Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2002 > January 2002 Decisions > G.R. No. 137014 January 16, 2002 - ANTONIETO LABONG v. PEOPLE OF THE PHIL.:

Appeal via certiorari from the decision of the Court of Appeals 1 affirming that of the trial court 2 finding petitioner guilty beyond reasonable doubt of homicide and sentencing him to an indeterminate penalty of ten (10) years of prision mayor as minimum, to sixteen (16) years of reclusion temporal, as maximum, to indemnify the heirs of the deceased Raul Batulan in the amount of P50,000.00 and another P50,000.00 as moral damages 3 and to pay costs.



The facts, as found by the Court of Appeals, are as follows:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph

"On the night of January 31, 1993, prosecution witness Judy Rom y Mancila was watching basketball at the basketball court in Sobrecaray, Barrio Obrero, Davao City when a commotion suddenly ensued. Approaching the site of the commotion, he saw accused-appellant Antonieto Labong holding a handgun and dragging the victim Raul Batulan with his right arm locked around the victim’s neck. At the same instance, Antonieto’s brothers Ferdinand and Aplonieto were pushing Batulan toward an abandoned CAFGU outpost a few meters away from the court. Being the Lupong Tagapayapa of the barangay, the witness approached the group and introduced himself as such. Appellant warned him not to interfere "as they were all members of the CSU." Appellant and his co-accused Ferdinand then pounded the victim’s head with their handguns. It was at this instance that accused Aplonieto stabbed the victim several times in the stomach with the use of a Batangas knife. inspite of his injuries, the victim managed to get hold of a gun and fire the same.

The witness took cover and then he saw Aplonieto and Ferdinand help each other carry the appellant to bring the latter to a hospital on board a flagged public utility vehicle. After that, Judy Rom sought the help of neighbors and brought the dying victim to a hospital where he was pronounced dead on arrival.

"Medico Legal Officer Danilo Ledesma of the Davao City Health Office conducted a post mortem examination of the victim and submitted a necropsy report concluding that the latter died from "hemorrhage, severe, secondary to multiple stab wounds" (Exhibits A and B, pp. 31-32, Record).

"Only the accused-appellant was arrested, and he pleaded "not guilty" at the arraignment. Trial proper followed as to him alone because his two co-accused remain at large to this date.chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary

"As expected, the accused-appellant’s version of the incident is diametrically opposed to that of the prosecution. According to him, on the night of January 31, 1993, he was at the basketball court at Sobrecaray street to watch a game between the Tago team led by his brother Ferdinand and the Lizada team. As the Lizada team failed to arrive, the accused together with his neighbors from the Tago team decided to bet in a shooting game. As accused Antonieto was participating in the shooting game, he joked that "since I cannot beat you in the shooting we might as well do it in boxing." Raul Batulan accepted his challenge and said, "let’s fight." At first, the accused did not mind the victim but when the latter repeated the words let’s fight, Antonieto approached Raul and explained that what he uttered was merely a joke, intended for his neighbors from the Tago team. The accused narrated that he went back to the court but the victim followed him so he introduced himself as Antonieto Labong alias Oniet, a member of the same barangay and extended his hand for a handshake but the victim resisted. The, the appellant went back to the court to shoot balls but he noticed that Raul was following him wherever he went. Oniet explained that he was really scared of Raul’s behavior so he asked for a barangay captain or any barangay official to settle their differences; however, there was none and so he invited the victim to go to the Sta. Ana Station and to talk things over. As the appellant placed his arm around the victim’s shoulder, the latter swung the former’s right arm and immediately pulled a gun and fired two (2) successive shots hitting the accused at the left eyebrow, causing the latter to lose his consciousness. The rest of the accused’s testimony concerns the injuries he suffered as a result of the gunshot wounds and the ordeal he underwent by reason thereof.

"Defense witness Maria Luisa Suico merely corroborated the testimony of the appellant. She testified that upon hearing two (2) successive gunshots, she saw Ferdinand Labong together with four (4) others rush toward the victim. Ferdinand grabbed Batulan’s right arm, but the latter swung his arm at the former, and Ferdinand fell. Afterwards, the accused’s four other companions ganged up on the victim and when the latter fell, one of them stabbed Raul and then the four ran away." chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary

"On August 28, 1995, the court a quo rendered judgment with the following dispositive portion:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library

‘WHEREFORE, this Court finds the accused Antonieto Labong, alias Oniet, guilty beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of homicide under Article 249 of the Revised Penal Code for the killing of Raul Batulan and hereby sentences him to an indeterminate penalty of ten (10) years of prision mayor as minimum, to sixteen (16) years of reclusion temporal as maximum and orders him to indemnify the heirs of Raul Batulan for his death in the amount of P50,000.00 (People v. Dasig, Et Al., 221 SCRA 549-559), another P50,000.00 for moral damages and P52,000.00 for burial expenses, and also to pay the costs.

‘SO ORDERED." 4

In time, petitioner appealed to the Court of Appeals. 5

After due proceedings, on April 27, 1998, the Court of Appeals promulgated a decision, the dispositive portion of which reads:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph

"WHEREFORE, with the sole modification of the deletion of the award of P52,000.00 for burial expenses (actual damages), the decision appealed from is hereby AFFIRMED in all other respects.

"SO ORDERED." 6

Hence, this appeal. 7



The issues raised are (1) whether the court of Appeals erred in ruling that petitioner conspired with his two brothers in the killing of Raul Batulan; (2) whether the Court of Appeals erred in ruling that a single witness (eyewitness) of the prosecution sufficed to convict the petitioner; and (3) whether the Court of Appeals erred in disregarding the testimony of petitioner and his witness. 8



The issues raised are factual. In an appeal via certiorari, petitioner may raise only questions of law which shall be distinctly set forth. 9

Nonetheless, the evidence unerringly supports petitioner’s conviction. An eyewitness whose testimony was clear and unshaken positively identified him. The witness Judy Rom saw petitioner and his brother Ferdinand hit the head of the victim and another brother Aplonieto stabbed him in the stomach. 10 The testimony was direct and categorical. Any perceived inconsistencies and contradictions were on minor and irrelevant details that do not affect credibility. 11 We agree with the trial court that the testimony was credible and sufficed to convict the accused, corroborated by the physical evidence found on the body of the victim per necropsy report.

On the existence of conspiracy among the accused, although there was no direct evidence of prior agreement to commit the crime, conspiracy may be inferred from the acts of the accused indicative of joint purpose, concerted action and sentiments. 12

Thus, petitioner held the victim on the neck, Accused Ferdinand pounded the head and other parts of the victim’s body and accused Aplonieto stabbed him in the stomach. The chain of circumstances evinces complicity among the accused. 13 Incidentally, only petitioner was arrested and brought to trial. His two brothers remain at large.

On the other hand, petitioner’s testimony was self-serving and cannot prevail over an eyewitness’ positive identification. 14

The Judgment

IN VIEW WHEREOF, we affirm the appealed decision 15 of the Court of Appeals in toto. Costs charged against petitioner.

SO ORDERED.

Davide, Jr., C.J., Puno, Kapunan and Ynares-Santiago, JJ., concur.

Endnotes:

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1. In CA-G. R. CR No. 18978, promulgated on April 27, 1998, Rollo, pp. 55-62. Vidallon-Magtolis, J., ponente, Montoya and Cosico, JJ., concurring.

2. In Criminal Case No. 29, 111-93, Regional Trial Court, Davao City, Branch 10.

3. The Court of Appeals deleted the award of P52,000.00 for burial expenses.

4. Petition, Annex "A", Rollo, pp. 55-62.

5. Docketed as CA-G.R. CR No. 18978.

6. Rollo, pp. 55-62, at p. 62.

7. Petition filed on February 5, 1999, posted by registered mail, Rollo, pp. 11-53. On September 1, 1999, we gave due course to the petition (Rollo, pp. 94-95).

8. Memorandum for the Petitioner, Rollo, pp. 96-136, at pp. 114-115.

9. Rule 45, Section 1, Revised Rules of Court; Alicbusan v. Court of Appeals, 336 Phil. 321 [1997]; De la Cruz v. Court of Appeals, 333 Phil. 126, 136 [1996]; Borlado v. Court of Appeals, G. R. No. 114118, August 28, 2001.

10. TSN, August 9, 1994, pp. 39-46.

11. People v. Ramirez, G. R. No. 138261, April 17, 2001; People v. Mationg, G. R. No. 137989, March 27, 2001; People v. Baltazar, G. R. No. 12933, February 26, 2001.

12. People v. de Leon, 315 Phil. 584 [1995].

13. People v. Dacibar, 325 SCRA 725, 742 [2000]; People v. Javier, 336 Phil. 177, 192 [1997].

14. People v. Bundang, 339 Phil. 27, 28 [1997]; People v. Palero, G. R. No. 138235, May 10, 2001; People v. Mationg, supra, Note 11.

15. In CA-G.R. CR No. 18978.