Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence


Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2012 > April 2012 Decisions > [G.R. No. 173840 : April 25, 2012] SAMAR II ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, INC. (SAMELCO II) AND ITS BOARD OF DIRECTORS, COMPOSED OF DEBORAH T. MARCO (IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT), ATTY. MEDINO L. ACUBA, ENGR. MANUEL C. OREJOLA, ALFONSO F. QUILAPIO, RAUL DE GUZMAN AND PONCIANO R. ROSALES (GENERAL MANAGER AND EX OFFICIO DIRECTOR), PETITIONERS, VS. ANANIAS D. SELUDO, JR., RESPONDENT.:




THIRD DIVISION

[G.R. No. 173840 : April 25, 2012]

SAMAR II ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, INC. (SAMELCO II) AND ITS BOARD OF DIRECTORS, COMPOSED OF DEBORAH T. MARCO (IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT), ATTY. MEDINO L. ACUBA, ENGR. MANUEL C. OREJOLA, ALFONSO F. QUILAPIO, RAUL DE GUZMAN AND PONCIANO R. ROSALES (GENERAL MANAGER AND EX OFFICIO DIRECTOR), PETITIONERS, VS. ANANIAS D. SELUDO, JR., RESPONDENT.

D E C I S I O N


PERALTA, J.:

Assailed in the present petition for review on certiorari under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court are the Decision[1] and Resolution[2] dated January 26, 2006 and July 12, 2006, respectively, of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. CEB SP No. 01175. The CA Decision dismissed petitioners' petition for certiorari and affirmed the Orders of the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Calbiga, Samar, Branch 33, dated May 6, 2005 and September 15, 2005, while the CA Resolution denied petitioners' Motion for Reconsideration.cralaw

Herein petitioner Samar II Electric Cooperative, Inc. (SAMELCO II) was organized under the provisions of Presidential Decree (P.D.) No. 269, otherwise known as the �National Electrification Administration Decree,� as amended by P.D. No. 1645. The individual petitioners are members of SAMELCO II's Board of Directors.  Respondent was also a member of the SAMELCO II Board of Directors having been elected thereto in 2002 and whose term of office expired in May 2005.

The antecedent facts, as summarized by the CA, are as follows:

As members of the Board of Directors (BOD) of the petitioner Samar II Electric Cooperative, Inc. (SAMELCO II), an electric cooperative providing electric service to all members-consumers in all municipalities within the Second Congressional District of the Province of Samar, individual petitioners passed Resolution No. 5 [Series] of 2005 on January 22, 2005.

The said resolution disallowed the private respondent to attend succeeding meetings of the BOD effective February 2005 until the end of his term as director. The same resolution also disqualified him for one (1) term to run as a candidate for director in the upcoming district elections.

Convinced that his rights as a director of petitioner SAMELCO II had been curtailed by the subject board resolution, private respondent filed an Urgent Petition for Prohibition against petitioner SAMELCO II, impleading individual petitioners as directors thereof, in the Regional Trial Court (RTC) in Calbiga, Samar. The case was docketed as Special Civil Case No. C-2005-1085 and was raffled to Branch 33 of the said court x x x.

In his petition, private respondent prayed for the nullification of Resolution No. 5, [Series] of 2005, contending that it was issued without any legal and factual bases. He likewise prayed that a temporary restraining order (TRO) and/or a writ of preliminary injunction be issued to enjoin the individual petitioners from enforcing the assailed board resolution.

Granting private respondent's prayer for a TRO, the public respondent issued one, effective for seventy-two (72) hours which effectivity was later on extended for another seventeen (17) days.

In their answer to the petition for prohibition, individual petitioners raised the affirmative defense of lack of jurisdiction of the RTC over the subject matter of the case. Individual petitioners assert that, since the matter involved an electric cooperative, SAMELCO II, primary jurisdiction is vested on the National Electrification Administration (NEA).

In her assailed Order dated May 6, 2005, [the RTC judge] sustained the jurisdiction of the court over the petition for prohibition and barred the petitioners and/or their representatives from enforcing Resolution No. 5 [Series] of 2005.

x x x[3]

Petitioners filed a motion for reconsideration, but the same was denied by the RTC in its September 15, 2005 Order.

Petitioners then elevated the case to the CA via a special civil action for certiorari, imputing grave abuse of discretion on the part of the RTC in issuing its assailed Orders.

On January 26, 2006, the CA rendered its Decision dismissing petitioners' petition for certiorari and affirming the assailed Orders of the RTC.

Petitioners filed a motion for reconsideration, but it was denied by the CA in its July 12, 2006 Resolution.

Hence, the instant petition with the following assigned errors:

(1)

IN ITS INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF THE DOCTRINE OF PRIMARY JURISDICTION, THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS COMMITTED LEGAL ERRORS IN LIMITING THE DOCTRINE TO �CERTAIN MATTERS IN CONTROVERSIES INVOLVING SPECIALIZED DISPUTES� AND IN UPHOLDING THE JURISDICTION OF THE TRIAL COURT OVER THE URGENT PETITION FOR PROHIBITION FILED BY RESPONDENT SELUDO ON THE GROUND THAT THE ISSUES RAISED THEREIN �DO NOT REQUIRE THE TECHNICAL EXPERTISE OF THE NEA�

(2)

THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, IN SUSTAINING THE JURISDICTION OF THE TRIAL COURT, COMMITTED AN ERROR OF LAW BY HOLDING THAT �A PERUSAL OF THE LAW CREATING THE NEA DISCLOSES THAT THE NEA WAS NOT GRANTED THE POWER TO HEAR AND DECIDE CASES INVOLVING THE VALIDITY OF BOARD RESOLUTIONS UNSEATING ANY MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS� AND THAT �NEITHER WAS IT GRANTED JURISDICTION OVER PETITIONS FOR CERTIORARI, PROHIBITION OR MANDAMUS.�

(3)

THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS COMMITTED AN ERROR OF LAW WHEN IT SUSTAINED THE JURISDICTION OF [THE] TRIAL COURT OVER THE PETITION FOR PROHIBITION DESPITE THE EXISTENCE OF APPEAL OR OTHER PLAIN, SPEEDY AND ADEQUATE REMEDY AVAILABLE TO THEREIN PETITIONER SELUDO.[4]

In their first assigned error, petitioners contend that the CA erred in interpreting the doctrine of primary jurisdiction in a very limited sense. Petitioners aver that in a number of cases, this Court applied the doctrine of primary jurisdiction even in cases where the issues involved do not require the technical expertise of administrative bodies.

Petitioners also argue, in their second assignment of error, that it is wrong for the CA to rule that there is nothing under the law creating the National Electrification Administration (NEA), which grants the said administrative body the power to ascertain the validity of board resolutions unseating any member of the Board of Directors of an electric cooperative. Citing the provisions of P.D. Nos. 269 and 1645, petitioners aver that the NEA is empowered to determine the validity of resolutions passed by electric cooperatives.

In their third assigned error, petitioners assert that respondent is precluded from filing a petition for prohibition considering that, under the applicable laws, it has an adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law.

The Court finds the petition meritorious. As the assigned errors are interrelated, the Court will discuss them jointly.

Section 10, Chapter II of P.D. No. 269, as amended by Section 5 of P.D. No. 1645, provides:

Section 5. Section 10, Chapter II of Presidential Decree No. 269 is hereby amended to read as follows:

Section 10. Enforcement Powers and Remedies. - In the exercise of its power of supervision and control over electric cooperatives and other borrower, supervised or controlled entities, the NEA is empowered to issue orders, rules and regulations and motu proprio or upon petition of third parties, to conduct investigations, referenda and other similar actions in all matters affecting said electric cooperatives and other borrower, or supervised or controlled entities.

If the electric cooperative concerned or other similar entity fails after due notice to comply with NEA orders, rules and regulations and/or decisions, or with any of the terms of the Loan Agreement, the NEA Board of Administrators may avail of any or all of the following remedies:

x x x x.

(e) Take preventive and/or disciplinary measures including suspension and/or removal and replacement of any or all of the members of the Board of Directors, officers or employees of the Cooperative, other borrower institutions or supervised or controlled entities as the NEA Board of Administrators may deem fit and necessary and to take any other remedial measures as the law or the Loan Agreement may provide.

x x x x  (Emphasis supplied.)

In addition, Subsection (a), Section 24, Chapter III of P.D. No. 269, as amended by Section 7 of P.D. No. 1645, states:

Section 7. Subsection (a), Section 24, Chapter III of Presidential Decree No. 269 is hereby amended to read as follows:

Section 24. Board of Directors. - (a) The Management of a Cooperative shall be vested in its Board, subject to the supervision and control of NEA which shall have the right to be represented and to participate in all Board meetings and deliberations and to approve all policies and resolutions.

The composition, qualifications, the manner of elections and filling of vacancies, the procedures for holding meetings and other similar provisions shall be defined in the by-laws of the Cooperative subject to NEA policies, rules and regulations.

x x x.  (Emphasis supplied.)

A comparison of the original provisions of Sections 10 and 24 of P.D. No. 269 and the amendatory provisions under Sections 5 and 7 of P.D. No. 1645 would readily show that the intention of the framers of the amendatory law is to broaden the powers of the NEA.

A clear proof of such expanded powers is that, unlike P.D. No. 269, P.D. No. 1645 expressly provides for the authority of the NEA to exercise supervision and control over electric cooperatives. In administrative law, supervision means overseeing or the power or authority of an officer to see that subordinate officers perform their duties.[5]  If the latter fail or neglect to fulfill them, the former may take such action or step as prescribed by law to make them perform their duties.[6] Control, on the other hand, means the power of an officer to alter or modify or nullify or set aside what a subordinate officer had done in the performance of his duties and to substitute the judgment of the former for that of the latter.[7]  Section 38 (1), Chapter 7, Book 4 of Executive Order No. 292, otherwise known as the Administrative Code of 1987 provides, thus:

Supervision and control shall  include the authority to act directly whenever a specific function is entrusted by law or regulation to a subordinate; direct the performance of duty; restrain the commission of acts; review, approve, reverse or modify acts and decisions of subordinate officials or units; determine priorities in the execution of plans and programs; and prescribe standards, guidelines, plans and programs x x x. (Emphasis supplied.)

The Court, therefore, finds it erroneous on the part of the CA to rule that the doctrine of primary jurisdiction does not apply in the present case. It is true that the RTC has jurisdiction over the petition for prohibition filed by respondent.[8] However, the basic issue in the present case is not whether the RTC has jurisdiction over the petition for prohibition filed by respondent; rather, the issue is who between the RTC and the NEA has primary jurisdiction over the question of the validity of the Board Resolution issued by SAMELCO II. A careful reading of the above-quoted provisions of P.D. No. 1645 clearly show that, pursuant to its power of supervision and control, the NEA is granted  the authority to conduct investigations and other similar actions as well as to issue orders, rules and regulations  with respect to all matters affecting electric cooperatives. Certainly, the matter as to the validity of the resolution issued by the Board of Directors of SAMELCO II, which practically removed respondent from his position as a member of the Board of Directors and further disqualified him to run as such in the ensuing election, is a matter which affects the said electric cooperative and, thus, comes within the ambit of the powers of the NEA as expressed in Sections 5 and 7 of P.D. No. 1645.

In this regard, the Court agrees with petitioners' argument that to sustain the petition for prohibition filed by respondent with the RTC would constitute an unnecessary intrusion into the NEA's power of supervision and control over electric cooperatives.

Based on the foregoing discussions, the necessary conclusion that can be arrived at is that, while the RTC has jurisdiction over the petition for prohibition filed by respondent, the NEA, in the exercise of its power of supervision and control, has primary jurisdiction to determine the issue of the validity of the subject resolution.

It may not be amiss to reiterate the prevailing rule that the doctrine of primary jurisdiction applies where a claim is originally cognizable in the courts and comes into play whenever enforcement of the claim requires the resolution of issues which, under a regulatory scheme, has been placed within the special competence of an administrative agency.[9]  In such a case, the court in which the claim is sought to be enforced may suspend the judicial process pending referral of such issues to the administrative body for its view or, if the parties would not be unfairly disadvantaged, dismiss the case without prejudice.[10]

Corollary to the doctrine of primary jurisdiction is the principle of exhaustion of administrative remedies.  The Court, in a long line of cases,[11] has held that before a party is allowed to seek the intervention of the courts, it is a pre-condition that he avail himself of all administrative processes afforded him.  Hence, if a remedy within the administrative machinery can be resorted to by giving the administrative officer every opportunity to decide on a matter that comes within his jurisdiction, then such remedy must be exhausted first before the court�s power of judicial review can be sought.[12] The premature resort to the court is fatal to one�s cause of action.[13] Accordingly, absent any finding of waiver or estoppel, the case may be dismissed for lack of cause of action.[14]

The doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies is based on practical and legal reasons.[15] The availment of administrative remedy entails lesser expenses and provides for a speedier disposition of controversies.[16] Furthermore, the courts of justice, for reasons of comity and convenience, will shy away from a dispute until the system of administrative redress has been completed and complied with, so as to give the administrative agency concerned every opportunity to correct its error and dispose of the case.[17]

True, the doctrines of primary jurisdiction and exhaustion of administrative remedies are subject to certain exceptions, to wit: (a) where there is estoppel on the part of the party invoking the doctrine; (b) where the challenged administrative act is patently illegal, amounting to lack of jurisdiction; (c) where there is unreasonable delay or official inaction that will irretrievably prejudice the complainant; (d) where the amount involved is relatively so small as to make the rule impractical and oppressive; (e) where the question involved is purely legal and will ultimately have to be decided by the courts of justice; (f) where judicial intervention is urgent; (g) where the application of the doctrine may cause great and irreparable damage; (h) where the controverted acts violate due process; (i) where the issue of non-exhaustion of administrative remedies has been rendered moot; (j) where there is no other plain, speedy and adequate remedy; (k) where strong public interest is involved; and (l) in quo warranto proceedings.[18]

Respondent, however, failed to show that the instant case falls under any of the above-enumerated exceptions. While respondent alleged in his Urgent Petition for Prohibition that the subject resolution was issued with grave abuse of discretion and in violation of his right to due process, mere allegation of arbitrariness will not suffice to vest in the trial court the power that has been specifically granted by law to special government agencies.[19] Moreover, the issues raised in the petition for prohibition, particularly the issue of whether or not there are valid grounds to disallow respondent from attending SAMELCO's Board meetings and to disqualify him from running for re-election as a director of the said Board, are not purely legal questions. Instead, they involve a determination of factual matters which fall within the competence of the NEA to ascertain.

Finally, the Court agrees with petitioners' contention that the availability of an administrative remedy via a complaint filed before the NEA precludes respondent from filing a petition for prohibition before the court. It is settled that one of the requisites for a writ of prohibition to issue is that there is no plain, speedy and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law.[20] In order that prohibition will lie, the petitioner must first exhaust all administrative remedies.[21]  Thus, respondent's failure to file a complaint before the NEA prevents him from filing a petition for prohibition before the RTC.cralaw

WHEREFORE, the instant petition is GRANTED. The questioned Decision and Resolution of the Court of Appeals dated  January 26, 2006 and July 12, 2006, respectively, as well as the Orders of the Regional Trial Court of Calbiga, Samar, Branch 33, dated May 6, 2005 and September 15, 2005, are REVERSED and SET ASIDE. A new judgment is entered DISMISSING the Urgent Petition for Prohibition (Special Civil Action No. C-2005-1085) filed by respondent Ananias D. Seludo, Jr.

SO ORDERED.

Velasco, (Chairperson), Abad, Mendoza, and Perlas-Bernabe, JJ., concur.

Endnotes:


[1]  Penned by Associate Justice Isaias P. Dicdican, with Associate Justices Ramon M. Bato, Jr. and Apolinario D. Bruselas, Jr.., concurring; rollo, pp. 50-55.

[2]  Penned by Associate Justice Isaias P. Dicdican, Jr., with Associate Justices Apolinario D. Bruselas, Jr. and Marlene Gonzales-Sison, concurring, id. at 56-57.

[3]  Rollo, pp. 51-52.

[4]  Id. at 30, 36 and 40.

[5]  Social Justice Society (SJS) v. Atienza, Jr., G.R. No. 156052, February 13, 2008, 545 SCRA 92, 152; Veterans Federation of the Philippines v. Reyes, G.R. No. 155027, February 28, 2006, 483 SCRA 526, 564; Mondano v. Silvosa, 97 Phil. 143, 147-148 (1955).

[6]  Id.

[7]  Id.

[8]  Section 21(1) of Batas Pambansa Blg. 129 provides that the RTC shall exercise original jurisdiction in the issuance, among others, of a writ of prohibition.

[9]  Rosito Bagunu v. Spouses Francisco Aggabao and Rosenda Acerit, G.R. No. 186487, August 15, 2011; Phil Pharmawealth, Inc. v. Pfizer, Inc. and Pfizer (Phil.) Inc., G.R. No. 167715, November 17, 2010, 635 SCRA 140, 153; Euro-Med Laboratories Phil., Inc. v. The Province of Batangas, G.R. No. 148106, July 17, 2006, 495 SCRA 301, 305.

[10] Id.

[11] City Engineer of Baguio v. Baniqued, G.R. No. 150270, November 26, 2008, 571 SCRA 617, 627-628; Buston-Arendain v. Gil, G.R. No. 172585, June 26, 2008, 555 SCRA 561, 572; Province of Zamboanga del Norte v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 109853, October 11, 2000, 342 SCRA 549, 557.

[12] Id.

[13] Id.

[14] Id.

[15] Public Hearing Committee of the Laguna Lake Development Authority v. SM Prime Holdings, Inc., G.R. No. 170599, September 22, 2010, 631 SCRA 73, 79; Montanez v. Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudicator (PARAD), G.R. No. 183142, September 17, 2009, 600 SCRA 217, 230.

[16] Id.

[17] Public Hearing Committee of the Laguna Lake Development Authority v. SM Prime Holdings, Inc., supra, at 79-80; Montanez v. Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudicator (PARAD), supra, at 230-231.

[18] Vigilar v. Aquino, G.R. No. 180388, January 18, 2011, 639 SCRA 772, 777, citing Republic of the Philippines v. Lacap, G.R. No. 158253, March 2, 2007, 517 SCRA 255, 265-266.

[19] Province of Zamboanga del Norte v. Court of Appeals, supra note 10, at 559.

[20] Hon. Eduardo Ermita, in his official capacity as The Executive Secretary v. Hon. Jenny Lind R. Aldecoa-Delorino, Presiding Judge, Branch 137, Regional Trial Court, Makati City, Association of Petrochemical Manufacturers of the Philippines, representing JG Summit Petrochemical Corporation, et al., G.R. No. 177130, June 7, 2011; Yusay v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 156684, April 6, 2011, 647 SCRA 269, 283-284; Ongsuco v. Malones, G.R. No. 182065, October 27, 2009, 604 SCRA 499, 515.

[21] Regalado, Remedial Law Compendium, Vol. I, Sixth Revised Edition, p. 712, citing Cebedo, et. al. v. Director of Lands, et al., 111 Phil. 1049, 1053 (1961).



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  • [A.C. No. 6903 : April 16, 2012] SUZETTE DEL MUNDO, COMPLAINANT, VS. ATTY. ARNEL C. CAPISTRANO, RESPONDENT.

  • [A.C. No. 6332 : April 17, 2012] IN RE: SUPREME COURT RESOLUTION DATED 28 APRIL 2003 IN G.R. NOS. 145817 AND 145822

  • [G.R. No. 175139 : April 18, 2012] HERMOJINA ESTORES, PETITIONER, VS. SPOUSES ARTURO AND LAURA SUPANGAN, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 180177 : April 18, 2012] ROGELIO S. REYES, PETITIONER, VS. THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 185918 : April 18, 2012] LOCKHEED DETECTIVE AND WATCHMAN AGENCY, INC., PETITIONER, VS. UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 171995 : April 18, 2012] STEELCASE, INC., PETITIONER, VS. DESIGN INTERNATIONAL SELECTIONS, INC., RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 194677 : April 18, 2012] ALEN H. SANTIAGO, PETITIONER, VS. PACBASIN SHIPMANAGEMENT, INC. AND/OR MAJESTIC CARRIERS, INC., RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 167735 : April 18, 2012] LAND BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, PETITIONER, VS. HEIRS OF SALVADOR ENCINAS AND JACOBA DELGADO, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 177761 : April 18, 2012] PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, APPELLEE, VS. REMEDIOS TANCHANCO Y PINEDA, APPELLANT.

  • [G.R. No. 200030 : April 18, 2012] PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, VS. NELSON BAYOT Y SATINA, ACCUSED-APPELLANT.

  • [G.R. No. 193415 : April 18, 2012] SPOUSES DAISY AND SOCRATES M. AREVALO, PETITIONERS, VS. PLANTERS DEVELOPMENT BANK AND THE REGISTER OF DEEDS OF PARA�AQUE CITY, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 175039 : April 18, 2012] ADDITION HILLS MANDALUYONG CIVIC & SOCIAL ORGANIZATION, INC., PETITIONER, VS. MEGAWORLD PROPERTIES & HOLDINGS, INC., WILFREDO I. IMPERIAL, IN HIS CAPACITY AS DIRECTOR, NCR, AND HOUSING AND LAND USE REGULATORY BOARD, DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 177611 : April 18, 2012] REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES (UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES), PETITIONER, VS. RODOLFO L. LEGASPI, SR., QUEROBIN L. LEGASPI, OFELIA LEGASPI-MUELA, PURISIMA LEGASPI VDA. DE MONDEJAR, VICENTE LEGASPI, RODOLFO LEGASPI II, AND SPOUSES ROSALINA LIBO-ON AND DOMINADOR LIBO-ON, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 192514 : April 18, 2012] D.M. CONSUNJI, INC. AND/OR DAVID M. CONSUNJI, PETITIONERS, VS. ESTELITO L. JAMIN, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 180898 : April 18, 2012] PHILIPPINE CHARTER INSURANCE CORPORATION, PETITIONER, VS. PETROLEUM DISTRIBUTORS & SERVICE CORPORATION RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 188921 : April 18, 2012] LEO C. ROMERO AND DAVID AMANDO C. ROMERO, PETITIONERS, VS. HON. COURT OF APPEALS, AURORA C. ROMERO AND VITTORIO C. ROMERO, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 163700 : April 18, 2012] CHARLIE JAO, PETITIONER, VS. BCC PRODUCTS SALES INC., AND TERRANCE TY, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 163657 : April 18, 2012] INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES/MARILYN C. PASCUAL, PETITIONER, VS. ROEL P. LOGARTA, RESPONDENT.

  • [A.M. No. P-11-3004 (Formerly OCA I.P.I. No. 10-3483-P) : April 18, 2012] JUDGE ANDREW P. DULNUAN, COMPLAINANT, VS. ESTEBAN D. DACSIG, CLERK OF COURT II, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 163125 : April 18, 2012] JOSE ABELGAS, JR. AND LETECIA JUSAYAN DE ABELGAS, PETITIONERS, VS. SERVILLANO COMIA, RURAL BANK OF SOCORRO INC. AND RURAL BANK OF PINAMALAYAN, INC. RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 182331 : April 18, 2012] MA. CORINA C. JIAO, RODEN B. LOPEZ, FRANCISCO L. DIMAYUGA, NORMA G. DEL VALLE, MACARIO G. MARASIGAN, LANIE MARIA B. PASANA, NILO M. DE CASTRO, ANGELITO M. BALITAAN, CESAR L. RICO, CRISPIN S. CONSTANTINO, GLENDA S. CORPUZ, LEONILA C. TUAZON, ALFREDO S. DAZA, LORNA R. CRUZ, MARIA M. AMBOJIA, NOEMI M. JAPOR, ANGELITO V. DANAN, GLORIA M. SALAZAR, JOHN V. VIGILIA, ROEL D. ROBINO, WILLIAM L. ENDAYA, TERESITA M. ROMAN, ARTURO M. SABALLE, AUGUSTO N. RIGOR, ALLAN O. OLANO, RODOLFO T. CABATU, NICANOR R. BRAVO, EDUARDO M. ALCANTARA, FELIPE F. OCAMPO, ELPIDIO C. ADALIA, RENATO M. CRUZ, JOSE C. PEREZ, JR., FERNANDO V. MAPILE, ROMEO R. PATRICIO, FERNANDO N. RONGAVILLA, FERMIN A. COBRADOR, ANTONIO O. BOSTRE, RALPH M. MICHAELSON, CRISTINA G. MANIO, EDIGARDO M. BAUTISTA, CYNTHIA C. SANIEL, PRISCILLA F. DAVID, MACARIO V. ARNEDO, NORLITO V. HERNANDEZ, ALFREDO G. BUENAVENTURA, JOSE R. CASTRONUEVO, OLDERICO M. AGORILLA, CESAR M. PEREZ, RONALD M. GENER, EMMANUEL G. QUILAO, BENJAMIN C. CUBA, EDGARDO S. MEDRANO, GODOFREDO D. PATENA, VIRGILIO G. ILAGAN, MYRNA C. LEGASPI, ELIZABETH P. REYES, ANTONIO A. TALON, ROMEO P. CRUZ, ELEANOR T. TAN, FERDINAND G. PINAUIN, MA. OLIVETTE A. NAKPIL, GILBERT NOVIEM A. COLUMNA, ARTHUR L. ABELLA, BENJAMIN L. ENRIQUEZ, ANTONINO P. QUEVEDO, ADFEL GEORGE MONTEMAYOR, RAMON S. VELASCO, WILFREDO M. HALILI, ANTONIO M. LUMANGLAS, ANDREW M. MAGNO, SONNY S. ESTANISLAO, RODOLFO S. ALABASTRO, MICAH B. MARALIT, LINA M. QUEBRAL, REBECCA R. NARCISO, RONILO T. TOLENTINO, RUPERTO B. LETAN, JR., MEDARDO A. VASQUEZ, VALENTINA A. SANTIAGO, RODELO S. DIAZ, JOHN O. CORDIAL, EDWIN J. ANDAYA, RODRIGO M. MOJADO, GERMAN L. ESTRADA, BENJAMIN B. DADUYA, MARLYN A. MUNOZ, MARIVIC M. DIONISIO, CESAR M. FLORES, JACINTO T. GUINTO, JR., BELEN C. SALAVERRIA, EVELYN M. ANZURES, GLORIA D. ABELLA, LILIAN V. BUNUAN, MA. CONCEPCION G. UBIADAS, ROLANDO I. CAMPOSANO, MONICO R. GOREMBALEM, ELADIO M. VICENCIO, AMORSOLO B. BELTRAN, LEOPOLDO B. JUAREZ, NEPHTALI V. SALAZAR, SANGGUNI P. ROQUE, ROY O. SAPANGHILA, MELVIN A. DEVEZA, CARMENCITA D. ABELLA, PRIMITIVO S. AGUAS, JOSE MA. ANTONIO I. BUGAY, HILARIO P. DE GUZMAN, WILLIAM C. VENTIGAN, NOEL L. AMA, ROMEO G. USON, RAOUL E. VELASCO, FLORENCIO B. PAGSALIGAN, RUBEN C. CRUZ, ANGELA D. CUSTODIO, NOEL C. CABEROY, GUILLERMO V. GAVINO, JR., GAUDENCIO P. BESA, AIDA M. PADILLA, ROWENA M. BAUYON, HENRY C. EPISCOPE, ALVIN T. PATRIARCA, EUSTAQUIO C. AQUINO, JR., VALENTINO T. ARELLANO, REYNALDO J. AUSTRIA, BAYANI A. CUNANAN, EFREN T. JOSE, EDUARDO P. LORIA, REYNALDO M. PORTILLO, ARMANDO B. DUPAYA, SESINANDO S. GOMEZ, BRICCIO B. GAFFUD III, DANILO N. PALO, MARIO F. SOLANO, MARIANITO B. GOOT AND ELSA S. TANGO, ZENAIDA N. GARIN, RUBY L. TEJADA, JOEL B. GARCIA, MA. RUBY L. JIMENEA, ARLENE L. MADLANGBAYAN, ROCELY P. MARASIGAN, MA. ROSARIO H. RIVERA, OSCAR G. BARACHINA, EDITA M. REMO, ROBERTO P. ENDAYA, ALELI B. ALANO, FRANCISCO T. MENEZ, CAMILO N. CARILLO, ROSEMARIE A. DOMINGO, LYNDON D. ENOROBA, MERLY H. JAVELLANA, HERNES M. MANDABON, LUZ G. ONG, GILBERTO B. PICO, CRISPIN A. TAMAYO, RICARDO C. VERNAIZ, RENATO V. SACRAMENTO, CLODUALDO O. GOMEZ, MARINEL O. ALPINO, ELY P. RAMOS, NICANOR E. REYES, JR., PETITIONERS, VS. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, GLOBAL BUSINESS BANK, INC., CORPORATE OFFICERS OF GLOBAL BANK: ROBIN KING, HENRY M. SUN, BENJAMIN G. CHUA, JR., JOVENCIO F. CINCO, EDWARD S. GO, MARY VY TY, TAKANORI NAKANO, JOHN K.C. NG, FLORENCIO T. MALLARE, EDMUND/EDDIE GAISANO, FRANCISCO SEBASTIAN, SAMUEL S. YAP, ALFRED VY TY, GEN TOMII, CHARLES WAI-BUN CHEUNG AND METROPOLITAN BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 170425 : April 23, 2012] SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, NATIONAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION AND DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, PETITIONER, VS. RIZZA G. MENDOZA, CARLITO LEE, GRESHIELA G. COMPENDIO, RAUL RIVERA, REY BELTRAN, REX ALMOJUELA, LINDA P. CAPALUNGAN, HILDA R. RONQUILLO, MA. LODA CALMA, TERESITA P. ALMOJUELA, RUFINA ABAD AND AMADOR A. PASTRANA, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 143264 : April 23, 2012] LISAM ENTERPRISES, INC. REPRESENTED BY LOLITA A. SORIANO, AND LOLITA A. SORIANO, PETITIONERS, VS. BANCO DE ORO UNIBANK, INC. (FORMERLY PHILIPPINE COMMERCIAL INTERNATIONAL BANK),[*] LILIAN S. SORIANO, ESTATE OF LEANDRO A. SORIANO, JR., REGISTER OF DEEDS OF LEGASPI CITY, AND JESUS L. SARTE, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 179488 : April 23, 2012] COSCO PHILIPPINES SHIPPING, INC., PETITIONER, VS. KEMPER INSURANCE COMPANY, RESPONDENT.

  • [A.M. No. MTJ-08-1711 : April 23, 2012] RAMONCITO AND JULIANA LUARCA, VS. COMPLAINANTS, JUDGE IRENEO B. MOLATO, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT, BONGABONG, ORIENTAL MINDORO, RESPONDENT. [A.M. NO. MTJ-08-1716] JENY AGBAY, COMPLAINANT, VS. JUDGE IRENEO B. MOLATO, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT, BONGABONG, ORIENTAL MINDORO, RESPONDENT.

  • [A.M. No. P-11-2948 [Formerly OCA I.P.I. No. 09-3049-P] : April 23, 2012] EVELYN V. JALLORINA, COMPLAINANT, VS. RICHELLE TANEO-REGNER, DATA ENTRY MACHINE OPERATOR II, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, OFFICE OF THE CLERK OF COURT, SAN MATEO, RIZAL, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 175042 : April 23, 2012] DANILO A. DU, PETITIONER, VS. VENANCIO R. JAYOMA, THEN MUNICIPAL MAYOR OF MABINI, BOHOL, VICENTE GULLE, JR., JOVENIANO MIANO, WILFREDO MENDEZ, AGAPITO VALLESPIN, RENE BUCIO, JESUS TUTOR, CRESCENCIO BERNALES, EDGARDO YBANEZ, AND REY PAGALAN, THEN MEMBERS OF THE SANGGUNIANG BAYAN (SB) OF MABINI, BOHOL, RESPONDENTS.

  • [A.C. No. 7481 : April 24, 2012] LORENZO D. BRENNISEN, COMPLAINANT, VS. ATTY. RAMON U. CONTAWI, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 171101 : April 24, 2012] HACIENDA LUISITA, INCORPORATED, PETITIONER, LUISITA INDUSTRIAL PARK CORPORATION AND RIZAL COMMERCIAL BANKING CORPORATION, PETITIONERS-IN-INTERVENTION, VS. PRESIDENTIAL AGRARIAN REFORM COUNCIL; SECRETARY NASSER PANGANDAMAN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRARIAN REFORM; ALYANSA NG MGA MANGGAGAWANG BUKID NG HACIENDA LUISITA, RENE GALANG, NOEL MALLARI, AND JULIO SUNIGA[1] AND HIS SUPERVISORY GROUP OF THE HACIENDA LUISITA, INC. AND WINDSOR ANDAYA, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 191970 : April 24, 2012] ROMMEL APOLINARIO JALOSJOS, PETITIONER, VS. THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS AND DAN ERASMO, SR., RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. Nos. 184379-80 : April 24, 2012] RODOLFO NOEL LOZADA, JR., VIOLETA LOZADA AND ARTURO LOZADA, PETITIONERS, VS. PRESIDENT GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO, EDUARDO ERMITA, AVELINO RAZON, ANGEL ATUTUBO AND SPO4 ROGER VALEROSO,* RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 164987 : April 24, 2012] LAWYERS AGAINST MONOPOLY AND POVERTY (LAMP), REPRESENTED BY ITS CHAIRMAN AND COUNSEL, CEFERINO PADUA, MEMBERS, ALBERTO ABELEDA, JR., ELEAZAR ANGELES, GREGELY FULTON ACOSTA, VICTOR AVECILLA, GALILEO BRION, ANATALIA BUENAVENTURA, EFREN CARAG, PEDRO CASTILLO, NAPOLEON CORONADO, ROMEO ECHAUZ, ALFREDO DE GUZMAN, ROGELIO KARAGDAG, JR., MARIA LUZ ARZAGA-MENDOZA, LEO LUIS MENDOZA, ANTONIO P. PAREDES, AQUILINO PIMENTEL III, MARIO REYES, EMMANUEL SANTOS, TERESITA SANTOS, RUDEGELIO TACORDA, SECRETARY GEN. ROLANDO ARZAGA, BOARD OF CONSULTANTS, JUSTICE ABRAHAM SARMIENTO, SEN. AQUILINO PIMENTEL, JR., AND BARTOLOME FERNANDEZ, JR., PETITIONERS, VS. THE SECRETARY OF BUDGET AND MANAGEMENT, THE TREASURER OF THE PHILIPPINES, THE COMMISSION ON AUDIT, AND THE PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN REPRESENTATION OF THE MEMBERS OF THE CONGRESS, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 192791 : April 24, 2012] DENNIS A. B. FUNA, PETITIONER, VS. THE CHAIRMAN, COMMISSION ON AUDIT, REYNALDO A. VILLAR, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 181367 : April 24, 2012] LA CARLOTA CITY, NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, REPRESENTED BY ITS MAYOR, HON. JEFFREY P. FERRER, AND THE SANGGUNIANG PANLUNGSOD OF LA CARLOTA CITY, NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, REPRESENTED BY ITS VICE-MAYOR, HON. DEMIE JOHN C. HONRADO, PETITIONERS, VS. ATTY. REX G. ROJO, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 193261 : April 24, 2012] MEYNARDO SABILI, PETITIONER, VS. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS AND FLORENCIO LIBREA, RESPONDENTS.

  • [A.C. No. 7940 : April 24, 2012] RE: SC DECISION DATED MAY 20, 2008 IN G.R. NO. 161455 UNDER RULE 139-B OF THE RULES OF COURT, VS. ATTY. RODOLFO D. PACTOLIN, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 184528 : April 25, 2012] NILO OROPESA, PETITIONER, VS. CIRILO OROPESA, RESPONDENT.

  • [A.M. No. MTJ-11-1781 (Formerly OCA I.P.I. No. 09-2161-MTJ) : April 25, 2012] DR. RAMIE G. HIPE, COMPLAINANT, VS. JUDGE ROLANDO T. LITERATO, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT, MAINIT, SURIGAO DEL NORTE, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 183706 : April 25, 2012] PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, VS. SAMSON ESCLETO, ACCUSED-APPELLANT.

  • [G.R. No. 170865 : April 25, 2012] PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, PETITIONER, VS. SPOUSES CHEAH CHEE CHONG AND OFELIA CAMACHO CHEAH, RESPONDENTS. [G.R. NO. 170892] SPOUSES CHEAH CHEE CHONG AND OFELIA CAMACHO CHEAH, PETITIONERS, VS. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 183308 : April 25, 2012] INSULAR INVESTMENT AND TRUST CORPORATION, PETITIONER, VS. CAPITAL ONE EQUITIES CORP. (NOW KNOWN AS CAPITAL ONE HOLDINGS CORP.) AND PLANTERS DEVELOPMENT BANK, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 189434 : April 25, 2012] FERDINAND R. MARCOS, JR. PETITIONER, VS. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY THE PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON GOOD GOVERNMENT, RESPONDENT. [G.R. NO. 189505] IMELDA ROMUALDEZ-MARCOS, PETITIONER , VS. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 190610 : April 25, 2012] PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PLAINTIFF AND APPELLEE, VS. SATURNINO DE LA CRUZ AND JOSE BRILLANTES Y LOPEZ, ACCUSED. JOSE BRILLANTES Y LOPEZ, ACCUSED-APPELLANT.

  • [G.R. No. 192737 : April 25, 2012] NEMIA CASTRO, PETITIONER, VS. ROSALYN GUEVARRA AND JAMIR GUEVARRA, RESPONDENTS.

  • [A.M. No. P-12-3058 [Formerly A.M. OCA I.P.I. No. 10-3357-P] : April 25, 2012] LEAVE DIVISION, OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES, OFFICE OF THE COURT OF ADMINISTRATOR, COMPLAINANT, VS. GEORGE E. GAREZA, SHERIFF III, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT IN CITIES, VICTORIAS CITY, NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 194813 : April 25, 2012] KAKAMPI AND ITS MEMBERS, VICTOR PANUELOS, ET AL., REPRESENTED BY DAVID DAYALO, KAKAMPI VICE PRESIDENT AND ATTORNEY-IN-FACT, PETITIONER, VS. KINGSPOINT EXPRESS AND LOGISTIC AND/OR MARY ANN CO, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 189127 : April 25, 2012] NATIONAL POWER CORPORATION, PETITIONER, VS. SPOUSES BERNARDO AND MINDALUZ SALUDARES, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 187919 : April 25, 2012] RAFAEL H. GALVEZ AND KATHERINE L. GUY, PETITIONERS, VS. HON. COURT OF APPEALS AND ASIA UNITED BANK, RESPONDENTS. [G.R. NO. 187979] ASIA UNITED BANK, PETITIONER, VS. GILBERT G. GUY, PHILIP LEUNG, KATHERINE L. GUY, RAFAEL H. GALVEZ AND EUGENIO H. GALVEZ, JR., RESPONDENTS. [G.R. NO. 188030] GILBERT G. GUY, PHILIP LEUNG AND EUGENIO H. GALVEZ, JR., PETITIONERS, VS. ASIA UNITED BANK, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 188497 : April 25, 2012] COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, PETITIONER, VS. PILIPINAS SHELL PETROLEUM CORPORATION, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 190321 : April 25, 2012] PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, VS. SAMMY UMIPANG Y ABDUL, ACCUSED-APPELLANT.

  • [G.R. No. 190569 : April 25, 2012] P/INSP. ARIEL S. ARTILLERO, PETITIONER, VS. ORLANDO C. CASIMIRO, OVERALL DEPUTY OMBUDSMAN, OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY OMBUDSMAN; BERNABE D. DUSABAN, PROVINCIAL PROSECUTOR, OFFICE OF THE PROVINCIAL PROSECUTOR OF ILOILO; EDITO AGUILLON, BRGY. CAPT., BRGY. LANJAGAN, AJUY, ILOILO, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 190749 : April 25, 2012] VALENTIN ZAFRA Y DECHOSA AND EROLL MARCELINO Y REYES, PETITIONERS, VS. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 194024 : April 25, 2012] PHILIP L. GO, PACIFICO Q. LIM AND ANDREW Q. LIM PETITIONERS, VS. DISTINCTION PROPERTIES DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION, INC. RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 183916 : April 25, 2012] SPOUSES NICANOR MAGNO AND CARIDAD MAGNO, PETITIONERS, VS. HEIRS OF PABLO PARULAN, REPRESENTED BY EMILIANO PARULAN, DEPARTMENT OF AGRARIAN REFORM, BALIUAG, BULACAN, OFFICE OF THE REGISTER OF DEEDS OF GUIGUINTO, BULACAN, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 172538 : April 25, 2012] ISABELO ESPERIDA, LORENZO HIPOLITO, AND ROMEO DE BELEN, PETITIONERS, VS. FRANCO K. JURADO, JR., RESPONDENT.

  • [G.R. No. 161909 : April 25, 2012] PHILTRANCO SERVICE ENTERPRISES, INC., PETITIONER, VS. FELIX PARAS AND INLAND TRAILWAYS, INC., AND HON. COURT OF APPEALS, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 173870 : April 25, 2012] OSCAR DEL CARMEN, JR., PETITIONER, VS. GERONIMO BACOY, GUARDIAN AND REPRESENTING THE CHILDREN, NAMELY: MARY MARJORIE B. MONSALUD, ERIC B. MONSALUD, METZIE ANN B. MONSALUD, KAREEN B. MONSALUD, LEONARDO B. MONSALUD, JR., AND CRISTINA B. MONSALUD, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 173840 : April 25, 2012] SAMAR II ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, INC. (SAMELCO II) AND ITS BOARD OF DIRECTORS, COMPOSED OF DEBORAH T. MARCO (IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT), ATTY. MEDINO L. ACUBA, ENGR. MANUEL C. OREJOLA, ALFONSO F. QUILAPIO, RAUL DE GUZMAN AND PONCIANO R. ROSALES (GENERAL MANAGER AND EX OFFICIO DIRECTOR), PETITIONERS, VS. ANANIAS D. SELUDO, JR., RESPONDENT.

  • [A.M No. P-11-3003 (Formerly A.M. IPI No. 08-2970-P) : April 25, 2012] RE: COMPLAINT FILED BY PAZ DE VERA LAZARO AGAINST EDNA MAGALLANES, COURT STENOGRAPHER III, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 28; AND BONIFACIO G. MAGALLANES, PROCESS SERVER, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 30, BAYOMBONG, NUEVA VIZCAYA.

  • [G.R. No. 192190 : April 25, 2012] BILLY M. REALDA, PETITIONER, VS. NEW AGE GRAPHICS, INC. AND JULIAN I. MIRASOL, JR. RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 193250 : April 25, 2012] PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, PETITIONER, VS. AMELIO TRIA AND JOHN DOE, RESPONDENTS.

  • [G.R. No. 185829 : April 25, 2012] ARMANDO ALILING, PETITIONER, VS. JOSE B. FELICIANO, MANUEL F. SAN MATEO III, JOSEPH R. LARIOSA, AND WIDE WIDE WORLD EXPRESS CORPORATION, RESPONDENTS.