January 2010 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence
[G.R. No. 169858 : January 26, 2010]
JUANITO GERONIMO, ANTONIA LIMSON AND LINDA GERONIMO, PETITIONERS, VS. THE HEIRS OF CARLITO GERONIMO REPRESENTED BY ANGELITO GERONIMO,[1] RESPONDENTS.
R E S O L U T I O N
Petitioners Juanito Geronimo, Antonia Limson and Linda Geronimo were the registered owners of a parcel of land in Balagtas, Bulacan.[5] In 1989, their brother, Carlito Geronimo proposed to develop the property into a resort. Petitioners were enticed by the idea as there was no existing resort facility in the area at that time.
Because their brother had no source of income and they were residing elsewhere,[6] petitioners "sold" the land to him and registered it in his name. Carlito did not pay petitioners a single centavo but was designated as project manager.[7]
Subsequently, Carlito obtained a loan from the Bank of Floridablanca secured by a real estate mortgage over the same property. With the proceeds of the loan and the capital infused by petitioners, Carlito developed the property into the Villa Cristina Resort. He and one Dionisia Santos jointly managed it until he died on June 13, 2002.
On February 7, 2003, petitioners filed a petition for the cancellation of title against respondents, the heirs of Carlito Geronimo[8] represented by Angelito Geronimo, in the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Malolos, Bulacan, Branch 17, asserting that the implied trust created between them and Carlito was extinguished upon the latter's death.
Thereafter, the RTC ordered the service of summons on respondents but they were not known in their purported address.[9] Thus, on petitioners' motion, the RTC ordered the issuance of an alias writ of summons to respondents requiring them to file an answer within 90 days from receipt of notice (or the date of publication).[10]
On September 9, 2003, respondents received the copy of the alias writ of summons sent by registered mail.[11] Inasmuch as the 90-day period to file their answer had almost expired, respondents immediately moved for a 15-day extension. The RTC granted the motion in an order dated September 10, 2003.[12] Respondents subsequently moved for additional extensions which the RTC graciously granted in its October 9, 2003[13] and October 17, 2003[14] orders.
Respondents posted their motion to dismiss on October 27, 2003. The RTC received it on November 5, 2003.
Respondents, in their motion, contended that the court did not acquire jurisdiction over their persons as petitioners knew that they were residing in Block 27, Lot 4, Diego Silang Street, New Capitol Estates I, Diliman, Quezon City, not in 165 Tandang Sora Avenue, Quezon City. The service of summons through publication was therefore improper. Respondents likewise asserted that petitioners did not have a cause of action against them. Petitioners were well-educated individuals; had they not received any consideration for the property, they would not have allowed Carlito to register it in his name.
Meanwhile, because the RTC did not receive respondents' motion to dismiss within the extension granted by the court,[15] petitioners moved to declare them in default.
In an order dated February 17, 2004, the RTC declared respondents in default and ordered petitioners to present evidence ex parte.[16] Respondents moved for reconsideration but it was denied in an order dated May 12, 2004.[17]
Meanwhile, or on March 15, 2004, the RTC proceeded with the ex parte presentation of evidence. Petitioners presented Dionisia Santos as their principal witness. She testified that she and Carlito jointly managed the operations of the Villa Cristina resort and that they acted in accordance with the instructions of petitioners (particularly Antonia and Linda). Petitioners likewise presented a demand letter from respondents asking them to cease operating the resort on the ground that the property belonged to their deceased father, Carlito. In view of these pieces of evidence, the RTC concluded that petitioners were able to prove their allegations by preponderance of evidence. An implied trust[18] had indeed been created between petitioners and Carlito.
In a decision dated May 25, 2004,[19] the RTC nullified the sale of the property to Carlito and ordered the Registrar of Deeds to cancel his title and issue a new one in the names of petitioners.
Aggrieved, respondents immediately filed a petition for certiorari in the CA.[20] They asserted that the RTC committed grave abuse of discretion in issuing the May 12, 2004 order and rendering the May 25, 2004 decision. The RTC should not have declared them in default[21] since they mailed the motion to dismiss within the period of extension granted by the trial court.[22]
In a decision dated May 24, 2005, the CA, noting that respondents posted their motion to dismiss on October 27, 2003, granted the petition and remanded the case for further proceedings.
Petitioners moved for reconsideration but it was denied in a resolution dated September 20, 2005.[23]
Hence, this recourse where petitioners assert that the CA erred in granting the petition for certiorari considering that respondents did not move for the reconsideration of the May 25, 2004 RTC decision before filing the said petition.
The petition has merit.
Settled is the rule that a special civil action for certiorari can prosper only if the aggrieved party has no other plain, speedy and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law, such as a motion for reconsideration, so as to allow the lower court to correct its alleged error.[24]
Respondents did not move for the reconsideration of the May 25, 2004 decision of the RTC. Considering that the RTC leniently granted respondents' motions for extension to file an answer, it did not render the assailed order and decision arbitrarily by reason of personal hostility.[25] Thus, a motion for reconsideration, if meritorious, was not useless.[26] Consequently, the petition for certiorari should have been dismissed outright for respondent's failure to file a motion for reconsideration.
WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby GRANTED. The May 25, 2005 decision and September 20, 2005 resolution of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. No. SP No. 84633 are hereby REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The February 17, 2004 and May 12, 2004 orders and May 25, 2004 decision of the Regional Trial Court of Malolos, Bulacan, Branch 17 are hereby REINSTATED.
Costs against respondents.
SO ORDERED.
Corona, (Chairperson), Carpio*, Velasco, Jr., Nachura and Peralta, JJ., concur.
Endnotes:
* Per Special Order No. 818 dated January 18, 2010.
[1] The Court of Appeals was impleaded as party-defendant but was excluded pursuant to Section 4, Rule 45 of the Rules of Court.
[2] Under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court.
[3] Penned by Associate Justice Rosalinda Asuncion-Vicente and concurred in by Associate Justices Godardo A. Jacinto (retired) and Bienvenido L. Reyes of the Second Division of the Court of Appeals. Rollo, pp. 29-44.
[4] Penned by Associate Justice Rosalinda Asuncion-Vicente and concurred in by Associate Justices Godardo A. Jacinto (retired) and Regalado E. Maambong (retired) of the Special Former Second Division of the Court of Appeals. Id., pp. 46-47.
[5] Petitioners purchased the property from Petra Marcelino in 1977 for P9,000. Thus, TCT No. 100048 (in the name of Marcelino) was cancelled and TCT No. 242109 (in the names of petitioners) was issued in lieu thereof.
[6] Juanito resided in the United States where he worked as an engineer while Antonia and Linda were based in Manila.
[7] Consequently, TCT No. 242109 was cancelled by TCT No. 51980 issued in the name of Carlito Geronimo.
[8] Angelito Geronimo, Leonor Angela P. Geronimo, Carlita C. Geronimo, Maria Teresa S. Geronimo, Carl Louie S. Geronimo, Christina P. Geronimo, Edgar P. Geronimo, George C. Geronimo, Genaro C. Geronimo, Maria Angelina C. Geronimo, Jovito C. Geronimo, Roberto S. Geronimo, Carlo S. Geronimo, Ava S. Geronimo, Christopher S. Geronimo and John Paul P. Geronimo.
[9] Officer's return dated March 4, 2003 executed by process server Carlos T. Perez. Rollo, p. 70. It stated:
x x x x x x x x x
I further certify that on [February 28, 2003], the undersigned served a copy of the same petition and its annexes to [respondents] upon [their representative's] given address at 165 Tandang Sora Avenue, Quezon City. When I arrived there, I learned that no such person in the name of Angelito Geronimo resides in that place, instead I talked to a certain Aniceto A. Geronimo and told me that he is not related to [respondents] in the summons.
[10] Order issued by Judge Teresita V. Diaz-Balgos. Dated April 8, 2003. Id., p. 73. (The summons was published in the Luzon Newsweekly on June 9, 16 and 23, 2003. Thus, respondents had until September 22, 2003 to file their answer.)
[11] Officer's return dated September 15, 2003. Id., p. 91.
[12] Id., p. 90.
[13] Id., p. 94. The October 9, 2003 order stated:
Finding merit in the reason cited in the Urgent Ex-parte Motion for Extension filed by [respondents], on October 7, 2003, the Court hereby grants the latter a period of fifteen days from October 2 or until October 17, 2003 within which to file their answer or any responsive pleading. (emphasis supplied)
[14] Id., p. 103. The October 17, 2003 order stated:
Acting on the Final Motion for Time dated October 16, 2003 filed by [respondents], through counsel, and for the reasons stated therein, the Court hereby grants the latter a period of ten (10) days from October 17, 2003 or until October 27, 2003, within which to file their answer/responsive pleading. (emphasis supplied)
[15] Respondents' motion to dismiss was received by the RTC on November 5, 2003. Id., pp. 104-108.
[16] Id., pp. 120-121.
[17] Id., pp. 140-145.
[18] See Civil Code, Art. 1453 which provides:
Article 1453. When property is conveyed to a person in reliance upon his declared intention to hold it for, or transfer it to another or the grantor, there is an implied trust in favor of the person whose benefit is contemplated.
[19] Id., pp. 147-154.
[20] Under Rule 65 of the Rules of Court. Docketed as CA-G.R. SP No. 84633.
[21] Rules of Court, Rule 10, Sec. 3 provides:
Section 10. Default, declaration of.-- If the defending party fails to file an answer within the time allowed therefor, the court shall, upon motion of the claiming party with notice to the defending party, and proof of such failure, declare the defending party in default. Thereupon , the court shall proceed to render judgment granting the claimant such relief as his pleading may warrant unless the court in its discretion requires the claimant to submit evidence. Such reception of evidence may be delegated to the clerk of court. (emphasis supplied)
x x x x x x x x x
[22] RULES OF COURT, Rule 13, Sec. 3 provides:
Section 3. Manner of filing. ― The filing of pleadings, appearances, motions, notices, orders, judgments and all other papers shall be made by presenting the original copies thereof, plainly indicated as such, personally to the clerk of the court or by sending them by registered mail. In the first case, the clerk of court shall endorse on the pleading the date and hour of filing. In the second case, the date of the mailing of motions, pleadings, or any other papers or payments or deposits, as shown by the post office stamp on the envelope or the registry receipt, shall be considered as the date of their filing, payment, or deposit in court. The envelope shall be attached to the record of the case. (emphasis supplied)
[23] Id., pp. 46-47.
[24] Marawi Maranao General Hospital, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 402 Phil. 356, 370-371 (2001).
[25] Urethane Trading Specialist v. Ong, G.R. No. 164632, 29 October 2008. (Grave abuse of discretion exists when the trial court exercised its judicial power in an arbitrary or despotic manner by reason of passion or personal hostility in a manner so patent and gross as to amount to an evasion of a positive duty or a virtual refusal to perform the duty enjoined by, or to act at all in contemplation of law.)
[26] Marawi Marantao General Hospital v. Court of Appeals, supra note 24 at 371.
