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Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2013 > January 2013 Decisions > G.R. No. 170498 : January 09, 2013 - METROPOLITAN BANK & TRUST COMPANY, Petitioner, v. ABSOLUTE MANAGEMENT CORPORATION, RESPONDENT.:




G.R. No. 170498 : January 09, 2013 - METROPOLITAN BANK & TRUST COMPANY, Petitioner, v. ABSOLUTE MANAGEMENT CORPORATION, RESPONDENT.

PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

SECOND DIVISION

[G.R. No. 170498, January 09, 2013]

METROPOLITAN BANK & TRUST COMPANY, Petitioner, v. ABSOLUTE MANAGEMENT CORPORATION, Respondent.

D E C I S I O N

BRION, J.:

We resolve petitioner Metropolitan Bank & Trust Company's (Metrobank 's) petition for review on certiorari1ςrνl1 seeking the reversal of the decision2ςrνl1 dated August 25, 2005 and the resolution3ςrνl1 dated November 17, 2005 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. SP No. 86336. The assailed decision affirmed the order4ςrνl1 dated May 7, 2004 of the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Quezon City, Branch 80. The RTC had denied the admission of Metrobank's Fourth-Party Complaint5ςrνl1 against the Estate of Jose L. Chua for being a money claim that falls under Section 5, Rule 86 of the Rules of Court; the claim should have been filed in the pending judicial settlement of Chua's estate before the RTC of Pasay City. The CA affirmed the RTC's order based on the same ground.cralawlibrary

Factual Antecedents

On October 5, 2000, Sherwood Holdings Corporation, Inc. (SHCI) filed a complaint for sum of money against Absolute Management Corporation (AMC). The complaint was docketed as Civil Case No. Q-00-42105 and was assigned to the RTC of Quezon City, Branch 80.6ςrνl1

SHCI alleged in its complaint that it made advance payments to AMC for the purchase of 27,000 pieces of plywood and 16,500 plyboards in the sum of P12,277,500.00, covered by Metrobank Check Nos. 1407668502, 140768507, 140768530, 140768531, 140768532, 140768533 and 140768534. These checks were all crossed, and were all made payable to AMC. They were given to Chua, AMC's General Manager, in 1998.7ςrνl1

Chua died in 1999,8ςrνl1 and a special proceeding for the settlement of his estate was commenced before the RTC of Pasay City. This proceeding was pending at the time AMC filed its answer with counterclaims and third-party complaint.9ςrνl1

SHCI made demands on AMC, after Chua's death, for allegedly undelivered items worth P8,331,700.00. According to AMC, these transactions could not be found in its records. Upon investigation, AMC discovered that in 1998, Chua received from SHCI 18 Metrobank checks worth P31,807,500.00. These were all payable to AMC and were crossed or "for payee's account only[.]”10ςrνl1

In its answer with counterclaims and third-party complaint,11ςrνl1 AMC averred that it had no knowledge of Chua's transactions with SHCI and it did not receive any money from the latter. AMC also asked the RTC to hold Metrobank liable for the subject checks in case it is adjudged liable to SHCI.cralawlibrary

Metrobank filed a motion for bill of particulars,12ςrνl1 seeking to clarify certain ambiguous statements in AMC's answer. The RTC granted the motion but AMC failed to submit the required bill of particulars. Hence, Metrobank filed a motion to strike out the third-party complaint.13ςrνl1

In the meantime, Metrobank filed a motion to dismiss14ςrνl1 against AMC on the ground that the latter engaged in prohibited forum shopping. According to Metrobank, AMC's claim against it is the same claim that it raised against Chua's estate in Special Proceedings No. 99-0023 before the RTC of Pasay City, Branch 112. The RTC subsequently denied this motion.15ςrνl1

The RTC of Quezon City opted to defer consideration16ςrνl1 of Metrobank's motion to strike out third-party complaint17ςrνl1 and it instead granted AMC's motion for leave to serve written interrogatories on the third- party defendant.18ςrνl1 While Metrobank filed its answer to the written interrogatories, AMC was again directed by the RTC, in an order19ςrνl1 dated August 13, 2003, to submit its bill of particulars. Instead, AMC filed a motion for reconsideration20ςrνl1 which was denied in an order21ςrνl1 dated October 28, 2003. AMC still did not file its bill of particulars. The RTC, on the other hand, did not act on Metrobank's motion to strike out AMC's third-party complaint.22ςrνl1

In its answer23ςrνl1 dated December 1, 2003, Metrobank admitted that it deposited the checks in question to the account of Ayala Lumber and Hardware, a sole proprietorship Chua owned and managed. The deposit was allegedly done with the knowledge and consent of AMC. According to Metrobank, Chua then gave the assurance that the arrangement for the handling of the checks carried AMC's consent. Chua also submitted documents showing his position and interest in AMC. These documents, as well as AMC's admission in its answer that it allowed Chua to manage AMC with a relative free hand, show that it knew of Chua's arrangement with Metrobank. Further, Chua's records show that the proceeds of the checks were remitted to AMC which cannot therefore now claim that it did not receive these proceeds.cralawlibrary

Metrobank also raised the defense of estoppel. According to Metrobank, AMC had knowledge of its arrangements with Chua for several years. Despite this arrangement, AMC did not object to nor did it call the attention of Metrobank about Chua's alleged lack of authority to deposit the checks in Ayala Lumber and Hardware's account. At this point, AMC is already estopped from questioning Chua's authority to deposit these checks in Ayala Lumber and Hardware's account.cralawlibrary

Lastly, Metrobank asserted that AMC gave Chua unbridled control in managing AMC's affairs. This measure of control amounted to gross negligence that was the proximate cause of the loss that AMC must now bear.cralawlibrary

Subsequently, Metrobank filed a motion for leave to admit fourth- party complaint24ςrνl1 against Chua's estate. It alleged that Chua's estate should reimburse Metrobank in case it would be held liable in the third-party complaint filed against it by AMC.cralawlibrary

The RTC's Ruling

In an order25ςrνl1 dated May 7, 2004, the RTC denied Metrobank's motion. It likewise denied Metrobank's motion for reconsideration in an order26ςrνl1 dated July 7, 2004.cralawlibrary

The RTC categorized Metrobank's allegation in the fourth-party complaint as a "cobro de lo indebido27ςrνl1 - a kind of quasi-contract that mandates recovery of what has been improperly paid. Quasi-contracts fall within the concept of implied contracts that must be included in the claims required to be filed with the judicial settlement of the deceased's estate under Section 5, Rule 86 of the Rules of Court. As such claim, it should have been filed in Special Proceedings No. 99-0023, not before the RTC as a fourth-party complaint. The RTC, acting in the exercise of its general jurisdiction, does not have the authority to adjudicate the fourth-party complaint. As a trial court hearing an ordinary action, it cannot resolve matters pertaining to special proceedings because the latter is subject to specific rules.cralawlibrary

Metrobank responded to the RTC ruling by filing a petition for certiorari28ςrνl1 under Rule 65 before the CA.cralawlibrary

The CA's Ruling

The CA affirmed the RTC's ruling that Metrobank's fourth-party complaint should have been filed in Special Proceedings No. 99-0023.29ςrνl1

According to the CA, the relief that Metrobank prayed for was based on a quasi-contract and was a money claim categorized as an implied contract that should be filed under Section 5, Rule 86 of the Rules of Court.cralawlibrary

Based on the statutory construction principle of lex specialis derogat generali, the CA held that Section 5, Rule 86 of the Rules of Court is a special provision that should prevail over the general provisions of Section 11, Rule 6 of the Rules of Court. The latter applies to money claims in ordinary actions while a money claim against a person already deceased falls under the settlement of his estate that is governed by the rules on special proceedings. If at all, rules for ordinary actions only apply suppletorily to special proceedings.

The Present Petition

In its present petition for review on certiorari,30ςrνl1 Metrobank asserts that it should be allowed to file a fourth-party complaint against Chua's estate in the proceedings before the RTC; its fourth-party complaint was filed merely to enforce its right to be reimbursed by Chua's estate in case Metrobank is held liable to AMC. Hence, Section 11, Rule 6 of the Rules of Court should apply.cralawlibrary

AMC, in its comment,31ςrνl1 maintains the line that the CA and the RTC rulings should be followed, i.e., that Metrobank's claim is a quasi-contract that should be filed as a claim under Section 5, Rule 86 of the Rules of Court.cralawlibrary

AMC also challenges the form of Metrobank's petition for failure to comply with Section 4, Rule 45 of the Rules of Court. This provision requires petitions filed before the Supreme Court to be accompanied by "such material portions of the record as would support the petition[.]" According to AMC, the petition's annexes are mostly Metrobank's pleadings and court issuances. It did not append all relevant AMC pleadings before the RTC and the CA. For this reason, the petition should have been dismissed outright.cralawlibrary

Issues


The parties' arguments, properly joined, present to us the following issues:

1)
Whether the petition for review on certiorari filed by Metrobank before the Supreme Court complies with Section 4, Rule 45 of the Rules of Court; and
2)
Whether Metrobank's fourth-party complaint against Chua's estate should be allowed.


The Court's Ruling

The Present Petition Complies With Section 4, Rule 45 of the Rules of Court

AMC posits that Metrobank's failure to append relevant AMC pleadings submitted to the RTC and to the CA violated Section 4, Rule 45 of the Rules of Court,32ςrνl1 and is a sufficient ground to dismiss the petition under Section 5, Rule 45 of the Rules of Court.33ςrνl1

We disagree with AMC's position.cralawlibrary

In F.A.T. Kee Computer Systems, Inc. v. Online Networks International, Inc.,34ςrνl1 Online Networks International, Inc. similarly assailed F.A.T. Kee Computer Systems, Inc.'s failure to attach the transcript of stenographic notes (TSN) of the RTC proceedings, and claimed this omission to be a violation of Section 4, Rule 45 of the Rules of Court that warranted the petition's dismissal. The Court held that the defect was not fatal, as the TSN of the proceedings before the RTC forms part of the records of the case. Thus, there was no incurable omission that warranted the outright dismissal of the petition.cralawlibrary

The Court significantly pointed out in F.A.T. Kee that the requirement in Section 4, Rule 45 of the Rules of Court is not meant to be an absolute rule whose violation would automatically lead to the petition's dismissal.35ςrνl1 � The Rules of Court has not been intended to be totally rigid. In fact, the Rules of Court provides that the Supreme Court "may require or allow the filing of such pleadings, briefs, memoranda or documents as it may deem necessary within such periods and under such conditions as it may consider appropriate";36ςrνl1 and "[i]f the petition is given due course, the Supreme Court may require the elevation of the complete record of the case or specified parts thereof within fifteen (15) days from notice."37ςrνl1 These provisions are in keeping with the overriding standard that procedural rules should be liberally construed to promote their objective and to assist the parties in obtaining a just, speedy and inexpensive determination of every action or proceeding.38ςrνl1

Under this guiding principle, we do not see Metrobank's omission to be a fatal one that should warrant the petition's outright dismissal. To be sure, the omission to submit the adverse party's pleadings in a petition before the Court is not a commendable practice as it may lead to an unduly biased narration of facts and arguments that masks the real issues before the Court. Such skewed presentation could lead to the waste of the Court's time in sifting through the maze of the parties' narrations of facts and arguments and is a danger the Rules of Court seeks to avoid.cralawlibrary

Our examination of Metrobank's petition shows that it contains AMC's opposition to its motion to admit fourth-party complaint among its annexes. The rest of the pleadings have been subsequently submitted as attachments in Metrobank's Reply. A reading of these pleadings shows that their arguments are the same as those stated in the orders of the trial court and the Court of Appeals. Thus, even if Metrobank's petition did not contain some of AMC's pleadings, the Court still had the benefit of a clear narration of facts and arguments according to both parties' perspectives. In this broader view, the mischief that the Rules of Court seeks to avoid has not really been present. If at all, the omission is not a grievous one that the spirit of liberality cannot address.cralawlibrary

The Merits of the Main Issue

The main issue poses to us two essential points that must be addressed. First, are quasi-contracts included in claims that should be filed pursuant to Rule 86, Section 5 of the Rules of Court? Second, if so, is Metrobank's claim against the Estate of Jose Chua based on a quasi- contract?

Quasi-contracts are included in
claims that should be filed under Rule
86, Section 5 of the Rules of Court


In Maclan v. Garcia,39ςrνl1 Gabriel Maclan filed a civil case to recover from Ruben Garcia the necessary expenses he spent as possessor of a piece of land. Garcia acquired the land as an heir of its previous owner. He set up the defense that this claim should have been filed in the special proceedings to settle the estate of his predecessor. Maclan, on the other hand, contended that his claim arises from law and not from contract, express or implied. Thus, it need not be filed in the settlement of the estate of Garcia's predecessor, as mandated by Section 5, Rule 87 of the Rules of Court (now Section 5, Rule 86).cralawlibrary

The Court held under these facts that a claim for necessary expenses spent as previous possessor of the land is a kind of quasi-contract. Citing Leung Ben v. O'Brien,40ςrνl1 it explained that the term "implied contracts," as used in our remedial law, originated from the common law where obligations derived from quasi-contracts and from law are both considered as implied contracts. Thus, the term quasi-contract is included in the concept "implied contracts" as used in the Rules of Court. Accordingly, liabilities of the deceased arising from quasi-contracts should be filed as claims in the settlement of his estate, as provided in Section 5, Rule 86 of the Rules of Court.41ςrνl1

Metrobank's fourth-party complaint
is based on quasi-contract


Both the RTC and the CA described Metrobank's claim against Chua's estate as one based on quasi-contract. A quasi-contract involves a juridical relation that the law creates on the basis of certain voluntary, unilateral and lawful acts of a person, to avoid unjust enrichment.42ςrνl1 The Civil Code provides an enumeration of quasi-contracts,43ςrνl1 but the list is not exhaustive and merely provides examples.44ςrνl1

According to the CA, Metrobank's fourth-party complaint falls under the quasi-contracts enunciated in Article 2154 of the Civil Code.45ςrνl1 Article 2154 embodies the concept "solutio indebiti" which arises when something is delivered through mistake to a person who has no right to demand it. It obligates the latter to return what has been received through mistake.46ςrνl1

Solutio indebiti, as defined in Article 2154 of the Civil Code, has two indispensable requisites: first, that something has been unduly delivered through mistake; and second, that something was received when there was no right to demand it.47ςrνl1

In its fourth-party complaint, Metrobank claims that Chua's estate should reimburse it if it becomes liable on the checks that it deposited to Ayala Lumber and Hardware's account upon Chua's instructions.cralawlibrary

This fulfills the requisites of solutio indebiti. First, Metrobank acted in a manner akin to a mistake when it deposited the AMC checks to Ayala Lumber and Hardware's account; because of Chua's control over AMC's operations, Metrobank assumed that the checks payable to AMC could be deposited to Ayala Lumber and Hardware's account. Second, Ayala Lumber and Hardware had no right to demand and receive the checks that were deposited to its account; despite Chua's control over AMC and Ayala Lumber and Hardware, the two entities are distinct, and checks exclusively and expressly payable to one cannot be deposited in the account of the other. This disjunct created an obligation on the part of Ayala Lumber and Hardware, through its sole proprietor, Chua, to return the amount of these checks to Metrobank.cralawlibrary

The Court notes, however, that its description of Metrobank's fourth- party complaint as a claim closely analogous to solutio indebiti is only to determine the validity of the lower courts' orders denying it. It is not an adjudication determining the liability of Chua's estate against Metrobank. The appropriate trial court should still determine whether Metrobank has a lawful claim against Chua's estate based on quasi-contract.cralawlibrary

Metrobank's fourth-party complaint,
as a contingent claim, falls within the
claims that should be filed under Section 5,
Rule 86 of the Rules of Court


A distinctive character of Metrobank's fourth-party complaint is its contingent nature - the claim depends on the possibility that Metrobank would be adjudged liable to AMC, a future event that may or may not happen. This characteristic unmistakably marks the complaint as a contingent one that must be included in the claims falling under the terms of Section 5, Rule 86 of the Rules of Court:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary

Sec. 5. Claims which must be filed under the notice. If not filed, barred; exceptions. - All claims for money against the decedent, arising from contract, express or implied, whether the same be due, not due, or contingent, all claims for funeral expenses and expenses for the last sickness of the decedent, and judgment for money against the decedent, must be filed within the time limited in the notice[.] [italics ours]

Specific provisions of Section 5, Rule 86 of the
Rules of Court prevail over general provisions
of Section 11, Rule 6 of the Rules of Court


Metrobank argues that Section 11, Rule 6 of the Rules of Court should apply because it impleaded Chua's estate for reimbursement in the same transaction upon which it has been sued by AMC. On this point, the Court supports the conclusion of the CA, to wit:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary

Notably, a comparison of the respective provisions of Section 11, Rule 6 and Section 5, Rule 86 of the Rules of Court readily shows that Section 11, Rule 6 applies to ordinary civil actions while Section 5, Rule 86 specifically applies to money claims against the estate. The specific provisions of Section 5, Rule 86 x x x must therefore prevail over the general provisions of Section 11, Rule 6[.]48ςrνl1

We read with approval the CA's use of the statutory construction principle of lex specialis derogat generali, leading to the conclusion that the specific provisions of Section 5, Rule 86 of the Rules of Court should prevail over the general provisions of Section 11, Rule 6 of the Rules of Court; the settlement of the estate of deceased persons (where claims against the deceased should be filed) is primarily governed by the rules on special proceedings, while the rules provided for ordinary claims, including Section 11, Rule 6 of the Rules of Court, merely apply suppletorily.49ςrνl1

In sum, on all counts in the considerations material to the issues posed, the resolution points to the affirmation of the assailed CA decision and resolution. Metrobank's claim in its fourth-party complaint against Chua's estate is based on quasi-contract. It is also a contingent claim that depends on another event. Both belong to the category of claims against a deceased person that should be filed under Section 5, Rule 86 of the Rules of Court and, as such, should have been so filed in Special Proceedings No. 99-0023.cralawlibrary

WHEREFORE, premises considered, we hereby DENY the petition for lack of merit. The decision of the Court of Appeals dated August 25, 2005, holding that the Regional Trial Court of Quezon City, Branch 80, did not commit grave abuse of discretion in denying Metropolitan Bank & Trust Company's motion for leave to admit fourth-party complaint is AFFIRMED. Costs against Metropolitan Bank & Trust Company.cralawlibrary

SO ORDERED.

Carpio, (Chairperson), Del Castillo, Perez, and Perlas-Bernabe, JJ., concur.cralawlibrary

Endnotes:


1ςrνl1 Rollo, pp. 9-18.cralawlibrary

2ςrνl1 Id. at 24-32. Penned by Associate Justice Fernanda Lampas Peralta, and concurred in by Associate Justices Ruben T. Reyes (now a retired member of this Court) and Josefina Guevara-Salonga.cralawlibrary

3ςrνl1 Id. at 34-35.cralawlibrary

4Id. at 121-123. Penned by Judge Agustin S. Dizon.cralawlibrary

5ςrνl1 Id. at 110-1 13.cralawlibrary

6ςrνl1 Id. at 25.cralawlibrary

7ςrνl1 Id. at 232-233.cralawlibrary

8ςrνl1 Id. at 233.cralawlibrary

9ςrνl1 Id. at 11.cralawlibrary

10ςrνl1 Id. at 233.cralawlibrary

11ςrνl1 Id. at 147-156.cralawlibrary

12ςrνl1 Id. at 48-50.cralawlibrary

13ςrνl1 Id. at 76-77.cralawlibrary

14ςrνl1 Id. at 51-60.cralawlibrary

15ςrνl1 Order dated May 23, 2001; id. at 68-70.cralawlibrary

16ςrνl1 Order dated June 4, 2002; id. at 78.cralawlibrary

17ςrνl1 Id. at 11.cralawlibrary

18ςrνl1 Id. at 72-75.cralawlibrary

19ςrνl1 Id. at 86-87.cralawlibrary

20ςrνl1 Id. at 88-93.cralawlibrary

21ςrνl1 Id. at 94.cralawlibrary

22ςrνl1 Id. at 12.cralawlibrary

23ςrνl1 Id. at 95-101.cralawlibrary

24ςrνl1 Supra note 5.cralawlibrary

25ςrνl1 Supra note 4.cralawlibrary

26ςrνl1 Rollo, pp. 128-129.cralawlibrary

27ςrνl1 Id. at 122.cralawlibrary

28ςrνl1 Id. at 130-141.cralawlibrary

29ςrνl1 Supra notes 2 and 3.cralawlibrary

30ςrνl1 Supra note 1.cralawlibrary

31ςrνl1 Supra note 7.cralawlibrary

32ςrνl1 Sec. 4. Contents of petition. - The petition shall be filed in eighteen (18) copies, with the original copy intended for the court being indicated as such by the petitioner, and shall (a) state the full name of the appealing party as the petitioner and the adverse party as respondent, without impleading the lower courts or judges thereof either as petitioners or respondents; (b) indicate the material dates showing when notice of the judgment or final order or resolution subject thereof was received, when a motion for new trial or reconsideration, if any, was filed and when notice of the denial thereof was received; (c) set forth concisely a statement of the matters involved, and the reasons or arguments relied on for the allowance of the petition; (d) be accompanied by a clearly legible duplicate original, or a certified true copy of the judgment or final order or resolution certified by the clerk of court of the court a quo and the requisite number of plain copies thereof, and such material portions of the record as would support the petition; and (e) contain a sworn certification against forum shopping as provided in the last paragraph of section 2, Rule 42. [italics ours]

33ςrνl1 Sec. 5. Dismissal or denial of petition. - The failure of the petitioner to comply with any of the foregoing requirements regarding the payment of the docket and other lawful fees, deposit for costs, proof of service of the petition, and the contents of and the documents which should accompany the petition shall be sufficient ground for the dismissal thereof. [italics ours]

34ςrνl1 G.R. No. 171238, February 2, 2011, 641 SCRA 390.cralawlibrary

35ςrνl1 Id. at 401.cralawlibrary

36ςrνl1 Section 7, Rule 45 of the Rules of Court provides:

"Pleadings and documents that may be required; sanctions. � For purposes of determining whether the petition should be dismissed or denied pursuant to section 5 of this Rule, or where the petition is given due course under section 8 hereof, the Supreme Court may require or allow the filing of such pleadings, briefs, memoranda or documents as it may deem necessary within such periods and under such conditions as it may consider appropriate, and impose the corresponding sanctions in case of non-filing or unauthorized filing of such pleadings and documents or noncompliance with the conditions thereof." (italics ours)

37ςrνl1 Section 8, Rule 45 of the Rules of Court provides:

"Due course; elevation of records. � If the petition is given due course, the Supreme Court may require the elevation of the complete record of the case or specified parts thereof within fifteen (15) days from notice.”

38ςrνl1 F.A.T. Kee Computer Systems, Inc. v. Online Networks International, Inc., supra note 34, at 401-402.cralawlibrary

39ςrνl1 97 Phil. 119 (1955).cralawlibrary

40ςrνl1 38 Phil. 182, 189-194 (1918).cralawlibrary

41ςrνl1 Maclan v. Garcia, supra note 39, at 123-124.cralawlibrary

42ςrνl1 Cruz v. J.M. Tuason Company, Inc., 167 Phil. 261, 276-277 (1977).cralawlibrary

43ςrνl1 See CIVIL CODE, Articles 2144, 2154, 2164-2175.cralawlibrary

44ςrνl1 Article 2143 of the Civil Code provides:

"The provisions for quasi-contracts in this Chapter do not exclude other quasi-contracts which may come within the purview of the preceding article.”

The number of the quasi-contracts may be indefinite as may be the number of lawful facts, the generations of the said obligations; but the Code, just as we shall see further on, in the impracticableness of enumerating or including them all in a methodical and orderly classification, has concerned itself with two only � namely, the management of the affairs of other persons and the recovery of things improperly paid � without attempting by this to exclude the others. (Manresa, 2d ed., vol. 12, p. 549, as cited in Leung Ben v. O'Brien, supra note 40, at 195.)

45ςrνl1 Rollo, p. 30.cralawlibrary

46ςrνl1 Andres v. Manufacturers Hanover & Trust Corporation, G.R. No. 82670, September 15, 1989, 177 SCRA 618, 622, citing Velez v. Balzarza, 73 Phil. 630 (1942); and City of Cebu v. Piccio, 110 Phil. 558, 563 (1960).cralawlibrary

47ςrνl1 Philippine National Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 97995, January 21, 1993, 217 SCRA 347, 355.cralawlibrary

48ςrνl1 Rollo, p. 28.cralawlibrary

49ςrνl1 Id. at 28-29.



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  • G.R. No. 170022 : January 09, 2013 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. CESAR ENCELAN, RESPONDENT.

  • G.R. No. 155113 : January 09, 2013 - PHILIPPINE BANK OF COMMUNICATIONS, Petitioner, v. PRIDISONS REALTY CORPORATION, ANTONIO GONZALES, BORMACHECO, INC., NAZARIO F. SANTOS, TERESITA CHUA TEK, CHARITO ONG LEE, AND ERNESTO SIBAL, RESPONDENTS.

  • G.R. No. 185595 : January 09, 2013 - MA. CARMINIA C. CALDERON REPRESENTED BY HER ATTORNEY-IN­ FACT, MARYCRIS V. BALDEVIA, Petitioner, v. JOSE ANTONIO F. ROXAS AND COURT OF APPEALS, RESPONDENTS.

  • G.R. No. 181826 : January 09, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, APPELLEE, VS. HONG YEN E AND TSIEN TSIEN CHUA, APPELLANTS.

  • G.R. No. 192727 : January 09, 2013 - RAUL B. ESCALANTE, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES AND THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, FORMER SPECIAL TWENTIETH DIVISION AND EIGHTEENTH DIVISION, COURT OF APPEALS, CEBU CITY, RESPONDENTS.

  • G.R. No. 183035 : January 09, 2013 - OPTIMA REALTY CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. HERTZ PHIL. EXCLUSIVE CARS, INC., RESPONDENT.

  • G.R. No. 160932 : January 14, 2013 - SPECIAL PEOPLE, INC. FOUNDATION, REPRESENTED BY ITS CHAIRMAN, ROBERTO P. CERICOS, Petitioner, v. NESTOR M. CANDA, BIENVENIDO LIPAYON, JULIAN D. AMADOR, BOHOL PROVINCIAL CHIEF, REGIONAL DIRECTOR, AND NATIONAL DIRECTOR, RESPECTIVELY, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES, AND THE SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES, ALL SUED IN BOTH THEIR OFFICIAL AND PRIVATE CAPACITIES, RESPONDENTS.

  • G.R. No. 178611 : January 14, 2013 - ESTRELLA ADUAN ORPIANO, Petitioner, v. SPOUSES ANTONIO C. TOMAS AND MYRNA U. TOMAS, RESPONDENTS.

  • G.R. No. 182976 : January 14, 2013 - MANILA ELECTRIC COMPANY (MERALCO), Petitioner, v. ATTY. PABLITO M. CASTILLO, DOING BUSINESS UNDER THE TRADE NAME AND STYLE OF PERMANENT LIGHT MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES AND GUIA S. CASTILLO, RESPONDENTS.

  • G.R. No. 192986 : January 15, 2013 - ADVOCATES FOR TRUTH IN LENDING, INC. AND EDUARDO B. OLAGUER, Petitioners, v. BANGKO SENTRAL MONETARY BOARD, REPRESENTED BY ITS CHAIRMAN, GOVERNOR ARMANDO M. TETANGCO, JR., AND ITS INCUMBENT MEMBERS: JUANITA D. AMATONG, ALFREDO C. ANTONIO, PETER FAVILA, NELLY F. VILLAFUERTE, IGNACIO R. BUNYE AND CESAR V. PURISIMA, RESPONDENTS.

  • G.R. No. 201796 : January 15, 2013 - GOVERNOR SADIKUL A. SAHALI AND VICE-GOVERNOR RUBY M. SAHALL, Petitioners, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS (FIRST DIVISION), RASHIDIN H. MATBA AND JILKASI J. USMAN, RESPONDENTS.

  • A.M. OCA IPI No. 10-25-SB-J : January 15, 2013 - RE: COMPLAINT OF LEONARDO A. VELASCO AGAINST ASSOCIATE JUSTICES FRANCISCO H. VILLARUZ, JR., ALEX L. QUIROZ, AND SAMUEL R. MARTIRES OF THE SANDIGANBAYAN.

  • A.M. OCA IPI No. 12-202-CA-J : January 15, 2013 - RE: VERIFIED COMPLAINT OF AMA LAND, INC. AGAINST HON. DANTON Q. BUESER, HON. SESINANDO E. VILLON and HON. RICARDO R! ROSARIO, ASSOCIATE JUSTICES OF THE COURT OF APPEALS.

  • G.R. No. 191691 : January 16, 2013 - ROMEO A. GONTANG, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS MAYOR OF GAINZA, CAMARINES SUR, VS. PETITIONER, ENGR. CECILIA ALAYAN, RESPONDENT.

  • G.R. No. 175209 : January 16, 2013 - ROLANDO L. CERVANTES, Petitioner, v. PAL MARITIME CORPORATION AND/OR WESTERN SHIPPING AGENCIES, PTE., LTD., RESPONDENTS.

  • G.R. No. 160138 : January 16, 2013 - AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE REBUILDERS, INC. (AER), ANTONIO T. INDUCIL, LOURDES T. INDUCIL, JOCELYN T. INDUCIL AND MA. CONCEPCION I. DONATO, Petitioners, v. PROGRESIBONG UNYON NG MGA MANGGAGAWA SA AER, ARNOLD VILLOTA, FELINO E. AGUSTIN, RUPERTO M. MARIANO II, EDUARDO S. BRIZUELA, ARNOLD S. RODRIGUEZ, RODOLFO MAINIT, JR., FROILAN B. MADAMBA, DANILO D. QUIBOY, CHRISTOPHER R. NOLASCO, ROGER V. BELATCHA, CLEOFAS B. DELA BUENA, JR., HERMINIO P. PAPA, WILLIAM A. RITUAL, ROBERTO CALDEO, RAFAEL GACAD, JAMES C. CAAMPUED, ESPERIDION V. LOPEZ, JR., FRISCO M. LORENZO, JR., CRISANTO LUMBAO, JR., AND RENATO SARABUNO, RESPONDENTS.; G.R. NO. 160192 - PROGRESIBONG UNYON NG MGA MANGGAGAWA SA AER, ARNOLD VILLOTA, FELINO E. AGUSTIN, RUPERTO M. MARIANO II, EDUARDOS. BRIZUELA, ARNOLD S. RODRIGUEZ, RODOLFO MAINIT, JR., FROILAN B. MADAMBA, DANILO D. QUIBOY, CHRISTOPHER R. NOLASCO, ROGER V. BELATCHA, CLEOFAS B. DELA BUENA, JR., HERMINIO P. PAPA, WILLIAM A. RITUAL, ROBERTO CALDEO, RAFAEL GACAD, JAMES C. CAAMPUED, ESPERIDION V. LOPEZ, JR., FRISCO M. LORENZO, JR., CRISANTO LUMBAO, JR., AND RENATO SARABUNO, Petitioners, v. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE REBUILDERS, INC., AND ANTONIO T. INDUCIL, RESPONDENTS.

  • OCA I.P.I. NO. 11-3631-RTJ : January 16, 2013 - KAREEN P. MAGTAGÑOB, COMPLAINANT, VS. JUDGE GENIE G. GAPAS-AGBADA, RESPONDENT.

  • G.R. No. 179628 : January 16, 2013 - THE MANILA INSURANCE COMPANY, INC., PETITIONER. VS. SPOUSES ROBERTO AND AIDA AMURAO, RESPONDENTS.

  • G.R. No. 199149 : January 22, 2013 - LIWAYWAY VINZONS-CHATO, Petitioner, v. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL AND ELMER E. PANOTES, RESPONDENTS.; G.R. NO. 201350 - ELMER E. PANOTES, Petitioner, v. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL AND LIWAYWAY VINZONS-CHATO, RESPONDENTS.

  • Adm. Case No. 6148 : January 22, 2013 - FLORENCE MACARUBBO, TEVES COMPLAINANT, VS. ATTY. EDMUNDO L. MACARUBBO, RESPONDENT. - RE: PETITION (FOR EXTRAORDINARY MERCY) OF EDMUNDO L. MACARUBBO.

  • G.R. No. 199612 : January 22, 2013 - RENATOM. FEDERICO, Petitioner, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, COMELEC EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND OSMUNDO M. MALIGAYA, RESPONDENTS.

  • G.R. No. 193897 : January 23, 2013 - UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST, DEAN ELEANOR JAVIER, RONNIE GILLEGO AND DR. JOSE C. BENEDICTO, Petitioners, v. ANALIZA F. PEPANIO AND MARITI D. BUENO, RESPONDENTS.

  • G.R. No. 177783 : January 23, 2013 - HEIRS OF FAUSTO C. IGNACIO, namely MARFEL D. IGNACIO MANALO, MILFA D. IGNACIO­MANALO AND FAUSTINO D. IGNACIO, Petitioners, v. HOME BANKERS SAVINGS AND TRUST COMPANY, SPOUSES PHILLIP AND THELMA RODRIGUEZ, CATHERINE, REYNOLD & JEANETTE, ALL SURNAMED ZUNIGA, RESPONDENTS.

  • Adm. Case No. 5530 - Sps. Arcing and Cresing Bautista, et al. v. Atty. Arturo Cefra

  • Adm. Case No. 6148 - Florence Teves Macarubbo, Complainant; v. Atty. Edmundo L. Macarubbo, Respondent; Re: Petition (for Extraordinary Mercy) of Edmundo L. Macarubbo

  • OCA I.P.I. No. 11-3631-RTJ - Kareen P. Magtag

  • Adm. Case No. 6475 - Fe A. Ylaya v. Atty. Glenn Carlos Gacott

  • G.R. No. 160138 - AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE REBUILDERS, INC. (AER), ANTONIO T. INDUCIL, LOURDES T. INDUCIL, JOCELYN T. INDUCIL and MA. CONCEPCION I. DONATO, Petitioners, v. PROGRESIBONG UNYON NG MGA MANGGAGAWA SA AER, ARNOLD VILLOTA, FELINO E. AGUSTIN, RUPERTO M. MARIANO II, EDUARDO S. BRIZUELA, ARNOLD S. RODRIGUEZ, RODOLFO MAINIT, JR., FROILAN B. MADAMBA, DANILO D. QUIBOY, CHRISTOPHER R. NOLASCO, ROGER V. BELATCHA, CLEOFAS B. DELA BUENA, JR., HERMINIO P. PAPA, WILLIAM A. RITUAL, ROBERTO CALDEO, RAFAEL GACAD, JAMES C. CAAMPUED, ESPERIDION V. LOPEZ, JR., FRISCO M. LORENZO, JR., CRISANTO LUMBAO, JR., and RENATO SARABUNO, Respondents.; G.R. No. 160192 - PROGRESIBONG UNYON NG MGA MANGGAGAWA SA AER, ARNOLD VILLOTA, FELINO E. AGUSTIN, RUPERTO M. MARIANO II, EDUARDO S. BRIZUELA, ARNOLD S. RODRIGUEZ, RODOLFO MAINIT, JR., FROILAN B. MADAMBA, DANILO D. QUIBOY, CHRISTOPHER R. NOLASCO, ROGER V. BELATCHA, CLEOFAS B. DELA BUENA, JR., HERMINIO P. PAPA, WILLIAM A. RITUAL, ROBERTO CALDEO, RAFAEL GACAD, JAMES C. CAAMPUED, ESPERIDION V. LOPEZ, JR., FRISCO M. LORENZO, JR., CRISANTO LUMBAO, JR., and RENA TO SARABUNO, Petitioners, v. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEREBUILDERS, INC., and ANTONIO T. INDUCIL, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 160932 - Special People, Inc. Foundation represented by its Chairman, Roberto P. Cericos v. Nestor M. Canda, et al.

  • G.R. No. 167158 - Virginia Judy Dy and Gabriel Dy v. Philippine Banking Corporation

  • G.R. No. 166967 - Edna J. Jaca v. People of the Philippines, et al.; G.R. No. 166974 - Alan C. Gaviola v. People of the Philippines; G.R. No. 167167 - Eustaquio B. Cesa v. People of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 170022 - Republic of the Philippines v. Cesar Encelan

  • G.R. No. 169005 - Winston F. Garcia, in his capacity as President and General Manager of the GSIS v. Court of Appeals and Rudy C. Tesoro

  • G.R. No. 170054 - Goya, Inc. v. Goya, Inc. Employees Union-FFW

  • G.R. No. 170498 - Metropolitan Bank & Trust Company v. Absolute Management Corporation

  • G.R. No. 170634 - People of the Philippines v. Pedro Buado, Jr., y Cipriano

  • G.R. No. 170770 - Vitaliano N. Aguirre II and Fidel N. Aguirre II and Fidel N. Aguirre v. FQB+, Inc., Nathaniel D. Bocobo, Priscila Bocobo and Antonio De Villa

  • G.R. No. 171677 - Philippine National Bank, substituted by Tranche 1 (SPV-AMC), Inc. v. Rina Parayno Lim and Puerto Azul Land, Inc.

  • G.R. No. 173425 - Fort Bonifacio Develoment Corp v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue and Revenue District Officer, Revenue District No. 44, Taguig and Pateros, Bureau of Internal Revenue

  • G.R. No. 173520 - National Power Corporation v. Spouses Rodolfo Zabala and Lilia Baylon

  • G.R. No. 173559 - Leticia Diona, rep. by her attorney-in-fact, Marcelina Diona v. Romeo A. Balangue, Sonny A. Balangue, Reynaldo A. Balangue, and Esteban A. Balangue, Jr.

  • G.R. No. 174191 - Nenita Quality Foods Corporation v. Crisostomo Galabo, et al.

  • G.R. No. 174436 - Juanita Ermita

  • G.R. No. 174882 - Mondragon Personal Sales, Inc. v. Victoriano S. Sola, Jr.

  • G.R. No. 175209 - Rolando L. Cervantes v. PAL Maritime Corporation and/or Western Shipping agencies, Pte., Ltd.

  • G.R. No. 177751 - People of the Philippines v. Florencio Agacer, et al.

  • G.R. No. 177167 - Nelson B. Gan v. Galderma Philippines, Inc. and Rosendo C. Veneracion

  • G.R. No. 178312 - Land Bank of the Philippines v. Heirs of Spouses Jorja Rigor Soriano and Magin Soriano

  • G.R. No. 177783 - Heirs of Fausto C. Ignacio v. Home Bankers Savings and Trust co., et al.

  • G.R. No. 178611 - Estrella Aduan Orpiano v. Spouses Antonio C. Tomas and Myrna U. Tomas

  • G.R. No. 179003 - Antonio L Tan, Jr. v. Yoshitsugu Matsuura and Carolina Tanjutco; G.R. No. 195816 - Antonio L. Tan, Jr. v. Julie O Cua

  • G.R. No. 179382 - Spouses Benjamin C. Mamaril and Sonia P. Mamaril v. The Boy Scout of the Philippines, et al.

  • G.R. No. 179628 - The Manila Insurance Company, Inc. v. Spouses Roberto and Aida Amurao

  • G.R. No. 180036 - Situs Development Corporation, et al. v. Asia Trust Bank, et al.

  • G.R. No. 180463 - Republic of the Philippines v. AFP Retirement and Separation Benefits System, et al.

  • G.R. No. 180919 - People of the Philippines v. Simpresueta M. Seraspe, accused-appelant

  • G.R. No. 181218 - Republic of the Philippines, represented by the Department of Public Works and Highways v. Heirs of Spouses Pedro Bautista and Valentina Malabanan

  • G.R. No. 181738 - General Milling Corporation v. Violeta L. Viajar

  • G.R. No. 182457 - People of the Philippines v. Antonio Basallo y Asprec

  • G.R. No. 182976 - Manila Electric Company (MERALCO) v. Atty. P.M. Castillo, doing business under the trade name and style of Permanent Light Manufacturing Enterprises, et al.

  • G.R. No. 183035 - Optima Realty Corporation v. Hertz Phil., Exclusive, Inc.

  • G.R. No. 183896 - Syed Azhar Abbas v. Gloria Goo Abbas

  • G.R. No. 185595 - Ma. Carminia C. Calderon (formerly Ma. Carminia Calderon-Roxas), represented by her attorney-in-fact, Marycris V. Baldevia v. Jose Antonio F. Roxas

  • G.R. No. 186069 - Jesus L. Cabahug and Coronacion M. Cabahug v. National Power Corporation

  • G.R. No. 187048 - Poeple of the Philippines v. Benjamin Peteluna and Abundio Binondo

  • G.R. No. 188299 - Heirs fo Luis A. Luna, et al. v. Ruben S. Afable, et al.

  • G.R. No. 188603 - People of the Philippines v. Ramil Rarugal Alias "Amay Bisaya"

  • G.R. No. 188635 - Brenda L. Nazareth, Regional Director, Department of Science and Technology, etc. v. The Hon. Reynaldo A. Villar, Hon. Juanito G. Espino, Jr., et al.

  • G.R. No. 188768 - TML Gasket Industries, Inc. v. BPI Family Savings Bank, Inc.

  • G.R. No. 190969 - Baron A. Villanueva, et al. v. Edna R. Caparas

  • G.R. No. 191691 - Romeo A. Gontang, in his official capacity as Mayor of Gainza, Camarines Sur

  • G.R. No. 192050 - Nelson Valleno y Lucito v. People of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 192289 - Kamarudin K. Ibrahim v. Commission on Elections and Rolan G. Buagas

  • G.R. No. 192532 - Spouses Ricardo and Elena Golez v. Spouses Carlos adn Amelita Navarro

  • G.R. No. 192986 - Advocates for Truth in Lending, Inc. & Eduardo B. Olaguer v. Bangko Sentral Monetary Board, Represented by its Chairman, Governor Armando M. Tatangco, Jr., etc.

  • G.R. No. 193507 - People of the Philippines v. Rey Monticalvo y Magno

  • G.R. No. 193643 - Antonio D. Dayao, Rolando P. Ramirez and Adelio R. Capco v. Commission on Elections and LPG Marketers; G.R. No. 193704 - Federation of the Philippine Industries, Inc. v. Commission on Elections and LPG Marketers Association, Inc.

  • G.R. No. 193897 - University of the East, Dean Eleanor Javier, Ronnie Gillego and Dr. Jose C. Benedicto v. Analiza F. Pepanio and Mariti D. Bueno

  • G.R. No. 193960 - Karlo Angelo Dabalos y San Dieo v. Regional Trial Court, Branch 59, Angeles City, etc., et al.

  • G.R. No. 194236 - People of the Philippines v. Patricio Rayon, Sr.

  • G.R. No. 194352 - Maxicare PCIB Cigna Healthcare (now Maxicare Healthcare Corporation), Eric S. Nubla, Jr. M.D. and Ruth A. Asis, M.D. v. Marian Brigitte A. Contreras, M.D.

  • G.R. No. 197384 - Sampaguita Auto Transport Corporation v. National Labor Relations Commission, et al.

  • G.R. No. 197507 - Rivulet Agro-Industrial Corporation v. Anthony Parungao, et al.

  • G.R. No. 198501 - Kestrel Shipping Co., Inc./Capt. Amador P. Servillon and Atlantic Manning Ltd. v. Francisco D. Munar

  • G.R. No. 199149 - Liwayway Vinzons-Chato v. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal and Elmer E. Panotes; G.R. No. 201350 - Elmer E. Panotes v. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal and Liwayway Vinzons-Chato

  • G.R. No. 199324 - Executive Secretary, et al. v. Forerunner Multi Resources, Inc.

  • G.R. No. 199338 - Eleazar S. Padillo v. Rural Bank of Nabunturan, Inc., et al.

  • G.R. No. 199612 - Renato M. Federico v. Commission on Elections, COMELEC Executive Director and Osmundo M. Maligaya

  • G.R. No. 200165 - People of the Philippines v. Reynaldo Nacua, et al. accused; Reynaldo Nacua, accused-appellant

  • G.R. No. 201447 - People of the Philippines v. Anastacio Amistoso y Broca

  • G.R. No. 202423 - Chester Uyco, et al. v. Vicente Lo

  • G.R. No. 201716 - Mayor Abelardo Abundo, Sr., v. Commission on Elections & Ernesto R. Vega

  • G.R. No. 192615 - Sps. Eugene L. Lim and Constancia Lim v. The Court of Appeals-Mindanao Station, et al.

  • G.R. No. 189355 - People of the Philippines v. Rolando Cabungan

  • G.R. No. 181826 - People of the Philippines v. Hong Yen E and Tsien Tsien Chua

  • G.R. No. 188056 - Spouses Augusto G. Dacudao and Ofelia R. Dacudao v. Secretary of Justice Raul M. Gonzales of the Department of Justice

  • G.R. No. 188179 - Henry R. Giron v. Commission on Elections; Almario E. Francisco, Federico S. Jong, Jr. and Ricardo L. Baes, Jr., Petitioners-in-Intervention

  • G.R. No. 192727 - Raul Escalante v. People of the Philippines, et al.

  • G.R. No. 201796 - Governor Sadikul A. Sahali and Vice-Governor Ruby M. Sahali v. Commission on Elections (First Division), Rashidin H. Matba and Jilkasi J. Usman

  • A.C. No. 6760 - Anastacio N. Teodoro III v. Atty. Romeo S. Gonzales

  • A.M. OCA IPI No. 10-25-SB-J - Re: Complaint of Leonardo A. Velasco against Associate Justices Francisco H. Villaruz, Jr., et al.

  • A.M. OCA IPI No. 12-202-CA-J - Re: Verified complaint of Ama Land, Inc. against Hon. Danton Q. Bueser, et al.

  • A.M. No. P-12-3090 - Mariano T. Ong v. Eva G. Basiya-Saratan, clerk of Court, RTC, Br. 32, Iloilo City

  • A.M. No. RTJ-12-2326 - Geoffrey Beckett v. Judge Olegario R. Sarmiento, Jr., RTC, Branch 24, Cebu City

  • G.R. No. 155113 - Philippine Bank of Communications v. Pridisons Realty Corporation, et al.

  • G.R. No. 172852 - City of Cebu v. Apolinio M. Dedamo, Jr.

  • G.R. No. 172590 - Mary Louise R. Anderson v. Enrique Ho

  • A.M. No. P-12-3099, January 15, 2013 - OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. LARRIZA P. BACANI, CLERK OF COURT IV, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT IN CITIES, MEYCAUAYAN, BULACAN, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 184698, January 21, 2013 - SPOUSES ALBERTO AND SUSAN CASTRO, Petitioners, v. AMPARO PALENZUELA, FOR HERSELF AND AS AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF VIRGINIA ABELLO, GERARDO ANTONIO ABELLO, ALBERTO DEL ROSARIO, INGEBORG REGINA DEL ROSARIO, HANS DEL ROSARIO, MARGARET DEL ROSARIO ISLETA, ENRIQUE PALENZUELA AND CARLOS MIGUEL PALENZUELA, Respondents.