April 2008 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions

Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence

G.R. No. 160113 - CHINA BANKING CORP. v. TAFA INDUSTIRES INC., ET AL.

THIRD DIVISION

[G.R. NO. 160113 : April 30, 2008]

CHINA BANKING CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. TAFA INDUSTRIES, INC., J & H INDUSTRIES, INC., and JEAN LONG INDUSTRIES, INC., Respondents.

D E C I S I O N

AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ, J.:

This resolves the Petition for Review on Certiorari under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court filed by China Banking Corporation (petitioner), praying that the Decision¹ of the Court of Appeals (CA) dated June 30, 2003, and the CA Resolution² dated September 26, 2003, be reversed and set aside.

The undisputed facts of the case as summarized by the CA are as follows:

On different dates, private respondent Ta Fa Industries, Inc., through its authorized signatory, Hung Chen Chen, for value received, signed and delivered in favor of petitioner bank:

Promissory Note	Date	Amount
(a) MK-T-22165	November 15, 1995	P19,000,000.00
(b) TS-25175	August 23, 1996	P37,928,416.67
(c ) TS-29078-8	July 30, 1997	P12,000,000.00

In order to secure the payment of the aforesaid promissory notes, private respondents respectively executed in favor of petitioner bank, the following real estate mortgages, to wit:

Date of Mortgage	Mortgagor	Property Mortgaged
(a) April 10, 1995 Amended on July 10, 1995	Ta Fa Industries, Inc. Thru: Hung Chen Chen	TCT No. 98056
(b) May 20, 1996	Jean Long Industries, Inc. Thru: Hung Chen Chen	TCT No. PT-89703 TCT No. PT-89704 TCT No. PT-89705
(c) July 21, 1997	J & H Industries, Inc. Thru: Hung Chen Chen	TCT No. PT-106315

For private respondents' failure to pay the quarterly amortizations, petitioner Bank instituted a Petition for Extra-judicial Foreclosure of Real Estate Mortgages with the Executive Judge of the court a quo.

Acting upon the petition, the Notice of Auction Sale by Notary Public was duly published and posted in accordance with the requirements of the law, and a copy was duly served upon private respondents through Hung Chen Chen. The auction sale was set on 22 November 2001 at 10:00 o'clock in the morning at the Main Entrance, City Hall Building.

On 16 November 2001, private respondents filed their Verified Complaint for Accounting/Reconciliation of Accounts, Specific Performance, Write (sic) of Preliminary Injunction with Temporary Restraining Order, and Damages against petitioner. This was docketed as Civil Case No. 68747 and raffled to RTC - Pasig City, Branch 71.

On 22 November 2001, after summary hearing, respondent Judge issued an Order granting private respondents' application for temporary restraining order. And on 21 January 2002, respondent Judge issued the herein assailed Order, granting private respondents' application for the issuance of a writ of preliminary injunction.

Aggrieved by the denial of its Motion for Reconsideration by respondent Judge in an Order dated 10 April 2002, petitioner Bank elevated the case before this Tribunal.³

On June 30, 2003, the CA promulgated its Decision dismissing the Petition for Certiorari, concluding that the Regional Trial Court of Pasig City, Branch 71 (RTC) did not commit any grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack of jurisdiction in issuing the temporary restraining order and, eventually, the writ of preliminary injunction, based on the RTC's finding that petitioner failed to refute respondents' claim that the loan proceeds had not been released in full.

The dispositive portion of the CA Decision reads:

WHEREFORE, premises considered, the Petition is DISMISSED for lack of merit and the assailed 21 January 2002 Order of the trial court is hereby AFFIRMED in toto. No costs.

SO ORDERED.⁴

Petitioner moved for reconsideration but the CA denied said motion per Resolution dated September 26, 2003.

Hence, herein petition alleging that:

I

THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS' DECISION AFFIRMING THE TRIAL COURT'S IMPROVIDENT GRANT OF RESPONDENTS' APPLICATION FOR WRIT OF PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION PROMOTED AN ERRONEOUS CONCLUSION OF FACTS BASED ON PURE CONJECTURE AND NOT ON THE EVIDENCE ON RECORD, WHICH THE TRIAL COURT EVEN UNFAIRLY CREATED IN FAVOR OF THE RESPONDENTS, IN CLEAR DISPLAY OF PARTIALITY.

(a) Hence, the conclusion of facts that formed the basis of the erroneous Decision (Annex "A") would not attain conclusiveness and deserves to be reviewed by this Honorable Court.

II

THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS' DECISION ERRONEOUSLY SANCTIONED THE TRIAL COURT'S DEPARTURE FROM THE ESTABLISHED PROCEDURAL AND JURISPRUDENTIAL RULE ON THE LEGAL GROUNDS FOR ISSUANCE OF WRIT OF PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION.⁵

The Court finds the petition meritorious.

The grounds for the issuance of a writ of preliminary injunction are enumerated in Rule 58, Section 3 of the Revised Rules of Court, which reads as follows:

Sec. 3. Grounds for issuance of preliminary injunction. - A preliminary injunction may be granted when it is established;

(a) That the applicant is entitled to the relief demanded, and the whole or part of such relief consists in restraining the commission or continuance of the act or acts complained of, or in requiring the performance of an act or acts, either for a limited period or perpetually;

(b) That the commission, continuance or non-performance of the act or acts complained of during the litigation would probably work injustice to the applicant; or

(c) That a party, court, agency or a person is doing, threatening, or is attempting to do, or is procuring or suffering to be done, some act or acts probably in violation of the rights of the applicant respecting the subject of the action or proceeding, and tending to render the judgment ineffectual.

Under the rule, it is incumbent upon respondents to prove that they are entitled to the relief of having the public auction sale of their properties restrained. Petitioner claims that respondents failed to adduce proof that they are entitled to a writ of preliminary injunction; hence, the trial court gravely abused its discretion in granting the application for said writ.

Petitioner's allegation that the factual findings of the trial court, as affirmed by the CA, are based on conjecture, misapprehension and misinterpretation of respondents' evidence, are borne out by the records. Indubitably, it is a clear exception to the general rule that findings of fact of the CA are conclusive upon this Court.⁶

The CA conclusion that there was no grave abuse of discretion committed by the RTC is based mainly on its finding that "petitioner is silent as to the factual finding of the trial court that it (petitioner) failed to remit in full the considerations for the real estate mortgages. Thus, it renders such findings conclusive against petitioner."⁷ However, an examination of the records reveals that in petitioner's motion for reconsideration of the RTC Order dated January 21, 2002 granting the application for a writ of preliminary injunction, and again in its Petition for Certiorari before the CA, petitioner had consistently assailed the RTC finding that there was no full remittance of the consideration for the real estate mortgages. Thus, the CA seriously erred in ruling that the trial court's factual finding that petitioner failed to release the loan proceeds in full to respondent Ta Fa Industries, Inc. (Ta Fa) is conclusive on petitioner.

Moreover, petitioner has a valid ground for questioning the sufficiency of the evidence presented by respondents to support their application for a writ of preliminary injunction. Section 1, Rule 131 of the Rules of Court provides, thus:

Sec. 1. Burden of proof. - Burden of proof is the duty of a party to present evidence on the facts in issue necessary to establish his claim or defense by the amount of evidence required by law.

Here, the burden of proof rests with respondents to establish their claim that they have a legal right that should be protected by a writ of preliminary injunction. In L.C. Ordoñez Construction v. Nicdao,⁸ the Court reiterated the ruling that "the burden of proof is on the part of the party who makes the allegations - ei incumbit probatio, qui dicit, non qui negat. If he claims a right granted by law, he must prove his claim by competent evidence, relying on the strength of his own evidence and not upon the weakness of that of his opponent." (Emphasis ours)

Respondents failed to discharge said burden of proof. They do not dispute petitioner's claim that the main evidence in support of their application for the writ of preliminary injunction is the testimony of Atty. Jesus S. Silo. We note the salient points of his testimony, to wit:

Atty. Tomacruz:

Q � � Under subparagraph A of paragraph 3 it is alleged that plaintiffs have not received in full the consideration for the real estate mortgages being foreclosed. What can you say to that?cra lawlibrary

A � � That is true. That is the reason why, because it is a little complicated, I advised the plaintiffs herein to consult directly with a lawyer who's very knowledgeable on the details on this.

Q � � When you said that is true, will you explain a little further?cra lawlibrary

A � � I mean when I gone through the records, from just a cursory observation of the documents, the companies itself on the plaintiffs herein have not received yet the full amount of the loan from the bank.

x x x

Q � � When you say balance, to which amount are you referring, balance of what?cra lawlibrary

A � � Balance of the loan being obtained by the plaintiffs.

Q � � Which according to you has not yet been given to the plaintiffs?cra lawlibrary

A � � That's right, Sir.

Q � � Do you know how much balance has not yet been given to the plaintiffs?

A � � I m sorry, I would not be able to tell you the amount. The exact amount because as I said this is complicated and the details of this I have not gone through.

Q � � Is it substantial?cra lawlibrary

A � � It is substantial. I know it is ranging to millions.

x x x

COURT:

Q � � You mean the loan amounted to 67 Million?cra lawlibrary

A � � That is the demand of the bank, your Honor.

Q � � No, I m asking you how much is the loan obtained by the plaintiffs from defendant bank?cra lawlibrary

A � � I would not know exactly the amount, your Honor, because I came to know about this one only when the letter already was shown to me by the plaintiffs.

Q � � How can you say that there is still a balance?cra lawlibrary

A � � Because in the records, I ve seen in the documents there is still in the documents.

Q � � More or less how much is the balance?cra lawlibrary

A � � I would not remember exactly, your Honor.

x x x x ⁹

On cross-examination, the same witness gave the following answers:

Q � � Would you know in how many times or in how many branches were the loan proceeds released to the plaintiffs corporation?

A � � These are money matter, I did not participate in this.

x x x

Q � � My question is, do you know how many promissory notes were executed to evidence the loan?cra lawlibrary

A � � The exact number of promissory notes I would not know.

Q � � And you would not even know also the actual status of the loan before a demand letter was sent to the plaintiffs corporations, is it not?cra lawlibrary

A � � I was informed by the companies itself, that we have not received the full amount of the loans.

Q � � Okay we go to the point. What evidence can you show to this Honorable Court that not all of the proceeds of the loan were not released to plaintiffs corporations?cra lawlibrary

A � � I do not have documents to show right now, Sir.

x x x

Q � � We re just curious Compañero because if you are claiming that there was no full release of the loan, you would not even know how many promissory notes were executed, the nature of the loan you would not know even, how can you say now that full amount of the loan were not yet released to the plaintiffs corporations?cra lawlibrary

A � � I just based it on the records of the corporation.

Q � � Precisely, I m asking you again the question. What records are these or evidence are these which you can show to this Honorable Court that the loans were not released fully to the plaintiffs corporations?cra lawlibrary

A � � I do not have the documents right now.

Q � � Can you be specific what documents is that if you don't have it with you now?cra lawlibrary

A � � As I was telling you I just gone a cursory look over the records, the details I said, this is a complicated thing which I think you should approach a lawyer who is familiar with all these things.

x x x

Q � � You declared Mr. Witness that the balance of the loan being paid by the plaintiffs are not yet due and demandable, what is your basis in saying so?cra lawlibrary

A � � As I said, I saw a figure there of 67 Million in the demand letter itself and a demand of the same type, interest and other charges. I told the treasurer of the companies involved. As I said this is a complicated matter, on interest, etc. I think you better consult or refer it to a lawyer more familiar with this.

x x x

Q One final question Mr. Witness. Would you know, if you are claiming that the loan were not fully released to plaintiffs corporations, would you know how much if any were released to plaintiffs corporation?cra lawlibrary

A � � If I am not mistaken, Your Honor, I answered it earlier that I do not know the exact figure on how much the balance of the loan.

COURT:

Q � � More or less how many millions?cra lawlibrary

A � � Frankly, Your Honor, when it comes to money computation, etc., I do not want to . . .

Q � � And you are not the accountant?cra lawlibrary

A � � Yes, Your Honor, and I want to avoid that.

x x x x¹⁰ (Emphasis supplied)cralawlibrary

A � � simple perusal of the testimony of respondents' witness readily reveals that he admitted that he does not participate in money matters of respondents; that he does not know the alleged amount that had not been released to respondents, or the balance of the loan. Verily, the foregoing testimony glaringly shows that the witness is incompetent to shed any light on the transactions involved in this case, much less establish that respondents, as plaintiffs, do have a clear and unmistakable right that should be judicially protected through the issuance of a writ of preliminary injunction.

The oft-repeated rule, as stated in Republic of the Philippines v. Caguioa,¹¹ is that:

For a writ of preliminary injunction to issue, the plaintiff must be able to establish that (1) there is a clear and unmistakable right to be protected, (2) the invasion of the right sought to be protected is material and substantial, and (3) there is an urgent and paramount necessity for the writ to prevent serious damage.

Conversely, failure to establish either the existence of a clear and positive right which should be judicially protected through the writ of injunction, or of the acts or attempts to commit any act which endangers or tends to endanger the existence of said right, or of the urgent need to prevent serious damage, is a sufficient ground for denying the preliminary injunction.¹² (Emphasis supplied)cralawlibrary

Furthermore, in Ocampo v. Vda. de Fernandez,¹³ the Court emphasized thus:

It is worthy to reiterate herein the ruling of this Court in Almeida v. Court of Appeals '

In general, a trial court's decision to grant or to deny injunctive relief will not be set aside on appeal unless the court abused its discretion. In granting or denying injunctive relief, a court abuses its discretion when it lacks jurisdiction, fails to consider and make a record of the factors relevant to its determination, relies on clearly erroneous factual findings, considers clearly irrelevant or improper factors, clearly gives too much weight to one factor, relies on erroneous conclusions of law or equity, or misapplies its factual or legal conclusions. In the absence of a clear legal right, the issuance of the injunctive writ constitutes grave abuse of discretion. As the Court had the occasion to state in Olalia v. Hizon:

It has been consistently held that there is no power the exercise of which is more delicate, which requires greater caution, deliberation and sound discretion, or more dangerous in a doubtful case, than the issuance of an injunction. It is the strong arm of equity that should never be extended unless to cases of great injury, where courts of law cannot afford an adequate or commensurate remedy in damages.

Every court should remember that an injunction is a limitation upon the freedom of action of the defendant and should not be granted lightly or precipitately. It should be granted only when the court is fully satisfied that the law permits it and the emergency demands it. [14](Emphasis ours)

In this case, the unreliable and unconvincing testimony of respondents' main witness is utterly deficient to establish the existence of the aforementioned requisites for the issuance of a writ of preliminary injunction.

The trial court also, wittingly or unwittingly, misinterpreted the testimony of petitioner's witnesses by concluding that petitioner failed to release the entire amount of the loan to respondent Ta Fa, when what the witness said was that P6 million out of the P19 million loan granted to Ta Fa was applied as payment to Ta Fa's previous outstanding loans. Such application of proceeds of the subsequent loan bears the consent of Ta Fa since all three Promissory Notes uniformly contain the following stipulation:

x x x

and each of us, do hereby authorize and empower the CHINA BANKING CORPORATION at its option without notice, to apply to the payment of this note and/or any other particular obligation or all or any of us to the CHINA BANKING CORPORATION as the said Corporation may select, the dates of the maturity, whether or nor said obligation are then due, any or all moneys, securities, value which are now or which may hereafter be in its hands on deposit or otherwise to the credit of all or any one of us, and the CHINA BANKING CORPORATION is hereby authorized to sell at public such securities or things of value for the purpose of applying their proceeds to such payments.¹⁵

Hence, it cannot be said that the P6 million was not released for the account of respondent Ta Fa who benefitted from the P6 million as said amount was used to clear his previous obligations.

Such patently capricious and whimsical exercise of the trial court's judgment is tantamount to grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack of jurisdiction. The CA erred in dismissing the Petition for Certiorari filed before it by herein petitioner.

WHEREFORE, the petition is GRANTED. The Decision of the Court of Appeals dated June 30, 2003, and the Resolution dated September 26, 2003 are REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The Order dated January 21, 2002 and the Order dated April 10, 2002 issued by the Regional Trial Court of Pasig, Branch 71, in Civil Case No. 68747 are declared null and void; hence, the writ of preliminary injunction is DISSOLVED.

Costs against respondents.

SO ORDERED.

Endnotes:

---

¹ Penned by Associate Justice Andres B. Reyes, Jr., with Associate Justices Eugenio S. Labitoria and Regalado E. Maambong, concurring; rollo, pp. 8-16.

² Id. at 18.

³ Rollo, pp. 63-65.

⁴ Rollo, p. 16.

⁵ Id. at 34.

⁶ Citibank, N.A. (Formerly First National City Bank) v. Sabeniano, G.R. No. 156132, October 12, 2006, 504 SCRA 378, 409.

⁷ Rollo, p. 66.

⁸ G.R. No. 149669, July 27, 2006, 496 SCRA 745, 752-753.

⁹ TSN, November 21 2001, pp. 8-11; rollo, pp. 120-123.

¹⁰ TSN, November 21, 2001, pp. 17-21, 31; rollo, pp. 129-133, 143.

¹¹ G.R. No. 168584, October 15, 2007, 536 SCRA 193.

¹² Id. at 212.

¹³ G.R. No. 164529, June 19, 2007, 525 SCRA 79.

¹⁴ Id. at 106-107.

¹⁵ Annexes "R," "S" and "T," rollo, pp. 337, 338, 339, respectively,

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