May 2002 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
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G.R. No. 133657 May 29, 2002 - REMINGTON INDUSTRIAL SALES CORP. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.:
FIRST DIVISION
[G.R. No. 133657. May 29, 2002.]
REMINGTON INDUSTRIAL SALES CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. THE COURT OF APPEALS and BRITISH STEEL (ASIA), LTD., Respondents.
D E C I S I O N
YNARES-SANTIAGO, J.:
Before us is a petition for review under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court assailing the decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 44529 dated February 24, 1998, 1 which granted the petition for certiorari filed by respondent British Steel Asia Ltd. (British Steel) and ordered the dismissal of petitioner Remington Industrial Sales Corporation’s (Remington) complaint for sum of money and damages. Also assailed in this petition is the resolution 2 of the Court of Appeals denying petitioner’s motion for reconsideration.
The facts of the case, as culled from the records, are as follows:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
On August 21, 1996, petitioner filed a complaint 3 for sum of money and damages arising from breach of contract, docketed as Civil Case No. 96-79674, before the sala of Judge Marino M. De la Cruz of the Regional Trial Court of Manila, Branch 22. Impleaded as principal defendant therein was Industrial Steels, Ltd. (ISL), with Ferro Trading GMBH (Ferro) and respondent British Steel as alternative defendants.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
ISL and respondent British Steel separately moved for the dismissal of the complaint on the ground that it failed to state a cause of action against them. On April 7, 1997, the RTC denied the motions to dismiss, 4 as well as the ensuing motion for reconsideration. 5 ISL then filed its answer to the complaint.
On the other hand, respondent British Steel filed a petition for certiorari and prohibition before the Court of Appeals, 6 docketed as CA-G.R. SP No. 44529. Respondent claimed therein that the complaint did not contain a single averment that respondent committed any act or is guilty of any omission in violation of petitioner’s legal rights. Apart from the allegation in the complaint’s "Jurisdictional Facts" that:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
1.05. Defendants British Steel (Asia) Ltd. and Ferro Trading Gmbh, while understood by the plaintiff as mere suppliers of goods for defendant ISL, are impleaded as party defendants pursuant to Section 13, Rule 3 of the Revised Rules of Court. 7
no other reference was made to respondent that would constitute a valid cause of action against it. Since petitioner failed to plead any cause of action against respondent as alternative defendant under Section 13, Rule 3, 8 the trial court should have ordered the dismissal of the complaint insofar as respondent was concerned.
Meanwhile, petitioner sought to amend its complaint by incorporating therein additional factual allegations constitutive of its cause of action against Respondent. Pursuant to Section 2, Rule 10 9 of the Rules of Court, petitioner maintained that it can amend the complaint as a matter of right because respondent has not yet filed a responsive pleading thereto. 10
Subsequently, petitioner filed a Manifestation and Motion 11 in CA-G.R. SP No. 44529 stating that it had filed a Motion to Admit Amended Complaint together with said Amended Complaint before the trial court. Hence, petitioner prayed that the proceedings in the special civil action be suspended.
On January 29, 1998, the trial court ruled on petitioner’s Motion to Admit Amended Complaint thus:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
WHEREFORE, the Amended Complaint is NOTED and further proceedings thereon and action on the other incidents as aforementioned are hereby held in abeyance until final resolution by the Honorable Court of Appeals (Special 6th Division) of the petition for certiorari and prohibition of petitioner (defendant British) and/or Manifestations and Motions of therein private respondent, herein plaintiff.
SO ORDERED. 12
Thereafter, on February 24, 1998, the Court of Appeals rendered the assailed decision in CA-G.R. SP No. 44529 as follows:chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary
WHEREFORE, this Court grants the writ of certiorari and orders the respondent judge to dismiss without prejudice the Complaint in Civil Case No. 96-79674 against petitioner British Steel (Asia) Ltd. Costs against private Respondent.
SO ORDERED. 13
In the same decision, the Court of Appeals addressed petitioner’s prayer for suspension of proceedings in this wise:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
The incident which transpired after the filing of the instant petition for certiorari and prohibition are immaterial in the resolution of this petition. What this Court is called upon to resolve is whether the lower court committed grave abuse of discretion when it denied petitioner’s motion to dismiss the complaint against it. The admission or rejection by the lower court of said amended complaint will not, insofar as this Court is concerned, impinge upon the issue of whether or not said court gravely abused its discretion in denying petitioner’s motion to dismiss. 14
Petitioner filed a motion for reconsideration of the appellate court’s decision, which was denied in a resolution dated April 28, 1998. Hence, this petition, anchored on the following grounds:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
THE HON. COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN ORDERING THE DISMISSAL OF THE COMPLAINT AGAINST THE PRIVATE RESPONDENT FOR LACK OF CAUSE OF ACTION UNDER THE ORIGINAL COMPLAINT EVEN AS SAID COMPLAINT WAS ALREADY AMENDED AS A MATTER OF RIGHT AND SUFFICIENT CAUSES OF ACTION ARE AVERRED IN THE AMENDED COMPLAINT, IN GROSS VIOLATION OF SEC. 2, RULE 10 OF THE 1997 RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE.
THE HON. COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN HOLDING THAT IF THE PETITIONER WANTS TO PURSUE ITS CASE AGAINST THE PRIVATE RESPONDENT, IT HAS TO REFILE THE COMPLAINT, THUS PRE-EMPTING THE RIGHT OF THE LOWER COURT TO RULE ON THE AMENDED COMPLAINT AND COMPELLING THE PETITIONER TO LITIGATE ITS CAUSES OF ACTION AGAINST THE PRIVATE RESPONDENT AS AN ALTERNATIVE DEFENDANT IN A SEPARATE ACTION, THEREBY ABETTING MULTIPLICITY OF SUITS. 15
The basic issue in this case is whether or not the Court of Appeals, by granting the extraordinary writ of certiorari, correctly ordered the dismissal of the complaint for failure to state a cause of action, despite the fact that petitioner exercised its right to amend the defective complaint under Section 2, Rule 10 of the Rules of Court. Stated differently, the query posed before us is: can a complaint still be amended as a matter of right before an answer has been filed, even if there was a pending proceeding for its dismissal before the higher court?
Section 2, Rule 10 16 of the Revised Rules of Court explicitly states that a pleading may be amended as a matter of right before a responsive pleading is served. This only means that prior to the filing of an answer, the plaintiff has the absolute right to amend the complaint whether a new cause of action or change in theory is introduced. 17 The reason for this rule is implied in the subsequent Section 3 of Rule 10. 18 Under this provision, substantial amendment of the complaint is not allowed without leave of court after an answer has been served, because any material change in the allegations contained in the complaint could prejudice the rights of the defendant who has already set up his defense in the answer.chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary
Conversely, it cannot be said that the defendant’s rights have been violated by changes made in the complaint if he has yet to file an answer thereto. In such an event, the defendant has not presented any defense that can be altered 19 or affected by the amendment of the complaint in accordance with Section 2 of Rule 10. The defendant still retains the unqualified opportunity to address the allegations against him by properly setting up his defense in the answer. Considerable leeway is thus given to the plaintiff to amend his complaint once, as a matter of right, prior to the filing of an answer by the defendant.
The right granted to the plaintiff under procedural law to amend the complaint before an answer has been served is not precluded by the filing of a motion to dismiss 20 or any other proceeding contesting its sufficiency. Were we to conclude otherwise, the right to amend a pleading under Section 2, Rule 10 will be rendered nugatory and ineffectual, since all that a defendant has to do to foreclose this remedial right is to challenge the adequacy of the complaint before he files an answer.
Moreover, amendment of pleadings is favored and should be liberally allowed in the furtherance of justice in order to determine every case as far as possible on its merits without regard to technicalities. This principle is generally recognized to speed up trial and save party litigants from incurring unnecessary expense, so that a full hearing on the merits of every case may be had and multiplicity of suits avoided. 21
In this case, the remedy espoused by the appellate court in its assailed judgment will precisely result in multiple suits, involving the same set of facts and to which the defendants would likely raise the same or, at least, related defenses. Plainly stated, we find no practical advantage in ordering the dismissal of the complaint against respondent and for petitioner to re-file the same, when the latter can still clearly amend the complaint as a matter of right. The amendment of the complaint would not prejudice respondents or delay the action, as this would, in fact, simplify the case and expedite it disposition.
The fact that the other defendants below has filed their answers to the complaint does not bar petitioner’s right to amend the complaint as against Respondent. Indeed, where some but not all the defendants have answered, the plaintiff may still amend its complaint once, as a matter of right, in respect to claims asserted solely against the non-answering defendant, but not as to claims asserted against the other defendants. 22
Furthermore, we do not agree with respondent’s claim that it will be prejudiced by the admission of the Amended Complaint because it had spent time, money and effort to file its petition before the appellate court. 23 We cannot see how the result could be any different for respondent, if petitioner merely re-filed the complaint instead of being allowed to amend it. As adverted to earlier, amendment would even work to respondent’s advantage since it will undoubtedly speed up the proceedings before the trial court. Consequently, the amendment should be allowed in the case at bar as a matter of right in accordance with the rules.chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary
WHEREFORE, the petition is GRANTED. The assailed decision and resolution of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 44529 dated February 24, 1998 and April 28, 1998, respectively, are REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The Regional Trial Court of Manila, Branch 22 is further ordered to ADMIT petitioner’s Amended Complaint in Civil Case No. 96-79674 and to conduct further proceedings in said case.
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., C.J., Puno, Kapunan and Austria-Martinez, JJ., concur.
The facts of the case, as culled from the records, are as follows:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
On August 21, 1996, petitioner filed a complaint 3 for sum of money and damages arising from breach of contract, docketed as Civil Case No. 96-79674, before the sala of Judge Marino M. De la Cruz of the Regional Trial Court of Manila, Branch 22. Impleaded as principal defendant therein was Industrial Steels, Ltd. (ISL), with Ferro Trading GMBH (Ferro) and respondent British Steel as alternative defendants.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
ISL and respondent British Steel separately moved for the dismissal of the complaint on the ground that it failed to state a cause of action against them. On April 7, 1997, the RTC denied the motions to dismiss, 4 as well as the ensuing motion for reconsideration. 5 ISL then filed its answer to the complaint.
On the other hand, respondent British Steel filed a petition for certiorari and prohibition before the Court of Appeals, 6 docketed as CA-G.R. SP No. 44529. Respondent claimed therein that the complaint did not contain a single averment that respondent committed any act or is guilty of any omission in violation of petitioner’s legal rights. Apart from the allegation in the complaint’s "Jurisdictional Facts" that:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
1.05. Defendants British Steel (Asia) Ltd. and Ferro Trading Gmbh, while understood by the plaintiff as mere suppliers of goods for defendant ISL, are impleaded as party defendants pursuant to Section 13, Rule 3 of the Revised Rules of Court. 7
no other reference was made to respondent that would constitute a valid cause of action against it. Since petitioner failed to plead any cause of action against respondent as alternative defendant under Section 13, Rule 3, 8 the trial court should have ordered the dismissal of the complaint insofar as respondent was concerned.
Meanwhile, petitioner sought to amend its complaint by incorporating therein additional factual allegations constitutive of its cause of action against Respondent. Pursuant to Section 2, Rule 10 9 of the Rules of Court, petitioner maintained that it can amend the complaint as a matter of right because respondent has not yet filed a responsive pleading thereto. 10
Subsequently, petitioner filed a Manifestation and Motion 11 in CA-G.R. SP No. 44529 stating that it had filed a Motion to Admit Amended Complaint together with said Amended Complaint before the trial court. Hence, petitioner prayed that the proceedings in the special civil action be suspended.
On January 29, 1998, the trial court ruled on petitioner’s Motion to Admit Amended Complaint thus:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
WHEREFORE, the Amended Complaint is NOTED and further proceedings thereon and action on the other incidents as aforementioned are hereby held in abeyance until final resolution by the Honorable Court of Appeals (Special 6th Division) of the petition for certiorari and prohibition of petitioner (defendant British) and/or Manifestations and Motions of therein private respondent, herein plaintiff.
SO ORDERED. 12
Thereafter, on February 24, 1998, the Court of Appeals rendered the assailed decision in CA-G.R. SP No. 44529 as follows:chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary
WHEREFORE, this Court grants the writ of certiorari and orders the respondent judge to dismiss without prejudice the Complaint in Civil Case No. 96-79674 against petitioner British Steel (Asia) Ltd. Costs against private Respondent.
SO ORDERED. 13
In the same decision, the Court of Appeals addressed petitioner’s prayer for suspension of proceedings in this wise:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
The incident which transpired after the filing of the instant petition for certiorari and prohibition are immaterial in the resolution of this petition. What this Court is called upon to resolve is whether the lower court committed grave abuse of discretion when it denied petitioner’s motion to dismiss the complaint against it. The admission or rejection by the lower court of said amended complaint will not, insofar as this Court is concerned, impinge upon the issue of whether or not said court gravely abused its discretion in denying petitioner’s motion to dismiss. 14
Petitioner filed a motion for reconsideration of the appellate court’s decision, which was denied in a resolution dated April 28, 1998. Hence, this petition, anchored on the following grounds:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
I
THE HON. COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN ORDERING THE DISMISSAL OF THE COMPLAINT AGAINST THE PRIVATE RESPONDENT FOR LACK OF CAUSE OF ACTION UNDER THE ORIGINAL COMPLAINT EVEN AS SAID COMPLAINT WAS ALREADY AMENDED AS A MATTER OF RIGHT AND SUFFICIENT CAUSES OF ACTION ARE AVERRED IN THE AMENDED COMPLAINT, IN GROSS VIOLATION OF SEC. 2, RULE 10 OF THE 1997 RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE.
II
THE HON. COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN HOLDING THAT IF THE PETITIONER WANTS TO PURSUE ITS CASE AGAINST THE PRIVATE RESPONDENT, IT HAS TO REFILE THE COMPLAINT, THUS PRE-EMPTING THE RIGHT OF THE LOWER COURT TO RULE ON THE AMENDED COMPLAINT AND COMPELLING THE PETITIONER TO LITIGATE ITS CAUSES OF ACTION AGAINST THE PRIVATE RESPONDENT AS AN ALTERNATIVE DEFENDANT IN A SEPARATE ACTION, THEREBY ABETTING MULTIPLICITY OF SUITS. 15
The basic issue in this case is whether or not the Court of Appeals, by granting the extraordinary writ of certiorari, correctly ordered the dismissal of the complaint for failure to state a cause of action, despite the fact that petitioner exercised its right to amend the defective complaint under Section 2, Rule 10 of the Rules of Court. Stated differently, the query posed before us is: can a complaint still be amended as a matter of right before an answer has been filed, even if there was a pending proceeding for its dismissal before the higher court?
Section 2, Rule 10 16 of the Revised Rules of Court explicitly states that a pleading may be amended as a matter of right before a responsive pleading is served. This only means that prior to the filing of an answer, the plaintiff has the absolute right to amend the complaint whether a new cause of action or change in theory is introduced. 17 The reason for this rule is implied in the subsequent Section 3 of Rule 10. 18 Under this provision, substantial amendment of the complaint is not allowed without leave of court after an answer has been served, because any material change in the allegations contained in the complaint could prejudice the rights of the defendant who has already set up his defense in the answer.chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary
Conversely, it cannot be said that the defendant’s rights have been violated by changes made in the complaint if he has yet to file an answer thereto. In such an event, the defendant has not presented any defense that can be altered 19 or affected by the amendment of the complaint in accordance with Section 2 of Rule 10. The defendant still retains the unqualified opportunity to address the allegations against him by properly setting up his defense in the answer. Considerable leeway is thus given to the plaintiff to amend his complaint once, as a matter of right, prior to the filing of an answer by the defendant.
The right granted to the plaintiff under procedural law to amend the complaint before an answer has been served is not precluded by the filing of a motion to dismiss 20 or any other proceeding contesting its sufficiency. Were we to conclude otherwise, the right to amend a pleading under Section 2, Rule 10 will be rendered nugatory and ineffectual, since all that a defendant has to do to foreclose this remedial right is to challenge the adequacy of the complaint before he files an answer.
Moreover, amendment of pleadings is favored and should be liberally allowed in the furtherance of justice in order to determine every case as far as possible on its merits without regard to technicalities. This principle is generally recognized to speed up trial and save party litigants from incurring unnecessary expense, so that a full hearing on the merits of every case may be had and multiplicity of suits avoided. 21
In this case, the remedy espoused by the appellate court in its assailed judgment will precisely result in multiple suits, involving the same set of facts and to which the defendants would likely raise the same or, at least, related defenses. Plainly stated, we find no practical advantage in ordering the dismissal of the complaint against respondent and for petitioner to re-file the same, when the latter can still clearly amend the complaint as a matter of right. The amendment of the complaint would not prejudice respondents or delay the action, as this would, in fact, simplify the case and expedite it disposition.
The fact that the other defendants below has filed their answers to the complaint does not bar petitioner’s right to amend the complaint as against Respondent. Indeed, where some but not all the defendants have answered, the plaintiff may still amend its complaint once, as a matter of right, in respect to claims asserted solely against the non-answering defendant, but not as to claims asserted against the other defendants. 22
Furthermore, we do not agree with respondent’s claim that it will be prejudiced by the admission of the Amended Complaint because it had spent time, money and effort to file its petition before the appellate court. 23 We cannot see how the result could be any different for respondent, if petitioner merely re-filed the complaint instead of being allowed to amend it. As adverted to earlier, amendment would even work to respondent’s advantage since it will undoubtedly speed up the proceedings before the trial court. Consequently, the amendment should be allowed in the case at bar as a matter of right in accordance with the rules.chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary
WHEREFORE, the petition is GRANTED. The assailed decision and resolution of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 44529 dated February 24, 1998 and April 28, 1998, respectively, are REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The Regional Trial Court of Manila, Branch 22 is further ordered to ADMIT petitioner’s Amended Complaint in Civil Case No. 96-79674 and to conduct further proceedings in said case.
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., C.J., Puno, Kapunan and Austria-Martinez, JJ., concur.
Endnotes:
1. Rollo, p. 21; per Special Second Division composed of Associate Justices Corona Ibay-Somera, Ramon U. Mabutas and Hilarion L. Aquino, ponente.
2. Ibid., at 34.
3. Id., at 36.
4. Id., at 74-83.
5. Id., at 84.
6. Id., at 85-94.
7. Id., at 37.
8. SEC. 13. Alternative Defendants. — Where the plaintiff is uncertain against who of several persons he is entitled to relief, he may join any or all of them as defendants in the alternative, although a right to relief against one may be inconsistent with a right of relief against the other.
9. SEC. 2. Amendments as a matter of right. — A party may amend his pleading once as a matter of right at any time before a responsive leading is served or, in the case of a reply, at any time within ten (10) days after it is served.
10. CA Records, p. 100.
11. Id., at 114-115.
12. Supra, Note 1 at 197-198.
13. Id., at 32.
14. Id., at 31-32.
15. Id., at 6.
16. Supra, Note 8.
17. See Radio Communications of the Philippines, Inc. (RCPI) v. Court of Appeals, Daity Salvosa, and Ray Dean Salvosa, 271 SCRA 286, 289 (1997), citing Moran, Comments on the Rules of Court, Vol. I, 1979 ed., p. 362.
18. SEC. 3. Amendments by Leave of Court. — Except as provided in the next preceding section, substantial amendments may be made only upon leave of court. But such leave may be refused if it appears to the court that the motion was made with intent to delay. Orders of the court upon the matters provided in this section shall be made upon motion filed in court, and after notice to the adverse party, and an opportunity to be heard.
19. Siasoco v. Court of Appeals, 303 SCRA 186, 195 (1999).
20. F.D. Regalado, Remedial Law Compendium, Vol. I, 1997 ed., p. 183.
21. Heirs of Marcelino Pagobo v. Court of Appeals, Et Al., 280 SCRA 870, 882 (1997), citing Sedeco v. Court of Appeals, 115 SCRA 96, 103 (1982); Calabig v. Villanueva, 135 SCRA 300, 307 (1985); Cabutin v. Amacio, 170 SCRA 750, 756 (1989); Eugenio v. Velez, 185 SCRA 425, 435 (1990).
22. Supra, Note 19 at 194, citing Francisco, The Revised Rules of Court, Vol. 1, p. 646 and case cited therein.
23. Supra, Note 1 at 216.
