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EXECUTIVE ORDERS
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EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 265 - APPROVING
AND ADOPTING THE GOVERNMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS PLAN (GISP) AS
FRAMEWORK AND GUIDE FOR ALL COMPUTERIZATION EFFORTS IN GOVERNMENT
WHEREAS,
the government is committed to carry out, in pursuance of “Angat Pinoy
2004”, or the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan, 1999-2004,
wide-ranging administrative reforms to enhance government efficiency
and effectiveness in government operations and in the delivery of basic
services to the public;
WHEREAS, these reforms are being pursued particularly in fiscal and
financial management, procurement, education and manpower development,
personnel welfare, organizational effectiveness, and service delivery;
WHEREAS, the wider use and application of information and
communications technology offer tremendous opportunities for government
to ensure the success of these reforms;
WHEREAS, the National Information Technology Council (NITC), the policy
advisory body on information and communications technology in the
country, has formulated, in close consultation with concerned
government agencies, the private sector, local government units,
academe, and members of Congress, and accordingly endorsed a government
information systems plan that will serve as blueprint for the
computerization of vital government operations and key front-line
services for more effective governance;
WHEREAS, the NITC and the Electronic Commerce Promotion Council,
created pursuant to Executive Order 468, dated 23 February 1998, have
been merged into the Information Technology and Electronic Commerce
Council (ITECC);
NOW, THEREFORE, I, JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA, President of the
Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by law, do hereby
order as follows:
Section 1.
Sec. 2.
Sec. 3.
Sec. 4.
Sec. 5.
DONE in the City of Manila,
this 12th day of July, in the year of our Lord, Two Thousand.
ATTACHMENT
Philippine Government Online
Government Information Systems Plans
Foreword
In my keynote speech during the Knowledge Economy Conference held on
May 8, 2000, I specifically mentioned that I want to see information
and communications technology (ICT) more widely and effectively used in
government, to give the public better access to information and to
deliver government services more efficiently and
promptly.
Philippine Government Online is therefore a very apt name for this
Government Information Systems Plan (GISP) as it means bringing
government closer to our people. The GISP envisions the Philippines as
a country where every citizen anywhere in the archipelago or in any
part of the world, as well as our foreign friends and business
partners, can easily access and avail of government information and
services.
All this is now possible if we harness the full potentials of ICT and
the Internet. We look at ICT, not only as a productivity tool, but more
importantly, as a development strategy for economic growth and global
competitiveness. In fact, it is an important component of the
Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP), or “Angat Pinoy 2004.”
The specific plans for the attainment of economic growth and social
equity as outlined in the MTPDP—whether in social reform, industry,
infrastructure, governance and macroeconomic development—underline the
importance of ICT in achieving our development objectives and targets
for the next four years.
In line with those objectives, the GISP details the policies, the
infrastructure, strategies, technology solutions, and financing options
that must be put in place and set in motion for us to realize our
vision of a “Philippine Government Online.” It also provides the
implementation framework and key milestones that will guide the
different line departments and agencies, the Department of Budget and
Management and other oversight agencies, as well as the Cabinet and
Congress in the planning and allocation of budgetary appropriations for
priority ICT programs and projects of the government.
The realization of our vision of Philippine Government Online will only
be possible with the support of everybody. I, therefore, enjoin the
cooperation of the leaders and members of Congress, the Judiciary, all
executive departments, local government units, and the private sector
to make us realize this vision.
JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA
President
Republic of the Philippines
June 2000
PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT ONLINE!
This is not just a buzzword. It is both the vision and strategy adopted
by the government in reforming governance today through the application
of information and communications technology (ICT). And the Government
Information Systems Plan (GISP) is the framework and master plan to
make this happen.
Consistent with the country’s development objectives as contained in
the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan, or “Angat Pinoy 2004,” the
GISP envisions an electronic bureaucracy that is widely and readily
accessible to its constituency — the Filipino people.
It is a master plan that sets the enabling policy and institutional
infrastructure and environment, as well as the direction, priorities
and benchmarks for computerization of key government operations and
activities over the next five to ten years. It is a plan to fully
harness the potentials of ICT for good governance and promote
transparency and accountability in government operations and
transactions.
The GISP was formulated in consultation with various stakeholders —
government agencies, the private sector, civil society, media, the
academe, and other critical players in governance and the information
and communications technology community.
The National Information Technology Council (NITC) wishes to
acknowledge and express its sincerest thanks to all those who have
contributed their time and energy to ensure the completion of this
Plan. Without their valuable inputs support and encouragement, the
completion of this Plan would not have been possible. We hope that this
will translate into concrete results for the realization of the GISP’s
goal and objectives.
At the same time, we enjoin all those in government and the private
sector to work together in ensuring the realization of PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT ONLINE!
(SGD.) DR. FILEMON A. URIARTE, JR.
Secretary
Department of Science and Technology
Chairman
National Information Technology Council
(SGD.) DR. FELIPE M. MEDALLA
Secretary
National Economic and Development Authority
Co-Chairman
National Information Technology Council
(SGD.) JAIME AUGUSTO ZOBEL DE AYALA II
President and CEO
Ayala Corporation
Co-Chairman
National Information Technology Council
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. _____
APPROVING AND ADOPTING THE GOVERNMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS PLAN (GISP)
AS FRAMEWORK AND GUIDE FOR ALL COMPUTERIZATION EFFORTS IN GOVERNMENT
WHEREAS, the government is committed to carry out, in pursuance of
“Angat Pinoy 2004” or the “Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan,
199-2004,” wide-ranging administrative reforms to enhance government
efficiency and effectiveness in government operations and in the
delivery of basic services to the public;
WHEREAS, these reforms are being pursued particularly in fiscal and
financial management, procurement, education and manpower development,
personnel welfare, organizational effectiveness, and service delivery;
WHEREAS, the wider use and application of information and
communications technology (ICT) offer tremendous opportunities for
government to ensure the success of these reforms;
WHEREAS, the National Information Technology Council (NITC), the policy
advisory body on information and communications technology (ICT) in the
country, has formulated, in close consultation with the other agencies
of government, the private sector, local government units, academe,
members of Congress, and accordingly endorsed a government information
systems plan that will serve as blueprint for the computerization of
vital government operations and key frontline services for more
effective governance;
NOW, THEREFORE, I, JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA, President of the
Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by law, do hereby
order as follows:
Section 1.
Sec. 2.
Sec. 3.
Sec. 4.
Done in the city of __________ this _______ day of _________, in the
year _______.
By the President:
RONALDO B. ZAMORA
Executive Secretary
Abbreviations and Acronyms
AFIRM
AFP
AFPMC
ANSI
ASEAN
ATM
BC
BFAR
BFP
BI
BIR
BJMP
BL
BLGF
BOC
BOI
BOO
BOT
BPHRE
BSP
BTR
C&C
CA
CADD
CANPASS
CD-R
CHED
CHR
CIO
CMTS
COA
COMELEC
COTS
CRS
CSC
CSLP
DA
DAR
DBM
DDB
DECS
DENR
DFA
DILG
DISP
DND
DOF
DOH
DOJ
DOLE
DOST
DOT
DOTC
DPWH
DSS
DSWD
DTI
EAPS
EBT
E-Commerce
EDF
EDI
EDM
EIS
EPS
FDDI
FINLINK
FIRB
FMIS
FTP
GAA
GCMCC
GHRMIS
GIS
GISP
GMIS
GOCC Government Owned and/or Controlled Corporations
GPAIS Government Physical Assets Information System
GPS
GRMIS
GSIS
HLURB
HRIS
HTML
HUDCC
IAFIS
IC
ICC
ICT
IEC
INSPASS
IP
IRA
IRM
IRMO
IRMP
IS
ISO
ISP
ISSP
IT
ITFP
IT21
ITMDP
ITR
JOBNET
LAN
LBP
LCP
LEDAC
LGU
LRA
LTO
MIS
MNLF IP
Mobile IP
or L2TP
MSC
MTEF
MTEP
NAMRIA
NAPC
NAPOLCOM
NBI
NCC
NCCA
NCI
NCIC 2000
NCIP
NCIS
NCR
NCWDP
NEDA
NFA
NHI
NHMFC
NIN
NITC
NITP2000
NKTI
NLAM
NM
NSCB
NSO
NTA
NTC
NYC
OCR
ODA
OES
OIRM
OMA
OP
OP-EIS
PAGASA
PC
PCASTRD
PCHRD
PCIC
PCMC
PCUP
PCS
PDA
PDF
PEAC
PETEF
PGH
PHC
PHIC
PHILVOCS
PII
PISO
PLA
PLDT
PMA
PMS
PNP
POPCOM
PSA
PSC
PSTN
R&D
RA
RAM
RDBMS
RIARC
RMAO
ROS
RTC
S&T
SEC
SISN
SSS
SUC
TCP/IP
TESDA
TIGERS
UP
VMMC
VPN
WAN
WAP
WORM
WWW
xDSL
Chapter 1
ICT Developments and Challenges
The success stories of many Asian countries may be attributed in large
part to their adoption of policies and strategies that focused on the
use and exploitation of information and communications technology
(ICT). These include: strong government commitment and support for ICT
development in the form of policy incentives; increasing levels of
investment in ICT research and development projects;eralized and
accelerated investments in key infrastructure and telecommunications
facilities; increasing manpower development and skills training,
particularly in engineering and ICT.
A.
Telecommunications
The liberalization of the telecommunications industry opened the doors
for more players in the sector, which resulted in a dramatic rise in
the country’s telecommunications facilities and services.
•
•
Liberalization brought more players in the telecommunications industry, and greatly increased the number of telecommunications facilities and services in the Philippines.
Figure 1.1 — Telephone Lines Installed in the Philippines, 1990-1998 and
Figure 1.2 — Telephone Density in the Philippines, 1990-1998
•
•
•
Personal Computers Market
The personal computers market increased tremendously with average annual sales estimated at 350,000 units. About 20% of total sales is bought for home use, the rest for office and business use (Velasco, UAP/CRC 1999).
The number of PC users and internet service providers and subscribers grew tremendously in recent years.
Internet Service Providers
From 19 in 1995, Internet service providers rose to about 160 in 1997. Other services using the Internet also expanded.
Some new services using the Internet
•
•
As of end 1997, Internet subscribers numbered 50,000 to 75,000 while an additional 150,000 to 225,000 nonsubscribers have access to the Internet through schools, offices, and cyber cafes (Velasco, UAP/CRC 1999).
Software Service Providers
A UNIDO study (1997) showed that local software providers are small, with very limited capital and capacity to develop products that will satisfy government’s sophisticated requirements. Government needs to address this through policies and strategies that will stimulate capital formation and encourage partnerships between local software and solution providers and government. The situation also calls for a government study on the possibility and implications of opening up the procurement of huge ICT projects to global competition.
Local software providers are mostly small and unable to satisfy government’s sophisticated ICT requirements.
B.
Asian ICT Facilities
Despite improvements in telecommunications, the Philippines falls behind its Asia-Pacific neighbors. Based on data from OECD’s 1999 World Development Indicators, the Philippines ranks second from the bottom in terms of ICT facilities among Asian countries, only better than Indonesia (Figs. 1-3, 1-4 and 1-5). Hong Kong and Singapore had ICT facilities comparable to those of Japan and the United States, which are the world leaders. Malaysia, South Korea and Thailand are likewise gaining more ground in improving their ICT facilities.
The Philippine falls behind its Asian neighbors in terms of ICT facilities.
Figure 1.3 — Distribution of Mobile Phones per 1,000 People in Selected Countries and
Figure 1.4 — Distribution of Personal Computer per 1,000 People in Selected Countries
Figure 1.5 — Distribution of Internet Hosts per 10,000 People in Selected Countries, July 1998
ICT Market
The Asian ICT markets grew at an average of 20.44% from 1987, to 1994, outstripping the growth in the region’s gross domestic product (Fig. 1.6). The Philippine ICT market is growing at a pace more than twice its GDP growth. The rapid growth in the ICT market in the region resulted in its increasing share in the world market from 1.7% to 2.8% during the period.
As in the rest of Asia, ICT market growth in the Philippines outstripped the country’s GDP growth. But compared to the other Asian countries, the ratio of ICT market size to GDP in the Philippines is still small.
Figure 1.6 — Compound Annual Growth (CAGR) of IT Market and GDP (in %) 1987-1994
Key ICT Initiatives in Asian countries
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Contributing to this expansion are the successive multi-annual plans and information highway projects of these countries, including the development of science and technology parks and industrial estates with an ICT focus. Side by side with the initiatives of Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore, the Philippines has adopted a national ICT plan for the 21st century and gives ICT projects high priority in its investment plans.
It would be noted however, that with ICT penetration ratio (market size as a percentage of GDP) as benchmark, the Philippines (with a ratio of 0.5) falls way behind such Asian countries as Hong Kong (1.2), Malaysia (1.3), Singapore (1.9), and Korea (1.6). The Philippines is at par with Thailand (0.6, China (0.5) and India (0.5), but slightly better than Indonesia (0.4).
Figure 1.7 — ICT Penetration Rate in Selected Asian Countries (% of GDP)
Government Computerization Initiatives in Selected Asian Countries
Strong government leadership and extensive private sector participation pushed government computerization efforts in some Asian countries.
Computerization efforts in the public sector or some Asian countries were anchored on strong government leadership and action as well as intensive and extensive private sector participation. For example:
•
•
C.
Government Computerization Initiatives
Computerization in the Philippine government pre-dates similar efforts by our Asian neighbors, having started as early as 1969 with the so called “evangelization” on the fundamental uses of computers by then Executive Secretary Alejandro Melchor. On 12 June 1971, the National Computer Center (NCC) was established through Executive Order 322. The NCC assumed a pioneering role in the establishment of computerization capacities in the government. Its interventions were direct and total and included systems conceptualization, design and development, implementation, and manpower training. Its role has since expanded to being the government’s regulatory arm in the areas of ICT training certification and procurement and service provider to ICT resource management for the public sector.
Government computerization in the Philippines started early but proceeded slowly.
While the Philippine government was an early starter, its development speed was so slow it was overtaken by the faster government ICT development programs of other Asian nations.
Nevertheless, there has been tremendous effort to catch up. In 1994, government adopted the National Information Technology Plan 2000 or NITP2000 and created the National Information Technology Council as the central policy body on ICT matters in the country. The council was also tasked with coordinating the NITP2000’s implementation. For the first time, government developed a comprehensive plan and mapped out strategies for the development of the ICT industry as well as the development of ICT in the public sector. In February 1998, government launched IT21, which outlines the country’s action agenda for ICT for the 21st century. One of the plan’s goals is for government to harness the use of ICT in improving its overall capacity and efficiency and thus enable local and national governments to be strategic partners in development. The plan promotes best practice ICT in governance and encourages the outsourcing of government ICT projects to stimulate industry growth.
Government had to take big strides to make up for lost time in ICT development: adoption of NITP2000, launching of the ICT action agenda IT21, formulation of the Philippine Information Infrastructure, development of IT parks, and signing of the E-Commerce Law.
The government formulated the Philippine Information Infrastructure (PII), which will provide the telecommunications systems and facility services, value-added network and communications services, and information or content management and applications services. The setting up of the RPWEB through Administrative Order No. 332 provided the needed impetus for the realization of the PII. The RPWEB will serve as the country’s Intranet o achieve interconnectivity and greater efficiencies in electronic information and data interchange among government, academe, and the industry and business sectors.
A most significant development is the recent signing of the E-Commerce Law. The Law, which defines the Philippine government’s policies on electronic transactions and provides the legal framework for the country’s participation in e-commerce, opens vast opportunities for global trade and economic growth.
Three ICT parks offering competitive financial and tax incentives for ICT business are now being developed in three strategic sites: the Eastwood Cyber Park in Quezon City; the Northgate Cyber Zone in Alabang; and the Fort Bonifacio-Silicon Alley IT Park in Fort Bonifacio, Taguig. The first Software Development Park has been set up at the Subic Economic Zone, and the Ayala Group is planning to develop an ICT park in Cebu.
Figure 1.8 — Percentage of Total Microcomputers Installed in National Government Agencies by Processor Type
Information Systems Applications
Most national government offices have automated their clerical functions using word processing and spreadsheets. But while there are a number of transaction processing system in key government agencies, these systems have limited scope and functionality, are seldom integrated with related system in other government agencies, and in general, fail to provide timely and accurate decision-making support.
Actual ICT usage in government is still very limited and does not provide substantial inputs to decision-making functions.
Moreover, the actual level of ICT usage or the number of applications in use vary across agencies. There is also limited usage of administrative systems and even more limited usage of executive management systems.
Networking Facilities
Because data communications facilities hardly exist, “stand-alone” applications are the prevailing mode. A few operate on local area networks. There is minimal use of workgroup applications and decision-support systems, which generally add value to ICT application because they facilitate communication and information sharing, and could potentially improve the efficiency and efficacy of government agencies. There are no indications of mission-critical systems fully operating on enterprise-wide networks or linked with other information systems of other agencies. Sharing of database or communication network has not been vigorously explored or adopted.
Due to the lack of advanced data communications facilities, most ICT systems in government are not networked. This impedes information sharing and linkaging which could have greatly improved efficiency and effectiveness of government agencies.
Part of the problem could be the compartmentalized nature of Philippine government offices. Information sharing among government agencies is not encouraged, and ICT planning and procurement are done in isolation, thus preventing the setting up of needed integrated application systems that cut across different agencies.
As of 1999, there were only twelve 12 wide area networks [WANs] in various stages of development in the government. The DOF now has four of these networks; DOF, three. The DA, DOLE, DTI and NEDA have one each, and the last is found in the constitutional commissions. A total of 58 agencies are connected through these installations while others employ the Internet for data transfer and communications. Only 130 offices have local area networks [LANs].
Only a small percentage of existing government ICT facilities can meet future computing and communication requirements; hence, the need for massive upgrading and installation of servers and client machines.
Data communication facilities are unavailable in many locations. Even reliable voice communication services are nonexistent in some remote parts of the country. Some municipalities and barangays do not have reliable and continuous electric power yet. In many areas, Internet access can be obtained only by connecting to regional urban centers like Naga in Southern Luzon, Iloilo and Cebu in the Visayas, and Davao and Cagayan de Oro in Mindanao.
Support Infrastructure and Technological Knowhow
ICT expertise and knowhow are a vital component of the support infrastructure. Developing and maintaining computerized information and communication systems require a large pool of competent ICT professionals for systems beyond office productivity and clerical applications. But we are experiencing another brain drain in this field, as Filipino ICT professionals get attracted to the high-paying ICT jobs overseas. The situation is aggravated by the comparatively low salaries and limited career opportunities that government offers.
Brain drain depletes the country’s pool of competent ICT professionals.
ICT Standards in Government
At present, most government agencies are essentially left to themselves to establish or adopt available ICT industry standards. While most internationally recognized standards for hardware, software, and data communication protocols and equipment can be adopted readily or with certain modifications, the establishment of data and application standards is equally important. Having common data and application standards in government is essential for compatibility, for sharing databases, and minimizing redundancy and inaccuracies in common and/or integrated applications.
Common ICT standards must be adopted and enforced for all government organizations to ensure interoperability and compatibility.
The challenge, therefore, is to ensure interoperability and compatibility among the different information and communication systems of government. The immediate task is to formulate, disseminate and enforce a common set of ICT standards for all government organizations.
ICT Manpower in Government
The 1997 NCC survey on the level of computerization in government showed that only 1.5% or 4,120 of the total 282,888 employees in respondent agencies comprise the ICT manpower complement, and about half of these are data encoders and computer operators. The others are programmers, systems analysts, and managers/administrators.
Only a very small percentage of government personnel use or know how to use computer systems for analytical and management purposes.
But the bulk of government personnel do not use computers. Their number vary in proportion among the different departments. Ironically, some departments with extensive public goods production and delivery services have very small proportions of their people using computers, such as DOH (30%), DENR (20%), DOLE (29%), and DSWD (6%).
These data indicate the need for massive training and change management in government agencies to retool the existing manpower tool being tapped for ICT functions. Since the current remuneration package for government personnel is relatively low compared to the prevailing market rates, agencies find its difficult to recruit and maintain a qualified ICT personnel.
It is also imperative that agency heads be educated on ICT to raise their appreciation level of the importance of ICT in improving complied processes and for policy formulation and administration.
The variety in the size and nature of the ICT staff in different government organizations (e.g., some are bureaus, some are divisions, while others do not exist as formal structures) also partly accounts for the varying levels of computerization efforts in government.
Computerization in LGUs
The 1997 NCC survey showed that all of the 42 provinces and 32 cities that responded have at least one microcomputer. There are neither mid-range computers nor mainframes among these local government units (LGUs). The most common applications or information systems at the local level are the payroll system and civil registration systems. Seventeen provinces and 22 cities are connected to the Internet. Computers and information systems at the local level are basically used to automate some clerical tasks and to computerize the data they collect from its clientele. Databases are not yet used to generate critical inputs for policy and planning processes at these levels.
The extent of computerization in LGUs goes only as far as the use of microcomputers, and mostly for clerical tasks.
Only about 6% of the total 81,678 government personnel in the surveyed local government units use computers, and even a smaller proportion (2.3%) had training on information technology. Less than 1% or only 259 employees comprise the ICT personnel at the local level.
Government Investments in ICT
Government spending in ICT is generally on the rise, although not fast enough. Annual current operating expenses for ICT projects or activities are estimated at P650 million. The 1999 budget provided P1.5 billion for ICT activities.
The government is now spending more and more for ICT, but the amount is still not enough for the magnitude of the ICT improvements required.
The government in the past six years has acquired more than P7 billion worth of ICT assets. The implementation of the various information systems plans of agencies endorsed by NCC will require funding of about P23 billion over the next six years.
The current level of investments is still very limited in relation to the magnitude of information technology required to improve government services and institutional efficiencies. These limited investments contributed to the widening information technology gap in the government.
D.
An entire range of government institutions influences the dynamics of ICT development in government. A clear, coherent and well-delineated institutional setup for ICT, therefore, is a prerequisite to sound ICT policy formulation and implementation.
Sound ICT policy formulation and implementation require a clear institutional setup for ICT.
There are a number of government agencies and bodies whose functions or activities relate to or affect ICT development and management in government.
These agencies include the National Information Technology Council (NITC); the Department of Science and Technology (DOST); the Department of Budget and Management (DBM); the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC); the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)-Board of Investments (BOI); the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA); the National Computer Center (NCC); the National Telecommunications Commission; the Commission on Audit (COA); the Civil Service Commission (CSC).
At the policy level, the National Information Technology Council (NITC) was established in 1994 by Executive Order 190 (amended by EO 469 in 1998, and EO 125 in 1999) as the overall policymaking and coordinating body for the development of ICT in the country.
There are a number of government agencies involved in ICT development and management. The overall policymaking and coordinating body is the National Information Technology Council.
The NITC has cabinet-level representation, and NITC decisions are brought directly to the highest levels of policy and decision-making in government, but problems continue to persist. These problems include the following:
1.
2.
3.
Other related issues are:
1.
2.
3.
Other policy gaps occur mainly because the scope of functions of oversight agencies has not been clearly defined and functional relationships have not been clearly delineated. Classifying ICT resources for funding and procurement, for example, should be resolved whether it is a NCC responsibility or part of the auditing functions of COA. Clearly such function is not within the purview of auditing.
The functions and relationships of the various agencies have not been clearly delineated, and this has caused some policy gaps. Some of the gaps have been addressed by EO 125, but certain challenges remain, such as the need to articulate the ICT vision in the public sector, the need to establish ICT priorities, and the need to formulate standards, benchmarks and guidelines for GISP implementation.
Some gaps have been addressed to a large extent by the issuance of EO 125, which clarified and strengthened the NITC and NCC and delineated their respective functions. The effectiveness of these new arrangements in addressing existing weaknesses and gaps in policies, particularly those concerned with public sector ICT development, remains to be seen. Institutional and policy issues pose major challenges for further reform, as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
a.
b.
5.
E.
The telecommunications and network infrastructure—consisting of basic telephone lines and networking equipment like servers, routers, hubs, modems and computers—must be available, accessible, affordable, reliable, and of good quality. The presence of these features is crucial to the implementation of an electronic governance (and electronic commerce) strategy.
Government must create a policy environment that will ensure a level-playing field, clear and transparent rules, public-private collaboration, and enough ICT institutional autonomy.
For government, business and industry, as well as for the public, telecommunications are essential to the rapid growth of ICT. Hence, government must provide the necessary policy environment that will ensure the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
F.
The key issues related to the financing of ICT projects in government are:
Financing needs must be addressed — to formulate a clear budget policy and framework, to sustain resource allocation, and to generate and mobilize ODA and other resources for ICT.
1.
2.
3.
G.
The government is in the midst of an administrative reform program to enhance overall government efficiency and effectiveness, while ensuring wider and speedier public access to government information and services. Reforms are being pursued particularly in government procurement, financial management, manpower development and personnel welfare, organizational effectiveness, and service delivery.
Administrative reforms being undertaken by government hold important implications for ICT: GISP mechanisms should take into consideration government’s reorganization and decentralization measures, support its poverty alleviation program, and help empower LGUs for assuming their devolved functions.
The implications of these bold reforms for ICT in government are tremendous.
1.
2.
3.
3.1
3.2
The government poverty program should include an ICT-based feedback mechanism for the provision of timely and accurate information on the status and specific needs of urban and rural poor communities for the application of more responsive policy interventions.
4.
5.
The foregoing reforms provide inputs in the identification of the priority strategic information systems cutting across institutions and sectors, which will be a key feature of the public ICT framework plan.
H.
The absorptive capacity for electronic governance in the country has been growing over the past five to six years. This is expected to accelerate further with the passage of Republic Act 8792, or the Electronic Commerce Law, and as larger segments of the population gain wider access to ICT and telecommunications. At the same time, the adoption of a government ICT policy framework for a sustained and more coherent approach, as well as a positive change in the mindsets of policy and decision makers toward ICT use and investment, are expected to further accelerate public sector absorptive capacity for electronic governance.
Adoption of a government ICT development framework will speed up the expansion of the Philippines’ absorptive capacity for electronic governance.
Computerization efforts in government are generally characterized by a lack of an integrating framework and common platform. Moreover, computerization efforts are mainly limited to office automation and clerical operations, with very few executive decision support and mission-critical systems in place or being developed. For the most part, the latter systems are stand-alone and have very limited application within the agency, much less connectivity with other systems within the same organization or outside. A key challenge is the development of interagency networks that will allow seamless information exchange and resource sharing among agencies that have related functions and those that work for the same sectors.
Chapter 2
Vision and Development Framework
A.
Consistent with the national vision and objectives set forth in the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan or Angat Pinoy 2004, government shall harness the full potentials of information and communications technology (ICT) to ensure wider public access to information and the faster and more efficient delivery of government services to the public.
The goal is for every Filipino citizen and foreign investor anywhere in the world to have online access to government information and services.
Once the Philippine government goes online, Filipino citizens anywhere in the country and in other shores, as well as current and potential foreign investors anywhere in the world, will have electronic access to government information and services.
To realize this vision, the following shall be the specific goals to guide the implementation of the GISP:
Within five years after approval of the GISP, the government shall have put in place the enabling environment, the policies, and the appropriate institutional structures to allow the full and unhampered implementation of the GISP. Government agencies shall have engineered pertinent business processes and embarked on the automation of their frontline services and housekeeping systems. Given this enabling environment, the private sector shall have built up its capacity and put up the organization and investments required to respond adequately to the challenge of providing quality ICT services to the government.
Within the first decade of the 21st century, every Filipino, every organization, and every foreign investor and visitor, shall have online access to government information and services in their homes, in community or municipal centers, in foreign posts, in public libraries and kiosks, and in government offices.
Within the first decade of the 21st century, the application of information technology in government operations shall have improved governance with the following key indicators of success:
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B.
The GISP seeks to realize a system of governance that will lead to:
An electronic bureaucracy will link government institutions to the public and private sector institutions.
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These are in support of the broader national development goals as follows:
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These shall be realized through the establishment of an electronic bureaucracy that will link government institutions with one another, with the public, and with private sector institutions.
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Government shall harness ICT in developing solutions the directly address and support the country’s development goals.
1.1
Objective
Key objectives include more efficient operation of markets and improved management of social services.
To promote the efficient operation of markets, particularly in the following areas:
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1.2
Objective
To improve the management of social services, particularly in the following areas:
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1.3
Objective
To decentralize decision-making, production and delivery of public services, and enforcement of regulations across the country thereby allowing proximate, equal, and convenient access by citizens and organizations.
1.4
Objective
To promote sustainable use of the country’s natural resources, particularly in the following areas:
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1.5
Objective
To build on and support the implementation of the National Crime Information System (NCIS), focusing on systems that enhance government’s capacity to prevent crimes, track down criminals, monitor criminality, and administer justice.
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Objective
To improve agency capacity for administration, particularly in the following areas:
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2.
Government shall promote the design, development, and adoption of cost-effective technologies.
2.1
Objective
To establish the appropriate infrastructure, in particular the telecommunication networks, hardware and software, and information systems and procedures in accordance with the following electronic government principles:
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2.2
Objective
To adopt interconnectivity solutions, plans, strategies, and systems that will successfully interconnect the various government agencies with one another and with the public. To this end, the following shall be established:
Solutions, plans, strategies and systems will be interconnected to benefit the public.
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Objective
To identify pilot projects or strategic initiatives that will lead to the adoption and widespread use of electronic governance technologies and principles in government.
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To ensure the smooth and speedy implementation of all programs and projects, the appropriate enabling environment in the government, private sector, and ICT industry will be promoted and supported.
3.1
Objective
To put in place the necessary policies, standards, guidelines, rules and procedures that will speed up establishment of the necessary information systems to ensure their high quality.
To reengineer the organizational setup and clearly define the roles, functions, authorities, and accountabilities at oversight and agency levels in relation to the various aspects of implementation, and provide the needed resources.
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Objective
To promote the growth of the local ICT industry, improve its capacity to provide quality services in the development, implementation and maintenance of the various information systems networks to be put in place. This will be pursued through adoption of:
To develop the Philippine ICT industry, there is need to provide quality services through the information systems.
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C.
The government shall implement the GISP in three phases, as follows:
PHASE 1: Setting Up the Enabling Environment
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Phase 2: Building the GISP information infrastructure
In five years of GISP implementation, the needed information and communications technology should be in place.
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Adopt guidelines on hardware and software platforms in all participating government agencies to ensure compatibility, interoperability, and sharing of applications and to achieve savings through economies of scale.
Set up shared nationwide telecommunications infrastructure for use by all government agencies. A shared facility will not only reduce total cost to the government, but also allow smaller and/or less sophisticated agencies to benefit from networking and interconnection.
Accelerate implementation of the Philippine Information Infrastructure (PII) and RPWEB and promote e-commerce and Internet technologies to improve public access to government and make government transactions easier, more convenient and more transparent.
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Identify, design, and establish crucial databases and data warehouses to improve the following; enforcement of regulations; provision of vital information on markets, opportunities, sourcing of raw materials and production inputs, and assistance; managerial decision-making; and policy formulation and assessment.
Establish priority strategies for GISP project implementation in accordance with resource availability and learning capacities of implementing agencies and their publics.
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Review and reengineer business processes to do away with redundancies, duplication, and red tape and to prepare them for automation.
Review and reengineer housekeeping processes and establish common functional and workflow standards across the bureaucracy.
Clearly define the functional specifications of the various building blocks comprising the information systems network.
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Program the installation of the various applications in accordance with the learning and absorptive capacities of the participating government agencies, like transaction processing applications in the first phase, executive decision support systems in the second, and expert systems in the third.
Phase 3: Sustaining the GISP
To sustain the GISP, responsibilities have to be defined, and mechanisms for continuing development established.
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Chapter 3
Strategies and Solutions
This two-part chapter presents the detailed GISP strategies and solutions towards the realization of Philippine Government Online. Part 1, Government Information Systems, describes the methodology used in the identification of the various information systems, the criteria used in the identification process, the presentation format, and the identified information systems. Part 2, Strategies and Technology Solutions, consists of the identified information systems gaps in government and their corresponding technology solutions, and the indicative system configuration of the technology solutions.
Discussed in detail in this chapter are the interrelationships of various groups of information systems, major databases, technology solutions, online services, and users that are covered under the GISP.
The group on Information Systems and Major Databases consists of the Public Sector, Sectoral, and LGU Mission-Critical Information Systems. These systems comprise the individual information systems of oversight and line agencies whose data requirements and processing requisites cut across various other government agencies. Users and operators of information systems are found all over the country.
Users and operators of information systems and major databases are found all over the country.
The group on Technology Solutions is composed of the various infrastructure technologies that the GISP shall employ. Among these are data warehousing technologies that will be used to store and manage the government’s data on human resources, finance, trade, tourism and industry, health, and other very large government databases culled from various distributed databases housed in individual agency data sources. Also included in this group are electronic document technologies for managing data on human resources, government records and archives, and other document-related activities of the government; and spatial technologies for statistical information, agriculture and agrarian reform data, and public order and safety.
The group on Public Services Information System represents the single access window government portal for both government users and the general public. It provides government users with secured Internet connection via Virtual Private Networks (VPN) to access transactional systems and data dedicated for government use by the Office of the President, staff personnel of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government, including local government units (LGUs). The general public uses the public Internet connection to access data for public dissemination, and to engage in electronic transactions such as issuances of permits, licenses, registrations, and other regulatory requirements of the government from the public.
“Philippine Government Online” as a strategy and development framework for electronic governance is depicted in the diagram below.
Part 1.
Information systems comprise the “building blocks” of the GISP. The identification of these systems requires that programs and projects developed under this plan are high-leverage ICT developments that will generate optimal socioeconomic impact for the least amount of resource inputs. The integration of agency information systems that will seamlessly cut across departmental boundaries to comprise a sectoral information system will highly benefit the industry and private sector enterprises. Moreover, such an integrated system will provide the common man with transparent access to information culled from various government agencies.
Information systems serve as the building blocks of the GISP or ‘Philippine Government Online.’
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Government information systems for priority development and deployment during the plan period shall comprise the building blocks of Philippine Government Online. These information systems are classified into four general categories, as follows:
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2.0
The systems will allow the integration and networking of information and databases across agencies and thus facilitate information and resource sharing, and enhance coordination of related government oversight functions for planning and decision-making.
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The specific mission-critical LGU information systems for LGUs that are identified for priority development will include LGU Business Licensing, LGU Real Estate Tax Mapping and Revenue Collection, and Financial Management.
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To guide information systems development activities over the plan period, the systems content structure will consist of the following elements:
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Following are the priority information systems proposed for development in accordance with the schedules presented in Chapter 5, Implementation and Financing Strategy.
(Note: For a more detailed discussion of each of the proposed priority systems, as well as system, technical and functional architecture of each, please refer to the Technical Annex of this Plan.)
1.0
1.1
The public Services Information System (PSIS) provides a one-stop access window and user-friendly guide to the range of government services, information, and regulation useful to the general public and specific organizations and interest groups. The system integrates under a one-access facility all frontline services and regulatory activities of government agencies, government-owned and/or controlled corporations, local government units, and private banks and institutions offering public services and information.
These include Customs and Internal Revenue Services, Civil Registration and Census Enumeration, Vehicle Registration and Drivers Licensing, Professional Regulation and Licensure, Passports and Visa Processing and Authorization, Land Registration and Titling, Business Permits and Registration, and Voters Registration. To integrate all of these frontline services and make them accessible to the public, public kiosks and community telecenters will be set up in central public places, community centers, schools, and municipal halls, with private-sector support. A Philippine government portal, to serve as a one-stop Internet gateway for government, will be developed, incorporating all the features of an information kiosk on the Internet.
To be developed is a Philippine government portal which will function like an information kiosk in the Internet.
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One of the most important elements in crime management and prevention is the availability of data that will form the basis for intelligence work, gathering of evidence, covert and overt operations, and at a higher level, the development of better crime management and crime prevention policies, programs, strategies, and techniques.
The Justice, Public Order and Safety Database and Information System is a system that supports and enhances the existing Crime Information System. It provides electronic linkages from six agencies to 23 different agencies of government involved directly or indirectly with matters related to criminality.
The fundamental component of the system is the module found in the police station, which records complaints, arrests, searches, and intelligence work. The system likewise includes a networked facility for logistics management within the entire police organization, thus providing information on supplies, equipment, accountabilities, maintenance and status, acquisitions and organizational distribution, and other related data that will improve resource management and utilization.
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The Office of the President Executive Information System (OPEIS) provides the President, the Executive Secretary, the head of the Presidential Management Staff with a multimedia information support facility that facilitates top-level executive management, reporting, and monitoring system for the entire bureaucracy.
With teleconferencing, the President can hold virtual meetings not just with Cabinet members but also with agency heads at the provincial level.
The teleconferencing facility allows the President to conduct virtual meetings with Cabinet members and agency heads down to the provincial level. The facility also accommodates teleconferencing requirements within and among agencies, thus lessening travels to and from Manila, and speeding up the exchange of information and decision-making.
The Cabinet reporting system provides departments and agencies with the facility to report to the President, and ad-hoc communications with the President or the Executive Secretary can be electronically transmitted.
The President’s Web site will contain information on the activities, accomplishments and messages of the President, among others.
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The Government Procurement System (EPS), which has been initiated by the Department of Budget and Management, is an Internet-based electronic procurement system to rationalize and speed up the procurement process in government. It specifically aims to: (1) improve efficiencies in the procurement system of the government; (2) promote speedy procurement of quality and properly valued equipment and commodities; (3) ensure the integrity of the public-sector procurement process; and (4) widen information and choice on products and prices available to government agencies.
The system features, among others, a supplier and product selection and accreditation; product publication; electronic ordering; negotiation for bulk purchases; centralized/decentralized procurement; monitoring and auditing; and, industry development and research.
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The system builds on and enhances the existing Government Manpower Information System (GMIS) of the DBM, and related systems at the CSC and GSIS. It provides electronic control of agency plantilla of personnel updated to the budget year authorized positions.
The CSC electronic copy of the plantilla enables counter-checks against the same form accomplished by agencies filled up with incumbents, and the GSIS electronic copy of the same plantilla is useful in updating membership data.
The basic component of the entire system is the agency human resource management information module, which contains all personnel records and transactions. Data from the agency modules can be accessed by DBM and CSC and consolidated into macro statistics useful in policy formulation and analysis, personal services budget formulation and evaluation, and other oversight decision-making activities.
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The system provides an agency module that maintains a record of each physical asset from its acquisition to its maintenance, rehabilitation, and disposal. Infrastructure agencies responsible for the construction and maintenance of key government infrastructure facilities will operate separate information systems with functional features that will enable them to develop inventories and track maintenance and expenditures; and, at the oversight level, the DBM will maintain a comprehensive physical assets database with information on budgets, expenditures, revenues, inventories, maintenance and utilization, deployment and distribution, etc., coming from the agency modules. The database allows government policymakers to generate physical assets statistics useful in making budgetary and physical assets management policies, rules, regulations, and strategies, plan investments, acquisitions, utilization and deployment, maintenance, and disposal of physical assets.
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With the database and information system in place, it is possible to analyze the entire government financial system.
The system provides a standardized agency financial management information system to be installed in individual departments and agencies; synchronizes cash management among the Bureau of Treasury, Department of Budget and Management, and accredited banks; allows strong monitoring and control of agency cash flows, cash balances in the banks, government cash program and government cash levels in the Treasury; enables agencies to track and monitor budgetary status, performance and year-end results, including complete information on budget balances and accounts payables; facilitates synchronization of planning, investment programming, budgeting, and performance assessment; provides for migration and deeper application into accrual accounting where assets and liabilities are woven into the entire financial management process and in the accounting processes; and consolidates LGU financial data into the national government financial data, thus making possible analysis of the entire government financial system.
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The Statistical Database and Information System has the following overall functional features: statistical databases in departments and agencies with statistical functions as well as agencies whose transaction operations or regulatory functions result in the generation of statistics; centralized point of contact with respect to public acquisition of statistics, through the NSO statistical Web site that is connected to the Public Information Services System. This will allow public access to statistics and provide guidance on the acquisition of more comp statistical information. It will also provide linkage with the Land Use and Environment Management Information System providing geographical information on various statistical data as may be required by the users.
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The system features a government records management Web site that will provide directories of government legal and legislative issuances, documents, and other records of public significance and use, guide on the location and accessing of records from various government agencies, and publication of recent legal and legislative issuances, notices and other vital public information. The Records Management and Archives Office (RMAO) will be the key point of access for all government records and will operate the web site; and the National Library will be electronically linked with other public libraries for exchange of library information and for providing public information on a wider range of library resources. Departments and agencies will link their respective records management system and provide a computer-aided system of archiving, library maintenance, and public access.
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The sectoral information system will make participating government agencies more efficient in enforcing regulations and providing frontline services in agriculture and agrarian reform.
The Agriculture and Agrarian Reform Database and Information System will generate, consolidate and analyze massive amounts of data, from 24 participating government entities covering 35 business processes. This will lead to better sector analysis, better informed policy and program formulation and implementation assessment, and more focused identification of projects and services. It will also allow easy and proximate public access to information on agriculture, trade and business opportunities, technologies, markets and market linkages, sources of inputs, as well as services provided by government agencies, banks, and private-sector organizations on agriculture and agrarian reform.
The system will facilitate electronic submission of pertinent applications for permits, licenses or certifications for applicable regulatory activities. It will thus make participating agencies more efficient, particularly in the enforcement of regulations and provision of frontline services, through computer-aided retrieval and processing of information.
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Studies are now being conducted to decentralize basic education and improve capacities for program and resource management at the school level. This will enable DECS to more effectively oversee and assess the performance of the various institutions, and strengthen government’s capacity to supervise and effectively enforce regulation and standards over higher education institutions.
The Education and Manpower Development Database and Information System will support these thrusts through the networking of the databases of public and private academic, research and cultural institutions. This will allow oversight agencies like DECS and CHED to collect and process massive and comprehensive data useful in improving education policy, plans, programs, supervision and monitoring process; provide for an automated school management systems within each public school to strengthen the monitoring facility of the DECS; and allow electronic processing of the issuance of accreditation and permits.
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An enormous amount of data will be generated and processed, and the end result will be an improved program and better policies in trade, industry and tourism.
The system will generate, share and process massive amounts and various categories of data into analytical information useful in strategic industry planning, monitoring and analysis, policy formulation, and assessment. It allows the key departments, DTI and DOT, to access several related information from related agencies that will improve appreciation and analysis of industry in a way that promotes better, more focused, and more strategic program development and policy formulation.
The system will facilitate electronic transaction processing of certain public services, such as: generation by the public of industry statistics and industry research data; access to information and guidelines on technical assistance, rules, regulations and procedures; and electronic submission of applications for certifications/registrations. Such transaction processing supported by major databases allows individuals to submit applications anywhere in the country. Online query and guide are among the key features of this electronic frontline service facility.
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The functions of other sectors are considerably improved with the proper use of quality geographical information. For example, health planning can be more focused and monitoring can be more effective if adequate geographical statistics, profiling and analyses of disease prevalence, malnutrition incidence, and morbidity/mortality can be linked with relevant geographical information, for example on population and income, and environment. Criminality can be better understood if geographical information on historical trends of specific crime incidence can be linked with economic and social demography which may give correlation useful in crime management and prevention.
This Land and Environment Database and Information System will lead to better planning, implementation management, monitoring, and assessment of mission-critical sectoral programs and projects through sharing of geographical information.
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Hospital management will be computer-aided to facilitate operation transactions and other related data useful in health policy formulation, planning and assessment.
The DOH is also concerned with attaining better efficiency and effectiveness in enforcing health regulations. With limited manpower and geographical presence in relation to the extensive nationwide prevalence of health institutions, people, and services, the task of regulating should be supported by proper technologies that will store and update background information, easily retrieve it, assist transaction evaluation and processing, and improve supervision and monitoring.
The system will provide computer-aided hospital management operations that will facilitate recording of various hospital operation transactions and other related data; connect to the DOH for reporting purposes to provide a central repository of health data and statistics useful in health policy formulation, and program planning and assessment.
The system allows DOH to establish linkages with the DOST, academic institutions, and private health institutions here and abroad to share health research data and to establish tele-medical information services among local and international medical institutions.
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The system connects the databases of 36 government departments, various local government units and several private sector and agencies to support 46 government business processes. This sharing facility allows extensive analysis of the social welfare sector in its many dimensions. The system allows more focused targeting and configuration of various housing programs by linking population and housing statistics, poverty, demography, and local housing and income statistics.
The system provides several major databases at the DSWD for the entire welfare sector and for its social welfare operations; at the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, which will be the main repository of housing information; and at the Department of Labor and Employment for labor and employment information. The DSWD and DOLE may access the social security statistics of GSIS, SSS, and private-sector institutions to formulate social security policy.
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The information systems will facilitate data storage and retrieval, consolidate and analyze business-licensing activities of LGUs, and measure local economic activity.
The system provides a stand-alone computer facility to local government units whose revenue management systems are not yet automated. The system provides for data storage and retrieval facility to keep track of taxpaying individuals and establishments, computer-aided evaluation of tax return computations, and amounts to be paid. The system is capable of storing historical data of establishments and payments history, allowing monitoring of taxpayer behavior and thus supporting intelligence and individual establishment monitoring work.
The system links with oversight modules in the DILG, DBM and DOF for purposes of consolidating and analyzing macro-level information on the revenue performance of LGUs.
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The system provides a stand-alone facility for LGUs that do not yet have computerized business regulation system. The system provides for a database retrieval and decision support facility for evaluating applications for business permits and for recording approvals, disapprovals, suspensions or extensions. It also stores data on establishment records, thus facilitating information retrieval useful in the evaluation process.
The system links with oversight modules in DILG, DBM, and DOF for purposes of consolidating and analyzing at macro levels the overall business-licensing activities of LGUs, covering receipts, business establishment statistics, measuring local economic activity and other related statistics useful in policy formulation planning.
Part 2.
A two-step approach was employed to identify the technologies that became the basis of the GISP Technology Strategies. First, the identified IS gaps were analyzed to determine which of the technologies studied in Annex C offer solutions that address most of the gaps. Next, a second group of technologies was identified which provides the most opportunities to improve the current state of transaction and information processing in government.
Information Systems Gaps and Corresponding Solutions
The analysis of identified IS gaps versus technologies is summarized in the following table.
The table identifies four technologies that offer the most solutions to the identified gaps. Depicted in columns with the most number of dots, these are Internet technologies, which address 15 gaps, Data Warehousing and Distributed Databases, each addressing 10 gaps, and Virtual Private Networks, with the ability to offer solutions for seven gaps. Brief discussions of how these four technologies help solve the identified gaps follow, but more comprehensive definitions, possible applications, considerations and prognoses of these and other scanned technologies may be found in Annex C.
Four technologies — Internet-based, data warehousing, distributed databases, and VPN — will help solve identified information systems gaps.
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The use of Intranets in government, as a further example, will address the proliferation of stand-alone applications and PCs by providing access to central resources. Existing PCs can be used as client stations running nothing more than browsers, thereby postponing their upgrading or replacement.
The pervasiveness of the Internet can also be used to advantage by government in linking regional offices, provincial offices, and LGUs to NCR-based systems, thereby providing these remote offices with similar functionality as the central offices, and possibly reducing the time it would take to collect and disseminate information. The Internet can provide a continuing and inexpensive means for government agencies to disseminate and share information among themselves and with the public. Moreover, VOIP and videoconferencing technologies make it possible to use the links for more than just data, allowing possible reductions in travel expenses and time spent away from work.
Finally, used in conjunction with online learning technology, the Internet offers an opportunity to address the massive training needs of government, including the need to educate key decision-makers through its ability to deliver on-demand asynchronous training modules nationwide.
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When installed, the data warehouse servers will provide the capability to store and process voluminous integrated and historical data, something currently missing in the government’s ICT resources. Through the Internet, these data warehouses may be made available not just to government central offices, but to field offices, LGUs and even the general public.
Finally, the very nature, cost and implementation requirements of data warehouses will force the issue of information sharing within government and hopefully reduce duplication of ICT efforts.
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The ability of distributed databases to allow data to be physically kept locally while providing logical integration is ideal for central office-field offices set up in most agencies, allowing data to be accessed wherever it is located. The support for local data entry, processing, and storage of information will also alleviate delays in transmitting data from the field. Distributed databases will facilitate sharing of information across departments and agencies, thereby reducing the need for duplication of data and applications.
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VPN will support field office to central office connections, links between agencies, and even public access. It will provide the infrastructure for addressing the issues of data sharing, stand-alone applications, and proliferation of stand-alone PCs. For example, even notebook PCs used in the field can access the agency’s Intranet and databases through a dial-up connection to a local Internet Service Provider.
Finally, because only a single connection to the Internet is required for each site, VPN will provide a single standard for wide area network communications and help reduce the duplications of network infrastructures in government.
Aside from these four technologies, five other technologies deserve further consideration, as they offer unique opportunities to improve government operations: Electronic Commerce, Electronic Document Management, Geographical Information Systems, Online Learning, and Wireless/Mobile Computing.
That’s not all. There are five other technologies that may go a long way in improving government operations: e-commerce, electronic document management, geographical information systems, online learning, and mobile computing.
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What is exciting is that these online techniques may improve the often lamented state of education and training in the country.
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With these technologies as underpinnings, the following technology strategies and solutions are adopted for GISP implementation.
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Given the importance of Internet-based technologies, it is important to, as soon as possible, achieve a “critical mass” of government agencies connected to and using the Internet. The Internet will serve as the means of communication and information dissemination in government, including:
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Since most government agencies will eventually be connected to the Internet because of the RPWeb initiative, VPN technology should be employed to quickly and effectively implement a nationwide network connecting all these agencies. This can be achieved simply by installing VPN access routers in all sites connected to the Internet, defining and implementing an encryption strategy, and upgrading leased line connections of agencies to their ISPs to meet increased data traffic.
With VPN technology, all or most government agencies can be connected through a nationwide network.
A two-level encryption strategy will be adopted where the first level supports the need of some agencies for a purely internal network and the second level allows a common VPN for agencies needing to share data with one another.
Dial-up users will be provided authentication portals with two connections to the Internet, a normal connection, and another employing encryption using a VPN router. The user accesses the portal via its public Web site, and once authenticated, is allowed to send and receive messages through the VPN link.
Since all connections are local (i.e., leased line to local ISP, local call to ISP) total communication costs will be substantially reduced. Furthermore, the connections can be made to carry more data through VOIP and videoconferencing over internal protocol technologies, thereby allowing increased communication and coordination between field and central offices.
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The Web-based strategy safeguards ICT investments from equipment obsolescence, lowers training costs, and reduces the need for mainframes and other centralized systems.
Given the growing pervasiveness of the Internet and the Web, Web-based applications will be the preferred mode in building software applications and work at Web-enabling the critical applications that already exist.
This strategy protects ICT investments against obsolescence and is based on standards. For example, existing PCs can continue to be used as client workstations by making them run browser software. Existing database servers need not necessarily be upgraded, but may be made to support more users through dedicated Web servers that handle so-called “middle layer” functions. The model inherently supports scalability of systems in that processing load can be readily and transparently distributed across multiple servers. Once implemented, servers and clients may be upgraded or replaced independently of each other, thereby allowing system replacement costs to be spread out over several years.
This approach also reduces training requirements for government because it provides a standard, easy-to-use, graphical user interface that is identical for local and remote users. Moreover, the Web-based client-server model has built-in facilities for accessing data from multiple sources over a network, and can be readily used for e-commerce applications in government.
Finally, because the model is essentially a distributed processing system, government will be able to take advantage of the lower acquisition and operating costs of PCs and smaller computers by reducing the need for powerful centralized systems like mainframes. The government can then initially standardize on the following platforms:
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When all government agencies start to put up public Web sites, it will actually become harder for the public to look for information that they need, which may actually be on a Web site but cannot be located by users. For this reason, a single point of entry for users with links to all public government Web sites will be adopted. The site will also contain a search engine to allow users to quickly locate the sites that may contain the information requested.
This strategy will also be useful in enhancing security for government systems. If the Web site mirrors all public homepages, there will be no need to provide general public access to Web servers of the individual departments and agencies, thereby allowing these servers and their links to the Internet to be used exclusively for encrypted interagency and intra-agency data traffic.
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The use of distributed database and/or data warehouse technologies will be adopted.
Distributed database technology supports many different processing schemes applicable to government operations. This will allow integrated and more sophisticated systems in agencies with field offices to access local and remote database tables within an application. Logically linking fully distributed databases will enable sharing and integration of information across related agencies. Database mirroring, on the other hand, not only supports sharing of data between offices but also provides additional data security with a duplicate copy.
Data warehousing, with its ability to accept data from multiple sources for use in analytical processing without changing the existing operational database, can be used to integrate data from different departments without the risk of jeopardizing their existing computer systems and data. It is particularly useful when the agencies providing the data use different database management system platforms, and may, therefore, be unable to take full advantage of distributed database options.
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With most government offices already using PCs to produce documents, reports, and other records, the efficiency, cost, and reliability of storing and disseminating these records will be greatly improved through a document management system.
A document management system will greatly improve storage and dissemination of government records.
Instead of printing out multiple copies of these documents, having them published in the official gazette, and keeping them in archives where future access is nearly impossible, agencies are required to periodically submit electronic copies of all newly generated official documents to a central electronic repository. The repository will employ CD-R jukeboxes to securely store all the files and provide a facility where all government documents from a certain date forward can be accessed.
Not only will this result in lower costs over the long term (optical disk storage is cheaper than paper), it will also improve access to government records through automatic indexing, text-searching capability, and remote access through the Internet.
Some existing documents will merit conversion to electronic form through repurposing, and subsequently be made available at the repository. Certain key government offices (e.g., OP, Congress, CSC, PNP, DECS, CHED) will set up their own document management system due to their nature of work and volume of documents processed.
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To guard against hackers, unauthorized users, viruses, and other hazards of the trade, a security infrastructure will be created.
The connection of government systems to the Internet will expose them to hackers, unauthorized users, viruses and other risks. To address this concern, a security infrastructure will be put in place. A combination of technology, policies, legislated laws, and enforcement procedures will comprise this security infrastructure.
The use of tested security technologies and best security practices in implementing the GISP will be the overriding priority of the plan. Security beyond the standard firewalls will be adopted and deployed to protect systems with valuable data. The public web server must remain “outside” the agency’s firewall. Secure encryption techniques will be employed on all VPN links. Systems will be designed to reject “crackable” passwords, and strictly implement password aging. For e-commerce applications and government business transactions, authentication devices like smart cards, client membership procedures like membership enlistment, and enforcement mechanisms like user Certification Authority will be strictly implemented in combination with standard identification systems and procedures.
8.
Throughout the world, corporations and countries have decided to standardize as a strategy to reduce costs, improve quality, and ensure compatibility and interoperability of systems. Initially confined to manufacturing, strategic standardization has proved to be such a sound practice that many countries and international organizations have created offices solely for formulating and promoting standards. In addition to the popular International Standards Organization (ISO) and American National Standards Institute (ANSI), countries like Australia, Canada, Singapore and even Malaysia have either set up or are newly setting up standards bodies. The NCC will adopt, formulate, and monitor the application of standards throughout government.
In the Philippine government, the strict application of continuously updated ICT standards will help in the successful implementation of ICT projects by simplifying the specification and procurement process, reducing costs through economies of scale, minimizing obsolescence, and ensuring the interoperability of systems. Standards can apply not just to hardware, software, and networks, but to data, procedures, security mechanisms, and systems administration as well.
The Philippines will adopt the following internationally accepted standards to speed up the process of standardization in the country:
•
•
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•
•
•
•
•
•
In addition, the following international standards will also be adopted, without prejudice to the possibility of local adaptation:
•
•
•
•
•
Finally, the government will adopt as its standard de facto industry standards and practices such as the use of Windows-based PCs as workstations and Unix based servers. Other de facto standards include:
•
•
•
•
•
9.
The use of packaged application software will be encouraged, particularly those systems that pertain to accounting, finance and human resources. Better progress on ICT utilization can be achieved by using packaged applications. Among the common information systems identified in the GISP susceptible to packaged application software are those of the LGU-based systems, the OP-EIS, the Integrated Records Management Systems, and the transactional components of the Human Resource, Physical Assets, and Integrated Financial Management Systems.
10.
The private sector will be tapped in implementing and operating GISP-identified information systems.
Government will never have sufficient manpower, both in terms of quantity and quality, to implement and operate all GISP-identified information systems. Outsourcing will be encouraged to efficiently and effectively implement the GISP, such as contract programming, turnkey development, BOO, BOT, and other similar outsourcing schemes.
Outsourcing as a government strategy is consistent with the recommendations of IT21 and actually benefits government in two ways. Not only will government be able to implement its systems, but it will also stimulate the local ICT service industry which will hopefully gain enough expertise and experience to become globally competitive.
Indicative System Configurations
The matrix on the next page identifies information systems and the appropriate technology solutions.
For purposes of simplifying cost estimation, all servers were assumed to be one of three types: large, medium or small.
Large servers are intended to house the consolidated databases and data warehouses (300 gigabytes to terabyte range) and support hundreds of simultaneous users.
Medium servers can support up to 100 gigabytes of data and 50 simultaneous users if used as database servers. Reconfigured to have less disk storage but more processors and higher memory, the same equipment can support hundreds of users as a heavy-duty Web server.
Small servers are meant for data-processing applications involving up to 20 simultaneous users and 20 gigabytes of data. These servers can also be used as medium-size Web servers.
LAN-based systems are built around Windows NT-based departmental servers with 128 MB memory and 12 GB of disk storage. In addition to being used as LAN servers, the same equipment will serve as small Web servers or as firewalls.
PCs are based on the Microsoft Windows platform and would ideally have a LAN card or an internal modem to allow connection to the government Virtual Private Network.
To implement the envisioned government VPN over the Internet, VPN Access Routers will have to be procured. These routers must have hardware-based encryption capability not only to achieve better performance, but also to lower the risk of unauthorized key distribution. The access router will have two serial ports — one for a possible leased line connection to the ISP, and a second port with auto-dialup capability to serve as a backup, or to enable connection to the ISP in case only dial-up access is available.
Detailed indicative specifications of database servers, departmental servers, PCs and VPN Access Routers are found in Annex C.
Table 3.1 — Information Systems Hardware Requirements
Chapter 4
Institutional and Policy Framework
For GISP to succeed, appropriate institutional arrangements and policies have to be adopted.
A key factor to ensure the successful implementation of the Government Information Systems Plan (GISP) is the adoption of appropriate institutional arrangements that clearly define the roles, functions, and responsibilities, as well as relationships of various stakeholders. There shall also be the need to adopt corresponding policies that will guide the operation of government institutions and the activities of the private sector in the implementation of the GISP. For this purpose, the following institutional arrangements and policies shall be adopted:
A.
Policy advocacy and championship of the GISP shall be carried out at the highest levels, with the President and the members of the Cabinet, the leaders and members of both houses of Congress, the Judiciary, and the chief executives of the local government units (LGUs) as chief GISP advocates and champions.
B.
The institutional framework for the implementation of the GISP will be in accordance with the following fundamental criteria:
1.
2.
3.
Based on these criteria the following formal institutional arrangements, and definition of roles of the various agencies shall be adopted:
Overall Management of GISP Implementation
National Information Technology Council (NITC)
Crucial to the implementation of GISP is the role of the NITC, which has varied functions.
The NITC will be the central policymaking and coordinating body for the implementation of the GISP. In particular, the NITC shall perform the following functions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
National Computer Center (NCC)
Pursuant to Executive Order No. 125, dated July 19, 1999, the NCC will be the technical arm of the NITC in the overall management and coordination of the GISP. It will report to the NITC chairman who shall exercise policy and technical supervision over its operations. The NCC will have the following functions relative to the implementation of the GISP.
1.
2.
3.
The host of activities include coordinating, reviewing, monitoring, and organizing sectoral and industry desks.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Roles and Functions of other Agencies Performing GISP Oversight and Related Functions
1.
The agencies have their functions clearly delineated. NEDA will encourage private sector investment in GISP.
The DOST will manage an ICT Innovation and Development Fund to be created as part of the General Appropriations Act to fund R&D projects for information systems application and standards development, as well as innovation in support of government operations. Both the private sector and the government agencies can avail of these funds, the guidelines for which will be issued by the DOST in coordination with the NITC, DBM, NEDA and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).
2.
The DBM will develop and adopt a solutions-based procurement and budgeting system for information and communications technology. It will likewise institute a modernization of the staffing, position classification and compensation system for information technology human resources in the government.
3.
The NEDA will promote private sector investment in the implementation of the GISP. In particular, it will review and undertake the improvement of the build-operate-transfer (BOT) law and related laws governing private sector participation and investment in government ICT projects with a view to provide incentives and facilitate the processing of such investments.
The NEDA will likewise ensure that the implementation of the GISP supports the priorities, goals and objectives of Angat Pinoy 2004 or the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan.
4.
The DTI, as lead agency in the promotion and coordination of electronic commerce activities in the Philippines, pursuant to Republic Act No. 8792, otherwise known as the “Electronic Act of 2000”, shall be responsible coordinating and negotiating with foreign governments and intergovernmental organizations on all matters related to e-commerce and ICT. It will further ensure, in consultation with the NITC, that the Philippines is represented in the development of international standards and recommendations affecting ICT.
The DTI shall further consult with the NITC on key policy issues and Philippine Government positions on ICT-related matters taken up in international fora.
5.
The DOTC will: (a) monitor developments in convergent technologies and advise the NITC on the effective application of these technologies in the implementation of the GISP; (b) assist the NITC establish appropriate telecommunications networking technologies and facilities for government and its various agencies for seamless information exchange and resource sharing across government, as well as ensure wider public access to government services; and (c) recommend to the NITC, the Cabinet, and to Congress policies or needed legislation to fast-track electronic commerce and electronic governance through an efficient and cost-effective telecommunications network in the country.
Government Departments, Agencies, LGUs, Instrumentalities, and the Private Sector as Active Partners in the Implementation of the GISP
All government departments, agencies, local government units, and other institutions and instrumentalities, including the local government units (LGUs), as well as the private sector, will be active partners in implementing the GISP.
1.
The heads of departments and agencies, as well as local governments, will ensure that the their Information Systems Strategic Plans (ISSPs) are aligned with the strategies and priorities in the GISP, and the overall development plans and programs of government as provided in IT21 and Angat Pinoy 2004. In the design of the agency or LGU ISSP, the heads concerned will put in place a process for the optimal utilization of existing and planned ICT resources and solutions. This process will include a periodic monitoring and assessment, through the NITC and the NCC of ongoing ICT projects and activities pursuant to the priorities, strategies and objectives of the GISP.
2.
The department/agency/LGU head will establish goals for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of department operations and, when appropriate, the delivery of services to the public through the effective use of information and communications technology. He will:
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•
3.
The authority of the department/agency/LGU head to procure ICT resources will include the following:
•
•
The government, through the DBM Secretary, will enter into a multiagency contract for procurement of commercial items of ICT resources, including software and services, that requires each executive department/agency/LGU covered by the contract, when procuring such items, either to procure the items under that contract or to justify an alternative procurement scheme for the same type of items or services.
Procurement of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Resources and Professional Services
The DBM, in close consultation with the NITC, the NEDA, Commission on Audit (COA), the implementing agencies, and local governments, will undertake a continuing review of procedures on the procurement of ICT resources, including professional services, with the view of instituting reforms in procedures and policies, taking into account the fast-paced developments in the ICT sector and the quick obsolescence of technology and ICT resources. The reforms will aim to facilitate the economical and efficient acquisition of ICT resources and services in government.
Medium-Term Public Investment Program
The GISP will form part of the Medium-Term Public Investment Program (MTPIP) of the government and will be aligned with the programs identified in the Plan. Specifically, a separate section will be devoted to government business process reengineering through use of ICT and better information resource management. A corresponding medium-term expenditure program will be prepared, which will be translated into the Consolidated Annual Government Computerization Expenditure Program. The NEDA will be responsible for ensuring that the updated “Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan of government, or Angat Pinoy 2004, shall incorporate the strategies and programs in the GISP.
The GISP will be part of Angat Pinoy 2004, the government’s blueprint for economic progress.
Use of the Annual Budget Process
The DBM will develop, as part of the annual budget process, a mechanism for analyzing, tracking, and evaluating the risks and results of all major capital investments made by an executive department for information systems. The process will cover the life of each system and shall include explicit criteria for analyzing the projected and actual costs, benefits, and risks associated with the investments. At the same time that the President submits the budget for a fiscal year to Congress, the DBM will submit to Congress a report on improvements achieved as a result of major capital investments made by executive departments in information systems and how the benefits relate to the accomplishment of the goals of the executive departments.
Information Technology Standards
The NITC will oversee the development and implementation by the NCC of standards and technology guidelines and benchmarks in the case and application of ICT in government. Such standards will be prepared jointly with the DOST-ASTI-PCASTRD, DOTC, DBM, NEDA, and DTI. These ICT standards will be observed in the procurement of ICT resources and services.
Designation Of Executive Agents For ICT Acquisitions
The DBM Secretary will designate as executive agents for government-wide acquisitions of information and information technology.
Use of Best Practices in ICT Acquisitions
The DBM Secretary will encourage heads of the executive departments to develop and use best practices in the acquisition of information technology.
Solutions-Based Budget Plans
Department ICT budgets will be solutions-based, to include all components (hardware, software, network, content/data, training/organization, application, procedures) and make an information system fully operational. Although components may be procured separately, the necessary components for an information system to be fully operational after a period of development should be budgeted together. The DBM Secretary, in consultation with the NITC, then issues guidelines on solutions-based ICT Solutions Planning and Budgeting.
Outsourcing of ICT Professional Services
As a general rule, government will outsource ICT services instead of building a whole human resource infrastructure for ICT development within the government. The NITC, in coordination with the NEDA and DBM, will issue rules and regulations and standards on the outsourcing of ICT services.
Leasing and Lease-to-Own Arrangements
Leasing and lease-to-own arrangements will be made an acceptable mode of procurement for information and communications technology. In some cases, this will be the preferred mode of acquisition so that agencies which need to upgrade servers and other computer equipment on the third or so years may do so when necessary without further authorization, provided they have been planned for. Leasing will also ease up the government’s cash flow requirements for GISP implementation.
BOT Scheme for Procurement/Outsourcing of ICT Resources/ICT Solutions/Services
Private sector participation in the establishment of government database infrastructure is incorporated in the BOT law. A separate handbook on implementing rules and regulations concerning this will be issued by NITC in coordination with NEDA.
Guidance for Multi-Agency Investments
The NITC in coordination with NEDA, DBM and DOF will issue guidelines for undertaking efficiently and effectively interagency and government-wide investments in ICT to improve the accomplishment of missions that are common to executive departments.
Periodic Reviews
The NITC and DBM will carry out, through the budget process, periodic reviews of selected information resources management activities of the executive agencies. This is in order to ascertain the efficiency and effectiveness of information technology in improving the performance of the executive departments and the accomplishment of the missions of the executive departments.
Enforcement of Accountability
The DBM Secretary, in consultation with NITC, may take any authorized action that is considered appropriate, including an action involving the budgetary process or appropriations, to enforce accountability of the head of an executive department for information resources management and for the investments made by the executive department in information technology.
Actions that can be taken by the DBM Secretary in the case of an executive department may include:
1.
2.
3.
Private Sector Participation
The participation of the private sector will be a key factor in the success of GISP.
The active and direct participation of the private sector in the implementation of the GISP will be a key strategy in GISP implementation. Among the areas for private sector participation are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The following policies and actions will be adopted to encourage private sector participation in the implementation of the GISP:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Intellectual Property Rights
The Government will comply with the International Convention of Intellectual Property Rights in the implementation of the GISP. This means that license agreements to use commercial on-the-shelf software (COSS) will be honored if the licensing agreements are standardized for worldwide distribution.
Likewise, locally produced application software where the agencies merely purchased license to use will not be required to provide source codes; however, suppliers must provide warranties on the software as well as software maintenance when required.
In the procurement of system development services, which are quoted at full development cost, the supplier will be required to provide all the source codes developed. However, the agency is encouraged to continue working with the supplier to improve the product for the agency’s use and if the product is also useful to other agencies, the two parties may enter into an agreement for the commercial dissemination of the product.
All intellectual property that is pre-identified by ICT suppliers during the negotiation or bidding for services will be honored by the agency if, in its opinion, there is no need to own the source code and if the price of the application software is reasonable.
Under GISP, all intellectual property pre-identified by ICT suppliers will be honored.
The NCC will continue to ensure that government agencies use only licensed copies of software in all their ICT applications. It will designate an executive agent to negotiate for the supply of standard software that could be used throughout the bureaucracy.
The Department of Trade and Industry will issue rules and regulations covering intellectual property rights in the implementation of the GISP.
Information Systems Project Development
1.
Some of the information systems identified in the GISP are comp systems in terms of development and implementation. There is a high degree of risk in completing the systems on time, on budget and in the quality desired. To reduce this risk, the incremental approach to system development and acquisition of technology will be standard practice in the implementation of the GISP. This means that agencies will divide large systems into modular and scalable parts, which can then be integrated into existing ones, and can likewise be integrated with modules to be developed in the future.
Information and communications technology will also be acquired through the incremental approach. This is to ensure that government will benefit from technological developments introduced in the marketplace and will not be saddled with obsolete technology.
The DBM will ensure that an ICT investment proposed by an agency is a complete system that can be made to work and improve a government business process within a period of 18 months from release of the budget. The practice of requesting funds for equipment outlay without a corresponding plan and budget for other components of an information system shall be discontinued.
2.
As a matter of policy and practice, the DBM shall provide funding for complete projects, which have gone through the project preparation and development process. The release of appropriations shall be to fund information systems, not only information technology. There will be rhyme and reason in the allocation of funds for information technology and this will be driven by content development and/or system development activities.
The DBM in coordination with NCC will develop a manual with templates on Standards for Information Systems Project Development. DBM as well as agency staff shall be provided training on the use of the manual.
3.
Risks for contracting parties, especially for comp systems, will be reduced.
Information technology is changing at a rapid pace and if the procurement process takes a long time, the IS project may be overtaken by events such that projects are further delayed by the need to repeat the procurement. The government will, to the extent possible, reduce risks for contracting parties, particularly for comp systems. As a matter of standard practice, an external consultant’s service will be procured to assist the agency in defining the specifications of the project in a clear way that will allow performance-based and results-based service contracting in the development and delivery of systems. Systems shall be designed not to exceed a maximum of 18 months and the award of contract should not exceed three months from issue of the bid documents. This is to reduce risks for the contracting parties.
4.
Departments will retain and develop a core staff of ICT professionals for in-house development. The in-house projects will be limited in scope so that it can be completed in one fiscal year. There is the very real risk of turnover of ICT staff, which is known to be a principal cause of delay and noncompletion of many in-house IS project development initiatives. Even for in-house development, staff will be trained to follow a project development approach that clearly defines the final outcome of the system development effort and includes a quality assurance plan. For in-house efforts, the head of the OIRM will ensure that all the elements needed for implementation are available as planned.
Selection and Hiring of ICT Experts and Consulting Services
Present government guidelines on the procurement of consulting services will be improved.
Many government ICT projects were not completed by contractors, some resulting in legal cases, because of the lack of clear specifications of performance, the quality requirements, and the rule on lowest complying bid. More often than not, lowest bidders complain when not awarded the contract because of allegations that they met the minimum requirements described in the Project Terms of Reference.
A continuing review of existing government guidelines on the procurement of consulting services will be made, especially with respect to their application to ICT services. In particular, the guidelines will be improved to include the following:
1.
2.
In the absence of an in-house capability, agencies will be encouraged to procure the services of qualified individuals and companies, duly accredited by the NCC, and approved by the NITC, using a simplified process not requiring bidding. The PEAC will be constituted to be able to assess quickly the capability of institutional consultants for ICT services. The NCC, in consultation with the agencies and departments concerned, particularly NEDA, DBM, and COA, will formulate a prequalification procedure and enrollment system for prequalified ICT consultants and their areas of expertise to simplify the search by agencies for qualified consultants.
Interoperability, Interconnectivity Among and Across Systems and Databases
Interoperability and interconnectivity can be accomplished by using open ICT standards and data standards that are published and known to users and the ICT professionals involved. It can also be accomplished through the development and adoption of ICT standards in government. The Internet is also a good means of accomplishing this through web browsers.
As a matter of policy, the executive agencies will ensure that within their organizations, they adopt technology that is open and can be interfaced with other systems.
The department shall use the internal budget process to control the acquisition of technology that does not conform with this policy. All ICT plans, whether implemented by contractors in foreign-assisted projects, grant or otherwise or regular agency funds should conform to the approved Information Technology Architecture designed to meet the business needs of the department. Grant projects involving ICT will be aligned with the approved Department ICT Architecture. Waivers will be requested for nonconforming projects, which should be approved only if the criteria for issuing waivers are based on DBM guidelines on the matter.
Data Standards
Data standards will be developed to facilitate data sharing and information exchange among agencies, and to promote efficiency of information systems, subject to privacy rights of individuals.
All departments will participate in Inter-Agency Working Groups to be created for GISP implementation, which will work on developing data and other standards for the GISP. The NCC, with recommendations from the CIO Forum and approval of NITC, will issue and enforce ICT Standards for the whole government.
The NCC will oversee the development and implementation of data standards and guidelines, by the various departments and agencies. For this purpose NCC will coordinate with the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB), and other data-producing agencies whose information products are widely used by government agencies and the public.
Every department will have its own internal data standards, to be approved by NITC and applied to all bureaus, attached agencies, and regional offices under its supervision and control. GOCCs will ensure that their systems also use OPEN Technology and they use relevant data standards of the department.
Public Access to Government Information
As a matter of policy, the government will make government information created or generated in the GISP accessible to the public to empower them to proactively participate in nation building, subject however to national security requirements where certain information and transactions cannot be made public.
As initial steps, basic information that provide public guidance and improve public access to government services and transactions will be made available through the Internet in two languages: English and Filipino. This will be part of the RPWEB Program of the Government in Year 2000. The NCC will be responsible for monitoring the implementation of this program.
Public requests for data that have been created in digital form and are not considered classified information shall be provided in digital form at cost of reproduction or reasonable fees. The proceeds of such operations shall be used for the maintenance and updating of databases.
Public access policies shall be covered under a proposed Freedom of Information Act clarifying the Constitutional policy on access to government information, particularly in an environment where information and data are in digital form and are accessible through the Internet.
A policy study shall be required on the pricing of information assets of the government when made to the public, particularly when ICT Projects are carried out under the BOT law.
Other Policy Areas for Further Study and Formulation
1.
There is a need to protect the system from hacking, and other illegal and destructive entries.
As the government becomes more and more dependent on ICT for most of its information processing and management requirements, it must develop the necessary institutions, policies, legal framework and other related security measures to secure its systems and networks from hacking and other illegal and destructive entry into the government systems. This will be ensured through legislation where the law shall have penal provisions governing illegal acts on government online sites.
The government will determine the feasibility of establishing physical and virtual security infrastructures for government computers and network systems. The NITC will undertake a study on the economics, as well as various options, of either establishing or authorizing a government institution, or a private firm or organization that will clearly establish the integrity, security and legitimacy of government electronic information and transactions.
2.
As more databases are built involving individuals who provide information to the government, and as data standards are adopted by the agencies that will enable the systematic sharing of information and matching of records of individuals, the government will address issues concerning the privacy of individuals as provided in the Constitution. Policies will be issued by Congress to guard privacy of persons through a Privacy Act.
3.
Electronic commerce laws will address the use of this technology in legal matters and work towards acceptance of electronic data as evidence in the courts. Likewise, e-commerce laws will resolve such issues as the use of electronic signature authentication systems and electronic documents to guide the judiciary in cases involving electronic transactions of government with the public. Legislation may also cover general nongovernmental transactions.
The E-Commerce Bill which provides the legal basis and policy framework for the conduct of electronic transactions in the country, has been passed by Congress, and recently signed into law by the President.
4.
ICT programs of government must go hand in hand with business process reengineering. The GISP supports business objectives and processes of government. Computerized Information Systems can result in the following:
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The implementation of the GISP will be synchronized with and in support of the Government reengineering program of government.
5.
The benefits from computerization and better management of the information resources of government have to be determined through periodic assessment of performance of agencies. As business processes are improved, these will be reported to the public and in Congress to keep the GISP implementation on track.
One of the key result areas of departments will be the implementation of an IRM Program in their respective organizations. The management of government information resources will be given the attention it deserves. Government information will be considered a national resource that must be managed. Heads of agencies will be made responsible for the management of their departmental information resources aligned with the management of funds, people, and equipment resources required to do their jobs.
The GISP will be consistent with and supportive of the current efforts in developing a performance monitoring and evaluation system in government.
6.
There is need for government agencies to develop, maintain and upgrade standards for products and services on information and communications technology including their innovations. The NITC will direct the conduct of a study on the desirability and feasibility of establishing a National Institute of Standards and Technology which will be responsible for the development of quality and technical standards on ICT products and services.
Implementing Guidelines, Rules and Regulations
The NITC shall promulgate guidelines, rules and regulations to implement the GISP.
Finally, the NITC, as the highest policy body on ICT matters, shall promulgate the necessary guidelines, rules and regulations to implement the GISP and realize the vision of an electronic bureaucracy, or “Philippine Government Online”. For this purpose, the NITC will enjoin the support and cooperation of Congress, the Judiciary, the Constitutional bodies/commissions, local government units, and government-owned and controlled corporations, and all other agencies and instrumentalities of government, to pave the way for the successful implementation of the GISP and the realization of its objectives. For this purpose, the NITC will work out with the agencies and authorities concerned, including the private sector, the necessary resources required, including manpower, to ensure the timely execution of priority GISP activities and projects.
Chapter 5
Implementation and Financing Strategy
Without funds, the GISP cannot be implemented. So the government must identify, source, and program these.
Success in implementing the GISP hinges on sound organization and programming of implementation activities and resources within an indicative time-frame. For the GISP to be implemented effectively, the government must also properly identify source and program the necessary funds. Very crucial here is the timing of the release of funds for the completion of critical activities.
The GISP will be implemented in accordance with the following implementation and financing strategy.
A.
Activities will be organized according to the following major phases:
Phase 1 — Setting Up the Environment, which involves putting in place the appropriate institutional and policy mechanisms, as well as the generation of private sector investments and approval of the medium-term budgetary commitments for the GISP.
Phase 2 — Building the GISP Infrastructure, which will entail the required government networking infrastructure, including the reengineering of the various business processes within the identified building blocks for “Philippine Government Online,” the building up of the priority databases, and the design, installation and operation of the various systems networks.
Phase 3 — Sustaining the GISP, which involves the stabilization of the systems that have been implemented, clearly defining the ownership and the continuing operational relationships of the various participants, and the installation of a system of indicators and benchmarks with which to evaluate and monitor the continuing performance of the entire GISP effort.
Table 5.1 — Implementation Schedule
C.
The scenarios are for a five-year period. With each year, gains are expected in training, technology and rollout of the information systems.
Based on the above implementation schedule, the expected achievement scenarios of the GISP are as follows:
End of Year 1 Scenarios
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Standardization of data formats and conversion into electronic file of the following major databases for the design and development of the Government Integrated Records Management Information System —
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•
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Institution/Organization
•
•
•
Technology
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
End of Year 2 Scenarios
Process
•
•
•
•
Institution/Organization
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Technology
•
•
•
•
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•
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•
End of Year 3 Scenarios
Process
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Technology
•
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•
•
•
•
•
•
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•
•
•
•
Years 4 and 5 Scenarios
Process
•
Public Sector
a.
b.
Sectoral
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
LGU Common Mission-Critical System
h.
i.
•
•
•
•
Technology
•
•
•
•
D.
One key guiding principle of any economic program is the judicious and
optimal use of public resources. This principle will apply as well in
the implementation of the GISP; hence, the need to identify appropriate
financing options and strategies for its implementation, given the
limited resources of government.
1.
Suitable alternatives will allow the public and private sectors to
finance GISP projects. Such financing options are important in view of
government’s limited resources.
The financing strategy provides financing alternatives that allow
public and private sector financing of GISP projects. In particular,
the financing strategy of GISP (1) fosters the appropriate perspective
or, viewpoint on ICT-related expenditures on policy makers, and (2)
provides a more rational way of considering funding options that are
not just driven by cost considerations or fund availability but based
on a firm grasp of how government services are envisioned to be
delivered.
Conceptual Framework for Viewing ICT Expenditures
The financing strategy for GISP essentially revolves around the concept
of spending for public goods and for private goods. In the past,
ICT-related budgets or expenses have been largely viewed as being no
different from spending on typewriters. Hence, funding for ICT has been
lumped with normal everyday considerations. Unfortunately, funding
decisions of this nature just pass through the simple question of
whether there is enough money to buy it this year or next.
The thrust of GISP’s financing strategy is to get the government’s
resource allocation managers to liken ICT spending to expenditures
based on welfare theory. GISP tries to get policymakers to understand
the basic difference between ICT projects that need to be funded by
government and those that can realistically be sourced from the private
sector.
“Public” ICT Goods
In this case, GISP defines public goods as those systems and projects
the scope of which cuts across several departments or agencies. These
systems or projects require extensive interface among several agencies
and require access, consolidation or validation of databases of other
agencies. Such a definition fits projects pertaining to the Sectoral
Information Systems Networks and the LGU Common Mission-Critical
Information Systems.
If one looks closely at the type of government services under this
definition, it will be seen that these are basically “public goods,” i.
e, “available for consumption by all members of a social group once it
is provided. If one individual purchases a unit of this good, there is
no feasible way to exclude nonpurchasers from enjoying the services
provided by this unit.”
Examples of public goods pertaining to the Sectoral Information Systems
Networks are health, social welfare, security and community services.
The above definition then makes a compelling argument for this type of
ICT-driven services to be funded by government (through appropriation).
Examples of ‘public’ ICT goods are health and social welfare services.
‘Private’ ICT goods include internal document tracking systems.
“Private” ICT Goods
In the same manner, private ICT goods are defined as systems or
projects that comprise the support functions of government as it does
its internal housekeeping in order to serve the public better. These
types of systems, which may or may not be networked, can usually run on
a stand-alone basis in one agency. Its database is mostly in-house
generated and mostly for in-house use also. Examples of these are
internal document tracking system and personal administration systems,
which are mainly under the category of the Public Sector Management
Information Systems.
Also falling under this category are projects under the Public Services
Information Systems. Note that there may be some overlap in definition
with respect to frontline business processes under the Sectoral
Information System Network and the Public Services Information Systems,
but this will be refined later when deciding on funding alternatives.
Again, considering that nonpurchasers can be excluded from the
provision of private ICT services and assuming that these types of
services can be provided more cheaply and readily by the private
sector, then there are sufficient incentives to ask the private sector
to come in.
Fine distinctions in the types of information systems will pave the way
for funding options.
In a way, the above contradiction between what are “public” and what
are “private” types of information systems defines the parameters where
private sector participation is encouraged under GISP. This dichotomy
is by no means exact or rigid — basically it will have to follow that
policymakers will define as core ICT government services or not. This
dichotomy will also be challenged later when we discuss the issues on
managing private sector partnerships in relation to ICT. What is
important to note is that these distinctions open up a lot of funding
options and free the present cash reserves of government for user in
other projects.
Guidelines for Establishing Financing Options for Information Systems
in the GISP
The choice of funding is further guided by the following:
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
2.
a.
Some service delivery functions are best done by the private sector.
b.
c.
Table 5.2 — Financing Alternatives for “Public” ICT Goods
Table 5.3 — Financing Alternatives for “Private” ICT Goods
2.
There are many ways to fund GISP projects: as a budget percentage,
through a share in ODA funds, via the budget call, and by self-funding
among GOCCs and LGUs.
The following government funding for GISP projects will be adopted:
a.
An amount equivalent to 1.0% of the annual national budget over the
medium-term will be allocated to the funding of priority GISP projects
to be bankrolled by the government.
This amount may be provided for, allocated among and/or sourced from
the General Appropriations Act through the following:
a.1
a.2
a.3
b.
Lobbying with donor or lending governments will be pursued to benefit
ICT. Loans or grants emanating from Official Development Assistance
(ODA) can be structured to provide for at least a 10% investment in
ICT. This means that based on the programmed P25.6 Billion ODA
disbursement in year 2000, an additional P2.56 Billion can be tapped
for ICT.
c.
In the Budget Call, greater emphasis will be given to ICT projects. For
example, the DBCC may state that it is prepared to consider department
ICT budgets up to 2% of total agency budget proposals. Or the DBCC may
say that projects falling under Phase I of the GISP will be
automatically funded.
d.
GISP projects of GOCCs and LGUs will be funded from their own financial
resources. Funding from the national budget will consider the public
nature of the services being automated, the importance of such services
nationwide, and the funding limitations of the proponent agencies.
Estimate of How Much Can Be Made Available from the Year 2000 General
Appropriations Act
Overall, based on the national budget for 2000, an estimate of what can
be potentially made available for ICT for the current year alone is as
follows:
FROM:
1.0% of the National Budget
Use of 1/10%, assuming Reserves = 1%
1% of yearly realignments
estimated at 20%/year
10% of programmed ODA
Total
The above estimate does not include those coming from a percentage of a
department’s income from computerized public services, as may be
authorized under the Special Provisions of the GAA. Also, the estimate
does not yet include possible private sector counterpart investments as
a result of government’s expenditures on ICT.
3.
Table 5.4 provides the indicative costs for the implementation of
priority GISP development activities and projects over a five-year
horizon.
The cost estimates were determined by considering the following
factors: (1) current cost of technology, (2) number of business
processes supported, (3) number of agencies involved, and (4) estimated
number of users.
Before any systems development activity begins, it is necessary to
define first the functions and technical specifications for the
development of the priority information systems and databases, the
initial networking requirements at the policy and program
implementation levels, and the database design and strategy. This first
step involves extensive studies and consultations with various
stakeholders, including key solution providers, technology experts,
users and system owners, policymakers and planners, Congress, and the
public as a whole. The major outputs of this phase are the (1)
Technical and Functional Specifications (TFS) and (2) Requests for
Proposals (RFPs), which should undergo rigid review and
consultations.
After the initial project scoping and planning, systems development
activities are to commence beginning Year 1. The key computing and
network infrastructure should be in place within the first two years,
hence the high funding requirement for years 1 and 2, of about P10.2
billion and P3.3 billion pesos, respectively. Rollout of individual
systems range between years 3 to 5.
Enter: the Public Services Information System, the ICT version of ‘a
one-stop shopping center.’
The first major type of information system is the Public Services
Information System, providing frontline services with its one-stop
virtual access point and gateway for all major government-to-business
and government-to-general public transactions.
The next major group of information systems in the development pipeline
are seven common oversight systems. These are intended to support
business processes that are common to all government agencies. Each
system will be developed once, with provisions for enhancements or
modifications at the agency level. The resulting application can be
deployed to every government agency.
There are also seven sectoral information systems to be developed and
deployed to the agencies within the sector. The three top information
system in terms of cost are sectoral systems, namely those involving
land use, public order and safety, and education and manpower
development. This is due to the substantial investment requirement for
implementing GIS, data warehousing and distributed database
technologies. These systems also support basic and vital public
services, and necessitate the deployment of ICT resources down to the
local institutions, specially LGUs, but also including state
universities and colleges (in the case of the education sector).
The two mission-critical application systems for local government units
aim to enhance their revenue generating capabilities and enhanced
service delivery by streamlining business licensing and permitting
processes.
Hardware Cost Estimates
The estimated P21.161 billion total investment includes the cost of
major ICT equipment, namely personal computers/workstations and
servers, estimated at P2.816 billion. The estimated number of computers
and servers required were multiplied by the respective unit cost per
hardware type based on prevailing market prices.
Type
PCs
Small servers
Medium servers
Large servers
Total
Estimation Methodology
Various methods, combinations of proxy information and factors were
used to arrive at the cost estimates. For the purpose of estimation,
the technologies were classified into two major types of major
technology cost drivers and other technologies.
Major Technology Cost Drivers
(Illegible portion copied from the Department of Justice files)
Other Technologies
The rest of the technologies identified are generally acquired as
services whose costs are characterized as recurring monthly expenses
(e.g., Internet connection, VPN and wireless computing). Scale factors
are used as multipliers to take into account the cost of other
technologies and are based on increasing scales of operations as
indicated by the number of institutional users and the number of
agencies involved.
Total Cost of Ownership Breakdown
One of the key assumptions used in the GISP cost estimation process
involves the concept of total cost of ownership (TCO) of an information
system. The following percentage values were used to arrive at
indicative total cost of ownership figures:
Cost Component
Software
Hardware
Professional Services
Administrative costs
TOTAL
It was assumed that software makes up 17% of the total cost of
ownership. The starting point for most estimates was to determine the
cost of software associated with each technology. The resulting figure
was then divided by 17% to get the estimated total cost for ownership
of the information system using the technology.
The percentage figures were derived from average TCO of ERM/ERP
applications data published in Extract of Meta Group Survey >ERM
Solutions and Their Value<, a document posted on the SAP web site
(see www.sap.com/service/pdf.tco.pdf).
It is worth nothing that the independently derived computer hardware
cost (P2.816 billion) is 13.31% of the total GISP investment
requirement of P21.161 billion. This is consistent with and provides
initial validation of the 14% Meta Group Survey figure for hardware.
The following table presents an overview of each technology and the
corresponding cost estimation procedure used.
Table 5.4 — GISP Investment Estimates
Annex A-1 — Ongoing Government ICT Projects
(Illegible portion copied from the Department of Justice files)
Annex A-2 — Government ICT Projects in the Pipeline
(Illegible portion copied from the Department of Justice files)
Annex B
Technology Assessment Capsules
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
A.
Description
Biometrics is an automated method of recognizing a person based on
physiological or behavioral characteristics such as fingerprints,
speech (voice), face, retina, iris, handwritten signature, hand
geometry, and wrist veins. Biometrics addresses the need for
authentication, the process of identifying an individual, replacing or
augmenting verification based on a username and password.
Biometrics can be used in identification mode wherein it identifies a
person from the entire enrolled population by searching a database for
a match. It can also be used in verification mode wherein it
authenticates a person’s claimed identity from his/her previously
enrolled pattern. Biometrics offers some unique advantages because
identification is based on a person’s intrinsic part. Tokens, such as
smart cards, magnetic stripe cards, physical keys may be lost, stolen,
duplicated, or left at home. Passwords may be forgotten, shared, or
observed.
Applications
In the Philippines, biometrics would most likely find first application
in providing verification and authentication for financial transactions
(bank loans and social security claims) and limiting access to
high-security areas like military establishments and sensitive
government buildings. The United States — the US government in
particular — currently uses or has proposed to use biometrics in the
following ways at the federal, state, local, and foreign office levels.
•
•
•
Current Applications
The following are some specific applications of biometrics in other
countries:
Immigration and Naturalization
Service’s (INS) Passenger
Accelerated Service System
(INSPASS)
CANPASS
Automated Fingerprint Image
Reporting and Match (AFIRM)
The Colombian Legislature
Several federal, state, and local government agencies have purchased
biometric systems. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Drug
Enforcement Agency, Department of Defense, Department of Energy,
Department of Public Safety, Department of State, Federal Bureau of
Investigation, Federal Reserve Bank, Hill Air Force Base, the Pentagon,
and the US Mint have approximately 250 biometric devices with 13,000
enrolled users for access control applications.
The following are some planned applications of biometrics in the US:
California, Colorado, Florida, and
Texas Departments of Motor
Vehicles
Government Accounting Office’s
Electronic Benefits Transfer
(EBT) Task Force
FBI’s Integrated Automated
Fingerprint Identification System
(IAFIS)
National Crime Information
Center 2000 (NCIC 2000)
1.3
The system is expensive. It is not only the initial cost of the sensor
or the matching software that is involved. Often, the life-cycle
support cost of providing system administration support and an
enrollment operator add a lot to the initial cost of the hardware.
1.4
Biometrics technology has not attained enough maturity to merit
definite inclusion in the GISP. According to the Biometrics Consortium,
the only available information on biometric devices is often just a
sales brochure. The performance claims in the sales brochure may not
hold true for a given device in a given application. For example, a
device that measured 0.3% equal-error rate in a lab was found in the
field to have a false-rejection rate of approximately 25% (at an
unknown false-acceptance rate). While a change in this device’s
threshold between the lab and field tests might explain the difference,
it is more likely that the 0.3% equal-error rate was measured under
unrealistic conditions. Establishment of an independent evaluation
center to test the maturity, reliability and repeatability of a
biometric device was expected by the end of 1996.
While the reliability of biometrics as a means of authentication is
increasing as the technology matures, its price remain., prohibitive.
Substantial investments are required to set up, operate, and maintain
the necessary technological infrastructure. Most, if not all,
components would have to be sourced abroad. Respectedly, the major cost
after initial investment would be in maintenance and technical support
from other countries, particularly the US.
However, given the rapid development in information technology, it is
not inconceivable that within the 5 year timeframe of the GISP,
sufficient progress in biometric technology could occur to make it a
viable option for implementing, say, a national crime information
system, or even an election system.
B.
Definition
CADD refers to the use of a computer graphics system to create, modify,
manipulate, and display drawings and diagrams. CADD assists engineers,
architects, and designers in the same way word processors assist
secretaries and the general population. Drawings, designs and diagrams
stored as CADD files are more easily accessed and modified compared to
paper blueprints. When used for mapping, CADD systems treat map sheets
or drawings as separate entities with little or no continuity across
map sheets. While some CADD systems may contain limited database
management capabilities, they seldom have map registration or map
projection transformation capabilities.
Applications
CADD has promising applications in the following areas of government:
•
•
•
•
•
Considerations
The use of CADD technology for the storage and retrieval of plans,
drawings, and designs will entail modernization of the equipment and
staff skills of the agencies or local government units to be affected.
This will require capital expenditure without any immediate tangible
benefits, as it will take a while before a sufficient inventory of
drawings in electronic form becomes available.
Prognosis
The technology is proven and mature, but the lack of immediate tangible
benefits does not make this a high priority for government.
Nonetheless, it may be considered an investment for the future.
C.
Description
These technologies collectively provide automated tools for data
analysis in support of decision-making. They include technologies and
IT facilities to store and gather data from individual transaction
databases into massive databases and systems to extract, analyze and
present data into forms that are meaningful to decision makers.
Data warehouses are large data repositories purposely designed and
organized to allow analytical processing directly performed by users.
They allow more “data-based” decision-making through the use of
analytical models based on historical data. The use of data warehousing
as decision support systems or executive information systems, has been
receiving a lot of attention because it avoids the need to unite all
systems into one processing system in order to get a consolidated
enterprise-wide picture. Instead, the data warehousing concept
precisely is built on the collection of data from multiple processing
systems, organized through metadata which include data summaries that
are easier to index and search.
Data mining goes beyond changing or enhancing data presentation for
decision-making. Its main purpose is to discover previously unknown
relationships among data items such as possible cause-and-effect
relationships. It uses automated tools to look for hidden patterns
among data sets. Statistical techniques have long been developed
precisely to look for correlations and dependencies from datasets.
Conceptually, however, data mining technology is different in that it
is designed to have access to massive electronic databases and data
warehouses. Several data mining applications are now commercially
available. However, this field can still considered a complicated,
diverse technology in its infancy.
The value of these data warehouses is greatly enhanced by integrating
them with the Internet so they can be easily accessed from any
location, at any time. This way, government workers out in the field or
assigned to regional offices can use their browsers to access the data
warehouse through their agency’s intranet.
Applications
Generically, data warehouses have been used in the automated prediction
of trends and behaviors, and the automated discovery of previously
unknown patterns. Given this, data warehousing and EIS/DSS can be
employed in the following areas in government:
•
•
•
•
•
Considerations
Among the major considerations in the applicability of this technology
are the following:
•
•
•
•
Prognosis
The cost and high chances of failure may indicate that data warehousing
should be given a relatively low priority. However, the clear lack of
information-based decision-making in government suggests that, at the
very least, one or two pilot warehouses addressing key areas should be
set up. Government cannot afford to keep postponing this, as the long
implementation requirement means that it will take five to ten years
before any benefits accrue.
D.
Description
Relational database technology now makes it possible to build
applications where the database tables may physically reside in
different hardware. Stored procedures and ODBC allow programs running
on one machine to access a database that resides in another machine.
Two-phase commit mechanisms with automatic transaction rollback provide
support for online mirroring of databases, i.e. simultaneously
maintaining two identical copies of the database while ensuring
integrity. Most database management systems also support database
updates from transaction logs, a feature that can be used to automate
offline mirroring of databases.
Applications
Distributed databases allow greater fibility in designing and building
integrated applications that cross geographical and bureaucratic
boundaries. For example, access to remote databases via ODBC and/or
stored procedures can be employed to allow consolidation of information
that comes from servers of different agencies. Similarly, mirroring
techniques can be employed to support centralized repositories of
consolidated data from the field, even as local subsets of the data
exist on field computers to support distributed transaction processing.
Considerations
Practically all the major commercially available database management
systems support distributed processing techniques. And systems have
actually been built and operated successfully employing this
technology. Building-distributed database applications in government
would entail:
•
•
•
•
Prognosis
Given the devolved, decentralized nature of operations,
government-distributed database technology is a must in building
efficient integrated information systems. The only major obstacles are
the higher cost (due to more expensive software and increased
networking) and limited manpower (for the expertise in planning,
building and in coordination). These can be solved with careful
resource allocation and private sector involvement.
E.
Description
Electronic Commerce is the use of computers and telecommunications
networks to facilitate business transactions like the buying and
selling of products, services, and information. E-commerce can be
generally classified into two types: business-to-consumer and
business-to-business. While e-commerce has existed since the early
1970’s through technologies like EDI and data encryption, it caught
wide public attention only recently as several e-commerce sites sprung
up in the Web. E-commerce over the Internet allows the promotion,
buying, and selling of goods and information that cut through
geographical and/or political boundaries. Perhaps the best example of
successful e-commerce over the Internet is the popular Amazon.com,
which allows users to search for and order books, gifts, CDs, and
videos online.
Applications
E-commerce technology can improve governance through its application in
at least the following areas:
•
•
•
Considerations
The growth of e-commerce in the Philippines would depend on two things:
•
•
Prognosis
Security and authentication problems and lack of legal infrastructure
make it difficult to pursue e-commerce for the general public. However,
there are local precedents for the successful implementations of
limited e-commerce (e.g. closed system) such as the auction and trading
of government securities, where the parties involved may come up with
their own contracts and operating covenants to ensure the
enforceability and legality of their transactions. Given these, the
government should look into more of these opportunities, not only for
improving efficiency in at least some aspects of its operations, but as
a way of “testing the waters” for more ambitious e-commerce
applications in the future when the security and legal issues shall
have been resolved.
F.
Description
With the spectacular growth of the web and other IT trends, repurposing
of already published materials will be a sunshine industry.
“Repurposing” is a catch-all term for conversion of a broad range of
different publishing types and components:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Two standards have emerged for cross-platform document file formats:
HTML and PDF:
•
A new software category, called portable document applications,
attempts to provide the best balance of all factors. It combines the
compatibility of HTML with the page layout quality of desktop
publishing applications, font quality of the Postscript language
compact file size of compressed image formats, and simple interface
designed for typical, nonprogrammer computer operators. The leading
application in this category is the Acrobat suite of tools from Adobe
Systems Inc.
•
There are two Acrobat components to consider the proprietary PDF file
format and the suite of software tools (for browsing and editing to
manipulate documents) stored in this file format. The two are used
interchangeably but in fact they are distinct; PDF is the name of the
file format and Acrobat is the suite of software tools. The Acrobat PDF
file format is based on the Postscript language, also developed by
Adobe. Like Postscript, Acrobat is vector rather than bitmap based.
Vector file formats describe fonts, images and other page elements as a
series of mathematical descriptions and relations. Character fonts are
encoded as mathematical descriptions of lines, shapes and distances
between sets of points. As an oversimplified example, the character “V”
is fundamentally three points: the top left, top right, and bottom
middle where the two lines intersect.
Applications
Government can find use for this technology in two ways. First, a
central repository of official documents in electronic form can be set
up to store and provide access to all future government public
documents. Since practically all government offices already use PCs to
generate their memos, orders, rulings and other documents, a central
document repository can be achieved prospectively. All that is needed
would be to set up a large server, perhaps at the National Archives, to
where all government agencies would be required to submit electronic
copies of all their official documents.
Second, the government should consider converting all existing
documents into electronic form to save on storage space, make them
easily accessible, and preserve their integrity. This is a much more
comp and costly exercise because of the volume of documents or
conversion.
Considerations
Creating, storing, and disseminating documents in digital form offers
substantial advantages over traditional print publishing for a variety
of reasons:
•
•
•
On the other hand, there are negative factors to consider, such as:
•
•
Prognosis
Converting the same document into other information products from
essentially the same source material means less publishing and
document-related cost. From a cost/benefit standpoint, repurposing or
electronically converting and disseminating existing documents means
that agencies can reuse existing information resources to accomplish
newly defined communication objectives. New distribution channels can
be exploited. Budgets can be spread over a broad range of applications.
For instance, the production costs of promotional CD-ROMs can be
amortized to include the cost of and uploading the same materials to
the Internet, and producing brochures and internal IEC (information,
education, and communication) materials. acCTIS
G.
Description
A Geographical Information System (GIS) is an information technology
application for the conversion, integration, management manipulation
and analysis, query, deployment, and use of geographically referenced
information. What differentiates a GIS from an MIS application is the
use of maps with related attributes describing features on the map. It
is a very powerful visualization and analysis tool that helps uncover
spatial relationships not possible in the traditional sorts and other
manipulation of databases (i.e. attributes of map features). In the new
paradigm, GIS is really part of the MIS of an organization which
handles all sorts of information, including spatial information.
The other spatial technologies provide information inputs (content) to
the GIS. In addition, transaction-based information gathering can be
integrated to the GIS provided each record is geographically referenced.
The strength of the GIS for government information systems is its
geographic integration capability. Thorough GIS, it is possible to
immediately link and visualize most government databases that could not
be linked before, through geography or location.
Applications
National and local governments worldwide, including a few in the
Philippines, have utilized GIS technology for productive uses in the
following applications.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Consideration
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Prognosis
GIS and other spatial technologies are proven, mature and
cost-effective technologies that have yielded benefits to users
worldwide. These technologies are continually evolving, becoming more
user-friendly and easier to use than before. All GIS technologies will
be Internet-enabled, enabling producers to supply GIS Maps/Information
to users via the WWW.
It is not simply a matter of government adopting the spatial
technologies. Successful GIS implementations in national government
involved careful planning and the adoption of necessary policies on
data standards, data sharing, manpower development that may be
organization wide in approach.
H.
(include Intranets/Extranets/VPN/Internet Telephone/Video-Conferencing
Over Ip)
Description
Started in 1969 as the US Department of Defense network, the internet
has grown into a global network of hundreds of thousands of computers
and has spawned a number of widely successful technologies that
government can harness. In addition to the use of the TCP/IP standard
to allow interconnection of a wide variety of computers, the growth of
the Internet, particularly in this decade, has resulted in the
emergence of:
•
•
•
•
Applications
These Internet-based technologies have countless possible applications
in government. Among the more obvious ones are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Considerations
In employing internet technologies in re-engineering government, the
following should be taken into account:
•
•
•
•
Prognosis
The proposed systems will definitely improve governance in a variety of
ways like lower costs, enhanced communication and coordination within
government, and better information dissemination. Not only is Internet
technology widely available. It is becoming more and more affordable.
What government lacks in technical manpower, local IT companies can
readily provide through outsourcing schemes. And there are viable
technological solutions to security and authentication problems.
The real obstacles are lack of funds and the need for massive
retraining and change management of the bureaucracy. The former is
partially addressed by the RPWeb initiative which aims to require each
government agency to set aside funds to connect to the Internet, and by
inviting the private sector to set up some of the needed infrastructure
on a BOO scheme. The latter would require appropriate policies and
sustained implementation over several years.
I.
Description
Over the years, various systems and technologies have been employed to
facilitate learning. The computer, in particular, has been used to
automate and improve some aspects of the learning process through
drill-and-test programs, computer-based testing, multimedia modules and
other CAI/CAL applications. Correspondence, radio, and television allow
the delivery of instruction and course materials over long distances.
Today, the Internet provides new opportunities for pursuing the same
objectives primarily because of its wide geographic coverage and
multimedia capabilities.
Online learning refers to the use of information technology in the
delivery of instruction. Online learning may be asynchronous — where
the recipient of instruction is able to access and go through the
materials at any time and at his own pace — or interactive — where
there is a scheduled two-way interaction between teacher and student.
Web-based courses and CAI modules on CD-ROM are the best examples of
asynchronous online learning, while web-based courses with two-way
videoconferencing for scheduled classes is the common form of
interactive online learning.
Applications
Worldwide, online learning technologies have been primary used in
corporate training. Considering government’s perennial need for
training and retraining, and its involvement in tertiary and technical
education through the SUCs and TESDA, online learning can be employed
in at least two areas:
•
•
Considerations
In determining whether or not government should vigorously pursue
online learning technologies, the following should be considered:
•
•
•
Prognosis
Online learning technologies offer a unique opportunity not just to
address government’s need for massive training and retraining, but to
improve productivity and efficiency. It can reduce travel costs and
staff time spent away from work, maximize use of available expertise,
and help ensure standardized delivery of instruction.
But it is imperative that people in government truly appreciate that
online learning is a long-term investment where no immediate benefits
may arise until a “critical mass” is reached. Government should
probably either consider this together with videoconferencing centers
as joint projects (to spread the capital expenditure and recurring
costs) or leave the setting up of the infrastructure to the private
sector.
J.
Definition
Remote sensing in the technique of obtaining information about objects
through the analysis of date collected by special instruments that are
not in physical contact with the objects of investigation. As such,
remote sensing can be regarded as “reconnaissance from a distance,”
“teledetection,” or a form of the common adage “look but don’t touch.”
Remote sensing thus differs from in situ sensing, where the instruments
are immersed in, or physically touch, the objects being measured. A
common example of an in situ instrument is the soil thermometer.
Traditionally, the energy collected and measured in remote sensing has
been electromagnetic radiation, including visible light and invisible
thermal infrared (heat) energy, which is reflected or emitted in
varying degrees by all natural and synthetic objects. The scope of
remote sensing has been recently broadened to include acoustical or
sound energy, which is propagated under water. With the inclusion of
these two different forms of energy, the human eye and ear are examples
of remote sensing data collection devices.
Applications
Remote sensing technologies have been used by other governments in the
following areas of application:
•
•
•
Considerations
The use of remote sensing is extremely expensive and requires high-tech
infrastructure that the Philippines does not yet possess. However,
there have been a number of limited applications using lasers for
pollution monitoring started locally.
Prognosis
Remote sensing is a technology that will be very important for the
Philippines in the future. The government should continue to support
projects in this area to develop local expertise and infrastructure in
this technology.
K.
Description
Token-based — as opposed to biometric — authentication measures use
objects distinct from the person-holder or bearer such as smart cards,
magnetic stripe cards or physical keys and locks for identification and
verification.
•
•
Applications
This technology has been employed by countries like Spain to provide a
secure and tamper-proof Social Security identification card. It can
also be employed in a “closed” e-commerce system to authenticate
eligible users.
Consideration
Use of this technology is likely to encounter political opposition as
it relates to the adoption of a national ID system — which is what this
technology is good for.
Prognosis
Smart card technology is definitely mature, available, and affordable.
Credit card companies are, in fact, already using it. It should find
use in a National ID System once government is able to overcome
opposition. On a limited scale, the government can consider using
electronic tokens in securing any e-commerce application it may pursue.
L.
Description
VPN is networking technology that uses public or shared telecom
facilities to connect nodes. VPN appears as if users are connected
directly to their private network, but it actually uses a public
network infrastructure to make the connection.
Traditional VPNs are provided in the form of broadband packet-switched
services such as Frame Relay or X.25. With the Internet increasingly
becoming a viable (reliable and cost-effective) network service
infrastructure, it is possible to run VPN services over the internet.
While traditional VPNs are proven technologies for linking LANs, they
do not easily accommodate individual users whose only access to the
outside world is through their PC, a modem, and the public switched
telephone network (PSTN). Dial or Internet-based VPNs are more easily
accessed by these users.
For Internet-based VPNs, securing data communications is particularly
important. Several systems that use the Internet as the medium for
transporting data employ data encryption and other data security
mechanisms to ensure that only authorized users can access the network
and that the data cannot be intercepted and viewed in its original
readable form.
Remote access to VPNs is one of the fastest growing areas of the
networking industry. Driven by the boom in inexpensive Internet access
and by the increasing use of remote access to corporate networks,
dial-up access to corporate networks over the public IP-based
infrastructure makes access to network resources less expensive, more
efficient, and more secure for organizations. As switching solutions
are introduced to alleviate Internet backbone congestion, the Internet
is becoming more viable as a low-cost medium for remote network access.
Three important technologies may be considered in using VPNs for
providing remote access via Internet: tunneling, network security, and
network management.
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In some network designs, tunnels are terminated behind customer
firewalls. Certain types of IP tunneling require customers to connect
directly to the Internet, which could pose a security risk to the
customer. To protect their networks from unauthorized users, many
corporate customers erect firewalls behind their Internet routers. This
restricts access from the Internet to resources such as the corporate
Web server. When using IP tunneling, the device terminating the tunnels
either needs to be in front of the firewall, allowing access from the
Internet to a device that has access to secure, corporate resources, or
behind the firewall. If the device is behind the firewall, the firewall
must be open to allow tunneled packets through to the devices that will
unwrap them. There are ways around this. However, they make the process
of configuring the firewall comp. Also, not all firewalls can
effectively handle traffic that isn’t terminated in the firewall.
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Applications
Service providers offer VPN or intranet service for agencies that
prefer to outsource remote access service. An intranet uses Web-based
technology to connect an organization’s distributed LANs, field
offices, mobile users, and telecommuters to essentially the same
services or applications found in a typical network such as:
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For agencies looking to provide remote access to internal users over a
wide geographical area, providers can offer “external” VPN or extranet
service: This adds controlled, secure connections between the agency’s
users and its field offices within and/or outside the country,
institutional partners, other government agencies and the private
sector for:
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Considerations
Many of the standards that VPN services will be based on are still
under development. This is important since focusing on a complete,
standards-based solution will ensure that investments in outsourced
networking services meet the availability, security, performance, and
cost requirements of agency-clients. It is expected that the service
provider who delivers a complete, standards-based solution will
ultimately dominate. The following is an initial list of desirable
features that could be used to evaluate VPN services from a user
perspective:
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Cost will depend on what components of the VPN are outsourced and what
are maintained in-house. As more networks are outsourced to an ISP, the
nature of the cost changes from capital outlay in the initial
acquisition of facilities to a user fee-type charging that are more
financially manageable.
Per site, the cost of an appropriately configured VPN access router
could run to P80,000 minimum for initial equipment, plus a leased line
connection to an ISP at P40,000 per month. Field workers can use
dial-up access to a local ISP (estimated at P1,000 per month).
Additional cost considerations include firewall equipment and software
and possible LAN restructuring.
Prognosis
Dial VPN is a service that is beginning to be an industry of its own
but is still in its infancy. Because of the anticipated demand due to
the savings in the cost of corporate communication, carriers and
service providers are expected to come up with the necessary
infrastructure and develop innovative service packages that give an
organization the option to replace an existing in-house data
communication system.
Price differentiation among the service providers would be mainly due
to variations in service quality, specifically regarding the guaranteed
service level (speed and reliability of access and minimized downtime).
However, VPN over Internet definitely offers the possibility of
reducing costs over traditional private WANs as local connections to
local ISPs are definitely cheaper than long-distance leased lines or
dial-up access.
In further discussing the viability of VPN, it is important to note a
few of the trends, some of which are already taking place:
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M.
Description
Wireless networking increases the access of users to computing and
communication services, which at present is largely provided through
wired networks. Wireless communication technology will serve as the
impetus for pervasive computing. Wireless devices come in four
categories: smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), e-mail
only devices, and set-top boxes:
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Applications
The benefits of wireless computing to private individuals and
corporations also apply to government in enhancing and enabling
cost-effective person-to-person, intra-agency, and inter-agency
communication. Government executives who need to travel frequently and
field staff will certainly benefit from the communication facilities
that wireless computing offers.
Considerations
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The WAP, specification addresses these issues by using the best of
existing standards, and developing new extensions where needed. It
enables industry participants to develop solutions that are interface
independent, device independent, and fully interoperable. One of WAP’s
basic principles is to leverage on the standards of the existing
Internet computing and communications model. As such, it is expected to
make extensive use and enhance essentially the same Internet
infrastructure. Enhancements could come in the form of installation of
computers assuming the role of WAP gateways between Web servers and the
client. The basic model, however, remains the same as the existing WWW
model.
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Prognosis
With the network infrastructure largely provided by the private sector,
government is seen essentially as a major user of wireless computing
services. Under this scenario, government communication costs would
come mainly in the form of service subscriptions, contracts, and
license fees that agencies will pay for the flow of information and
applications, like annuity-based or pay-per-use type of fees similar to
the current phone-use or Internet access payment schemes.
However, the high cost of these novel equipment makes it impractical at
this time to implement wireless or mobile computing in government on a
wide scale.
Annex C
Indicative Hardware System Specification
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National Information Technology Council (NITC)
CHAIRMAN: Dr. Filemon A. Uriarte, Jr., Secretary, Department of Science
and Technology (DOST); CO-CHAIRMEN: Dr. Felipe M. Medalla, Secretary
(Alternates: Mr. Raphael Perpetuo M. Lotilla, Deputy Director General,
Mr. Daniel F. Pabellon, Director), National Economic and Development
Authority (NEDA); Mr. Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala, President
(Alternate: Mr. Mark Javier, Chief Information Officer), Ayala
Corporation; MEMBERS: Mr. Manuel A. Roxas II, Secretary (Alternate: Ms.
Toby Melissa Monsod, Assistant Secretary), Department of Trade and
Industry (DTI); Mr. Andrew B. Gonzales, Secretary (Alternate: Mr. Ramon
C. Bacani, Assistant Secretary), Department of Education, Culture and
Sports (DECS); Dr. Benjamin E. Diokno, Secretary (Alternates: Ms.
Cynthia G. Castel, Undersecretary, Ms. Amelita D. Castillo, Director,
Mr. Eduardo Opida, Director), Department of Budget and Management
(DBM); Dr. Ester A. Garcia, Chairman (Alternate: Dr. Hadja Roqaiya VR.
Maglangit, Commissioner), Commission on Higher Education (CHED); Mr.
Vicente C. Rivera, Secretary, Department of Transportation and
Communication (DOTC), Mr. Edicio G. dela Torre, Director-General
(Alternate: Ms. Mariflor R. Liwanag, OIC), Technical Education and
Skills Development Authority (TESDA); Mr. Ramon V. Señeres,
Director-General, National Computer Center (NCC); Mr. Carlito Puno,
President (Alternates: Constancio Sia, Mr. Fabian Quitales),
Coordinating Council for Private Education Association (COCPEA); Mr.
William T. Torres, President (Alternate: Mr. Albert Velasco, Mr. Ally
Reyes), Philippine Internet Service Organization (PISO); Mr. Augusto C.
Lagman, President (Alternate: Dr. Ofelia M. Carague), Information
Technology Foundation of the Philippines (ITFP); Mr. Ernesto Santiago,
Executive Director (Alternate: Mr. Jacob Peña, President)
Semiconductor Electronics Industry in the Philippines, Inc. (SEIPI);
Ms. Ma. Corazon M. Akol, CY 1999, President, Atty. Rodolfo A. Salalima,
CY 2000, President, Philippine Electronics and Telecommunications
Federation (PETEF).
GISP Steering Committee
CHAIRMAN: Atty. Raphael Perpetuo M. Lotilla, Deputy Director-General,
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA); MEMBERS: Hon.
Crisostomo F. Abanes, Undersecretary, Ms. Kathleen G. Heceta, Director,
Ms. Emma E. Hizon, Director, Department of Transportation and
Communication (DOTC); Ms. Amelita D. Castillo, Director, Mr. Francisco
D. Lopez, Chief Management Specialist, Department of Budget and
Management (DBM); Mr. Arcadio B. Cuenco, Jr., Director, Mr. Jose Rocha,
Assistant Director, Commission on Audit (COA); Mr. Gerardo A. Doroja,
Deputy Director, Department of Science and Technology- Science and
Technology Information Institute (DOST-STII); Mr. Eubert F. Gutierrez,
Director, Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG); Ms. Ma.
Corazon M. Akol, 1999 President, Philippine Electronics and
Telecommunications Federation (PETEF); Mr. Augusto C. Lagman,
Information Technology Foundation of the Philippines (ITFP); Mr. Samuel
A. Molines, OIC, Mr. Denis Villorente, Department of Science and
Technology-Advanced Science and Technology Institute (DOST-ASTI); Ms.
Consolacion C. Santos, Director, Civil Service Commission (CSC); Mr.
William T. Torres, 1999 President, Philippine Internet Service
Organization (PISO).
GISP Technical Working Group
CHAIRMAN: Mr; Daniel F. Pabellon, Director, National Economic and
Development Authority (NEDA); MEMBERS: Ms. Julie S. Matias, Assistant
Director, Civil Service Commission (CSC); Ms. Maria Elena M. Robosa,
Chief, Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG); Mr. Gerardo
A. Doroja, Deputy Director, Department of Science and
Technology-Science and Technology Information Institute (DOST-STII);
Ms. Vienna A. Diuco, Assistant Director, Mr. Mateo Montaño,
Department of Budget and Management (DBM); Mr. Dennis S. Deveza,
Information Technology Foundation of the Philippines (ITFP); Ms.
Carmelita U. De Guzman, OIC-Director, Mr. Eugenio R.B. Inocentes III,
Director, Atty. Fortunato R. Abrenilla, Director, Mr. Ruben S. Reinoso,
Jr., Director, Mr. Virgilio V. Salentes, Assistant Director, Mr.
Cipriano A. Ravanes, Jr., Chief EDS, Ms. Virginia B. Candor,
Supervising EDS, National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA).
GISP-Technical and Administrative Support Group
CHAIRPERSON: Ms. Justina A. Adina, Acting Assistant Director, National
Economic and Development Authority (NEDA); MEMBERS: Ms. Helen B.
Barayuga, Information Technical Officer III, Civil Service Commission
(CSC); Mr. Francisco D. Lopez, Chief Management Specialist, Department
of Budget and Management (DBM); Ms. Corazon M. Mercado, Chief,
Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG); Ms. Elnora T.
Fernandez, Supervising Economic Development Specialist, Ms. Corazon P.
Mamomo, Senior Economic Development Specialist, Ms. Marlene M. Tauro,
Economic Development Specialist II; Mr. Jomanuel V. Cordova,
Researcher, Mr. Richard D. Ballester, Researcher, National Economic and
Development Authority (NEDA).
NITC Council Assistance System and Secretariat: CHAIRMAN: Dr. Ida F.
Dalmacio, Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for
Advanced Science and Technology Research and Development
(DOST-PCASTRD); MEMBERS: Mr. Daniel F. Pabellon, Director, Ms. Justina
A. Adina, Acting Assistant Director, Ms. Elnora T. Fernandez, Ms.
Marlene M. Tauro, Ms. Cherie Mae Quillates, National Economic and
Development Authority (NEDA); Mr. Gerardo S. Doroje, Deputy Director,
Department of Science and Technology-Science and Technology Information
Institute (DOST-STII); Mr. Johann Ong, Department of Science and
Technology-Advanced Science and Technology Institute (DOST-ASTI); Ms.
Juli Ana E. Sudario, Director, Ms. Ma. Lourdes P. Aquilizan, National
Computer Center (NCC); Ms. Ernie M. Bacarra, Ms. Maridon O. Sahagun,
Ms. Marie Christie B. Santos, DOST-PCASTRD.
Participants in Planning Workshops and Consultation Meetings Held on
the GISP
Government: Commission on Audit (COA); Mr. Arcadio B. Cuenco, Jr.;
Civil Service Commission (CSC); Mr. Jose Rocha; Ms. Helen B. Barayuga,
Ms. Julie S. Matias, Ms. Consolacion C. Santos; Department of
Agriculture (DA); Mr. Gener Y. Daluz; Department of Agrarian Reform
(DAR); Ms. Ester L. Sicad; Department of Budget and Management (DBM);
Ms. Vienna A. Diuco, Mr. Francisco D. Lopez, Ms. Fe Versoza-Ico;
Department of Education, Culture, and Sports (DECS); Mr. Reuben De La
Cruz, Mr. Deogracias Genito; Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA); Mr.
Mario L. De Leon, Mr. Ramon Eclavea; Department of Interior and Local
Government (DILG); Mr. Sim Estallo, Mr. Eubert F. Gutierrez, Ms.
Corazon M. Mercado, Ms. Maria Elena M. Robosa; Department of Labor and
Employment; Dir. Hector Morada; Department of National Defense (DND);
Mr. Andy Navarro; Department of Energy (DOE); Mr. Avelino S. Redor, Mr.
Jesus T. Tamang; Department of Health (DOH); Ms. Charity Tan;
Department of Science and Technology (DOST); Mr. Peter Antonio B.
Banzon, Ms. Ida F. Dalmacio, Mr. Gerardo Doroja, Ms. Donna Ruth
Montalban, Ms. Maridon O. Sahagun, Ms. Marie Christie B. Santos, Mr.
Dennis Villorente; Department of Tourism (DOT); Ms. Milagros Acoba;
Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC); Mr. Crisostomo
F. Abanes, Mr. Vic Chauhan, Mr. Roberto A. Jingco; Department of Public
Works and Highways (DPWH); Mr. Abelardo Barreto, Ms. Elizabeth E. Yap;
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD); Ms. Alma Infante,
Mr. Delfin Pille; Department of Trade and Industry (DTI); Mr. Alfredo
Torres; National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA);
Mr. Raul Nilo, Ms. Teresita B. Roberto. Ms. Loma M. Sales, Mr. Ramon V.
Señeres, Ms. Julie Ana Sudario, Ms. Cynthia A. Topacio (NCC);
Office of the President, Mr. Jovencio S. Kintanar, National Economic
and Development Authority (NEDA); Mr. Fortunato R. Abrenilla, Ms.
Justina A. Adina, Ms. Virginia B. Candor, Ms. Carmelita U. De Guzman,
Ms. Elnora T. Fernandez, Mr. Eugenio R.B. Inocentes III, Mr. Raphael
Perpetuo M. Lotilla, Ms. Corazon P. Mamomo, Mr. Daniel F. Pabellon, Ms.
Lelina A. Quilates, Ms. Romina V. Reyes, Mr. Ruben S. Reinoso, Jr., Mr.
Virgilio V. Salentes, Ms. June Tan, Ms. Marlene M. Tauro.
Private Sector: Ms. Timmy D. Rivera (Bayantel UNA); Mr. Raymundo Del
Val (HP Philippines); Mr. Augusto C. Lagman, Mr. Dennis Deveza, Mr.
Glenn Sipin (Information Technology Foundation of the Philippines); Mr.
Willy Gan (MOZCOM Phils.); Ms. Fe Ferriols (ORACLE Phils.); Mr. Nelson
J. Celis (Philippine Computer Society); Ms. Janette Toral (Philippine
Internet Commerce Society); Ms. Maria Corazon M. Akol, Mr. Oscar
Villacorta (Philippine Electronics and Telecommunications Federation);
Mr. William T. Torres, Mr. Albert S. Velasco (Philippine Internet
Service Organization); Mr. Antonio P. De Roda (Philippines Software
Association); Ms. Amelia Torrente (Quality Systems, Inc.); Ms. Cynthia
Mamon (SunMicrosystems); Mr. Rizal Raul Reyes (TODAY).
Economic Development Foundation: Mr. Victor M. Taylor, President: Mr.
Leoncio S. Marcelo, Vice President (Management and Information
Technology Services); Ms. Vicenta A. Alinsug, Project Manager; Arnaldo
Del Rosario, Francisca N. Dayrit, Emmanuel L. Benitez, Mr. Francisco D.
Lopez, Lea Rosemary V.an, Teresa G. Bagulsi, Primo Tapia, Emmanuel
Miraflores, Consultants; Salvador M. Enriquez, Jr., Adviser.
Editorial and Design Assistance Group
Raya Media Services, Inc.: Mr. Virgilio F. Lacaba, President and
General Manager, Mr. Roderick Toledo, Vice President; Ms. Cynthia
Alberto Diaz and Mr. Amadis Ma. Guerrero, Editors: Ms. Elizabeth
Lolarga, Associate Editor; Mr. Domingo S. Cortez, Design and Layout
Artist; Mr. Frederico A. Savania, Layout Artist; Ms. Jocelyn C.
Ladisla, Executive Assistant; Mr. Gerardo R. Anigan, Economics Adviser.
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Since 19.07.98.