 49664-67 November 22, 1990 - PANTRANCO SOUTH EXPRESS, INC. v. BOARD OF TRANSPORTATION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 79119 November 22, 1990 - VICTORINO E. DAY v. REGIONAL TRIAL COURT OF ZAMBOANGA CITY, BRANCH XIII, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 82978 November 22, 1990 - MANILA REMNANT CO., INC. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 93212 November 22, 1990 - DIOSDADO DE VERA, ET AL. v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 53967 November 26, 1990 - ALFREDO VELASCO, ET AL. v. BLAS OPLE, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 75369 November 26, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. FERNANDO J. ILIGAN, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 83385 November 26, 1990 - GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM v. SANDIGANBAYAN, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 86791 November 26, 1990 - ZENAIDA BOLOR CHANG v. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 58876 November 27, 1990 - ANICETO RAMOS v. SANDIGANBAYAN, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 74223 November 27, 1990 - JUNE PRILL BRETT, ET AL. v. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT, ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 84572-73 November 27, 1990 - ALFONSO O. AJEJANDRO v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 90314 November 27, 1990 - LOIDA Q. SHAUF, ET AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • A.C. No. 2115 November 27, 1990 - FELICIDAD BARIÑAN TAN v. GALILEO J. TROCIO

  • G.R. Nos. 91592-93 November 28, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. BENJAMIN JOLIPAS

  • G.R. No. 72781 November 29, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. BERNARDO D. VILORIA, JR.

  • G.R. No. 64398 November 6, 1990 - JOSE CHING SUI YONG v. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 74761 November 6, 1990 - NATIVIDAD V. ANDAMO, ET AL. v. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 86953 November 6, 1990 - MARINE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC. v. RAINERIO O. REYES, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 68282 November 8, 1990 - RAQUEL CHAVEZ, ET AL. v. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 75450 November 8, 1990 - OSMUNDO MEDINA, ET AL. v. MACARIO A. ASISTIO, JR.

  • G.R. No. 88831 November 8, 1990 - MATEO CAASI v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 92103 November 8, 1990 - VIOLETA T. TEOLOGO v. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 71163-65 November 9, 1990 - CARLITO P. BONDOC v. SANDIGANBAYAN, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 76487 November 9, 1990 - JOHN Z. SYCIP v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 80916 November 9, 1990 - C.T. TORRES ENTERPRISES, INC. v. ROMEO J. HIBIONADA, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 83897 November 9, 1990 - ESTEBAN B. UY, JR., ET AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 85740 November 9, 1990 - MANUEL P. PARCON v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 92024 November 9, 1990 - ENRIQUE T. GARCIA v. BOARD OF INVESTMENTS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 92349 November 9, 1990 - MARIA LUISA ESTOESTA v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 92481 November 9, 1990 - MANUEL G. VIRAY, ET AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 94291 November 9, 1990 - DAGUPAN BUS COMPANY, INC. v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 94339 November 9, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. ROLANDO TALINGDAN, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 59957 November 12, 1990 - CENTRAL BANK OF THE PHIL, ET AL. v. RAFAEL DE LA CRUZ, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 72603 November 12, 1990 - GALICANO CALAPATIA, JR. v. HACIENDA BENITO, INC., ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 87760-61 November 12, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. JULIO TENEBRO

  • G.R. No. 90653 November 12, 1990 - POLICARPIO CAPULE, ET AL. v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 74048 November 14, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. ROLANDO CRUZ

  • G.R. No. 79673 November 15, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. WARLITO FABRO

  • G.R. No. 85976 November 15, 1990 - JOSE CESAR D. SIMPAO v. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 48646 November 16, 1990 - STAR FORWARDERS, INC. v. MIGUEL R. NAVARRO, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 72110 November 16, 1990 - ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP OF MALOLOS, INC. v. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 76113 November 16, 1990 - D.P. LUB OIL MARKETING CENTER, INC. v. RAUL NICOLAS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 84873 November 16, 1990 - ERLE PENDON v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 87636 November 19, 1990 - NEPTALI A. GONZALES, ET AL. v. CATALINO MACARAIG, JR., ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 66541 November 20, 1990 - GUARDEX ENTERPRISES, ET AL. v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 80201 November 20, 1990 - ANTONIO GARCIA, JR. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 80406 November 20, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. BENITO I. ESPIRITU, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 47210 November 21, 1990 - LECAROZ TRANSIT, ET AL. v. SECRETARY OF LABOR, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 78714 November 21, 1990 - F. DAVID ENTERPRISES, ET AL. v. INSULAR BANK OF ASIA AND AMERICA, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 86500 November 21, 1990 - LEONARDO SALAS v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 89418-19 November 21, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. RODOLFO ASPILI, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 90591 November 21, 1990 - AMOR D. DELOSO v. MANUEL C. DOMINGO, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 90669 November 21, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. GERRY V. MAÑAGO

  • G.R. No. 92358 November 21, 1990 - OSCAR M. ORBOS, ET AL. v. LEOPOLDO F. BUNGUBUNG, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 94173 November 21, 1990 - DANIEL L. BOCOBO v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 49664-67 November 22, 1990 - PANTRANCO SOUTH EXPRESS, INC. v. BOARD OF TRANSPORTATION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 79119 November 22, 1990 - VICTORINO E. DAY v. REGIONAL TRIAL COURT OF ZAMBOANGA CITY, BRANCH XIII, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 82978 November 22, 1990 - MANILA REMNANT CO., INC. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 93212 November 22, 1990 - DIOSDADO DE VERA, ET AL. v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 53967 November 26, 1990 - ALFREDO VELASCO, ET AL. v. BLAS OPLE, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 75369 November 26, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. FERNANDO J. ILIGAN, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 83385 November 26, 1990 - GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM v. SANDIGANBAYAN, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 86791 November 26, 1990 - ZENAIDA BOLOR CHANG v. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 58876 November 27, 1990 - ANICETO RAMOS v. SANDIGANBAYAN, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 74223 November 27, 1990 - JUNE PRILL BRETT, ET AL. v. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT, ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 84572-73 November 27, 1990 - ALFONSO O. AJEJANDRO v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 90314 November 27, 1990 - LOIDA Q. SHAUF, ET AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • A.C. No. 2115 November 27, 1990 - FELICIDAD BARIÑAN TAN v. GALILEO J. TROCIO

  • G.R. Nos. 91592-93 November 28, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. BENJAMIN JOLIPAS

  • G.R. No. 72781 November 29, 1990 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. BERNARDO D. VILORIA, JR.