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Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2013 > September 2013 Decisions > G.R. No. 157943, September 04, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. GILBERT REYES WAGAS, Accused-Appellant.:




G.R. No. 157943, September 04, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. GILBERT REYES WAGAS, Accused-Appellant.

PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

FIRST DIVISION

G.R. No. 157943, September 04, 2013

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. GILBERT REYES WAGAS, Accused-Appellant.

D E C I S I O N

BERSAMIN, J.:

The Bill of Rights guarantees the right of an accused to be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved. In order to overcome the presumption of innocence, the Prosecution is required to adduce against him nothing less than proof beyond reasonable doubt. Such proof is not only in relation to the elements of the offense, but also in relation to the identity of the offender. If the Prosecution fails to discharge its heavy burden, then it is not only the right of the accused to be freed, it becomes the Court�s constitutional duty to acquit him.

The Case

Gilbert R. Wagas appeals his conviction for estafa under the decision rendered on July 11, 2002 by the Regional Trial Court, Branch 58, in Cebu City (RTC), meting on him the indeterminate penalty of 12 years of prision mayor, as minimum, to 30 years of reclusion perpetua, as maximum.

Antecedents

Wagas was charged with estafa under the information that reads:chanrobles virtua1aw 1ibrary
That on or about the 30th day of April, 1997, and for sometime prior and subsequent thereto, in the City of Cebu, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the said accused, with deliberate intent, with intent to gain and by means of false pretenses or fraudulent acts executed prior to or simultaneously with the commission of the fraud, to wit: knowing that he did not have sufficient funds deposited with the Bank of Philippine Islands, and without informing Alberto Ligaray of that circumstance, with intent to defraud the latter, did then and there issue Bank of the Philippine Islands Check No. 0011003, dated May 08, 1997 in the amount of P200,000.00, which check was issued in payment of an obligation, but which check when presented for encashment with the bank, was dishonored for the reason �drawn against insufficient funds� and inspite of notice and several demands made upon said accused to make good said check or replace the same with cash, he had failed and refused and up to the present time still fails and refuses to do so, to the damage and prejudice of Alberto Ligaray in the amount aforestated.

CONTRARY TO LAW.1
After Wagas entered a plea of not guilty,2 the pre-trial was held, during which the Defense admitted that the check alleged in the information had been dishonored due to insufficient funds.3 On its part, the Prosecution made no admission.4cralaw virtualaw library

At the trial, the Prosecution presented complainant Alberto Ligaray as its lone witness. Ligaray testified that on April 30, 1997, Wagas placed an order for 200 bags of rice over the telephone; that he and his wife would not agree at first to the proposed payment of the order by postdated check, but because of Wagas� assurance that he would not disappoint them and that he had the means to pay them because he had a lending business and money in the bank, they relented and accepted the order; that he released the goods to Wagas on April 30, 1997 and at the same time received Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) Check No. 0011003 for P200,000.00 payable to cash and postdated May 8, 1997; that he later deposited the check with Solid Bank, his depository bank, but the check was dishonored due to insufficiency of funds;5 that he called Wagas about the matter, and the latter told him that he would pay upon his return to Cebu; and that despite repeated demands, Wagas did not pay him.6cralaw virtualaw library

On cross-examination, Ligaray admitted that he did not personally meet Wagas because they transacted through telephone only; that he released the 200 bags of rice directly to Robert Ca�ada, the brother-in-law of Wagas, who signed the delivery receipt upon receiving the rice.7cralaw virtualaw library

After Ligaray testified, the Prosecution formally offered the following: (a) BPI Check No. 0011003 in the amount of P200,000.00 payable to �cash;� (b) the return slip dated May 13, 1997 issued by Solid Bank; (c) Ligaray�s affidavit; and (d) the delivery receipt signed by Ca�ada. After the RTC admitted the exhibits, the Prosecution then rested its case.8cralaw virtualaw library

In his defense, Wagas himself testified. He admitted having issued BPI Check No. 0011003 to Ca�ada, his brother-in-law, not to Ligaray. He denied having any telephone conversation or any dealings with Ligaray. He explained that the check was intended as payment for a portion of Ca�ada�s property that he wanted to buy, but when the sale did not push through, he did not anymore fund the check.9cralaw virtualaw library

On cross-examination, the Prosecution confronted Wagas with a letter dated July 3, 1997 apparently signed by him and addressed to Ligaray�s counsel, wherein he admitted owing Ligaray P200,000.00 for goods received, to wit:chanrobles virtua1aw 1ibrary
This is to acknowledge receipt of your letter dated June 23, 1997 which is self-explanatory. It is worthy also to discuss with you the environmental facts of the case for your consideration, to wit:
  1. It is true that I obtained goods from your client worth P200,000.00 and I promised to settle the same last May 10, 1997, but to no avail. On this point, let me inform you that I sold my real property to a buyer in Manila, and promised to pay the consideration on the same date as I promised with your client. Unfortunately, said buyer likewise failed to make good with such obligation. Hence, I failed to fulfill my promise resultant thereof. (sic)

  2. Again, I made another promise to settle said obligation on or before June 15, 1997, but still to no avail attributable to the same reason as aforementioned. (sic)

  3. To arrest this problem, we decided to source some funds using the subject property as collateral. This other means is resorted to for the purpose of settling the herein obligation. And as to its status, said funds will be rele[a]sed within thirty (30) days from today.
In view of the foregoing, it is my sincere request and promise to settle said obligation on or before August 15, 1997.

Lastly, I would like to manifest that it is not my intention to shy away from any financial obligation.

x x x x

Respectfully yours,

(SGD.)

GILBERT R. WAGAS10
Wagas admitted the letter, but insisted that it was Ca�ada who had transacted with Ligaray, and that he had signed the letter only because his sister and her husband (Ca�ada) had begged him to assume the responsibility.11 On redirect examination, Wagas declared that Ca�ada, a seafarer, was then out of the country; that he signed the letter only to accommodate the pleas of his sister and Ca�ada, and to avoid jeopardizing Ca�ada�s application for overseas employment.12 The Prosecution subsequently offered and the RTC admitted the letter as rebuttal evidence.13cralaw virtualaw library

Decision of the RTC

As stated, the RTC convicted Wagas of estafa on July 11, 2002, viz:chanrobles virtua1aw 1ibrary
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the Court finds the accused GUILTY beyond reasonable doubt as charged and he is hereby sentenced as follows:
  1. To suffer an indeterminate penalty of from twelve (12) years of pris[i]on mayor, as minimum, to thirty (30) years of reclusion perpetua as maximum;

  2. To indemnify the complainant, Albert[o] Ligaray in the sum of P200,000.00;

  3. To pay said complainant the sum of P30,000.00 by way of attorney�s fees; and

  4. the costs of suit.
SO ORDERED.14
The RTC held that the Prosecution had proved beyond reasonable doubt all the elements constituting the crime of estafa, namely: (a) that Wagas issued the postdated check as payment for an obligation contracted at the time the check was issued; (b) that he failed to deposit an amount sufficient to cover the check despite having been informed that the check had been dishonored; and (c) that Ligaray released the goods upon receipt of the postdated check and upon Wagas� assurance that the check would be funded on its date.

Wagas filed a motion for new trial and/or reconsideration,15 arguing that the Prosecution did not establish that it was he who had transacted with Ligaray and who had negotiated the check to the latter; that the records showed that Ligaray did not meet him at any time; and that Ligaray�s testimony on their alleged telephone conversation was not reliable because it was not shown that Ligaray had been familiar with his voice. Wagas also sought the reopening of the case based on newly discovered evidence, specifically: (a) the testimony of Ca�ada who could not testify during the trial because he was then out of the country, and (b) Ligaray�s testimony given against Wagas in another criminal case for violation of Batas Pambansa Blg. 22.

On October 21, 2002, the RTC denied the motion for new trial and/or reconsideration, opining that the evidence Wagas desired to present at a new trial did not qualify as newly discovered, and that there was no compelling ground to reverse its decision.16cralaw virtualaw library

Wagas appealed directly to this Court by notice of appeal.17cralaw virtualaw library

Prior to the elevation of the records to the Court, Wagas filed a petition for admission to bail pending appeal. The RTC granted the petition and fixed Wagas� bond at P40,000.00.18 Wagas then posted bail for his provisional liberty pending appeal.19cralaw virtualaw library

The resolution of this appeal was delayed by incidents bearing on the grant of Wagas� application for bail. On November 17, 2003, the Court required the RTC Judge to explain why Wagas was out on bail.20 On January 15, 2004, the RTC Judge submitted to the Court a so-called manifestation and compliance which the Court referred to the Office of the Court Administrator (OCA) for evaluation, report, and recommendation.21 On July 5, 2005, the Court, upon the OCA�s recommendation, directed the filing of an administrative complaint for simple ignorance of the law against the RTC Judge.22 On September 12, 2006, the Court directed the OCA to comply with its July 5, 2005 directive, and to cause the filing of the administrative complaint against the RTC Judge. The Court also directed Wagas to explain why his bail should not be cancelled for having been erroneously granted.23 Finally, in its memorandum dated September 27, 2006, the OCA manifested to the Court that it had meanwhile filed the administrative complaint against the RTC Judge.24cralaw virtualaw library

Issues

In this appeal, Wagas insists that he and Ligaray were neither friends nor personally known to one other; that it was highly incredible that Ligaray, a businessman, would have entered into a transaction with him involving a huge amount of money only over the telephone; that on the contrary, the evidence pointed to Ca�ada as the person with whom Ligaray had transacted, considering that the delivery receipt, which had been signed by Ca�ada, indicated that the goods had been �Ordered by ROBERT CA�ADA,� that the goods had been received by Ca�ada in good order and condition, and that there was no showing that Ca�ada had been acting on behalf of Wagas; that he had issued the check to Ca�ada upon a different transaction; that Ca�ada had negotiated the check to Ligaray; and that the element of deceit had not been established because it had not been proved with certainty that it was him who had transacted with Ligaray over the telephone.

The circumstances beg the question: did the Prosecution establish beyond reasonable doubt the existence of all the elements of the crime of estafa as charged, as well as the identity of the perpetrator of the crime?

Ruling

The appeal is meritorious.

Article 315, paragraph 2(d) of the Revised Penal Code, as amended, provides:chanrobles virtua1aw 1ibrary
Article 315. Swindling (estafa). � Any person who shall defraud another by any of the means mentioned hereinbelow shall be punished by:

x x x x

2. By means of any of the following false pretenses or fraudulent acts executed prior to or simultaneously with the commission of the fraud:

x x x x

(d) By postdating a check, or issuing a check in payment of an obligation when the offender had no funds in the bank, or his funds deposited therein were not sufficient to cover the amount of the check. The failure of the drawer of the check to deposit the amount necessary to cover his check within three (3) days from receipt of notice from the bank and/or the payee or holder that said check has been dishonored for lack or insufficiency of funds shall be prima facie evidence of deceit constituting false pretense or fraudulent act.
In order to constitute estafa under this statutory provision, the act of postdating or issuing a check in payment of an obligation must be the efficient cause of the defraudation. This means that the offender must be able to obtain money or property from the offended party by reason of the issuance of the check, whether dated or postdated. In other words, the Prosecution must show that the person to whom the check was delivered would not have parted with his money or property were it not for the issuance of the check by the offender.25cralaw virtualaw library

The essential elements of the crime charged are that: (a) a check is postdated or issued in payment of an obligation contracted at the time the check is issued; (b) lack or insufficiency of funds to cover the check; and (c) damage to the payee thereof.26 It is the criminal fraud or deceit in the issuance of a check that is punishable, not the non-payment of a debt.27Prima facie evidence of deceit exists by law upon proof that the drawer of the check failed to deposit the amount necessary to cover his check within three days from receipt of the notice of dishonor.

The Prosecution established that Ligaray had released the goods to Ca�ada because of the postdated check the latter had given to him; and that the check was dishonored when presented for payment because of the insufficiency of funds.

In every criminal prosecution, however, the identity of the offender, like the crime itself, must be established by proof beyond reasonable doubt.28 In that regard, the Prosecution did not establish beyond reasonable doubt that it was Wagas who had defrauded Ligaray by issuing the check.

Firstly, Ligaray expressly admitted that he did not personally meet the person with whom he was transacting over the telephone, thus:
Q:
On April 30, 1997, do you remember having a transaction with the accused in this case?
A:
Yes, sir. He purchased two hundred bags of rice from me.
Q:
How did this purchase of rice transaction started? (sic)
A:
He talked with me over the phone and told me that he would like to purchase two hundred bags of rice and he will just issue a check.29
Even after the dishonor of the check, Ligaray did not personally see and meet whoever he had dealt with and to whom he had made the demand for payment, and that he had talked with him only over the telephone, to wit:chanrobles virtua1aw 1ibrary
Q:
After the check was (sic) bounced, what did you do next?
A:
I made a demand on them.
Q:
How did you make a demand?
A:
I called him over the phone.
Q:
Who is that �him� that you are referring to?
A:
Gilbert Wagas.30
Secondly, the check delivered to Ligaray was made payable to cash. Under the Negotiable Instruments Law, this type of check was payable to the bearer and could be negotiated by mere delivery without the need of an indorsement.31 This rendered it highly probable that Wagas had issued the check not to Ligaray, but to somebody else like Ca�ada, his brother-in-law, who then negotiated it to Ligaray. Relevantly, Ligaray confirmed that he did not himself see or meet Wagas at the time of the transaction and thereafter, and expressly stated that the person who signed for and received the stocks of rice was Ca�ada.

It bears stressing that the accused, to be guilty of estafa as charged, must have used the check in order to defraud the complainant. What the law punishes is the fraud or deceit, not the mere issuance of the worthless check. Wagas could not be held guilty of estafa simply because he had issued the check used to defraud Ligaray. The proof of guilt must still clearly show that it had been Wagas as the drawer who had defrauded Ligaray by means of the check.

Thirdly, Ligaray admitted that it was Ca�ada who received the rice from him and who delivered the check to him. Considering that the records are bereft of any showing that Ca�ada was then acting on behalf of Wagas, the RTC had no factual and legal bases to conclude and find that Ca�ada had been acting for Wagas. This lack of factual and legal bases for the RTC to infer so obtained despite Wagas being Ca�ada�s brother-in-law.

Finally, Ligaray�s declaration that it was Wagas who had transacted with him over the telephone was not reliable because he did not explain how he determined that the person with whom he had the telephone conversation was really Wagas whom he had not yet met or known before then. We deem it essential for purposes of reliability and trustworthiness that a telephone conversation like that one Ligaray supposedly had with the buyer of rice to be first authenticated before it could be received in evidence. Among others, the person with whom the witness conversed by telephone should be first satisfactorily identified by voice recognition or any other means.32 Without the authentication, incriminating another person just by adverting to the telephone conversation with him would be all too easy. In this respect, an identification based on familiarity with the voice of the caller, or because of clearly recognizable peculiarities of the caller would have sufficed.33 The identity of the caller could also be established by the caller�s self-identification, coupled with additional evidence, like the context and timing of the telephone call, the contents of the statement challenged, internal patterns, and other distinctive characteristics, and disclosure of knowledge of facts known peculiarly to the caller.34cralaw virtualaw library

Verily, it is only fair that the caller be reliably identified first before a telephone communication is accorded probative weight. The identity of the caller may be established by direct or circumstantial evidence. According to one ruling of the Kansas Supreme Court:chanrobles virtua1aw 1ibrary
Communications by telephone are admissible in evidence where they are relevant to the fact or facts in issue, and admissibility is governed by the same rules of evidence concerning face-to-face conversations except the party against whom the conversations are sought to be used must ordinarily be identified. It is not necessary that the witness be able, at the time of the conversation, to identify the person with whom the conversation was had, provided subsequent identification is proved by direct or circumstantial evidence somewhere in the development of the case. The mere statement of his identity by the party calling is not in itself sufficient proof of such identity, in the absence of corroborating circumstances so as to render the conversation admissible. However, circumstances preceding or following the conversation may serve to sufficiently identify the caller. The completeness of the identification goes to the weight of the evidence rather than its admissibility, and the responsibility lies in the first instance with the district court to determine within its sound discretion whether the threshold of admissibility has been met.35 (Bold emphasis supplied)
Yet, the Prosecution did not tender any plausible explanation or offer any proof to definitely establish that it had been Wagas whom Ligaray had conversed with on the telephone. The Prosecution did not show through Ligaray during the trial as to how he had determined that his caller was Wagas. All that the Prosecution sought to elicit from him was whether he had known and why he had known Wagas, and he answered as follows:chanrobles virtua1aw 1ibrary
Q:
Do you know the accused in this case?
A:
Yes, sir.
Q:
If he is present inside the courtroom [�]
A:
No, sir. He is not around.
Q:
Why do you know him?
A:
I know him as a resident of Compostela because he is an ex-mayor of Compostela.36
During cross-examination, Ligaray was allowed another opportunity to show how he had determined that his caller was Wagas, but he still failed to provide a satisfactory showing, to wit:chanrobles virtua1aw 1ibrary
Q:
Mr. Witness, you mentioned that you and the accused entered into [a] transaction of rice selling, particularly with these 200 sacks of rice subject of this case, through telephone conversation?
A:
Yes, sir.
Q:
But you cannot really ascertain that it was the accused whom you are talking with?
A:
I know it was him because I know him.
Q:
Am I right to say [that] that was the first time that you had a transaction with the accused through telephone conversation, and as a consequence of that alleged conversation with the accused through telephone he issued a check in your favor?
A:
No. Before that call I had a talk[ ] with the accused.
Q:
But still through the telephone?
A:
Yes, sir.
Q:
There was no instant (sic) that the accused went to see you personally regarding the 200 bags rice transaction?
A:
No. It was through telephone only.
Q:
In fact[,] you did not cause the delivery of these 200 bags of rice through the accused himself?
A:
Yes. It was through Robert.
Q:
So, after that phone call[,] you deliver[ed] th[ose] 200 sacks of rice through somebody other than the accused?
A:
Yes, sir.37
Ligaray�s statement that he could tell that it was Wagas who had ordered the rice because he �know[s]� him was still vague and unreliable for not assuring the certainty of the identification, and should not support a finding of Ligaray�s familiarity with Wagas as the caller by his voice. It was evident from Ligaray�s answers that Wagas was not even an acquaintance of Ligaray�s prior to the transaction. Thus, the RTC�s conclusion that Ligaray had transacted with Wagas had no factual basis. Without that factual basis, the RTC was speculating on a matter as decisive as the identification of the buyer to be Wagas.

The letter of Wagas did not competently establish that he was the person who had conversed with Ligaray by telephone to place the order for the rice. The letter was admitted exclusively as the State�s rebuttal evidence to controvert or impeach the denial of Wagas of entering into any transaction with Ligaray on the rice; hence, it could be considered and appreciated only for that purpose. Under the law of evidence, the court shall consider evidence solely for the purpose for which it is offered,38 not for any other purpose.39 Fairness to the adverse party demands such exclusivity. Moreover, the high plausibility of the explanation of Wagas that he had signed the letter only because his sister and her husband had pleaded with him to do so could not be taken for granted.

It is a fundamental rule in criminal procedure that the State carries the onus probandi in establishing the guilt of the accused beyond a reasonable doubt, as a consequence of the tenet ei incumbit probation, qui dicit, non qui negat, which means that he who asserts, not he who denies, must prove,40 and as a means of respecting the presumption of innocence in favor of the man or woman on the dock for a crime. Accordingly, the State has the burden of proof to show: (1) the correct identification of the author of a crime, and (2) the actuality of the commission of the offense with the participation of the accused. All these facts must be proved by the State beyond reasonable doubt on the strength of its evidence and without solace from the weakness of the defense. That the defense the accused puts up may be weak is inconsequential if, in the first place, the State has failed to discharge the onus of his identity and culpability. The presumption of innocence dictates that it is for the Prosecution to demonstrate the guilt and not for the accused to establish innocence.41 Indeed, the accused, being presumed innocent, carries no burden of proof on his or her shoulders. For this reason, the first duty of the Prosecution is not to prove the crime but to prove the identity of the criminal. For even if the commission of the crime can be established, without competent proof of the identity of the accused beyond reasonable doubt, there can be no conviction.42cralaw virtualaw library

There is no question that an identification that does not preclude a reasonable possibility of mistake cannot be accorded any evidentiary force.43 Thus, considering that the circumstances of the identification of Wagas as the person who transacted on the rice did not preclude a reasonable possibility of mistake, the proof of guilt did not measure up to the standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt demanded in criminal cases. Perforce, the accused�s constitutional right of presumption of innocence until the contrary is proved is not overcome, and he is entitled to an acquittal,44 even though his innocence may be doubted.45cralaw virtualaw library

Nevertheless, an accused, though acquitted of estafa, may still be held civilly liable where the preponderance of the established facts so warrants.46 Wagas as the admitted drawer of the check was legally liable to pay the amount of it to Ligaray, a holder in due course.47 Consequently, we pronounce and hold him fully liable to pay the amount of the dishonored check, plus legal interest of 6% per annum from the finality of this decision.

WHEREFORE, the Court REVERSES and SETS ASIDE the decision rendered on July 11, 2002 by the Regional Trial Court, Branch 58, in Cebu City; and ACQUITS Gilbert R. Wagas of the crime of estafa on the ground of reasonable doubt, but ORDERS him to pay Alberto Ligaray the amount of P200,000.00 as actual damages, plus interest of 6% per annum from the finality of this decision.

No pronouncement on costs of suit.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary

SO ORDERED.

Sereno, C.J., Villarama, Jr., Reyes, and Perlas-Bernabe,*JJ., concur.

Endnotes:


* Vice Associate Justice Teresita J. Leonardo-De Castro, who is on official trip for the Court to attend the Southeast Asia Regional Judicial Colloquium on Gender Equality Jurisprudence and the Role of the Judiciary in Promoting Women�s Access to Justice, in Bangkok, Thailand, per Special Order No. 1529 dated August 29, 2013.cralawnad

1 Records, pp. 1-2.cralawnad

2 Id. at 32.cralawnad

3 Id. at 41-42.cralawnad

4 Id. at 42-43.cralawnad

5 TSN, May 4, 2000.cralawnad

6 TSN, May 25, 2000.cralawnad

7 Id.cralawnad

8 Records, pp. 59-60.cralawnad

9 TSN, October 5, 2000.cralawnad

10 Records, p. 92.cralawnad

11 TSN, August 20, 2001, pp. 2-5.cralawnad

12 Id. at 5-7.cralawnad

13 Records, p. 113.cralawnad

14Rollo, p. 26.cralawnad

15 Records, pp. 149-163.cralawnad

16 Id. at 243-244.cralawnad

17 Id. at 246.cralawnad

18 Id. at 269-270.cralawnad

19 Id. at 272.cralawnad

20Rollo, p. 36.cralawnad

21 Id. at 149.cralawnad

22 Id. at 157.cralawnad

23 Id. at 163-170.cralawnad

24 Id. at 171.cralawnad

25Timbal v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 136487, December 14, 2001, 372 SCRA 358, 362-363.cralawnad

26Dy v. People, G.R. No. 158312, November 14, 2008, 571 SCRA 59, 70.cralawnad

27Recuerdo v. People, G.R. No. 168217, June 27, 2006, 493 SCRA 517, 532.cralawnad

28People v. Caliso, G.R. No. 183830, October 19, 2011, 659 SCRA 666, 675; People v. Pineda, G.R. No. 141644, May 27, 2004, 429 SCRA 478; Tuason v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 113779-80, February 23, 1995, 241 SCRA 695.cralawnad

29 TSN, May 4, 2000, lines 54-57.cralawnad

30 TSN, May 25, 2000, p. 4.cralawnad

31 Section 9 and Section 30 of the Negotiable Instruments Law provide as follows:

Section 9. When payable to bearer. - The instrument is payable to bearer:

(a) When it is expressed to be so payable; or

(b) When it is payable to a person named therein or bearer; or

(c) When it is payable to the order of a fictitious or non-existing person, and such fact was known to the person making it so payable; or

(d) When the name of the payee does not purport to be the name of any person; or

(e) When the only or last indorsement is an indorsement in blank.

Section 30. What constitutes negotiation. - An instrument is negotiated when it is transferred from one person to another in such manner as to constitute the transferee the holder thereof. If payable to bearer, it is negotiated by delivery; if payable to order, it is negotiated by the indorsement of the holder and completed by delivery.cralawnad

32Sandoval II v. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal, G.R. No. 149380, July 3, 2002, 383 SCRA 770, 784.cralawnad

33 29A Am Jur 2d Evidence � 1403.cralawnad

34United States v. Orozco-Santillan, 903 F.2d 1262 (9th Cir. Cal. 1990).cralawnad

35State v. Williamson, 210 Kan. 501 (Kan 1972).cralawnad

36 TSN, May 4, 2000, lines 41-47 (emphasis supplied).cralawnad

37 TSN, May 25, 2000, pp. 7-8.cralawnad

38Ragudo v. Fabella Estate Tenants Association, Inc., G.R. No. 146823, August 9, 2005, 466 SCRA 136, 148; People v. Lapay, G.R. No. 123072, October 14, 1998, 298 SCRA 62, 79.cralawnad

39Uniwide Sales Realty and Resources Corporation v. Titan-Ikeda Construction and Development Corporation, G.R. No. 126619, December 20, 2006, 511 SCRA 335, 357.cralawnad

40People v. Subingsubing, G.R. Nos. 104942-43, November 25, 1993, 228 SCRA 168, 174 .cralawnad

41People v. Arapok, G.R. No. 134974, December 8, 2000, 347 SCRA 479, 498.cralawnad

42People v. Esmale, G.R. Nos. 102981-82, April 21, 1995, 243 SCRA 578, 592.cralawnad

43Natividad v. Court of Appeals, No. L-40233, June 25, 1980, 98 SCRA 335, 346, citing People v. Beltran, No. L-31860, November 29, 1974, 61 SCRA 246, 250; People v. Manambit, G.R. Nos. 72744-45, April 18, 1997, 271 SCRA 344, 377, citing People v. Maongco, G.R. Nos. 108963-65, March 1, 1994, 230 SCRA 562, 575.cralawnad

44Natividad v. Court of Appeals, No. L-40233, June 25, 1980, 98 SCRA 335, 346.cralawnad

45Pecho v. People, G.R. No. 111399, September 27, 1996, 262 SCRA 518, 533; United States v. Gutierrez, 4 Phil. 493 (1905); People v. Sadie, No. L-66907, April 14, 1987, 149 SCRA 240, 244; Perez v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 76203-04, December 6, 1989, 180 SCRA 9, 13.cralawnad

46People v. Reyes, G.R. No. 154159, March 31, 2005, 454 SCRA 635, 651; Eusebio-Calderon v. People, G.R. No. 158495, October 21, 2004, 441 SCRA 137, 147; Serona v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 130423, November 18, 2002, 392 SCRA 35, 45; Sapiera v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 128927, September 14, 1999, 314 SCRA 370, 378.cralawnad

47 Section 61 of the Negotiable Instruments Law provides:

Section 61. Liability of Drawer.�The drawer by drawing the instrument admits the existence of the payee and his then capacity to indorse; and engages that, on due presentment, the instrument will be accepted or paid, or both, according to its tenor, and that if it be dishonoured and the necessary proceedings on dishonour be duly taken, he will pay the amount thereof to the holder or to any subsequent indorser who may be compelled to pay it. But the drawer may insert in the instrument an express stipulation negativing or limiting his own liability to the holder.



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September-2013 Jurisprudence                 

  • A.C. No. 9149, September 04, 2013 - JULIAN PENILLA, Complainant, v. ATTY. QUINTIN P. ALCID, JR., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 166836, September 04, 2013 - SAN MIGUEL PROPERTIES, INC., Petitioner, v. SEC. HERNANDO B. PEREZ, ALBERT C. AGUIRRE, TEODORO B. ARCENAS, JR., MAXY S. ABAD, JAMES G. BARBERS, STEPHEN N. SARINO, ENRIQUE N. ZALAMEA, JR., MARIANO M. MARTIN, ORLANDO O. SAMSON, CATHERINE R. AGUIRRE, AND ANTONIO V. AGCAOILI, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 194948, September 02, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FREDDY SALONGA Y AFIADO, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 189874, September 04, 2013 - RODULFO VALCURZA AND BEATRIZ LASAGA, SPOUSES RONALDO GADIAN & JULIETA TAGALOG, SPOUSES ALLAN VALCURZA AND GINA LABADO, SPOUSES ROLDAN JUMAWAN AND RUBY VALCURZA, SPOUSES EMPERATREZ VALCURZA AND ENRIQUE VALCURZA, CIRILA PANTUHAN, SPOUSES DANIEL VALCURZA AND JOVETA RODELA, SPOUSES LORETO NAELGA AND REMEDIOS DAROY, SPOUSES VERGILIO VALCURZA AND ROSARIO SINELLO, SPOUSES PATRICIO EBANIT AND OTHELIA CABANDAY, SPOUSES ABNER MEDIO AND MIRIAM TAGALOG, SPOUSES CARMEN MAGTRAYO AND MEDIO MAGTRAYO, SPOUSES MARIO VALCURZA AND EDITHA MARBA, SPOUSES ADELARDO VALCURZA AND PRISCILLA LAGUE, SPOUSES VICTOR VALCURZA AND MERUBELLA BEHAG, AND SPOUSES HENRY MEDIO AND ROSALINDA ALOLHA, Petitioners, v. ATTY. CASIMIRO N. TAMPARONG, JR., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 157943, September 04, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. GILBERT REYES WAGAS, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 170604, September 02, 2013 - HEIRS OF MARGARITA PRODON, Petitioners, v. HEIRS OF MAXIMO S. ALVAREZ AND VALENTINA CLAVE, REPRESENTED BY REV. MAXIMO ALVAREZ, JR., Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 160316, September 02, 2013 - ROSALINDA PUNZALAN, RANDALL PUNZALAN AND RAINIER PUNZALAN, Petitioners, v. MICHAEL GAMALIEL J. PLATA AND RUBEN PLATA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 198174, September 02, 2013 - ALPHA INSURANCE AND SURETY CO., Petitioner, v. ARSENIA SONIA CASTOR, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 200508, September 04, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CHRISTOPHER RIVERA Y ROYO, Accused-Appellant.

  • A.M. No. RTJ-12-2320, September 02, 2013 - COL. DANILO E. LUBATON (RETIRED, PNP), Complainant, v. JUDGE MARY JOSEPHINE P. LAZARO, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 74, ANTIPOLO CITY, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 182571, September 02, 2013 - LIGAYA ESGUERRA, LOWELL ESGUERRA AND LIESELL ESGUERRA, Petitioners, v. HOLCIM PHILIPPINES, INC., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 204169, September 11, 2013 - YASUO IWASAWA, Petitioner, v. FELISA CUSTODIO GANGAN (A.K.A FELISA GANGAN ARAMBULO, AND FELISA GANGAN IWASAWA) AND THE LOCAL CIVIL REGISTRAR OF PASAY CITY, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 162226, September 02, 2013 - SANGGUNIANG BARANGAY OF PANGASUGAN, BAYBAY, LEYTE, Petitioner, v. EXPLORATION PERMIT APPLICATION (EXPA-000005-VIII) OF PHILIPPINE NATIONAL OIL COMPANY, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 189822, September 02, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. BRION, JOJIE SUANSING, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 170388, September 04, 2013 - COLEGIO DEL SANTISIMO ROSARIO AND SR. ZENAIDA S. MOFADA, OP, Petitioners, v. EMMANUEL ROJO, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. MTJ-07-1683, September 11, 2013 - OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. HON. SANTIAGO E. SORIANO, FORMER ACTING PRESIDING JUDGE, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT IN CITIES, SAN FERNANDO CITY, LA UNION, AND PRESIDING JUDGE, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT, NAGUILIAN, LA UNION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 169461, September 02, 2013 - FIRST GAS POWER CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY THE OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR GENERAL, Respondent.

  • A.C. No. 9149, September 04, 2013 - JULIAN PENILLA, Complainant, v. ATTY. QUINTIN P. ALCID, JR., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 166836, September 04, 2013 - SAN MIGUEL PROPERTIES, INC., Petitioner, v. SEC. HERNANDO B. PEREZ, ALBERT C. AGUIRRE, TEODORO B. ARCENAS, JR., MAXY S. ABAD, JAMES G. BARBERS, STEPHEN N. SARINO, ENRIQUE N. ZALAMEA, JR., MARIANO M. MARTIN, ORLANDO O. SAMSON, CATHERINE R. AGUIRRE, AND ANTONIO V. AGCAOILI, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 194948, September 02, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FREDDY SALONGA Y AFIADO, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 189874, September 04, 2013 - RODULFO VALCURZA AND BEATRIZ LASAGA, SPOUSES RONALDO GADIAN & JULIETA TAGALOG, SPOUSES ALLAN VALCURZA AND GINA LABADO, SPOUSES ROLDAN JUMAWAN AND RUBY VALCURZA, SPOUSES EMPERATREZ VALCURZA AND ENRIQUE VALCURZA, CIRILA PANTUHAN, SPOUSES DANIEL VALCURZA AND JOVETA RODELA, SPOUSES LORETO NAELGA AND REMEDIOS DAROY, SPOUSES VERGILIO VALCURZA AND ROSARIO SINELLO, SPOUSES PATRICIO EBANIT AND OTHELIA CABANDAY, SPOUSES ABNER MEDIO AND MIRIAM TAGALOG, SPOUSES CARMEN MAGTRAYO AND MEDIO MAGTRAYO, SPOUSES MARIO VALCURZA AND EDITHA MARBA, SPOUSES ADELARDO VALCURZA AND PRISCILLA LAGUE, SPOUSES VICTOR VALCURZA AND MERUBELLA BEHAG, AND SPOUSES HENRY MEDIO AND ROSALINDA ALOLHA, Petitioners, v. ATTY. CASIMIRO N. TAMPARONG, JR., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 170604, September 02, 2013 - HEIRS OF MARGARITA PRODON, Petitioners, v. HEIRS OF MAXIMO S. ALVAREZ AND VALENTINA CLAVE, REPRESENTED BY REV. MAXIMO ALVAREZ, JR., Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 157943, September 04, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. GILBERT REYES WAGAS, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 160316, September 02, 2013 - ROSALINDA PUNZALAN, RANDALL PUNZALAN AND RAINIER PUNZALAN, Petitioners, v. MICHAEL GAMALIEL J. PLATA AND RUBEN PLATA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 198174, September 02, 2013 - ALPHA INSURANCE AND SURETY CO., Petitioner, v. ARSENIA SONIA CASTOR, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 200508, September 04, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CHRISTOPHER RIVERA Y ROYO, Accused-Appellant.

  • A.M. No. RTJ-12-2320, September 02, 2013 - COL. DANILO E. LUBATON (RETIRED, PNP), Complainant, v. JUDGE MARY JOSEPHINE P. LAZARO, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 74, ANTIPOLO CITY, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 182571, September 02, 2013 - LIGAYA ESGUERRA, LOWELL ESGUERRA AND LIESELL ESGUERRA, Petitioners, v. HOLCIM PHILIPPINES, INC., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 204169, September 11, 2013 - YASUO IWASAWA, Petitioner, v. FELISA CUSTODIO GANGAN1 (A.K.A FELISA GANGAN ARAMBULO, AND FELISA GANGAN IWASAWA) AND THE LOCAL CIVIL REGISTRAR OF PASAY CITY, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 162226, September 02, 2013 - SANGGUNIANG BARANGAY OF PANGASUGAN, BAYBAY, LEYTE, Petitioner, v. EXPLORATION PERMIT APPLICATION (EXPA-000005-VIII) OF PHILIPPINE NATIONAL OIL COMPANY, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 189822, September 02, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. BRION, JOJIE SUANSING, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 170388, September 04, 2013 - COLEGIO DEL SANTISIMO ROSARIO AND SR. ZENAIDA S. MOFADA, OP, Petitioners, v. EMMANUEL ROJO,* Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 169461, September 02, 2013 - FIRST GAS POWER CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY THE OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR GENERAL, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. MTJ-07-1683, September 11, 2013 - OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. HON. SANTIAGO E. SORIANO, FORMER ACTING PRESIDING JUDGE, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT IN CITIES, SAN FERNANDO CITY, LA UNION, AND PRESIDING JUDGE, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT, NAGUILIAN, LA UNION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 167484, September 09, 2013 - HERNANDO BORRA, JOHN PACHEO, DANILO PEREZ, FELIZARDO SIMON, RAMON BUENACOSA, JR., FELIX BELADOR, WILFREDO LUPO, RONALD VILLARIAS, ARSENIO MINDANAO, MAX NONALA, SIMPLICIO DE ERIT, NOEL DONGUINES, JULIO BORRA, MELCHOR JAVIER, JOHNNY ENRICO VARGAS, PAQUITO SONDIA, JOSE SALAJOG, ELMER LUPO, RAZUL ARANEZ, NELSON PEREZ, BALBINO ABLAY, FERNANDO SIMON, JIMMY VILLARTA, ROMEO CAINDOC, SALVADOR SANTILLAN, ROMONEL JANEO, ERNESTO GONZALUDO, JOSE PAJES, ROY TAN, FERNANDO SANTILLAN JR., DEMETRIO SEMILLA, RENE CORDERO, EDUARDO MOLENO, ROMY DINAGA, HERNANDO GUMBAN, FEDERICO ALVARICO, ELMER CATO, ROGELIO CORDERO, RODNEY PAJES, ERNIE BAYER, ARMANDO TABARES, NOLI AMADOR, MARIO SANTILLAN, ALANIL TRASMONTE, VICTOR ORTEGA, JOEVING ROQUERO, CYRUS PINAS, DANILO PERALES, AND ALFONSO COSAS, JR., Petitioners, v. COURT OF APPEALS SECOND AND NINETEENTH DIVISIONS AND HAWAIIAN PHILIPPINE COMPANY, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 184732, September 09, 2013 - CORAZON S. CRUZ UNDER THE NAME AND STYLE,VILLA CORAZON CONDO DORMITORY, Petitioner, v. MANILA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. P-04-1903 (Formerly A.M. No. 04-10-597-RTC), September 10, 2013 - OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. DONABEL M. SAVADERA, MA. EVELYN M. LANDICHO AND CONCEPCION G. SAYAS, ALL OF THE RTC, OCC, LIPA CITY, BATANGAS, ATTY. CELSO M. APUSEN AND ATTY. SHEILA ANGELA P. SARMIENTO, Respondents.

  • G.R. Nos. 167274-75, September 11, 2013 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. FORTUNE TOBACCO CORPORATION, Respondent.; G.R. No. 192576, September 11, 2013 - FORTUNE TOBACCO CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 174461, September 11, 2013 - LETICIA I. KUMMER, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. Nos. 175277 & 175285, September 11, 2013 - UNICAPITAL, INC., UNICAPITAL REALTY, INC., AND JAIME J. MARTIREZ, Petitioners, v. RAFAEL JOSE CONSING, JR. AND THE PRESIDING JUDGE OF THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT OF PASIG CITY, BRANCH 168, Respondents.; G.R. No. 192073, September 11, 2013 - RAFAEL JOSE CONSING, JR., Petitioner, v. HON. MARISSA MACARAIG-GUILLEN, IN HER CAPACITY AS THE PRESIDING JUDGE OF THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT OF MAKATI CITY, BRANCH 60 AND UNICAPITAL, INC., Respondents.

  • A.C. No. 9860, September 11, 2013 - JOSEPHINE L. OROLA, MYRNA L. OROLA, MANUEL L. OROLA, MARY ANGELYN OROLA-BELARGA, MARJORIE MELBA OROLA-CALIP, AND KAREN OROLA, Complainants, v. ATTY. JOSEPH ADOR RAMOS, Respondent.

  • G.R. Nos. 187308 & 187517, September 18, 2013 - HILARIA BAGAYAS, Petitioner, v. ROGELIO BAGAYAS, FELICIDAD BAGAYAS, ROSALINA BAGAYAS, MICHAEL BAGAYAS, AND MARIEL BAGAYAS, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 179594, September 11, 2013 - MANUEL UY & SONS, INC., Petitioner, v. VALBUECO, INCORPORATED, Respondent.

  • G.R. Nos. 171594-96, September 18, 2013 - ASIA BREWERY, INC., Petitioner, v. TUNAY NA PAGKAKAISA NG MGA MANGGAGAWA SA ASIA (TPMA), Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 203039, September 11, 2013 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS (DPWH), Petitioner, v. BANK OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (BPI), Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 174665, September 18, 2013 - PHILIPPINE RECLAMATION AUTHORITY (FORMERLY KNOWN AS THE PUBLIC ESTATES AUTHORITY), Petitioner, v. ROMAGO, INCORPORATED, Respondent.; G.R. No. 175221, September 18, 2013 - ROMAGO, INCORPORATED, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE RECLAMATION AUTHORITY (FORMERLY PUBLIC ESTATES AUTHORITY), Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 187731, September 18, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. SPO1 ALFREDO ALAWIG, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 184011, September 18, 2013 - REYNALDO HAYAN MOYA, Petitioner, v. FIRST SOLID RUBBER INDUSTRIES, INC., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 179987, September 03, 2013 - HEIRS OF MARIO MALABANAN, (REPRESENTED BY SALLY A. MALABANAN), Petitioners, v. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 196200, September 11, 2013 - ERNESTO DY, Petitioner, v. HON. GINA M. BIBAT-PALAMOS, IN HER CAPACITY AS PRESIDING JUDGE OF THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 64, MAKATI CITY, AND ORIX METRO LEASING AND FINANCE CORPORATION, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 170018, September 23, 2013 - DEPARTMENT OF AGRARIAN REFORM, REPRESENTED BY OIC-SECRETARY NASSER C. PANGANDAMAN, Petitioner, v. THE COURT OF APPEALS AND BASILAN AGRICULTURAL TRADING CORPORATION (BATCO), Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 203315, September 18, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOEY BACATAN, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 182371, September 04, 2013 - HEIRS OF MELENCIO YU AND TALINANAP MATUALAGA (NAMELY: LEONORA, EDUARDO, VIRGILIO, VILMA, IMELDA, CYNTHIA, AND NANCY, ALL SURNAMED YU), REPRESENTED BY LEONORA, VIRGILIO AND VILMA, Petitioners, v. HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, SPECIAL TWENTY-FIRST DIVISION (TWENTY-SECOND DIVISION); ROSEMARIE D. ANACAN-DIZON (IN HER CAPACITY AS DIVISION CLERK OF COURT); MARION C. MIRABUENO (IN HER CAPACITY AS OIC-CLERK OF COURT OF THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, GENERAL SANTOS CITY), AND HEIRS OF CONCEPCION NON ANDRES (NAMELY: SERGIO, JR., SOFRONIO AND GRACELDA, ALL SURNAMED ANDRES), REPRESENTED BY GRACELDA N. ANDRES, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 198075, September 04, 2013 - KOPPEL, INC. (FORMERLY KNOWN AS KPL AIRCON, INC.), Petitioner, v. MAKATI ROTARY CLUB FOUNDATION, INC., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 167174, September 23, 2013 - SPOUSES CARMELITO AND ANTONIA ALDOVER, Petitioners, v. THE COURT OF APPEALS, SUSANA AHORRO, ARLINE SINGSON, BIBIANA CAHIBAYBAYAN, LUMINADA ERQUIZA,1 ANGELITA ALBERT, JOSELITO ACULA, SORAYDA ACULA, JOMAR ACULA, CECILIA FAMORCA, CELESTE VASQUEZ, ALFONSO CABUWAGAN, CARMELITA RIVERA, JESSIE CAHIBAYBAYAN, MA. ANA V. TAKEGUCHI, ROSEMARIE BONIFACIO, ANGELINA FLORES, ALMACERES D. MISHIMA, AURELIA CAHIBAYBAYAN, SONIA S. MALAQUE, NORA ANTONIO, REYNALDO ANTONIO, REGINALD ANTONIO, RONALDO ANTONIO, JR., JUANITA CHING,2 MARIETA PACIS, TITO PACIS, JOSE IBAYAN, ELSIE SISON, LEONARDO SISON, MERCEDES ANTONIO, RICARDO SARMIENTO,3 SERGIO TEGIO, CRISENCIA FAVILLAR, NELLY FERNANDEZ, MARILYN DE VEGA, CELIA TUAZON, CELINE RAMOS, EUTEMIO RAMOS, LUZVIMINDA VERUEN, NICANOR ORTEZA, ADELAIDA CALUGAN,4 GLORIA AGBUSAC,5 VIRGINIA GAON, REMIGIO MAYBITUIN, LAURA GARCIA, CHARLES GARCIA, MA. CRISTINA GARCIA,6 RICARDO SARMIENTO, SR., ROBERTO TUAZON, GEMMA TUAZON, ANALYN TUAZON, JOHN ROBERT TUAZON, ELJEROME TUAZON, JEMMALYN TUAZON, MILAGROS TUBIGO,7 MARICAR TUBIGO,8 MARISSA BITUIN,9 ROGER GOBRIN, MARCELINA RAMOS, ESTRELLA RAMOS, ALFREDO RAMOS, ADORACION RAMOS, ERICSON RAMOS, CAMILLE RAMOS, RAMIL MARQUISA,10 ROMEO PORCARE, NIDA PORCARE, JEROME PORCARE, JONATHAN PORCARE, PILARCITA ABSIN, JHON-JHON ABSIN, JASON ABSIN,11 JAYSON ABSIN, EDWARDO ABSIN, MAMRIA EDEN,12 ARNEL REUCAZA, ZENAIDA REUCAZA, MICHELE REUCAZA, NALYN REUCAZA,13 MARICRIS REUCAZA, ABELLE REUCAZA,14 JHON VILLAVECENCIO, CILLE VILLAVECENCIO, ARIEL CAHIBAYBAYAN, JOHN EDWARD VILLAVECENCIO, ARCELITO VILLAVECENCIO, FERMINA RIVERA, ANITA RIVERA,15 EDWIN HOSMILLO, ESTER HOSMILLO, REGINE HOSMILLO, MARFIKIS VENZON, CURT SMITH VENZON, ALBERTO VILLAVECENCIO, MARILYN DE VEGA, JEFFREY DE VEGA, LIANA DE VEGA, RAMIL DE VEGA,16 SHANE VENZON, RUFO SINGSON, ROSALIE BALINGIT, RAUL SINGSON, HAZEL GARCIA, CRISTINE GARCIA, JASON GARCIA, ECY B. TAN,17 GREGORIO AURE, ICTORIA SARMIENTO,18 OSCAR TUBIGO,19 JOVY SARMIENTO, BABYLYN SARMIENTO, JEAN CAHIBAYBAYAN,20 RONALD CAHIBAYBAYAN,21 ALLAN CAHIBAYBAYAN, AMELIA DEQUINA, DENNIS DEQUINA, IRMA DEQUINA, FREDERICK DEQUINA, CRISTINE JOY DEQUINA, ENRIQUE LOPEZ,22 NERY LOPEZ, NERISSA LOPEZ, ERICA LOPEZ, VANESSA LOPEZ, LEO JIMENEZ, MICHELLE JIMENEZ, MAYLEEN JIMENEZ, LEONARDO JIMENEZ,23 FELICIANO MIRALLES, VIRGINIA ECIJA, LEONARDO AHORRO, MA. GINA SORIO, ARNEL SORIO, JOENNY PAVILLAR, SALVACION PAVILLAR, JOHNNY BALDERAMA, MARY JANE BALDERAMA, FERDINAND MALAQUE, MARK ADELCHI MALAQUE, CLIO JOY MALAQUE, IRISH MADLANGBAYAN, EFFERSON MADLANGBAYAN, ROBERTO MALAQUE, HELARIA MALAQUE,24 ARBIE MAY MALAQUEROY,25 GILBERT MALAQUE,26 SARRY LEGASPI, TERESITA LEGASPI, ROSEANN CRUZ, SHE ANN CRUZ, EXELEN LEGASPI, GREGORIO RAMOS, NENITA RAMOS, FELINO TEGIO, JOYZAIRRA ACULA, JUANITO CALUGAY,27 GEMMA CALUGAY, CARLITO ANTONIO, CELIA ANTONIO,28 PRINCES MARGARET,29 JOSE CECILIO,30 JEROME CZAR,31 RAMON SISON, DANILO SISON, MARILOU SISON, ALEX RIVERA, NARCISO DEL ROSARIO, BRIAN DEL ROSARIO,32 CHARLINE DEL ROSARIO, CARMELA DEL ROSARIO, KEVIN DEL ROSARIO, BEHNSIN JOHN DEL PACIS,33 MELRON ANTONIO, ANGEO ANTONIO,34 DAISY ANN ANTONIO, IVAN ANTONIO, RAYMART ANTONIO, PRESCILLA PAGKALIWANGAN, MARK KENNETH PAGKALIWANGAN, MARK JULIUS PAGKALIWANGAN, VINCENT PAGKALIWANGAN, DOLORES ORTEZA, JONECA ORTEZA,35 YUMI ORTEZA, NICANOR ORTEZA, RAUL BALINGIT, KATRINA CASSANDRA BAES, CHRISTOPHER BAES, MARK GIL BAES, BIENVENIDO BAES, ARTEMIO SANTOS, CATHERINE UMINGA, ROLANDO UMINGA, SR., ERLINDA TUAZON, CHRISTIAN TUAZON, ARGEL ANGELO SANTOS, MONTANO PAGKALIWANGAN, IN THEIR OWN BEHALF AND AS MEMBERS OF SAMAHANG MAGKAKAPITBAHAY NG VILLA REYES COMPOUND ASSOCIATION, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 183804, September 11, 2013 - S.C. MEGAWORLD CONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. ENGR. LUIS U. PARADA, REPRESENTED BY ENGR. LEONARDO A. PARADA OF GENLITE INDUSTRIES, Respondent.

  • G.R. Nos. 169823-24, September 11, 2013 - HERMINIO T. DISINI, Petitioner, v. THE HON. SANDIGANBAYAN, FIRST DIVISION, AND THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.; G.R. Nos. 174764-65, September 11, 2013 - HERMINIO T. DISINI, Petitioner, v. SANDIGANBAYAN, FIRST DIVISION, AND THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 183952, September 09, 2013 - CZARINA T. MALVAR, Petitioner, v. KRAFT FOOD PHILS., INC. AND/OR BIENVENIDO BAUTISTA, KRAFT FOODS INTERNATIONAL, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 201787, September 25, 2013 - ANALITA P. INOCENCIO, SUBSTITUTING FOR RAMON INOCENCIO (DECEASED), Petitioner, v. HOSPICIO DE SAN JOSE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 200080, September 18, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MARVIN CAYANAN, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 203068, September 18, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RYAN FRIAS Y GALANG A.K.A. �TAGADOG�, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 206987, September 10, 2013 - ALLIANCE FOR NATIONALISM AND DEMOCRACY (ANAD), Petitioner, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 202370, September 23, 2013 - JUAN SEVILLA SALAS, JR., Petitioner, v. EDEN VILLENA AGUILA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 201103, September 25, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JIMMY CEDENIO Y PERALTA, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 197550, September 25, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ARTURO ENRIQUEZ Y DE LOS REYES, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 198444, September 04, 2013 - CITIBANK N.A. AND THE CITIGROUP PRIVATE BANK, Petitioners, v. ESTER H. TANCO-GABALDON, ARSENIO TANCO & THE HEIRS OF KU TIONG LAM, Respondents.; G.R. No. 198469-70, September 04, 2013 - CAROL LIM, Petitioner, v. ESTER H. TANCO-GABALDON, ARSENIO TANCO & THE HEIRS OF KU TIONG LAM, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 197522, September 11, 2013 - ELISEO V. AGUILAR, Petitioner, v. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, PO1 LEO T. DANGUPON, 1ST LT. PHILIP FORTUNO, CPL. EDILBERTO ABORDO, SPO3 GREGARDRO A. VILLAR, SPO1 RAMON M. LARA, SPO1 ALEX L. ACAYLAR, AND PO1 JOVANNIE C. BALICOL, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 158866, September 09, 2013 - BANCO FILIPINO SAVINGS AND MORTGAGE BANK, Petitioner, v. TALA REALTY SERVICES CORPORATION, PEDRO B. AGUIRRE, REMEDIOS A. DUPASQUIER, PILAR D. ONGKING, ELIZABETH H. PALMA, DOLLY W. LIM, RUBENCITO M. DEL MUNDO, ADD INTERNATIONAL SERVICES, INCORPORATED, AND NANCY L. TY, Respondents.; G.R. No. 181933, September 09, 2013 - NANCY L. TY, Petitioner, v. BANCO FILIPINO SAVINGS AND MORTGAGE BANK, Respondent.; G.R. No. 187551, September 09, 2013 - BANCO FILIPINO SAVINGS AND MORTGAGE BANK, Petitioner, v. COURT OF APPEALS, TALA REALTY SERVICES CORPORATION, NANCY L. TY, PEDRO B. AGUIRRE, REMEDIOS A. DUPASQUIER, PILAR D. ONGKING, ELIZABETH H. PALMA, DOLLY W. LIM, RUBENCITO M. DEL MUNDO, AND ADD INTERNATIONAL SERVICES, INCORPORATED, Respondents.

  • B.M. No. 2540, September 24, 2013 - IN RE: PETITION TO SIGN IN THE ROLL OF ATTORNEYS MICHAEL A. MEDADO, Petitioner.

  • G.R. No. 171633, September 18, 2013 - JUANITO VICTOR C. REMULLA, Petitioner, v. ERINEO S. MALIKSI, IN HIS CAPACITY AS GOVERNOR OF THE PROVINCE OF CAVITE, RENATO A. IGNACIO, IN HIS CAPACITY AS PROVINCIAL LEGAL OFFICER OF THE PROVINCE OF CAVITE, MARIETTA O'HARA DE VILLA, HEIRS OF HIGINO DE VILLA, GOLDENROD, INC., SONYA G. MATHAY, AND ELEUTERIO M. PASCUAL, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 171206, September 23, 2013 - HEIRS OF THE LATE SPOUSES FLAVIANO MAGLASANG AND SALUD ADAZA-MAGLASANG, NAMELY, OSCAR A. MAGLASANG, EDGAR A. MAGLASANG, CONCEPCION CHONA A. MAGLASANG, GLENDA A. MAGLASANG-ARNAIZ, LERMA A. MAGLASANG, FELMA A. MAGLASANG, FE DORIS A. MAGLASANG, LEOLINO A. MAGLASANG, MARGIE LEILA A. MAGLASANG, MA. MILALIE A. MAGLASANG, SALUD MAGLASANG, AND MA. FLASALIE A. MAGLASANG, REPRESENTING THE ESTATES OF THEIR AFORE-NAMED DECEASED PARENTS, Petitioners, v. MANILA BANKING CORPORAT ON, NOW SUBSTITUTED BY FIRST SOVEREIGN ASSET MANAGEMENT [SPV-AMC], INC. [FSAMI], Respondent.

  • G.R. Nos. 195011-19, September 30, 2013 - GREGORIO SINGIAN, JR., Petitioner, v. SANDIGANBAYAN (3RD DIVISION), THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, AND THE PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON GOOD GOVERNMENT, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 180427, September 30, 2013 - CRISANTA GUIDO-ENRIQUEZ, Petitioner, v. ALICIA I. VICTORINO, HEIRS OF ANTONIA VDA. DE VICTORINO, AND HON. RANDY A. RUTAQUIO, IN HIS CAPACITY AS ACTING REGISTER OF DEEDS OF RIZAL FOR MORONG BRANCH, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 179259, September 25, 2013 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE AIRLINES, INC. (PAL), Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 204603, September 24, 2013 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, THE SECRETARY OF JUSTICE, THE SECRETARY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, THE SECRETARY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE, THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT THE SECRETARY OF FINANCE, THE NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER, THE SECRETARY OF BUDGET AND MANAGEMENT THE TREASURER. OF THE PHILIPPINES, THE CHIEF OF STAFF OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES, AND THE CHIEF OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE, Petitioners, v. HERMINIO HARRY ROQUE, MORO CHRISTIAN PEOPLE'S ALLIANCE, FR. JOE DIZON, RODINIE SORIANO, STEPHANIE ABIERA, MARIA LOURDES ALCAIN, VOLTAIRE ALFEREZ, CZARINA MAY ALTEZ, SHERYL BALOT, RENIZZA BATACAN, EDAN MARRI CANETE, LEANA CARAMOAN, ALDWIN CAMANCE, RENE DELORINO, PAULYN MAY DUMAN, RODRIGO FAJARDO III, ANNA MARIE GO, ANNA ARMINDA JIMENEZ, MARY ANN LEE, LUISA MANALAYSAY, MIGUEL MUSNGI, MICHAEL OCAMPO, NORMAN ROLAND OCANA III, WILLIAM RAGAMAT, MARICAR RAMOS, CHERRY LOU REYES, MELISSA ANN SICAT, CRISTINE MAE TABING, VANESSA TORNO, AND HON. JUDGE ELEUTERIO L. BATHAN, AS PRESIDING JUDGE OF REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, QUEZON CITY, BRANCH 92, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 192253, September 18, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CARLITO ESPENILLA, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 187378, September 30, 2013 - RAMONITO O. ACAAC, PETAL FOUNDATION, INC., APOLINARIO M. ELORDE, HECTOR ACAAC, AND ROMEO BULAWIN, Petitioners, v. MELQUIADES D. AZCUNA, JR., IN HIS CAPACITY AS MAYOR, AND MARIETES B. BONALOS, IN HER CAPACITY AS MUNICIPAL ENGINEER AND BUILDING OFFICIAL-DESIGNATE, BOTH OF LOPEZ JAENA MUNICIPALITY, MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 197813, September 25, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. EDWIN IBA�EZ Y ALBANTE AND ALFREDO (FREDDIE) NULLA Y IBA�EZ, Accused-Appellants.

  • G.R. No. 202158, September 25, 2013 - ERIC ALVAREZ, SUBSTITUTED BY ELIZABETH ALVAREZ-CASAREJOS, Petitioner, v. GOLDEN TRI BLOC, INC. AND ENRIQUE LEE, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 185383, September 25, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. GIOVANNI OCFEMIA Y CHAVEZ, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 191256, September 18, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. GARY ALINAO, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 180064, September 16, 2013 - JOSE U. PUA AND BENJAMIN HANBEN U. PUA, Petitioners, v. CITIBANK, N.A., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 187268, September 04, 2013 - JOVITO C. PLAMERAS, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 166330, September 11, 2013 - SMART COMMUNICATIONS, INC., Petitioner, v. ARSENIO ALDECOA, JOSE B. TORRE, CONRADO U. PUA, GREGORIO V. MANSANO, JERRY CORPUZ AND ESTELITA ACOSTA, Respondents.

  • A.M. No. P-13-3105 (Formerly A.M. No. 10-7-83-MTCC), September 11, 2013 - OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. DESIDERIO W. MACUSI, JR., SHERIFF IV, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 25, TABUK CITY, KALINGA, Respondent.

  • A.C. No. 9684, September 18, 2013 - MARY ROSE A. BOTO, Complainant, v. SENIOR ASSISTANT CITY PROSECUTOR VINCENT L. VILLENA, CITY PROSECUTOR ARCHIMEDES V. MANABAT AND ASSISTANT CITY PROSECUTOR PATRICK NOEL P. DE DIOS, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 201760, September 16, 2013 - LBL INDUSTRIES, INC., Petitioner, v. CITY OF LAPU-LAPU, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 195395, September 10, 2013 - ENGINEER MANOLITO P. MENDOZA, Petitioner, v. COMMISSION ON AUDIT, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 180284, September 11, 2013 - NARCISO SALAS, Petitioners, v. ANNABELLE MATUSALEM, Respondent.