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THIRD DIVISION G.R. No. 105083 August 20, 1993 VIRGILIO CALLANTA, Petitioner, vs. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, DISTILLERIA LIMTUACO CO., INC. and/or JULIUS T. LIMPE., as President and General Manager, Respondents. M.P. Gallego, Borja & Co. for petitioner.chanrobles virtual law library Jose T. de Leon for Distilleria Limtuaco & Co., Inc. BIDIN, J.: In this petition for certiorari, petitioner Virgilio Callanta seeks the annulment or setting aside of the decision of public respondent National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) dated September 10, 1991 which reversed the finding of illegal dismissal and order of reinstatement with backwages by the Executive Labor Arbiter Zosimo T. Vassalo.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library The undisputed fact are as follows:chanrobles virtual law library From June 18, 1986 to December 31, 1986, petitioner was appointed as sub-agent by respondent company under supervision of Edgar Rodriguez with specific assignment at Iligan City and Lanao Province.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library In October of 1986, or before the expiration his appointment, petitioner was promoted to the position of national promoter salesman of respondent company for Iligan City, Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur (Rollo, p. 29). On 28 April 1987, a however, a "spot audit" was conducted and petitioner was found to have a tentative shortage in amount of P49,005.59 (Rollo, p. 30).chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library On 30 April 1987, petitioner rendered his resignation to private respondent Julius T. Limpe, effective on the same date. The petitioner's resignation letter is herein quoted in toto:
Seven months thereafter, petitioner wrote a letter to private respondent Limpe complaining about his false resignation and demanding for the refund of the amount of P76,465.81 as well as reinstatement to his former position.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library Respondent company ignored above demands and on March 21, 1988, petitioner filed a complaint against, respondent company before the NLRC Regional Arbitration Branch No. X for illegal dismissal, unpaid commission and receivable and/or claims due, non-payment of vacation leaves, holiday pays, 13th month pay, COLA and other company benefits and damages (Rollo, p. 4).chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library On the basis of the petition papers submitted by the parties, the Labor Arbiter rendered a decision declaring termination of petitioner's services illegal. The dispositive portion of the decision reads:
Aggrieved by the decision, respondent company appealed the same to the Fifth Division of the NLRC in Cagayan de Oro City on March 20, 1989. On October 16, 1989 respondent NLRC issued an order requiring private respondent company as appellant therein, to post a cash or surety bond in the amount equal to the monetary award in the Labor Arbiter's judgment. Pursuant to the provisions of the then newly promulgated Republic Act No. 6715, the NLRC also ordered immediate reinstatement of petitioner to his former position either physically or in the payroll, at the option of respondent company. Two (2) months from the date of the Order, private respondent filed the required bond but did not reinstate petitioner.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library Meanwhile, petitioner filed with respondent NLRC a Motion for Writ of Execution pending appeal dated November 12, 1990 praying for the immediate execution of the reinstatement aspect of the Labor Arbiter's decision in accordance with the October 16, 1989 Order of the NLRC as well as Article 223 of the Labor Code as amended by R.A. 6715. The motion for the writ of execution was not acted upon up to the time where public respondent NRLC decided the appeal on September 10, 1991, which as aforesaid, set aside the decision of the Labor Arbiter and dismissed the complaint of petitioner for lack of merit.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library Petitioner now comes to this Court by way of special civil action of certiorari praying for the nullification of the decision of public respondent anchored on the following grounds:
To resolve the first issue raised by petitioner, it is imperative to note the dates involved in the present case in order to determine whether petitioner was entitled to the immediate execution of the reinstatement aspect of the Labor Arbiter's decision.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library As borne by the records, the Labor Arbiter rendered his decision in favor of petitioner on February 16, 1989. Private respondent, on the other hand, filed its appeal on March 20, 1989. Ironically, Republic Act No. 6715, which granted the right to immediate reinstatement under Section 12 thereof amending Article 223 of the Labor Code, became effective on March 21, 1989, or the day after the appeal was filed by private respondent company. Meanwhile, the NLRC Interim Rules on Appeal under Republic Act No. 6715 became effective on September 5, 1989.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library Given this factual background, it is apparent that when the Labor Arbiter rendered his decision and even up to the time when private respondent company filed an appeal therefrom, Republic Act No. 6715 was not yet in effect. Thus, the most logical and necessary consequence was that the execution of the Labor Arbiter's decision as well as the requirements for the perfection of the appeal would have to be governed by the rules prevailing prior to the amendment of the Labor Code by R. A. 6715.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library Prior to the amendment of Article 223 of the Labor code by R. A. 6715, "decisions, awards, orders of the Labor Arbiter are final and executory unless appealed to the Commission within ten (10) days from receipt of such awards, orders, or decisions" (emphasis supplied). There was then no provision providing for an execution pending appeal. Hence, under the facts of the present petition, petitioner had no right to ask for the immediate enforcement of the reinstatement aspect of the Labor Arbiter's decision, no such right having been granted to him under the old rules. Instead, the decision of the Labor Arbiter was stayed by the timely filing of the appeal by private respondent company.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library In the motion for writ of execution filed by petitioner, he contended that the appeal of private respondent company was not perfected since there was no bond filed along with appeal (Rollo, p. 22).chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library Petitioner erroneously based his argument on premise that the amended provisions of Article 223 of the Labor Code are applicable to his case. But as previously emphasized, R.A. No. 6715 was not yet in force at the time the appeal was filed. Neither can R.A. No. 6715 be deemed to have retroactive effect, prospective application of the law being the rule rather than the exception (Article 4, New Civil Code). More so in the present case where the law (R.A. No. 6715) itself did not provide for retroactive application (Inciong vs. National Labor Relations Commission, 185 SCRA 651 [1990]).chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library Thus, applying the old rules, where perfection of the appeal involved only "the payment of the appeal fee and the filing of the position paper containing among others, the assignment of error/s, the argument/s in support thereof, and the reliefs sought within the prescribed period" (Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code Book V, Rule I Section 1(s), there is no doubt that private respondent company's appeal was duly perfected.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library It cannot be denied, however, that upon the effectivity of R.A. No. 6715, public respondent NLRC ordered private respondent company to post the additional requirement of cash bond and immediate reinstatement of the petitioner. By this time, the appeal of private respondent company has already been perfected in accordance with the old rules. Consequently, the latter's failure to timely comply with the bond requirement cannot be deemed in any way to affect the perfection of the appeal. Besides, considering the factual peculiarities of the present petition as above-described, compliance with the bond requirement, although a jurisdictional requirement, should be liberally construed to give way to substantial justice. The same sentiment was expressed by this Court in the 1990 case of YBL (Your Bus Line) vs. NRLC (190 SCRA 160), where the factual background of the case likewise played a vital role in upholding a liberal interpretation of the rules. In the aforementioned case, We held:
In rebuffing the contentions of petitioner involving the issue of immediate execution, public respondent NLRC correctly ruled that it had no jurisdiction to act upon the motion for writ of execution. Since it was the labor arbiter who issued the decision sought to be executed, the motion for execution should also be filed with the labor arbiter, as explicitly provided in the New Rules of Procedure of the National Labor Relations Commission Rule V Section 16 (3) to wit:
Coming now to the main issue of the present petition, i.e., whether the resignation by petitioner was valid and effective this Court believes and so holds that the resignation tendered by petitioner was voluntary, and therefore valid, in the absence of any evidence of coercion and intimidation on the part of private respondent company.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library Petitioner claims that private respondent company thru private respondent Julius Limpe showed him am alleged "spot audit" report wherein petitioner appeared to be short of P49,005.59. He was then handed a ready made resignation letter and ordered to sign the same otherwise an estafa case will be filed against him (Rollo, p. 8). The only evidence presented by petitioner to support his contention of coercion was a letter written by himself and addressed to private respondent Limpe, to wit:
We agree with public respondent NLRC that petitioner "failed to adduce evidence that may prove that and resignation was obtained by means of coercion and intimidation" (Rollo, p. 33). The aforequoted letter depicting the coercion allegedly imposed upon him as well as the reason therefore, was nothing but a self-serving assertion which has so little or no value at all as evidence for the petitioner.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library Moreover, it is a well-settled principle that for intimidation to vitiate consent, petitioner must have been compelled by a reasonable and well-grounded fear of an imminent and grave evil upon his person or property, or upon the person or property of his spouse, descendants or ascendants (Article 1335, par. 2 New Civil Code). In present case, what allegedly constituted the "intimidation" was the threat by private respondent company to file a case for estafa against petitioner unless the latter resigns.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library In asserting that the above-described circumstance constituted intimidation, petitioner missed altogether the essential ingredient that would qualify the act complained of as intimidation, i.e. that the threat must be of an unjust act. In the present case, the threat to prosecute for estafa not being an unjust act (P.P. Agustinos vs. Del Rey, 56 Phil. 512 [1932]), but rather a valid and legal act to enforce a claim, cannot at all be considered as intimidation. A threat to enforce one's claim through competent authority, if the claim is just or legal, does not vitiate consent. (Article 1335, par. 4 New Civil Code).chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library Furthermore, and on top of the absence of evidence adduced by petitioner to the contrary, the Court also finds it unbelievable that petitioner was rattled and confused into signing a resignation letter on account of a mere "spot audit" report. It is highly unlikely and incredible for man of petitioner's position and educational attainment to so easily succumb to private respondent company's alleged pressures without even defending himself nor demanding a final audit report before signing any resignation letter. Assuming that pressure was indeed exerted against him, there was no urgency for petitioner to sign the resignation letter. He knew the nature of the letter that he was signing, for as argued by respondent company, petitioner being "a man of high educational attainment and qualification, . . . he is expected to know the import of everything that he executes, whether written or oral: (Rollo, p. 124). In view of foregoing factual setting, petitioner cannot now be allowed to withdraw the resignation which, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, the Court believes was tendered voluntarily by him.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library Anent the claims for refund, petitioner once against failed to convincingly prove the authenticity of his claim against private respondent company. Petitioner claims that the amounts of P76,893.42 and P10,000.00 allegedly owed to him by private respondent company were matter proved during the hearings before the Labor Arbiter (Rollo, p.10). However, the records show that no hearing for the reception of evidence was ever conducted by the Labor Arbiter. At most, what transpired were preliminary hearings which had to be reset for five (5) times due to the absence of counsel for private respondent (Rollo, p. 4). In fact, because of the absence of counsel for respondent company, the Labor Arbiter just ordered the parties to submit their respective position papers in lieu of actual hearings. This having been the case, the Court is not convinced that the money claims of petitioner have really been proven during the alleged hearings before the Labor Arbiter, if any, especially in the present case where the money claims are even refuted by private respondent.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library In support of its claims for refund, petitioner presented a written summation of accounts reflecting the amounts allegedly owed by private respondent company to him. However, the aforestated summation is undated and unsigned, thus inadmissible and uncertain as to its origin and authenticity. Further kindling the flame of suspicion as to the origin of the summation in question is the context of the November 17, 1987 letter of petitioner to private respondent Limpe. Quite unusual is the fact that in refuting the findings of the alleged "post audit" conducted by private respondent company, petitioner did not even bother to mention the source of his conclusion that private respondent company still owes him P76,893.42, while at the same time complaining that somehow he is being refused access to and disclosure of some of the company records, particularly the records/audit of E.V. Rodriguez and J. Pong, Jr. These facts are inconsistent with petitioner's contention that is was the auditor of private respondent company itself who made the written summation.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library Finally, the claim of petitioner for unpaid allowances amounting to P10,000.00 was satisfactorily refuted by evidence presented by private respondent company in the form of vouchers proving payment of the same (Rollo, p. 98). Thus, petitioner has no more right to demand payment of the same.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library WHEREFORE, the petition is DISMISSED for lack of merit. Costs against petitioner.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library SO ORDERED. Feliciano, Romero, Melo and Vitug, JJ., concur. |
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