Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence


Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 1995 > March 1995 Decisions > Adm. Matter No. MTJ-94-1000 March 22, 1995 - ARCHIMEDES P. CARDINES, ET AL. v. GREGORIO L. ROSETE:




PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

FIRST DIVISION

[Adm. Matter No. MTJ-94-1000. March 22, 1995.]

ARCHIMEDES P. CARDINES, NOEL L. VISQUERA, ROLLY ACOSTA and RONALDO MACABUNGA, Complainants, v. JUDGE GREGORIO L. ROSETE, 4TH MCTC, MONCADA-SAN MANUEL-ANAO, TARLAC, Respondent.


SYLLABUS


1. REMEDIAL LAW; CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; BAIL APPLICABLE LAW IN CASE AT BAR. — The law existing at the time of the alleged illegal recruitment, which was sometime in May to July 1993, and when the accused applied for bail was the 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure which took effect 1 October 1988. Particularly. Sec. 3 of Rule 114, the rule at that time was that a person under detention shall before conviction be granted bail as a matter of right. Two exceptions however were recognized: (a) when the person was charged with a capital offense, or (b) when the offense charged was punishable with reclusion perpetua in both instances when the evidence of guilt was strong. Interestingly, "life imprisonment" was not among the exceptions, which leads us to the conclusion that persons accused of crimes punishable with "life imprisonment" were entitled to bail as a matter of right.

2. ID.; ID.; ID.; LIFE IMPRISONMENT DISTINGUISHED FROM "RECLUSION PERPETUA." — "Life imprisonment" and" reclusion perpetua" are not synonymous. While "life imprisonment" may appear to be the English translation of" reclusion perpetua," in law it goes deeper than that First, "life imprisonment" is invariably imposed" for serious offenses penalized by special laws. while" reclusion perpetua" is prescribed under the Revised Penal Code. Second, "life imprisonment," unlike" reclusion perpetua," does not carry with it any accessory penalty. Third, "life imprisonment" does not appear to have any definite extent or duration, while" reclusion perpetua" entails incarceration for at least thirty (30) years after which the convict becomes eligible for pardon.

3. ID.; ID.; ID.; WHEN A PERSON IS CHARGED WITH AN OFFENSE PUNISHABLE BY LIFE IMPRISONMENT, PRESENT RULE. — There is no better proof of the non-inclusion of "life imprisonment" in" reclusion perpetua" than Adm. Cir. No. 12-94 issued on 16 August 1994, which took effect 1 October 1994, amending Rule 114 of the 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure. Consequently, under Adm. Cir. No. 12-94, a person now charged with an offense punishable with death, reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment is no longer entitled to bail as a matter of right when evidence of guilt is strong. Thus, under Rule 114 as recently amended, when a person is charged with an offense which is not capital, or one which is not punishable with reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment, admission to bail is a matter of right. However, when the imposable penalty for the offense charged is death. reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment, a person charged therewith is no longer entitled to bail as a matter of right for then admission to bail as addressed to the sound discretion of the court depending on whether the evidence of guilt is strong. The prosecution which has the burden of showing that evidence of guilt is strong must be accorded an opportunity to present such evidence which the court shall consider in determining whether the accused or the person charged therefor should be granted bail. Judicial discretion must be exercised regularly, legally, and within the confines of procedural due process, i.e., after evaluation of the evidence submitted by the prosecution.

4. ID.; ID.; PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION; APPLICATION FOR BAIL; NO IRREGULARITY IN CASE AT BAR FOR SUBSEQUENT DENIAL HEREOF AND ISSUANCE OF WARRANT OF ARREST UPON FINDING PROBABLE CAUSE. — When bail is a matter of discretion and the detainee who is charged in a criminal complaint with the municipal court investigation files a motion for bail thereat, the prosecution must be given an opportunity, within a reasonable time, to present all the evidence that it may desire to introduce before resolving the motion. In the case of respondent Judge, even assuming arguendo that he did not give the prosecution an opportunity to be heard and present evidence on the guilt of the accused, he cannot be faulted because the crime charged is punishable with life imprisonment which at the time of its commission and the filing of the criminal complaint was bailable as a matter of right. Verily, respondent Judge acted accordingly in initially granting bail to the accused. The fact that respondent Judge subsequently cancelled the bonds and issued the warrants of arrest upon a finding of probable cause should not be taken against him, for again, he was only acting pursuant to Sec. 6, par. (b), Rule 112, of the 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure mandating that when a Municipal Judge is satisfied that probable cause exists after conducting preliminary investigation and finds a necessity for placing respondent under immediate custody in order not to frustrate the ends of justice, he shall issue a warrant of arrest. All told, we find no irregularity, much less gross error, on the part of respondent Judge that should subject him to administrative sanction.


R E S O L U T I O N


BELLOSILLO, J.:


Respondent Judge Gregorio L. Rosete of the 4th Municipal Circuit Trial Court of Moncada-San Manuel-Anao, Tarlac, is charged with misconduct and ignorance of the law for allegedly granting bail to Erlie U. Claro and Emilio B. Claro in conspiracy with Julieta Villanos who is his Clerk of Court and Reiner Antonio, Criminal Docket Clerk of the Regional Trial Court of Tarlac, Br. 67, knowing fully well that the charge of illegal recruitment was punishable with life imprisonment hence non-bailable.cralawnad

The records show that on 10 November 1993 SPO2 Virgilio B. Pajarillo, PNP Chief Investigator, filed a criminal complaint before the Municipal Circuit Trial Court, Moncada-San Manuel-Anao, docketed as Crim. Case No. 93-1117, charging Erlie U. Claro, Emilio B. Claro and Albert Reyes with illegal recruitment. The complaining witnesses, Archimedes Cardines, Noel Visquera, Rolly Acosta and Ronaldo Macabunga claimed that the accused, who had no license or authority to conduct recruitment and placement of workers, promised to hire them for overseas employment upon payment of a fee. The complaint was filed with respondent Judge for preliminary investigation. On 11 November 1993 a second criminal complaint for illegal recruitment (not in large scale) was filed by PNP Senior Inspector Julian A. Saygo against the same accused upon the complaint of Archimedes Cardines and Lea Cardines, docketed as Crim. Case No. 93-1118.

Upon filing of the two criminal complaints with the 4th MCTC of Moncada-San Manuel-Anao, Tarlac, Accused Erlie U. Claro and Emilio B. Claro were placed under preventive detention at the municipal jail of Moncada, Tarlac, while Albert Reyes remained at large. On 23 November 1993, upon application of the accused, respondent Judge granted them provisional liberty on a bond of P20,000.00 each on the ground that the right to bail was guaranteed by the Constitution and should not be denied the accused except those charged with a capital offense and since "the maximum penalty that could be possibly imposed in any court of justice is life imprisonment . . . the penalty therefore is still bailable." 1

However, after conducting preliminary investigation on the two complaints, respondent Judge "was convinced that the crime charged has been committed and that the accused (were) probably guilty thereof." Whereupon he canceled the bail bonds and issued warrants for their arrest. The records of the two cases were then forwarded to the Provincial Prosecutor for the filing of two (2) Informations before the Regional Trial Court — one for illegal recruitment in large scale, and another for estafa.chanrobles.com:cralaw:red

Complainants contend that one of the offenses charged is illegal recruitment in large scale constituting economic sabotage under Art. 38, par. (b), 2 of the Labor Code as it was committed against three (3) or more persons (in fact five [5] in this case) individually or as a group. Since the imposable penalty for illegal recruitment in large scale amounting to economic sabotage under Art. 39, par. (a), 3 of the Labor Code is life imprisonment and a fine of P100,000.00, the accused should not have been granted bail.

Respondent Judge refutes the charge. He maintains that under Sec. 3, Rule 114, of the 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure, the accused charged with an offense penalized with life imprisonment should be granted bail as a matter of right. He also denies that he conspired with Julieta Villanos and Reiner Antonio in releasing the accused on a bail bond of P20,000.00 each. This allegation, according to respondent Judge, is a product of complainants’ imagination borne out of their frustration having been swindled of large sums of money.

We agree with respondent Judge. The complaint is devoid of merit. The law existing at the time of the alleged illegal recruitment, which was sometime in May to July 1993, and when the accused applied for bail was the 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure which took effect 1 October 1988. Particularly, Sec. 3 of Rule 114 thereof provides —

Sec. 3. Bail, a matter of right; exception. — All persons in custody shall, before final conviction, be entitled to bail as a matter of right, except those charged with a capital offense or an offense which, under the law at the time of its commission and at the time of the application for bail, is punishable by reclusion perpetua, when evidence of guilt is strong.

Clearly, the rule at that time was that a person under detention shall before conviction be granted bail as a matter of right. Two exceptions however were recognized: (a) when the person was charged with a capital offense, or (b) when the offense charged was punishable with reclusion perpetua, in both instances when the evidence of guilt was strong. Interestingly, "life imprisonment" was not among the exceptions, which leads us to the conclusion that persons accused of crimes punishable with "life imprisonment" were entitled to bail as a matter of right.chanrobles law library : red

Apparently, complainants find difficulty dissociating the concept of "life imprisonment" from" reclusion perpetua." As we have repeatedly held, these terms are not synonymous. While "life imprisonment" may appear to be the English translation of" reclusion perpetua," in law it goes deeper than that. First, "life imprisonment" is invariably imposed for serious offenses penalized by special laws, while" reclusion perpetua" is prescribed under the Revised Penal Code. Second, "life imprisonment," unlike" reclusion perpetua," does not carry with it any accessory penalty. Third, "life imprisonment" does not appear to have any definite extent or duration, while" reclusion perpetua" entails incarceration for at least thirty (30) years after which the convict becomes eligible for pardon. 4

Perhaps, there is no better proof of the non-inclusion of "life imprisonment" in" reclusion perpetua" than Adm. Cir. No. 12-94 issued on 16 August 1994, which took effect 1 October 1994, amending Rule 114 of the 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure. Consequently, under Adm. Cir. No. 12-94, a person now charged with an offense punishable with death, reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment is no longer entitled to bail as a matter of right when evidence of guilt is strong. 5 If "life imprisonment" be considered embraced in" reclusion perpetua," as implied from complainants’ asseverations, there would have been no need for its separate inclusion in Adm. Cir. No. 12-94. Obviously, the amendments, therein cannot be applied retroactively to the present case since the application would be unfavorable to the accused.

Thus, under Rule 114 as recently amended, when a person is charged with an offense which is not capital, or one which is not punishable with reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment, admission to bail is a matter of right. However, when the imposable penalty for the offense charged is death, reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment, a person charged therewith is no longer entitled to bail as a matter of right for then admission to bail is addressed to the sound discretion of the court depending on whether the evidence of guilt is strong. The prosecution which has the burden of showing that evidence of guilt is strong 6 must be accorded an opportunity to present such evidence which the court shall consider in determining whether the accused or the person charged therefor should be granted bail. Judicial discretion must be exercised regularly, legally, and within the confines of procedural due process, i.e., after evaluation of the evidence submitted by the prosecution. 7

Consequently, when bail is a matter of discretion and the detainee who is charged in a criminal complaint with the municipal court for preliminary investigation files a motion for bail thereat, the prosecution must be given an opportunity, within a reasonable time, to present all the evidence that it may desire to introduce before resolving the motion.chanrobles law library : red

In the case of respondent Judge, even assuming arguendo that he did not give the prosecution an opportunity to be heard and present evidence on the guilt of the accused, he cannot be faulted because the crime charged is punishable with life imprisonment which at the time of its commission and the filing of the criminal complaint was bailable as a matter of right. Verily, respondent Judge acted accordingly in initially granting bail to the accused.

The fact that respondent Judge subsequently canceled the bonds and issued the warrants of arrest upon a finding of probable cause should not be taken against him, for again, he was only acting pursuant to Sec. 6, par. (b), Rule 112, of the 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure mandating that when a Municipal Judge is satisfied that probable cause exists after conducting preliminary investigation and finds a necessity for placing respondent under immediate custody in order not to frustrate the ends of justice, he shall issue a warrant of arrest. All told, we find no irregularity, much less gross error, on the part of respondent Judge that should subject him to administrative sanction.

ACCORDINGLY, the complaint against respondent Judge Gregorio L. Rosete, Municipal Circuit Trial Court, Moncada-San Manuel-Anao, Tarlac, for misconduct and gross ignorance of the law is DISMISSED for lack of merit.cralawnad

SO ORDERED

Padilla, Davide, Jr., Quiason and Kapunan, JJ., concur.

Endnotes:



1. Annex "C" of Comment of respondent Judge Rosete.

2. Art. 38. Illegal Recruitment. — . . . . (b) Illegal recruitment when committed by syndicate or in a large scale shall be considered an offense involving economic sabotage and shall be penalized in accordance with Art. 39 hereof.

Illegal recruitment is deemed committed by a syndicate if carried out by a group of three (3) or more persons conspiring and/or confederating with one another in carrying out any unlawful or illegal transaction, enterprise or scheme defined under the first paragraph hereof. Illegal recruitment is deemed committed in large scale if committed against three (3) or more persons individually or as a group.

3. Art. 39. Penalties. — (a) The penalty of life imprisonment and a fine of One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000) shall be imposed if illegal recruitment constitutes economic sabotage as defined herein . . . .

4. People v. Retuta, G.R. No. 95758, 2 August 1994, citing People v. Baguio, G.R. No. 76585, 30 April 1991, 196 SCRA 459, and People v. Penillos, G.R. No. 65673, 30 January 1992, 205 SCRA 546.

5. Sec. 4. Bail, a matter of right. — All persons in custody shall: (a) before or after conviction by the Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court in Cities and Municipal Circuit Trial Court, and (b) before conviction by the Regional Trial Court of an offense not punishable by death, reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment, be admitted to bail as a matter of right . . . .

Sec. 7. Capital offense or an offense punishable by reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment, not bailable. — No person charged with a capital offense, or an offense punishable by reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment, when evidence of guilt is strong, shall be admitted to bail regardless of the stage of the criminal prosecution.

6. Sec. 8, Rule 114 as amended by Adm. Cir. 12-94.

7. Borinaga v. Tamin, A.M. No. RTJ-93-936, 10 September 1993, 226 SCRA 206.




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  • G.R. No. 113337 March 2, 1995 - RONALD MANLIMOS, ET AL. v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION , ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 117383 March 6, 1995 - RIZAL COMMERCIAL BANKING CORP. v. LUCIA V. ISNANI, ET AL.

  • Adm. Matter No. P-95-1120 March 7, 1995 - VIRGILIO HERNANDEZ v. GAUDIOSO BORJA

  • Adm. Matter No. 94-6-189-RTC March 7, 1995 - IN RE: PARTIAL REPORT ON THE AUDIT AND INVENTORY OF CASES IN TANAUAN, BATANGAS

  • Adm. Matter No. RTJ-92-789 March 7, 1995 - REMEDIOS A. ANTONINO v. FRANCISCO X. VELEZ

  • G.R. No. 104709 March 7, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 116418 March 7, 1995 - SALVADOR C. FERNANDEZ v. HON. PATRICIA A. STO. TOMAS, ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 118577 & 118627 March 7, 1995 - JUANITO MARIANO, JR., ET AL. v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, ET AL.

  • Adm. Matter No. 93-774 March 8, 1995 - GERARDO B. PADILLA v. PAISAL M. ARABIA

  • G.R. No. 106664 March 8, 1995 - PHILIPPINE AIR LINES v. FLORANTE A. MIANO

  • G.R. No. 109140 March 8, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. ROLAND TACIPIT

  • G.R. No. 105204 March 9, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. THELMA REYES, ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 111624-25 March 9, 1995 - ALFONSO C. BINCE, JR. v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 104151 & 105563 March 10, 1995 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • Adm. Matter No. P-94-1061 March 13, 1995 - MARCOS V. PRIETO v. GODOFREDO R. CARIAGA

  • Adm. Case No. 1955 March 14, 1995 - NAPOLEON R. GONZAGA, ET AL. v. CRISANTO P. REALUBIN

  • Adm. Matter Nos. MTJ-93-853 & P-94-1013 March 14, 1995 - DOMINGO BALANTES v. JULIAN OCAMPO III

  • Adm. Matter No. MTJ-93-874 March 14, 1995 - AUGUSTUS L. MOMONGAN v. RAFAEL B. OMIPON

  • G.R. No. 112660 March 14, 1995 - SPS. ANTONIO AND VIRGINIA CHUA, ET AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • Adm. Matter No. 94-7-225-RTC March 15, 1995 - IN RE: REPORT OF NESTOR C. FLAUTA

  • G.R. No. 104109 March 15, 1995 - CONRADO MARCELO v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 112721 March 15, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. EFREN RIVERO

  • G.R. No. 115640 March 15, 1995 - REYNALDO ESPIRITU, ET AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 105606 March 16, 1995 - EUGENIA CREDO MERCER v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 112658 March 16, 1995 - WILMA CRUZ TAPALLA v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 112916 March 16, 1995 - SCOTT CONSULTANTS & RESOURCE DEVT. CORP., INC. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 113054 March 16, 1995 - LEOUEL SANTOS, SR. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 118702 March 16, 1995 - CIRILO ROY G. MONTEJO v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS

  • Adm. Matter No. 94-3-20-MCTC March 17, 1995 - IN RE: REPORT ON TERESITA S. SABIDO

  • Adm. Matter No. MTJ-94-1012 March 20, 1995 - JOHAN L.H. WINGARTS, ET AL. v. SERVILLANO M. MEJIA

  • G.R. No. 96288 March 20, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. RICARDO D. NEMERIA

  • G.R. No. 101338 March 20, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. CRISALITO A. TABARNO, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 104399 March 20, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. ANTONIO G. ALVARADO

  • G.R. No. 106718 March 20, 1995 - GREGORIO MA. ARANETA III v. SANDIGANBAYAN, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 109373 March 20, 1995 - PACIFIC BANKING CORPORATION EMPLOYEES ORGANIZATION, ET AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 112381 March 20, 1995 - ISABELO APA, ET AL. v. RUMOLDO R. FERNANDEZ, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 116049 March 20, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. EUSTAQUIO Z. GACOTT, JR., ET AL.

  • Adm. Matter No. P-94-1045 March 21, 1995 - BRAULIO D. YARANON v. JONATHAN RULLODA

  • G.R. Nos. 105536-37 March 21, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. WILFREDO T. ABENDAÑO

  • Adm. Matter No. MTJ-94-1000 March 22, 1995 - ARCHIMEDES P. CARDINES, ET AL. v. GREGORIO L. ROSETE

  • G.R. No. 112983 March 22, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. HECTOR MAQUEDA, ET AL.

  • Adm. Matter Nos. RTJ-941140 & RTJ-94-1218 March 23, 1995 - NOE CANGCO ZARATE v. ROBERTO B. ROMANILLOS

  • G.R. No. 95031 March 23, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. MARIO GUERRERO

  • G.R. No. 111581 March 23, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. SILVESTRE MIRANDAY, ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 111956 & 111958-61 March 23, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. ARMANDO V. PADILLA

  • G.R. No. 116623 March 23, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL., ET AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 116820 March 23, 1995 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 93436 March 24, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. MELCHOR B. REAL

  • Adm. Matter No. MTJ-92-713 March 27, 1995 - GLENITA S. LEGASPI v. FRANCISCO A. GARRETE

  • Adm. Matter No. P-92-766 March 27, 1995 - LOURDES SUMALJAG EVANGELISTA v. LUISA PENSERGA

  • Adm. Matter No. MTJ-94-902 March 27, 1995 - EMETERIO L. ASINAS, JR. v. ERNESTO T. TRINIDAD

  • G.R. No. 82407 March 27, 1995 - LUIS C. CLEMENTE, ET AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 87235 March 27, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. DANILO PLAZA

  • G.R. Nos. 103803-04 March 27, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. SOCRATES ROUS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 106573 March 27, 1995 - ANTONIO CHUA v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 116272 March 27, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. NOEL PAGUNTALAN, ET AL.

  • Adm. Case No. 3701 March 28, 1995 - PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK v. TELESFORO S. CEDO

  • G.R. No. 113795 March 28, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. JESUS ESPINOSA, JR., ET AL.

  • Adm. Matter No. 94-1-061-SC March 29, 1995 - JOAQUIN YUSECO, ET AL. v. JUANITO A. BERNAD

  • Adm. Matter No. MTJ-92-706 March 29, 1995 - LUPO ALMODIEL ATIENZA v. FRANCISCO F. BRILLANTES, JR.,

  • G.R. No. 87163 March 29, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. ROLANDO CASINGAL, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 100514 March 29, 1995 - ZAMBOANGA CITY ELECTRIC COOP. v. MUSIB M. BUAT, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 110812 March 29, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. ARTEMIO GAPASAN

  • G.R. Nos. 115908-09 March 29, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. DANNY GODOY

  • Adm. Case No. 2936 March 31, 1995 - CESAR V. ROCES v. JOSE G. APORTADERA

  • G.R. No. 80225 March 31, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. JOSE SOLDAO, ET AL.

  • G.R. Nos. 106541-42 March 31, 1995 - PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. v. MENANDRO TRIMOR

  • G.R. No. 107356 March 31, 1995 - SINGAPORE AIRLINES LIMITED v. COURT OF APPEALS , ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 107916 March 31, 1995 - PERCIVAL MODAY, ET AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 109444 March 31, 1995 - DELANO T. PADILLA v. PATRICIA STO. TOMAS

  • G.R. Nos. 109638-39 March 31, 1995 - FLORENCIO D. FIANZA v. PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 112130 March 31, 1995 - CHUA TIONG TAY v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 113658 March 31, 1995 - PABLO A. COYOCA v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION

  • G.R. No. 115863 March 31, 1995 - AIDA D. EUGENIO v. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, ET AL.

  • G.R. No. 116041 March 31, 1995 - NESCITO C. HILARIO v. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, ET AL.