July 1997 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
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G.R. No. 126556 July 28, 1997 - NELSON C. DAVID v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.:
THIRD DIVISION
[G.R. No. 126556. July 28, 1997.]
NELSON C. DAVID, Petitioner, v. COURT OF APPEALS AND PETRON CORPORATION, Respondents.
Gancayco, Nibungco & Balasbas for Petitioner.
Gutierrez Sundiam & Villanueva for Private Respondent.
SYNOPSIS
Can the Regional Trial Court order the partial execution of judgment pending appeal with the Court of Appeals to the extent of P50 million out of an award of P1,291,456,320.00 to be paid by Petron Corporation on the posting of a bond by plaintiff to answer for damages?
The Supreme Court held that the mere issuance of a bond to answer for damages is no longer considered a good reason for execution pending appeal but instead there must exist superior circumstances demanding urgency that will outweigh the injury or damages should the losing party secure a reversal of the judgment.
Can the Regional Trial Court order the partial execution of judgment pending appeal with the Court of Appeals to the extent of P50 million out of an award of P1,291,456,320.00 to be paid by Petron Corporation on the posting of a bond by plaintiff to answer for damages?
The Supreme Court held that the mere issuance of a bond to answer for damages is no longer considered a good reason for execution pending appeal but instead there must exist superior circumstances demanding urgency that will outweigh the injury or damages should the losing party secure a reversal of the judgment.
The Supreme Court held that the mere issuance of a bond to answer for damages is no longer considered a good reason for execution pending appeal but instead there must exist superior circumstances demanding urgency that will outweigh the injury or damages should the losing party secure a reversal of the judgment.
Can the Regional Trial Court order the partial execution of judgment pending appeal with the Court of Appeals to the extent of P50 million out of an award of P1,291,456,320.00 to be paid by Petron Corporation on the posting of a bond by plaintiff to answer for damages?
The Supreme Court held that the mere issuance of a bond to answer for damages is no longer considered a good reason for execution pending appeal but instead there must exist superior circumstances demanding urgency that will outweigh the injury or damages should the losing party secure a reversal of the judgment.
SYLLABUS
1. REMEDIAL LAW; CIVIL PROCEDURE; JUDGMENT; EXECUTION PENDING APPEAL; REQUIRES A GOOD REASON; ISSUANCE OF BOND FOR DAMAGES, NOT SUFFICIENT. — The execution of a judgment before becoming final by reason of appeal is recognized. However, this highly exceptional case must find itself firmly founded upon good reasons for such execution. Here, the basis relied upon by the regional trial court does not constitute good reason or reasons for the execution of the judgment pending appeal even though such execution was only a partial of the judgment, the amount awarded being in the substantial amount of P50 million pesos. The posting of a corresponding bond to answer for damages does not cure the insufficiency or lack of good reason.
2. ID.; ID.; CERTIORARI; GRAVE ABUSE OF DISCRETION; PROPER AGAINST AN ORDER OF EXECUTION PENDING APPEAL NOT FOUNDED ON GOOD REASONS. — Certiorari lies against an order granting execution pending appeal where the same is not founded upon good reason. The fact that the losing party had also appealed from the judgment does not bar the certiorari proceedings as the appeal could not be an adequate remedy from such premature execution. (Jaca v. Davao Lumber Co., 113 SCRA 107 [1982])
3. ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; RULING THEREIN CANNOT BE EXTENDED TO EXPAND THE DECISION. — The Court of Appeals fell into the error of expressing its opinion on the validity of Municipal Ordinance No. 90. Such obiter dictum must be disregarded. The ruling of the Court of Appeals dismissing the petition for certiorari finding no grave abuse of discretion cannot be duly extended to expand the main thrust of the said decision beyond its true import.
2. ID.; ID.; CERTIORARI; GRAVE ABUSE OF DISCRETION; PROPER AGAINST AN ORDER OF EXECUTION PENDING APPEAL NOT FOUNDED ON GOOD REASONS. — Certiorari lies against an order granting execution pending appeal where the same is not founded upon good reason. The fact that the losing party had also appealed from the judgment does not bar the certiorari proceedings as the appeal could not be an adequate remedy from such premature execution. (Jaca v. Davao Lumber Co., 113 SCRA 107 [1982])
3. ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; RULING THEREIN CANNOT BE EXTENDED TO EXPAND THE DECISION. — The Court of Appeals fell into the error of expressing its opinion on the validity of Municipal Ordinance No. 90. Such obiter dictum must be disregarded. The ruling of the Court of Appeals dismissing the petition for certiorari finding no grave abuse of discretion cannot be duly extended to expand the main thrust of the said decision beyond its true import.
R E S O L U T I O N
MELO, J.:
The petition for review before us questions the April 24, 1996 decision and October 7, 1996 resolution of respondent Court of Appeals which declared void a special order of Branch 4 of the Regional Trial Court of the Third Judicial Region stationed at Balanga, Bataan, ordering partial execution pending appeal to the extent of P50 million out of an award of P1,291,456,320.00 to be paid by Petron Corporation. The award is for the use of water over a 3-year period beginning 1992 up to 1994. The Sangguniang Bayan of the Municipality of Limay, Bataan, passed Municipal Ordinance No. 90 charging private respondent Petron Corporation the amount of approximately P430 million per year for the use of the municipality’s water. Private respondent questioned the legality of the said ordinance before the above-named regional trial court, claiming, among other things, that it does not consume more than P7 million worth of water per year.
The regional trial court rendered judgment upholding the validity of the aforementioned ordinance. Private respondent elevated the matter to the Court of Appeals where its appeal is now pending, docketed as CA-G.R. No. CV-52293. Meanwhile, before perfection of the appeal, petitioner filed a motion for partial execution pending appeal. As earlier mentioned, the regional trial court issued the order granting partial execution to the extent of P50 million. This order was questioned before respondent Court of Appeals by way of a petition for certiorari. The Court of Appeals, finding grave abuse of discretion on the part of the regional trial court for ordering the partial execution pending appeal, resolved to set aside the order. Hence, the present recourse by way of a petition for review.
The Court finds no reversible error committed by respondent Court of Appeal in setting aside the order of the regional trial court which granted partial execution pending appeal.
The then prevailing rule invoked by petitioner and accordingly applied by the regional trial court was Section 2, Rule 39 of the former Rules of Court which provides:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Sec. 2. Execution Pending Appeal. — On motion of the prevailing party with notice to the adverse party, the court may, in its discretion, order execution to issue even before the expiration of the time to appeal, upon good reasons to be stated in a special order. If a record on appeal is filed thereafter the motion and the special order shall be included therein.
The execution of a judgment before becoming final by reason of appeal is recognized. However, this highly exceptional case must find itself firmly founded upon good reasons for such execution. For instance, execution pending appeal was granted by this Court where the prevailing party is of advanced age and in a precarious state of health and the obligation in the judgment is non-transmissible, being for support (De Leon v. Soriano, 95 Phil. 806 [1954]), or where the judgment debtor is insolvent (Padilla v. Court of Appeals, 53 SCRA 168 [1973]). Execution pending appeal was also allowed by this Court where defendants were exhausting their income and have no other property aside from the proceeds of the subdivision lots subject of the action (Lao v. Mencias, 21 SCRA 1021 [1967]).cralawnad
Mere issuance of a bond to answer for damages is no longer considered a good reason for execution pending appeal. This was expounded in Roxas v. Court of Appeals (157 SCRA 370 [1988]), thus:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Execution pending appeal in accordance with Section 2 of Rule 39 is, of course, the exception. Normally, execution of a judgment should not be had until and unless it has become final and executory — i.e., the right of appeal has been renounced or waived, the period for appeal has lapsed without an appeal having been taken, or appeal having been taken, the appeal has been resolved and the records of the case have been returned to the court of origin — in which case, execution "shall issue as a matter of right."cralaw virtua1aw library
On the other hand, when the period of appeal has not expired, execution of the judgment should not be allowed, save only if there be good reasons therefor, in the court’s discretion. "As provided in Section 2, Rule 39 of the . . . Rules . . ., the existence of good reasons is what confers discretionary power on a Court . . . to issue a writ of execution pending appeal. The reasons allowing execution must constitute superior circumstances demanding urgency which will outweigh the injury or damages should the losing party secure a reversal of the judgment."cralaw virtua1aw library
It is not intended obviously that execution pending appeal shall issue as a matter of course. "Good reasons, special, important, pressing reasons must exist to justify it; otherwise, instead of an instrument of solicitude and justice, it may well become a tool of oppression and inequity. But to consider the mere posting of a bond a "good reason" would precisely make immediate execution of a judgment pending appeal routinary, the rule rather than the exception. Judgments would be executed immediately, as a matter of course, once rendered, if all that the prevailing party needed to do was to post a bond to answer for damages that might result therefrom. This is a situation, to repeat, neither contemplated nor intended by law.
(pp. 377-378.)
Respondent court’s basis for setting aside the trial court’s order for the partial execution of the judgment pending appeal is herein quoted as follows:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
The special reasons which prompted the court a quo to grant the petition for execution pending appeal are not the special reasons contemplated by the rules in this particular case. There is no urgency or immediate necessity in the execution of the P50,000,000.00 allowed by the trial court. It is of judicial notice that aside from the regular income of the Municipality of Limay, Bataan derived from local taxes, it also receives regular allotment from the national government for its daily operation. The immediate release of the P50,000,000.00 from Petron to the respondent Municipality of Limay, Bataan is not so urgent that its non-release will cause the paralization of the governmental function of the town.
It is likewise unrebutted by respondents in their rejoinder that Petron pays around P46,620,916.22 in realty taxes and fees yearly to the town of Limay, Bataan. This amount plus the subsidy it receives from the national government and the direct incomes from taxes and other fees it collects can be appropriated for its infrastructure projects.
(pp. 23-24, Rollo.)
This Court upholds respondent Court of Appeals’ ruling that the basis relied upon by the regional trial court does not constitute good reason or reasons for the execution of the judgment pending appeal even though such execution was only a partial of the judgment, the amount awarded being in the substantial amount of P50 million pesos. The posting of a corresponding bond to answer for damages does not cure the insufficiency or lack of good reason.
Certiorari lies against an order granting execution pending appeal where the same is not founded upon good reason. The fact that the losing party had also appealed from the judgment does not bar the certiorari proceedings as the appeal could not be an adequate remedy from such premature execution. (Jaca v. Davao Lumber Co., 113 SCRA 107 [1982]).
The Court of Appeals, while recognizing that it should defer ruling on the correctness of the judgment sought to be executed, as the merits of the case itself were duly submitted to the jurisdiction of the said court in the proper case — by way of regular appeal, nonetheless fell into the error of expressing its opinion on the validity of Municipal Ordinance No. 90 (See: pp. 13-14, Decision, pp. 249-250, Rollo.) Such obiter dictum of the Court of Appeals must be disregarded in the light of Silverio v. Court of Appeals (141 SCRA 527 [1986]), where in a similar case involving the issue of the order of execution pending appeal, we held that the ruling of the Court of Appeals dismissing the petition for certiorari finding no grave abuse of discretion cannot be duly extended to expand the main thrust of the said decision beyond its true import.chanroblesvirtual|awlibrary
In this resolution, therefore, this Court purposely limits itself to resolving only to the wisdom of the trial court’s exercise of discretion in ordering the execution of the judgment pending appeal. It is imperative that we allow the main appeal, CA-G.R. No. CV-52293, pending before the Court of Appeals to take its normal course.
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the instant petition is hereby DENIED for lack of merit.
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., Francisco and Panganiban, JJ., concur.
Narvasa, C.J., is on leave.
The regional trial court rendered judgment upholding the validity of the aforementioned ordinance. Private respondent elevated the matter to the Court of Appeals where its appeal is now pending, docketed as CA-G.R. No. CV-52293. Meanwhile, before perfection of the appeal, petitioner filed a motion for partial execution pending appeal. As earlier mentioned, the regional trial court issued the order granting partial execution to the extent of P50 million. This order was questioned before respondent Court of Appeals by way of a petition for certiorari. The Court of Appeals, finding grave abuse of discretion on the part of the regional trial court for ordering the partial execution pending appeal, resolved to set aside the order. Hence, the present recourse by way of a petition for review.
The Court finds no reversible error committed by respondent Court of Appeal in setting aside the order of the regional trial court which granted partial execution pending appeal.
The then prevailing rule invoked by petitioner and accordingly applied by the regional trial court was Section 2, Rule 39 of the former Rules of Court which provides:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Sec. 2. Execution Pending Appeal. — On motion of the prevailing party with notice to the adverse party, the court may, in its discretion, order execution to issue even before the expiration of the time to appeal, upon good reasons to be stated in a special order. If a record on appeal is filed thereafter the motion and the special order shall be included therein.
The execution of a judgment before becoming final by reason of appeal is recognized. However, this highly exceptional case must find itself firmly founded upon good reasons for such execution. For instance, execution pending appeal was granted by this Court where the prevailing party is of advanced age and in a precarious state of health and the obligation in the judgment is non-transmissible, being for support (De Leon v. Soriano, 95 Phil. 806 [1954]), or where the judgment debtor is insolvent (Padilla v. Court of Appeals, 53 SCRA 168 [1973]). Execution pending appeal was also allowed by this Court where defendants were exhausting their income and have no other property aside from the proceeds of the subdivision lots subject of the action (Lao v. Mencias, 21 SCRA 1021 [1967]).cralawnad
Mere issuance of a bond to answer for damages is no longer considered a good reason for execution pending appeal. This was expounded in Roxas v. Court of Appeals (157 SCRA 370 [1988]), thus:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Execution pending appeal in accordance with Section 2 of Rule 39 is, of course, the exception. Normally, execution of a judgment should not be had until and unless it has become final and executory — i.e., the right of appeal has been renounced or waived, the period for appeal has lapsed without an appeal having been taken, or appeal having been taken, the appeal has been resolved and the records of the case have been returned to the court of origin — in which case, execution "shall issue as a matter of right."cralaw virtua1aw library
On the other hand, when the period of appeal has not expired, execution of the judgment should not be allowed, save only if there be good reasons therefor, in the court’s discretion. "As provided in Section 2, Rule 39 of the . . . Rules . . ., the existence of good reasons is what confers discretionary power on a Court . . . to issue a writ of execution pending appeal. The reasons allowing execution must constitute superior circumstances demanding urgency which will outweigh the injury or damages should the losing party secure a reversal of the judgment."cralaw virtua1aw library
It is not intended obviously that execution pending appeal shall issue as a matter of course. "Good reasons, special, important, pressing reasons must exist to justify it; otherwise, instead of an instrument of solicitude and justice, it may well become a tool of oppression and inequity. But to consider the mere posting of a bond a "good reason" would precisely make immediate execution of a judgment pending appeal routinary, the rule rather than the exception. Judgments would be executed immediately, as a matter of course, once rendered, if all that the prevailing party needed to do was to post a bond to answer for damages that might result therefrom. This is a situation, to repeat, neither contemplated nor intended by law.
(pp. 377-378.)
Respondent court’s basis for setting aside the trial court’s order for the partial execution of the judgment pending appeal is herein quoted as follows:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
The special reasons which prompted the court a quo to grant the petition for execution pending appeal are not the special reasons contemplated by the rules in this particular case. There is no urgency or immediate necessity in the execution of the P50,000,000.00 allowed by the trial court. It is of judicial notice that aside from the regular income of the Municipality of Limay, Bataan derived from local taxes, it also receives regular allotment from the national government for its daily operation. The immediate release of the P50,000,000.00 from Petron to the respondent Municipality of Limay, Bataan is not so urgent that its non-release will cause the paralization of the governmental function of the town.
It is likewise unrebutted by respondents in their rejoinder that Petron pays around P46,620,916.22 in realty taxes and fees yearly to the town of Limay, Bataan. This amount plus the subsidy it receives from the national government and the direct incomes from taxes and other fees it collects can be appropriated for its infrastructure projects.
(pp. 23-24, Rollo.)
This Court upholds respondent Court of Appeals’ ruling that the basis relied upon by the regional trial court does not constitute good reason or reasons for the execution of the judgment pending appeal even though such execution was only a partial of the judgment, the amount awarded being in the substantial amount of P50 million pesos. The posting of a corresponding bond to answer for damages does not cure the insufficiency or lack of good reason.
Certiorari lies against an order granting execution pending appeal where the same is not founded upon good reason. The fact that the losing party had also appealed from the judgment does not bar the certiorari proceedings as the appeal could not be an adequate remedy from such premature execution. (Jaca v. Davao Lumber Co., 113 SCRA 107 [1982]).
The Court of Appeals, while recognizing that it should defer ruling on the correctness of the judgment sought to be executed, as the merits of the case itself were duly submitted to the jurisdiction of the said court in the proper case — by way of regular appeal, nonetheless fell into the error of expressing its opinion on the validity of Municipal Ordinance No. 90 (See: pp. 13-14, Decision, pp. 249-250, Rollo.) Such obiter dictum of the Court of Appeals must be disregarded in the light of Silverio v. Court of Appeals (141 SCRA 527 [1986]), where in a similar case involving the issue of the order of execution pending appeal, we held that the ruling of the Court of Appeals dismissing the petition for certiorari finding no grave abuse of discretion cannot be duly extended to expand the main thrust of the said decision beyond its true import.chanroblesvirtual|awlibrary
In this resolution, therefore, this Court purposely limits itself to resolving only to the wisdom of the trial court’s exercise of discretion in ordering the execution of the judgment pending appeal. It is imperative that we allow the main appeal, CA-G.R. No. CV-52293, pending before the Court of Appeals to take its normal course.
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the instant petition is hereby DENIED for lack of merit.
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., Francisco and Panganiban, JJ., concur.
Narvasa, C.J., is on leave.
