May 2002 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
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A.M. No. CA-02-12-P May 2, 2002 - RE: JOVELITA OLIVAS and ANTONIO CUYCO:
EN BANC
[A.M. No. CA-02-12-P. May 2, 2002.]
RE: JOVELITA OLIVAS and ANTONIO CUYCO, Security Guard and Security Officer, respectively, Court of Appeals
D E C I S I O N
PER CURIAM:
Jovelita Olivas is a security guard in the Court of Appeals. She is charged with grave misconduct for having taken several pieces of plyboard from the CA compound. Antonio Cuyco, security officer of the same court, is charged with neglect of duty for failure to report the matter.chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary
The facts are as follows:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
On November 19, 2002, Marcos de la Cruz, a member of the staff of then Court of Appeals Presiding Justice Ma. Alicia Austria-Martinez, now Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, reported to Reynaldo Dianco, Chief of the Security Unit of the Court of Appeals, that on November 17, 2001, at around 6:00 A.M., and again on November 18, at about 6:30 A.M., he saw security guard Jovelita Olivas, whose duty was from 12:00 midnight to 8:00 A.M., take several pieces of plyboard without permission from the CA compound. Acting on the report, Dianco conducted an investigation, in the course of which he was told by Daniel Baclit, a carpenter in the Maintenance Section, that a plyboard, measuring 22�" x 65�", was missing. 1 Dianco required Jovelita Olivas, Antonio Cuyco, the security guard assigned to the same shift as Olivas, and Abelardo Catbagan, the security guard assigned after the shift. of Olivas and Cuyco, to comment on the reported loss of several pieces of plyboard.
In her comment of November 22, 2001, Olivas stated:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"On the date and time alluded to in your memorandum, I was in the court premises as I was still on duty. I was conducting a round of inspection in the [M]aintenance [Section] when I saw some pieces of plyboard near the garbage [area]. I thought to myself that these pieces of plyboard are already scrap and would no longer be used, as [they were] already in the garbage. I, therefore, took these pieces of scrap plyboard . . . and brought [them] home.
"I am willing to return these pieces of plyboard if directed.
"I have no intention of stealing any property of the Court as mentioned above." 2
For his part, Cuyco stated in his comment on November 26, 2001:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"In connection [with] your memorandum . . . regarding the incident which took place on [the] 17th and 18th of November [2001] . . . ordering me to submit an explanation within 72 hours, allow me to state:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"That on the said dates [of] 17th and 18th of November 2001, Saturday and Sunday, I was on duty from 12:00 nn to 8:00 a.m.
"x x x
"Regarding the pieces of plyboard, I remember Ms. Olivas telling me that she’s asking the carpenters to make her some sort of [a] locker, which I knew Ms. Olivas has none in the guardhouse. That was as far as I can recall . . . a Saturday, 17 November [2001] around 6:30 a.m. I didn’t pay much attention since I have nothing to do with this plyboard business. Then on Sunday, 18 November [2001] at around 7:30 a.m., Ms. Olivas again mentioned the plyboards and she showed me three (3) pieces of cut plyboard with different sizes. She said she gather[ed] them from scrap and would use [them] in making a locker.
"I am confident and expecting that this matter will be brought to your attention because before I left that Sunday morning, I ha[d] a conversation with Mr. Marcos de la Cruz and Guard Abelardo Catbagan regarding the plyboards. I believe they are the ones who made the inquiries at the Maintenance Section. I told Mr. de la Cruz, "Ireport mo!" I regret to tell you that since I already have made and signed the turnover of duty in the logbook, I sincerely believe that the incoming shift Guard Abelardo Catbagan should have made the necessary report in the logbook because the pieces of plyboard . . . were brought out at around 8:00 o’clock in the morning." 3
On the other hand, Catbagan said in his comment dated December 3, 2001:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"On November 17, 2001 at about 7:00 or 7:30 in the morning, Mr. Marcos N. de la Cruz, staff of Presiding Justice Alicia M. Austria-Martinez, in his presence, [saw] security guard Ms. Jovelita Olivas wrap and tie [a] plyboard, and instructed the undersigned to record in the logbook the said action of security guard Olivas. At the time it [wa]s not yet my duty, it [wa]s still the duty of security guard Mr. Antonio Cuyco and Ms. Jovelita Olivas. [T]he incident happened during their time, Mr. Antonio Cuyco being [the] senior officer, must report and record in the logbook any unusual action by his co-security guard. Affirmatively, I told Mr. Marcos N. de la Cruz that it is not yet my duty, then Mr. de la Cruz asked me to instruct Mr. Cuyco to record the unusual action of Ms. Olivas, I told my senior officer security guard Mr. Antonio Cuyco to record the wrapped[/]tied plyboard [of] security guard Jovelita Olivas. Mr. Antonio Cuyco answered back that Ms. Jovelita Olivas knows what she is doing. [B]ecause of the said answer, I made no comment to prevent any argument.
"Truly my duty is from 8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. and [the duty of] senior Officer Security Guard Mr. Antonio Cuyco and security guard Ms. Jovelita Olivas . . . is from 12:00 M.N. to 8:00 A.M. I never saw security guard Ms. Jovelita Olivas b[ring] out the said wrapped[/]tied plyboard. If ever any of my co-employee/co-security guard/official of this Court brought out any things without any authorization I made a point to record in the Guard’s logbook the said things because it is my duty." 4
On December 6, 2001, Olivas returned five pieces of plyboard to the Court of Appeals upon order of Atty. Tessie Gatmaitan, Clerk of Court of the Court of Appeals. Asked to comment on Olivas’ claim that the pieces of plyboard taken by her were mere scraps of wood, Gene Rebeta, Acting Chief of the Maintenance Section, stated that Olivas could have taken small pieces of wood from the pile of cut wood but averred that these were not scrap because the segregation of the pieces of wood in the Maintenance Section was done on Mondays. Rebeta further stated that the plyboards returned by Olivas were different from the one which was missing from their supplies because the latter was bigger, being 22" x 65" in size. 5
Dianco thereafter rendered a report finding Olivas guilty of qualified theft and Cuyco of conduct prejudicial to the best interest of the service. Accordingly, on January 14, 2002, Clerk of Court Tessie Gatmaitan formally charged Olivas and Cuyco and required them to show cause why no disciplinary sanctions should be imposed on them.
Cuyco and Olivas submitted sworn statements substantially reiterating what they had stated in their comments. On the other hand, de la Cruz submitted his affidavit on February 7, 2002. Assistant Clerk of Court Elisa B. Pilar-Longalong conducted a hearing on February 26, 2002, during which Olivas, Cuyco, Catbagan, and de la Cruz testified.
On March 21, 2002, Atty. Longalong submitted a report recommending the dismissal of Olivas for grave misconduct. She called attention to the fact that this was Olivas’ fifth administrative offense. On the other hand, Atty. Longalong recommended that Cuyco be suspended for one month and one day without pay for simple neglect of duty. Atty. Longalong’s report reads in pertinent parts:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"Although Ms. Olivas admitted taking five pieces of plyboard, she alleged that these were scrap which she took from the garbage area of the Maintenance Section. However, Mr. Catbagan testified that the pieces of wood he saw being wrapped by Ms. Olivas looked new and did not look like scrap. Her justification that she got the five pieces of plyboard from the garbage area was belied by Mr. Rebeta who commented that although the Maintenance Section has a pile of wood scrap, the segregation of usable pieces and those thrown to the garbage area is done on Mondays. Moreover, a new 22" x 65" piece of [ply]wood to be used as a cabinet door is missing from the carpenter’s working table.
"Ms. Olivas’ [act of returning the] five pieces of wood does not exculpate her from her offense as the mere act of unauthorized taking already constitutes an offense. More so, since Mr. Rebeta stated that the pieces [of plywood] she returned were not the missing [plyboard], her position and duties [as] a security guard, which includes safeguarding Court property, makes her action more reprehensible.
"With respect to Mr. Cuyco, he justifies his failure to report Ms. Olivas’ unauthorized taking of the pieces of [ply]wood by the fact that he did not actually see her do so and that he had already turned over the log book to the incoming guard on the next shift. However, although he did not actually see Ms. Olivas take out the pieces of [ply]wood, when the same was reported to him by Mr. de la Cruz on both days [in question], he should have immediately investigated or at least repor[ted] the matter. His explanation why he answered "wala akong pakialam sa taong yan" is that since he was busy manning the guardhouse alone, he did not see her until the following morning and he did not see her taking away the pieces of [ply]wood. Even so, when the matter was reported to him as the more senior guard on duty, it was his duty and responsibility to report or investigate the matter. Neither can he justify his failure to enter the incident in the logbook by stating that when Mrs. Olivas actually took out the pieces of wood after 8:00 a.m., he had already turned over the logbook to the incoming guard on duty, [considering that] Mr. de la Cruz reported the matter to him as early as 7:00 a.m. and had he [immediately conducted an investigation] instead of being indifferent about [the matter], the [incident in question would not have taken place]." 6
Presiding Justice Austria-Martinez indorsed the aforementioned report to the Court in her letter dated April 1, 2002.
The recommendation is well taken, except with respect to the penalty recommended to be imposed on Antonio Cuyco. As a member of the security personnel of the Court of Appeals, it was Olivas’ duty to protect court property. In breach of that duty, she took advantage of her position and removed some plyboards from the Maintenance Section. Her claim that what she took were mere scraps or small pieces of plyboard is negated by the fact that, according to Security Guard Abelardo Catbagan, the plyboards were new.
Thus, Catbagan testified:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
" [ATTY. LONGALONG]:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q Mr. Catbagan, kasi sabi ni [Mr. De la Cruz] ni-report niya sa ‘yo nuong Saturday, November 1[7, 2001] na nakita niyang may dalang pieces of [ply]wood si Mrs. Olivas. Nakita mo ba ‘yon?
[ABELARDO CATBAGAN]
A Nakita ko po, binabalot po niya ng diyaryo.
Q Saturday ito?
A Saturday po.
Q Anong oras ‘yan?
A Hindi ko po matantiya kung anong oras.
Q Pero ang duty mo is 8:00 o’clock?
A 8:00 o’clock po.
Q So you came before 8:00 o’clock?
A Opo.
Q Around what, 7:00, 6:00?
A Mga 6:00 [A.M.] po.
Q Around 6:00 A.M., nakita mo siya binabalot ng diyaryo?
A Opo.
Q Ilan?
A Hindi ko po . . . mahaba eh, mahaba po ‘yong binabalot po.
Q Long piece[s] of [ply]wood?
A Opo.
Q Sabi ni [de la Cruz] around 6 feet ang width. Mga ganuon?
MR. CUYCO:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Mam, excuse me po. Hindi po puedeng 6 feet ang width, may be length. . . .
INVESTIGATOR:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q Length?
A Opo.
Q Mahaba?
A Opo, mahaba po.
Q Does it look like scrap?
A Hindi ko alam po kung tatawaging scrap po ‘yon kasi bago. Nakita kong bago ‘yong wood . . .
MR. DE LA CRUZ:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Ang scrap po kasing madalas pagputulan duon sa Maintenance halos maliit pa ho dito.
INVESTIGATOR:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q Ito, bago, bagong . . .
WITNESS:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
A Oho, kasi maputi eh." 7
Olivas may have taken some plyboards which were smaller in size. But this was on the second day, November 18, 2001. As Catbagan and Marcos N. de la Cruz testified:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
" [INVESTIGATOR ATTY. LONGALONG]:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q Kinabukasan, nakita mo ulit [si Olivas]?
[WITNESS ABELARDO CATBAGAN]
A Oho, the same area po kasi.
Q Same area, which area?
A Kasi nandito po kami sa bandang malayo ng konti sa parking ho, sa may parking area, sa may upuan ho duon. Nanduon ho siya, same place sa loob ng guardhouse na may binabalot . . .
Q Nagbabalot uli?
A Opo.
Q Anong ipinambabalot, diyaryo?
A Opo, diyaryo po, Mam.
Q How many pieces?
A Hindi ko kasi ano ‘yon kasi hindi ko po nilapitan, Mam.
WITNESS:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
A Binabalot na uli ho.
Q Gaanong kalaki naman ang mga ito?
A Medyo maliliit ho, yuon.
MR. DELA CRUZ:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
‘Yong Sunday ho, Mam, ano na ho, ganito (demonstrating with his hands).
INVESTIGATOR:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q Smaller pieces, di ba?
WITNESS:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
A Oho, maliliit.
INVESTIGATOR:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q Eto ‘yong pinakita kay Mr. Cuyco?
A ‘Yong isinoli yata.
Q Saan niya nilagay ‘yong wood na dala niya? Saan niya nilagay?
A Kaya namang bitbitin po ‘yon, eh.
Q Bitbit niyang nasa labas or nasa loob ng bag o ano?
A Hindi po kaya ng bag ‘yon. Hindi po kaya ng bag, Mam. Bitbitin pong ganyang (demonstrating with his hands).
Q Sabi niya nilagay niya sa loob ng bag niya[.]
A Ngi! Hindi naman po, eh.
Q Hindi, hindi kasya sa bag?
A Hindi naman po kasya sa bag ‘yon.
Q ‘Yong size na ‘yon na nakita mo?
A Yes, Mam, hindi po kasya.
INVESTIGATOR:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q Pano mo nasabi na bago ‘yong kahoy?
WITNESS:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
A Maputi po ‘yong balat ng plyboard po. Kitang-kita kasi hindi naman po lahat ng area nabalot po, eh.
Q Looks new?
A Oho." 8
The pieces of plyboards, although smaller in size, were not scraps. As the witnesses testified, the plyboards were new. It is probable that they had been cut, but they were still useful and were far from being scraps or discards. Indeed, the Acting Chief of the Maintenance Section, Gene Rebeta, reported that they lost one plyboard measuring 22" x 65" and that the segregation of scrap plywood from the rest of their supplies was done only on Mondays. Since the incidents took place on Saturday, November 17, 2001, and on Sunday, November 18, 2001, it was improbable that what Olivas took were mere scraps of wood.
Olivas claims that had it been her intention to steal court property, she would have taken the plyboards between 12 midnight and 4:00 o’clock in the morning when it was dark. 9 The allegation has no merit. The fact that she took out the plyboards early in the morning does not mean she did not intend to steal them. In any event, the incidents in this case took place on a Saturday and a Sunday during which there were few people in the CA compound. Indeed, if De la Cruz had not been there at that time, the taking of the plyboards would not have been detected.
It is true that Olivas subsequently returned some pieces of plyboard as ordered by Atty. Gatmaitan. Such fact, however, cannot absolve her from liability since it is her act of taking home court property which constitutes the basis for this case. Moreover, the plyboards she returned to the Court of Appeals were smaller than the one lost.
The Court likewise approves the findings of Atty. Longalong with respect to Security Officer Antonio Cuyco. Cuyco’s denial that he did not see Olivas take the plyboards in question is belied by his earlier statement to Dianco, that —
"Regarding the pieces of plyboard, I remember Ms. Olivas telling me that she’s asking the carpenters to make her some sort of locker, which I knew Ms. Olivas has none in the guardhouse. That was as far as I can recall . . . a Saturday, 17 November [2001] around 6:30 a.m. I didn’t pay much attention since I have nothing to do with this plyboard business. Then on Sunday, 18 November [2001] at around 7:30 a.m. Ms. Olivas again mentioned the plyboards and she showed me three (3) pieces of cut plyboard with different sizes. She said she gather[ed] them from scrap and would use [them] in making a locker." 10
Nor can Cuyco escape liability for the taking of the plyboards on the ground that he was already off-duty when the incident was reported to him at 8:00 A.M. His contention that at 8:00 A.M. his duty stopped and it was then the duty of the next guard to take over is unworthy of his position. For he knew about the taking of the plyboards. His indifference is underscored by the fact that he did not even note the incident in his notebook.
Considering the foregoing facts, the Court agrees with the recommendation of the investigator and the Presiding Justice of the Court of Appeals that Ms. Jovelita Olivas be dismissed from the service for grave misconduct. 11 The penalty is provided for in Rule XIV, �23(c) on grave offenses of the Omnibus Rules Implementing Book V of E.O. No. 292. It should be noted that Ms. Olivas has likewise been previously been found guilty in four other administrative cases, to wit:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"1. Administrative Case No. 3-85, Order dated December 24, 1985. (Found Guilty of neglect of duty, Section 36(b) (1) of P.D. No. 807, REPRIMAND with WARNING)
"2. Administrative Case No. 3-87, Order dated August 17, 1987. (REPRIMAND for violating reasonable office rules, fine of P100.00, with WARNING)
"3. Administrative Case No. 4-87, Order dated April 6, 1988. (Sleeping on duty and suspended for one (1) week, with WARNING)
"4. Administrative Case No. 4-91, Order dated February 19, 1991. (SUSPENDED for four (4) months without pay for abandonment of duty with Warning of DISMISSAL from service should she commit another offense similar to the above)." 12
With respect to Antonio Cuyco, Rule XIV, �23(a) of the aforementioned Omnibus Rules provides for the penalty of suspension for a period of one (1) month and one (1) day to six (6) months for simple neglect of duty as a less grave offense. Considering that he has been in government service for 15 years and that this is his first offense, his suspension without pay for three (3) months and one (1) day would be appropriate.
The Court cannot overemphasize the need for honesty and integrity on the part of all those who are in the service of the judiciary. 13 This need is all the more important on the part of members of the security force whose duty, among other things, is to protect government property from pilferages. Ms. Olivas and Mr. Cuyco have failed in varying degrees in their duty. Their failure to protect government property raises the painful question, Quis custodiet ipsos custodies? (Who guards the guards themselves?) 14
WHEREFORE, Jovelita Olivas is hereby found guilty of grave misconduct and is DISMISSED from the service with forfeiture of all benefits excluding leave credits, if any, 15 and with prejudice to re-employment in any branch or agency of the government, including government-owned and controlled corporations. On the other hand, Antonio Cuyco is found guilty of simple neglect of duty and is hereby SUSPENDED from the service without pay for a period of three (3) months and one (1) day.chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., C.J., Bellosillo, Melo, Puno, Vitug, Kapunan, Mendoza, Panganiban, Quisumbing, Ynares-Santiago, De Leon, Jr., Sandoval-Gutierrez, Carpio and Corona, JJ., concur.
Austria-Martinez, J., took no part.
The facts are as follows:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
On November 19, 2002, Marcos de la Cruz, a member of the staff of then Court of Appeals Presiding Justice Ma. Alicia Austria-Martinez, now Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, reported to Reynaldo Dianco, Chief of the Security Unit of the Court of Appeals, that on November 17, 2001, at around 6:00 A.M., and again on November 18, at about 6:30 A.M., he saw security guard Jovelita Olivas, whose duty was from 12:00 midnight to 8:00 A.M., take several pieces of plyboard without permission from the CA compound. Acting on the report, Dianco conducted an investigation, in the course of which he was told by Daniel Baclit, a carpenter in the Maintenance Section, that a plyboard, measuring 22�" x 65�", was missing. 1 Dianco required Jovelita Olivas, Antonio Cuyco, the security guard assigned to the same shift as Olivas, and Abelardo Catbagan, the security guard assigned after the shift. of Olivas and Cuyco, to comment on the reported loss of several pieces of plyboard.
In her comment of November 22, 2001, Olivas stated:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"On the date and time alluded to in your memorandum, I was in the court premises as I was still on duty. I was conducting a round of inspection in the [M]aintenance [Section] when I saw some pieces of plyboard near the garbage [area]. I thought to myself that these pieces of plyboard are already scrap and would no longer be used, as [they were] already in the garbage. I, therefore, took these pieces of scrap plyboard . . . and brought [them] home.
"I am willing to return these pieces of plyboard if directed.
"I have no intention of stealing any property of the Court as mentioned above." 2
For his part, Cuyco stated in his comment on November 26, 2001:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"In connection [with] your memorandum . . . regarding the incident which took place on [the] 17th and 18th of November [2001] . . . ordering me to submit an explanation within 72 hours, allow me to state:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"That on the said dates [of] 17th and 18th of November 2001, Saturday and Sunday, I was on duty from 12:00 nn to 8:00 a.m.
"x x x
"Regarding the pieces of plyboard, I remember Ms. Olivas telling me that she’s asking the carpenters to make her some sort of [a] locker, which I knew Ms. Olivas has none in the guardhouse. That was as far as I can recall . . . a Saturday, 17 November [2001] around 6:30 a.m. I didn’t pay much attention since I have nothing to do with this plyboard business. Then on Sunday, 18 November [2001] at around 7:30 a.m., Ms. Olivas again mentioned the plyboards and she showed me three (3) pieces of cut plyboard with different sizes. She said she gather[ed] them from scrap and would use [them] in making a locker.
"I am confident and expecting that this matter will be brought to your attention because before I left that Sunday morning, I ha[d] a conversation with Mr. Marcos de la Cruz and Guard Abelardo Catbagan regarding the plyboards. I believe they are the ones who made the inquiries at the Maintenance Section. I told Mr. de la Cruz, "Ireport mo!" I regret to tell you that since I already have made and signed the turnover of duty in the logbook, I sincerely believe that the incoming shift Guard Abelardo Catbagan should have made the necessary report in the logbook because the pieces of plyboard . . . were brought out at around 8:00 o’clock in the morning." 3
On the other hand, Catbagan said in his comment dated December 3, 2001:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"On November 17, 2001 at about 7:00 or 7:30 in the morning, Mr. Marcos N. de la Cruz, staff of Presiding Justice Alicia M. Austria-Martinez, in his presence, [saw] security guard Ms. Jovelita Olivas wrap and tie [a] plyboard, and instructed the undersigned to record in the logbook the said action of security guard Olivas. At the time it [wa]s not yet my duty, it [wa]s still the duty of security guard Mr. Antonio Cuyco and Ms. Jovelita Olivas. [T]he incident happened during their time, Mr. Antonio Cuyco being [the] senior officer, must report and record in the logbook any unusual action by his co-security guard. Affirmatively, I told Mr. Marcos N. de la Cruz that it is not yet my duty, then Mr. de la Cruz asked me to instruct Mr. Cuyco to record the unusual action of Ms. Olivas, I told my senior officer security guard Mr. Antonio Cuyco to record the wrapped[/]tied plyboard [of] security guard Jovelita Olivas. Mr. Antonio Cuyco answered back that Ms. Jovelita Olivas knows what she is doing. [B]ecause of the said answer, I made no comment to prevent any argument.
"Truly my duty is from 8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. and [the duty of] senior Officer Security Guard Mr. Antonio Cuyco and security guard Ms. Jovelita Olivas . . . is from 12:00 M.N. to 8:00 A.M. I never saw security guard Ms. Jovelita Olivas b[ring] out the said wrapped[/]tied plyboard. If ever any of my co-employee/co-security guard/official of this Court brought out any things without any authorization I made a point to record in the Guard’s logbook the said things because it is my duty." 4
On December 6, 2001, Olivas returned five pieces of plyboard to the Court of Appeals upon order of Atty. Tessie Gatmaitan, Clerk of Court of the Court of Appeals. Asked to comment on Olivas’ claim that the pieces of plyboard taken by her were mere scraps of wood, Gene Rebeta, Acting Chief of the Maintenance Section, stated that Olivas could have taken small pieces of wood from the pile of cut wood but averred that these were not scrap because the segregation of the pieces of wood in the Maintenance Section was done on Mondays. Rebeta further stated that the plyboards returned by Olivas were different from the one which was missing from their supplies because the latter was bigger, being 22" x 65" in size. 5
Dianco thereafter rendered a report finding Olivas guilty of qualified theft and Cuyco of conduct prejudicial to the best interest of the service. Accordingly, on January 14, 2002, Clerk of Court Tessie Gatmaitan formally charged Olivas and Cuyco and required them to show cause why no disciplinary sanctions should be imposed on them.
Cuyco and Olivas submitted sworn statements substantially reiterating what they had stated in their comments. On the other hand, de la Cruz submitted his affidavit on February 7, 2002. Assistant Clerk of Court Elisa B. Pilar-Longalong conducted a hearing on February 26, 2002, during which Olivas, Cuyco, Catbagan, and de la Cruz testified.
On March 21, 2002, Atty. Longalong submitted a report recommending the dismissal of Olivas for grave misconduct. She called attention to the fact that this was Olivas’ fifth administrative offense. On the other hand, Atty. Longalong recommended that Cuyco be suspended for one month and one day without pay for simple neglect of duty. Atty. Longalong’s report reads in pertinent parts:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"Although Ms. Olivas admitted taking five pieces of plyboard, she alleged that these were scrap which she took from the garbage area of the Maintenance Section. However, Mr. Catbagan testified that the pieces of wood he saw being wrapped by Ms. Olivas looked new and did not look like scrap. Her justification that she got the five pieces of plyboard from the garbage area was belied by Mr. Rebeta who commented that although the Maintenance Section has a pile of wood scrap, the segregation of usable pieces and those thrown to the garbage area is done on Mondays. Moreover, a new 22" x 65" piece of [ply]wood to be used as a cabinet door is missing from the carpenter’s working table.
"Ms. Olivas’ [act of returning the] five pieces of wood does not exculpate her from her offense as the mere act of unauthorized taking already constitutes an offense. More so, since Mr. Rebeta stated that the pieces [of plywood] she returned were not the missing [plyboard], her position and duties [as] a security guard, which includes safeguarding Court property, makes her action more reprehensible.
"With respect to Mr. Cuyco, he justifies his failure to report Ms. Olivas’ unauthorized taking of the pieces of [ply]wood by the fact that he did not actually see her do so and that he had already turned over the log book to the incoming guard on the next shift. However, although he did not actually see Ms. Olivas take out the pieces of [ply]wood, when the same was reported to him by Mr. de la Cruz on both days [in question], he should have immediately investigated or at least repor[ted] the matter. His explanation why he answered "wala akong pakialam sa taong yan" is that since he was busy manning the guardhouse alone, he did not see her until the following morning and he did not see her taking away the pieces of [ply]wood. Even so, when the matter was reported to him as the more senior guard on duty, it was his duty and responsibility to report or investigate the matter. Neither can he justify his failure to enter the incident in the logbook by stating that when Mrs. Olivas actually took out the pieces of wood after 8:00 a.m., he had already turned over the logbook to the incoming guard on duty, [considering that] Mr. de la Cruz reported the matter to him as early as 7:00 a.m. and had he [immediately conducted an investigation] instead of being indifferent about [the matter], the [incident in question would not have taken place]." 6
Presiding Justice Austria-Martinez indorsed the aforementioned report to the Court in her letter dated April 1, 2002.
The recommendation is well taken, except with respect to the penalty recommended to be imposed on Antonio Cuyco. As a member of the security personnel of the Court of Appeals, it was Olivas’ duty to protect court property. In breach of that duty, she took advantage of her position and removed some plyboards from the Maintenance Section. Her claim that what she took were mere scraps or small pieces of plyboard is negated by the fact that, according to Security Guard Abelardo Catbagan, the plyboards were new.
Thus, Catbagan testified:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
" [ATTY. LONGALONG]:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q Mr. Catbagan, kasi sabi ni [Mr. De la Cruz] ni-report niya sa ‘yo nuong Saturday, November 1[7, 2001] na nakita niyang may dalang pieces of [ply]wood si Mrs. Olivas. Nakita mo ba ‘yon?
[ABELARDO CATBAGAN]
A Nakita ko po, binabalot po niya ng diyaryo.
Q Saturday ito?
A Saturday po.
Q Anong oras ‘yan?
A Hindi ko po matantiya kung anong oras.
Q Pero ang duty mo is 8:00 o’clock?
A 8:00 o’clock po.
Q So you came before 8:00 o’clock?
A Opo.
Q Around what, 7:00, 6:00?
A Mga 6:00 [A.M.] po.
Q Around 6:00 A.M., nakita mo siya binabalot ng diyaryo?
A Opo.
Q Ilan?
A Hindi ko po . . . mahaba eh, mahaba po ‘yong binabalot po.
Q Long piece[s] of [ply]wood?
A Opo.
Q Sabi ni [de la Cruz] around 6 feet ang width. Mga ganuon?
MR. CUYCO:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Mam, excuse me po. Hindi po puedeng 6 feet ang width, may be length. . . .
x x x
INVESTIGATOR:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q Length?
A Opo.
x x x
Q Mahaba?
A Opo, mahaba po.
x x x
Q Does it look like scrap?
A Hindi ko alam po kung tatawaging scrap po ‘yon kasi bago. Nakita kong bago ‘yong wood . . .
MR. DE LA CRUZ:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Ang scrap po kasing madalas pagputulan duon sa Maintenance halos maliit pa ho dito.
INVESTIGATOR:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q Ito, bago, bagong . . .
WITNESS:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
A Oho, kasi maputi eh." 7
Olivas may have taken some plyboards which were smaller in size. But this was on the second day, November 18, 2001. As Catbagan and Marcos N. de la Cruz testified:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
" [INVESTIGATOR ATTY. LONGALONG]:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q Kinabukasan, nakita mo ulit [si Olivas]?
[WITNESS ABELARDO CATBAGAN]
A Oho, the same area po kasi.
Q Same area, which area?
A Kasi nandito po kami sa bandang malayo ng konti sa parking ho, sa may parking area, sa may upuan ho duon. Nanduon ho siya, same place sa loob ng guardhouse na may binabalot . . .
Q Nagbabalot uli?
A Opo.
Q Anong ipinambabalot, diyaryo?
A Opo, diyaryo po, Mam.
Q How many pieces?
A Hindi ko kasi ano ‘yon kasi hindi ko po nilapitan, Mam.
x x x
WITNESS:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
A Binabalot na uli ho.
Q Gaanong kalaki naman ang mga ito?
A Medyo maliliit ho, yuon.
MR. DELA CRUZ:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
‘Yong Sunday ho, Mam, ano na ho, ganito (demonstrating with his hands).
INVESTIGATOR:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q Smaller pieces, di ba?
WITNESS:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
A Oho, maliliit.
INVESTIGATOR:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q Eto ‘yong pinakita kay Mr. Cuyco?
A ‘Yong isinoli yata.
x x x
Q Saan niya nilagay ‘yong wood na dala niya? Saan niya nilagay?
A Kaya namang bitbitin po ‘yon, eh.
Q Bitbit niyang nasa labas or nasa loob ng bag o ano?
A Hindi po kaya ng bag ‘yon. Hindi po kaya ng bag, Mam. Bitbitin pong ganyang (demonstrating with his hands).
Q Sabi niya nilagay niya sa loob ng bag niya[.]
A Ngi! Hindi naman po, eh.
Q Hindi, hindi kasya sa bag?
A Hindi naman po kasya sa bag ‘yon.
Q ‘Yong size na ‘yon na nakita mo?
A Yes, Mam, hindi po kasya.
x x x
INVESTIGATOR:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Q Pano mo nasabi na bago ‘yong kahoy?
WITNESS:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
A Maputi po ‘yong balat ng plyboard po. Kitang-kita kasi hindi naman po lahat ng area nabalot po, eh.
Q Looks new?
A Oho." 8
The pieces of plyboards, although smaller in size, were not scraps. As the witnesses testified, the plyboards were new. It is probable that they had been cut, but they were still useful and were far from being scraps or discards. Indeed, the Acting Chief of the Maintenance Section, Gene Rebeta, reported that they lost one plyboard measuring 22" x 65" and that the segregation of scrap plywood from the rest of their supplies was done only on Mondays. Since the incidents took place on Saturday, November 17, 2001, and on Sunday, November 18, 2001, it was improbable that what Olivas took were mere scraps of wood.
Olivas claims that had it been her intention to steal court property, she would have taken the plyboards between 12 midnight and 4:00 o’clock in the morning when it was dark. 9 The allegation has no merit. The fact that she took out the plyboards early in the morning does not mean she did not intend to steal them. In any event, the incidents in this case took place on a Saturday and a Sunday during which there were few people in the CA compound. Indeed, if De la Cruz had not been there at that time, the taking of the plyboards would not have been detected.
It is true that Olivas subsequently returned some pieces of plyboard as ordered by Atty. Gatmaitan. Such fact, however, cannot absolve her from liability since it is her act of taking home court property which constitutes the basis for this case. Moreover, the plyboards she returned to the Court of Appeals were smaller than the one lost.
The Court likewise approves the findings of Atty. Longalong with respect to Security Officer Antonio Cuyco. Cuyco’s denial that he did not see Olivas take the plyboards in question is belied by his earlier statement to Dianco, that —
"Regarding the pieces of plyboard, I remember Ms. Olivas telling me that she’s asking the carpenters to make her some sort of locker, which I knew Ms. Olivas has none in the guardhouse. That was as far as I can recall . . . a Saturday, 17 November [2001] around 6:30 a.m. I didn’t pay much attention since I have nothing to do with this plyboard business. Then on Sunday, 18 November [2001] at around 7:30 a.m. Ms. Olivas again mentioned the plyboards and she showed me three (3) pieces of cut plyboard with different sizes. She said she gather[ed] them from scrap and would use [them] in making a locker." 10
Nor can Cuyco escape liability for the taking of the plyboards on the ground that he was already off-duty when the incident was reported to him at 8:00 A.M. His contention that at 8:00 A.M. his duty stopped and it was then the duty of the next guard to take over is unworthy of his position. For he knew about the taking of the plyboards. His indifference is underscored by the fact that he did not even note the incident in his notebook.
Considering the foregoing facts, the Court agrees with the recommendation of the investigator and the Presiding Justice of the Court of Appeals that Ms. Jovelita Olivas be dismissed from the service for grave misconduct. 11 The penalty is provided for in Rule XIV, �23(c) on grave offenses of the Omnibus Rules Implementing Book V of E.O. No. 292. It should be noted that Ms. Olivas has likewise been previously been found guilty in four other administrative cases, to wit:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"1. Administrative Case No. 3-85, Order dated December 24, 1985. (Found Guilty of neglect of duty, Section 36(b) (1) of P.D. No. 807, REPRIMAND with WARNING)
"2. Administrative Case No. 3-87, Order dated August 17, 1987. (REPRIMAND for violating reasonable office rules, fine of P100.00, with WARNING)
"3. Administrative Case No. 4-87, Order dated April 6, 1988. (Sleeping on duty and suspended for one (1) week, with WARNING)
"4. Administrative Case No. 4-91, Order dated February 19, 1991. (SUSPENDED for four (4) months without pay for abandonment of duty with Warning of DISMISSAL from service should she commit another offense similar to the above)." 12
With respect to Antonio Cuyco, Rule XIV, �23(a) of the aforementioned Omnibus Rules provides for the penalty of suspension for a period of one (1) month and one (1) day to six (6) months for simple neglect of duty as a less grave offense. Considering that he has been in government service for 15 years and that this is his first offense, his suspension without pay for three (3) months and one (1) day would be appropriate.
The Court cannot overemphasize the need for honesty and integrity on the part of all those who are in the service of the judiciary. 13 This need is all the more important on the part of members of the security force whose duty, among other things, is to protect government property from pilferages. Ms. Olivas and Mr. Cuyco have failed in varying degrees in their duty. Their failure to protect government property raises the painful question, Quis custodiet ipsos custodies? (Who guards the guards themselves?) 14
WHEREFORE, Jovelita Olivas is hereby found guilty of grave misconduct and is DISMISSED from the service with forfeiture of all benefits excluding leave credits, if any, 15 and with prejudice to re-employment in any branch or agency of the government, including government-owned and controlled corporations. On the other hand, Antonio Cuyco is found guilty of simple neglect of duty and is hereby SUSPENDED from the service without pay for a period of three (3) months and one (1) day.chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., C.J., Bellosillo, Melo, Puno, Vitug, Kapunan, Mendoza, Panganiban, Quisumbing, Ynares-Santiago, De Leon, Jr., Sandoval-Gutierrez, Carpio and Corona, JJ., concur.
Austria-Martinez, J., took no part.
Endnotes:
1. Letter, dated December 4, 2001, of Reynaldo V. Dianco to Presiding Justice Ma. Alicia Austria-Martinez, Annexes B & B-1.
2. Id., Annex C.
3. Id., Annex D.
4. Id., Annex E (emphasis in the original).
5. Letter, dated December 14, 2001, of Gene R. Rebeta to Atty. Tessie L. Gatmaitan.
6. Report, p. 3.
7. TSN, Abelardo Catbagan, Feb. 26, 2002, pp. 47-50 (Emphasis supplied).
8. Id., pp. 51-555 (Emphasis supplied).
9. Letter, dated January 22, 2002, of Jovelita S. Olivas to Atty. Tessie L. Gatmaitan, p. 4.
10. Letter, dated December 4, 2001, of Reynaldo Dianco to Hon. Alicia Austria-Martines, Annex D.
11. Office of the Court Administrator v. Ferrer, 283 SCRA 388 (1997); Court Administrator v. Sevillo, 270 SCRA 190 (1997).
12. Report, pp. 3-4.
13. Court Administrator v. Sevillo, supra.
14. G. G. Lee, Jr., Handbook of Legal Maxims, p. 209 (1998).
15. A.M. No. P-00-1384, Judge Fojas. Jr. v. Rollan, February 27, 2002.
