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SECOND DIVISION

G.R. No. 104513 August 4, 1993

SILAHIS INTERNATIONAL HOTEL, INC, Petitioner, vs. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION AND GENUINE LABOR ORGANIZATION OF WORKERS IN HOTEL RESTAURANT AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES (GLOWHRAIN), SILAHIS INTERNATIONAL HOTEL CHAPTER, ROGELIO M. SOLUTA, ELMER C. LABOG, JOSELITO A. SANTOS, FLORENTNO P. MATILLA, EDNA B. DACANAY, HENRY M. BABAY, RAY ANTONIO E. ROSAURA, DENNIS C. COSICO, VICENTE M. DELOSA, IRENE V. RAGAY, APOLONIO BONDOC, QUINTOS B. BARRA, ALFREDO S. BAUTISTA, RICHARD T. GALIGO, JOHN DOES AND JANE DOES, Respondents.

NOCON, J.:

May the First Division of the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) order the reinstatement of employees dismissed for leading and/or participating in an illegal strike, in an injunction case ¹which is separate and distinct from the illegal case ²against them and which is pending appeal?chanrobles virtual law library

In this instant petition for certiorari and prohibition, the answer to the main issue stated above determines whether or not the public respondent-NLRC acted without or in excess of its jurisdiction or with grave abuse of discretion in issuing such an order. ³chanrobles virtual law library

The petitioner Silahis International Hotel Inc. is the employer of private respondent employees. Respondent-Union Genuine Labor Organization of Workers in Hotel, Restaurant and Allied Industries (GLOWHRAIN)-Silahis International Hotel Chapter, is the exclusive bargaining representative of the rank-and-file employees in the company.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

The antecedent facts are as follows:chanrobles virtual law library

On November 16, 1990, respondent-Union filed a notice of strike against petitioner-Silahis Hotel for unfair labor practices: violation of CBA, dismissal of union officers/members, mass termination/illegal lockout, and union busting. ⁴chanrobles virtual law library

On the same day, private respondents staged a strike, picketing and allegedly obstructing the ingress to and egress from the hotel. ⁵chanrobles virtual law library

On November 28, 1990, the Secretary of Labor and Employment assumed jurisdiction and issued an order certifying the dispute to the NLRC for consolidation with an earlier case and for all striking employees to return to work. ⁶Accordingly, on November 29, 1990, the employees ended the strike and return to work.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

On February 1, 1991, petitioner Silahis Hotel filed a complaint for illegal strike (NLRC NCR Case No. 02-00717-91) against respondent-Union, fourteen (14) named employees representing the union officers and John Does and Jane Does representing all the other employees who joined the strike. ⁷chanrobles virtual law library

In a decision dated February 12, 1992, Labor Arbiter Cornelio L. Linsangan found private respondents guilty of illegal strike and declared the union officers to have lost and forfeited their employment. ⁸chanrobles virtual law library

On February 14, 1992, the day the private respondents learned of the decision, petitioner-Silahis Hotel barred them from entering the hotel and terminated their services. Respondent-Union and private respondent-employees filed their appeal on February 19, 1992, well within the ten-day period for perfection of appeal provided by law. ⁹chanrobles virtual law library

And on February 27, 1992, herein private respondents filed a Very Urgent Petition ¹⁰for the issuance of a writ of preliminary mandatory injunction under Art. 218(e) of the Labor Code, not in the illegal strike case then on appeal, ¹¹but as NLRC NCR IC No. 00-0235-92. In that petition, respondents (petitioners therein) allege that petitioner-Silahis Hotel terminated the employment of respondents on February 14, 1992 even before the illegal strike decision ¹²became final and executory and that most of the employees terminated were not union officers nor proved to be participants in the strike. The termination of respondents' employment would cause grave or irreparable injury which can be corrected by the writ of preliminary mandatory injunction.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

The first division of the NLRC issued, in a Minute Resolution, an order in favor of respondents dated March 11, 1992, the dispositive part of which reads:

Wherefore, weighing the relative position of the parties vis-a-vis the equitable reliefs available, we hereby rule subject. to petitioners' posting of a bond of Fifty Thousand (P50,000.00) Pesos to answer for whatever liability the respondent may suffer should it appear that they are not entitled to the reliefs hereby granted, directing the respondent company: (1) to reinstate either physically or on payroll, at respondent's option, to reinstate (sic) Rogelio M. Soluta, Joselito A Santos, Florentino P. Matilla, Edna B. Dacanay, Dennis C. Cosico, Alfredo S. Bautista and Richard T. Galigo; and (2) to reinstate, with full backwages, all the other petitioners to their positions held as of February 14, 1992. Labor Arbiter Adolfo C. Babiano is hereby directed to hear the incident of temporary and/or permanent injunction, and to submit a report and recommendation thereon within ten (10) days from the conclusion of the hearing.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

This Order shall be effective for a period of only twenty (20) days from petitioners' submission of the required bond. ¹³chanrobles virtual law library

On March 16, 1992, petitioner-Silahis Hotel filed a Motion for Reconsideration of the Order above, but the same was not and has not been acted upon.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

Petitioner-Silahis Hotel assails this Order and on March 25, 1992, filed the instant petition for certiorari and prohibition with prayer for temporary restraining order. The following day, we issued a temporary restraining order continuing until further orders from the Court, enjoining the NLRC from enforcing the Order dated March 11, 1992 in NLRC NCR Case No. 00-0235-92 and from further proceeding with aforesaid case. ¹⁴chanrobles virtual law library

Petitioner contends that:

THE RESPONDENT NLRC ACTED WITHOUT OR IN EXCESS OF JURISDICTION OR WITH GRAVE ABUSE OF DISCRETION IN ORDERING THE REINSTATEMENT OF PRIVATE RESPONDENTS, CONSIDERING THAT:chanrobles virtual law library

A. The questioned Order illegally confers a relief on private respondents, in violation of petitioners right to due process. Injunction is not the appropriate remedy to order the reinstatement of private respondents.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

B. The questioned Order operates as an adjudication on the merits of private respondents' appeal from the Labor Arbiter's decision, which raises the issue as to the scope of the declaration.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

C. Respondents, be knowingly filing the injunction case during the pendency of the appeal in the illegal strike case are guilty of forum-shopping.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

D. The questioned order was issued in clear and palpable violation of Art. 218 of the Labor Code. ¹⁵chanrobles virtual law library

The resolution of the instant petition depends on whether public respondent-NLRC can validly entertain the "Very Urgent Petition" ¹⁶filed by respondents and issue the Order ¹⁷reinstating the respondents, assailed by petitioner.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

The appeal from the decision of the labor arbiter in the illegal strike case (NLRC NCR Case No. 02-00717-91) was pending when respondents filed its "Very Urgent Petition" as NLRC IC No. 00-0235-92.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

Petitioner claims that filing the "Very Urgent Petition" as another injunction case and not with the appealed case is "forum-shopping" and cannot be done for such practice has, long been condemned as "contrary to the interest of justice." ¹⁸It further argues that the issue of respondents' employment status and/or dismissal is pending in the appealed strike case and that respondents were dismissed precisely because of said illegal strike conducted by them. Hence, they (respondents) cannot seek relief from the effects of the dismissal in an entirely new suit the (injunction case). ¹⁹chanrobles virtual law library

On the other hand, private respondents contend that they are not guilty of forum-shopping because the issues involved in the appealed case and the injunction case are different. They claim that the issues in the appealed illegal strike case are whether the finding of illegal strike and the declaration that the union officers have lost and forfeited their employment are correct. And the issue in the injunction case, which arose the decision of the labor arbiter, is whether this decision can be executed or implemented by the petitioner even if the same was not final and executory. ²⁰chanrobles virtual law library

The labor arbiter ruled that the strike staged by the respondents was illegal. After receiving notice of a favorable decision, petitioner-hotel dismissed the respondent-employees for having participated in this illegal strike. Respondents then filed its appeal from this decision. And within the same month, the respondents filed their petition for injunction as a new injunction case.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

It is not very difficult to see that the issues in these two cases are interrelated. Because of this relevant connection, the relief prayed for by the respondents, i.e., injunction restraining the petitioner from dismissing them, could have been properly granted or denied in the case on appeal. There was in fact no reason for the respondents to file a new injunction case before the same agency.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

By doing this, they effectively sought another forum to grant them relief. The Court cannot but proscribe this as a species of forum shopping.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

In Villanueva v. Adre, ²¹we said that:

There is forum shopping whenever, as a result of an adverse opinion in one forum, a party seeks a favorable opinion (other than by appeal or certiorari) in another. The principle applies not only with respect to suits filed in the courts but also in connection with litigations commenced in the courts while an administrative proceeding is pending, as in this case, in order to defeat administrative processes and in anticipation of an unfavorable administrative ruling and a favorable court ruling. ²²

And in Gabriel v. Court of Appeals, ²³we added that "filing of multiple petitions constitutes abuse of the court's processes and improper conduct that tends to impede, obstruct and degrade the administration of justice and will be punished as contempt of court." ²⁴

We have consistently ruled that a party should not be allowed to pursue simultaneous remedies in two different forums. Although most of the cases and have ruled upon regarding forum shopping involved petitions in the courts and administrative agencies, ²⁵the rule prohibiting it applies equally to multiple petitions in the same tribunal or agency.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

By filing, another petition involving the same essential facts and circumstances in the same agency, as in this case where respondents filed their appeal and injunction case separately in the NLRC, respondents approached two different fora in order to increase their chances obtaining a favorable decision or action. This practice cannot be tolerated and should be condemned.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

Public respondent-NLRC erred when it entertained the separate injunction case filed by respondents. Moreover, it should have consolidated the petition for injunction with the case already on appeal, for the fact of appeal and the attendant circumstances were stated in the petition and even acknowledged in the questioned Resolution of the NLRC. ²⁶chanrobles virtual law library

While we find the action taken by the respondents was ill-suited however, this does not mean that the petitioner-hotel's act of dismissing respondent-employees before the decision of the labor arbiter became final and executory should be sanctioned.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

Despite our proscription against forum shopping, the respondents should be allowed to have recourse to the processes of law and to seek relief from their dismissal as this allowance will better serve the ends of justice. The propriety of the hotel's act of dismissing the respondents and the resulting consequences may still be passed upon, in conjunction with the appealed case after filing a proper petition therein.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

However, the culpability of respondent's counsel, who are charged with the knowledge of the law and with the duty of assisting in the administration of justice, is clearly manifest. Because of the cunning practice they employed, respondents' lawyers, Attys. Potenciano A. Flores, Jr. and A.E. Dacanay are hereby warned and admonished to be more circumspect in their professional concerns otherwise a penalty more severe shall befall them for similar acts.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

The other issues raised by petitioner no longer bear any significance after the resolution of the main problem above. No further discussion regarding them will therefore be made.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

WHEREFORE, premises considered, the petition is hereby GRANTED and the ruling of the respondent National Labor Relations Commission is hereby set aside. The temporary restraining order dated March 26, 1992 is made permanent. No costs.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

SO ORDERED.

Narvasa, C.J., Padilla, Regalado and Puno, JJ., concur.

Endnotes:

1 NLRC IC No. 000235-92, GLOWHRAIN et. al. v. Silahis International Hotel Inc., filed February 27, 1991.chanrobles virtual law library

2 NLRC NCR Case No. 02-00717-91, Silahis International Hotel Inc. v. GLOWHRAIN, Rogelio M. Soluta, et. al.chanrobles virtual law library

3 Dated March 11, 1992; Rollo, p. 37.chanrobles virtual law library

4 NCMB-NCR-NS-11-927-90.chanrobles virtual law library

5 Petition, pp. 5-6; Rollo, pp. 5-6.chanrobles virtual law library

6 Order of the Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment, Rollo, pp. 37-39.chanrobles virtual law library

7 Rollo, pp. 40-50.chanrobles virtual law library

8 Decision of the Labor Arbiter, p.11; Rollo, p. 57-68.chanrobles virtual law library

9 Art 223 of the Labor Code provides that the decision is "final and executory unless appealed to the Commission by any or both parties within ten (10) calendar days from receipt of such decision . . . .chanrobles virtual law library

10 Rollo, p. 114.chanrobles virtual law library

11 NLRC NCR Case No. 02-00717-91.chanrobles virtual law library

12 Supra, note 7.chanrobles virtual law library

13 Decision of the NLRC, First Division, pp. 3-4; Rollo, 34-35.chanrobles virtual law library

14 Rollo, pp. 92-93.chanrobles virtual law library

15 Petition, p. 9; Rollo, p. 9.chanrobles virtual law library

16 Rollo, p. 114.chanrobles virtual law library

17 Rollo, p. 32.chanrobles virtual law library

18 Petition, p.17, citing Tan v. CA 199 SCRA 212 and other cases; Rollo, p. 17.chanrobles virtual law library

19 Id., p.18.chanrobles virtual law library

20 Comment, p. 11; Rollo, p. 105.chanrobles virtual law library

21 172 SCRA 876, 882 (1989).chanrobles virtual law library

22 Id., at 882.chanrobles virtual law library

23 72 SCRA 273 (1976).chanrobles virtual law library

24 Id., at 275.chanrobles virtual law library

25 For example Gabriel v. CA 72 SCRA 275; Buan v. Lopez, 145 SCRA 34 (1986); Villanueva v. Adre, 172 SCRA 876(1989); GSIS v. Sandiganbayan 191 SCRA 655 (1990): New Pangasinan Review Inc. vs. NLRC, 196 SCRA 55 (1991); Benguet Electric Cooperative Inc. vs. National Electrification Administration, 193 SCRA 250 (1991).chanrobles virtual law library

26 Rollo, p. 32.