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COMMISSIONER
OF INTERNAL REVENUE,
G. R. No. 113703
January 31, 1997
-versus-
A.
SORIANO CORPORATION, COURT OF TAX APPEALS
FRANCISCO, J.:
The facts of
this case are undisputed.
On November 27, 1987, private respondent, A. Soriano Corporation
[hereinafter
referred to as ANSCOR for brevity], filed with the respondent, Court of
Tax Appeals, a petition for refund of excess tax payments it made to
the
Bureau of Internal Revenue [BIR] in the amount of P273,876.05 for the
year
1985 and P1,126,065.40 for the year 1986 or a total amount of
P1,399,941.45,
arriving at the foregoing amount as follows:
Prior years' excess income tax payments P3,016,841.00 [Exh. A] Plus: Taxes withheld on interest P255,864.00
Taxes withheld by withholding agents
1,126,065.40
[Exh. C] During trial
before the Court of Tax Appeals, ANSCOR
presented evidence to substantiate its claim, to which no objection was
interposed by the petitioner, Commissioner of Internal Revenue, except
for the purposes for which they were offered. When ANSCOR rested its
case,
the petitioner, instead of presenting evidence, submitted the case for
decision solely upon the evidence adduced by ANSCOR and the pleadings
on
record.[2]
On August 7, 1991, the Court of Tax Appeals rendered a decision, the pertinent portion of which reads:
On September 17, 1991, the petitioner filed a motion for reconsideration of the foregoing decision. Seeking the admission in evidence of a report[4] submitted only on September 18, 1991 by the BIR Official who investigated ANSCOR's claim for refund, a supplemental motion for reconsideration was filed by the petitioner on September 27, 1991. The Court of Tax Appeals, however, denied the petitioner's motion for reconsideration and supplemental motion for reconsideration. In a resolution dated December 9, 1992, it held, among others, that the petitioner cannot be allowed to present the BIR report of September 18, 1991 because such report was in the personal physical possession of a subordinate of the petitioner during the trial and is therefore not in the nature of a newly discovered evidence but is merely "forgotten evidence."[5] The petitioner appealed to the Court of Appeals which affirmed the assailed decision and resolution of the Court of Tax Appeals. Hence, this Petition for Review on Certiorari raising the singular issue of: "whether CTA. Case No. 4201 should be reopened in order to allow petitioner to present in evidence the report of investigation of the BIR officer on private respondent's claim for refund."[6] It is evident that what the petitioner sought before the Court of Tax Appeals was actually a new trial on the ground of newly discovered evidence. Thus, as correctly put by ANSCOR in its Comment to the Petition, the resolution of the above stated issue hinges on the determination of the nature of the BIR report either as newly discovered evidence, warranting a trial de novo, or "forgotten evidence" which can no longer be considered on appeal.[7] Section 5, Rule 13 of the Rules of the Court of Tax Appeals provides that the provisions of Rule 37 of the Rules of Court shall be applicable to motions for new trial before the Court of Tax Appeals. Under Section 1, Rule 37 of the Rules of Court, the requisites for newly discovered evidence as a ground for a new trial are: [a] the evidence was discovered after the trial; [b] such evidence could not have been discovered and produced at the trial with reasonable diligence; and [c] that it is material, not merely cumulative, corroborative or impeaching, and is of such weight that, if admitted, will probably change the judgment.[8] All three requisites must characterize the evidence sought to be introduced at the new trial. We agree with the ruling of the respondent Courts that the BIR report of September 18, 1991 does not qualify as newly discovered evidence. Aside from petitioner's bare assertion that the said report was not yet in existence at the time of the trial, he miserably failed to offer any evidence to prove that the same could not have been discovered and produced at the trial despite reasonable diligence. Why such a report of vital significance could not have been prepared and presented during the four [4] long years that the case was pending before the Court of Tax Appeals is simply beyond our comprehension. Worse, petitioner did not even endeavor to explain this circumstance. Perhaps realizing that under the Rules the said report cannot be correctly admitted as newly discovered evidence, the petitioner invokes a liberal application of the Rules. He submits that Section 8 of the Rules of the Court of Tax Appeals declaring that the latter shall not be governed strictly by technical rules of evidence mandates a relaxation of the requirements of new trial on the basis of newly discovered evidence. This is a dangerous proposition and one which we refuse to countenance. we cannot agree more with the Court of Appeals when it stated thus:
We are left with no recourse but to conclude that this is a simple case of negligence on the part of the petitioner. For this act of negligence, the petitioner cannot be allowed to seek refuge in a liberal application of the Rules. For it should not be forgotten that the first and fundamental concern of the rules of procedure is to secure a just determination of every action. In the case at bench, a liberal application of the rules of procedure to suit the petitioner's purpose would clearly pave the way for injustice as it would be rewarding an act of negligence with undeserved tolerance. WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby DENIED and the assailed decision of the Court of Appeals dated January 31, 1994 is AFFIRMED in toto. SO ORDERED. Narvasa, C.J, Davide, Jr., Melo and Panganiban, JJ., concur. ___________________________________
[1] Decision in CA-G. R. No. 29967 promulgated on January 31, 1994, pp. 1-2; Rollo, pp. 37-38. [2] Ibid. [3] Decision in CTA Case No. 4201 promulgated on August 7, 1991, pp. 3-4; Rollo, pp. 29-30. [4] The said report reads as follows: "Barring and assuming presentation of the requested documents and taking into consideration the certification of creditable income taxes withheld issued by the Chief, Withholding Tax Division (See Annex "B" and B-1 and B-2) that only the total amount of P414,292.06 and P414,772.99 creditable income taxes withheld from A Soriano Corporation (ANSCOR) for the taxable year 1985 and 1986, respectively, the maximum amount that can be favorably subjected to a tax credit memo for the two (2) taxable year will only be P34,697.10, computed as follows: Balance of the accumulated tax credit as of 1985 after credit under CTA Case No. 3694 P1,825,979.05 Add: 1985 Creditable Tax Withheld per Certificate by the Withholding Tax Division 414,292.06 Total 2,240,271.11 Less: Tax Doc per return-1985 2,620,347.00 Difference 380,075.89 Less: Creditable Taxes Withheld for 1986 per Certification by Withholding Tax Division 414,772.99 Excess tax credit which may be subjected to a tax credit memo P 34,697.10 [5] Supra, p. 6; Rollo, p. 42. [6] PETITION in G.R. No. 113703 dated March 16, 1994, p. 10 Rollo, p.17. [7] COMMENT in G.R. No. 113703 dated August 10, 1994, p. 14; Rollo, p. 66. [8] Dapin vs. Dionaldo, 209 SCRA 38, 44 [1992]; Bernardo vs. Court of Appeals, 216 SCRA 224 [1992]; Pantig vs. Baltazar, 191 SCRA 830 [1990]; Velasco vs. Ortiz, 184 SCRA 303 [1990]; Tumang vs. Court of Appeals, 172 SCRA 328 [1989]. [9] Supra, p. 8, Rollo, p. 44. |
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