ChanRobles Virtual law Library
SUPREME COURT DECISIONS
PLEASE CLICK HERE FOR THE LATEST ➔ SUPREME COURT DECISIONS
SECOND DIVISION
[
G.R. No. 91619.
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee, vs. GAVINO L. PASAYAN, Accused-Appellant.
D E CI S I O N
TORRES, JR., J.:
This is an appeal from the September 29, 1989 decision of the
Regional Trial Court of Calamba, Laguna, Branch 35 in Criminal Case No.
1717-87-C finding accused-appellant Gavino L. Pasayan guilty beyond reasonable
doubt of the crime of rape and sentencing him to suffer imprisonment of reclusion
perpetua and to indemnify the private offended party in the sum of P25,000.00
and to pay the costs.
On
"That on or about April 8, 1987 at 2:20 oclock in the afternoon at Garden Resort Inn, Barangay Bagong Kalsada, Municipality of Calamba, Province of Laguna and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable court the above-named accused, with lewd design, and with the use of force, threats and intimidation, did, then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously have carnal knowledge of the complainant Dolores S. Catimbang against the latters will and consent, to the damage and prejudice of the said victim.
"CONTRARY TO LAW."
Upon arraignment, accused pleaded not guilty.
Trial on the merits ensued.
As summarized in the lower courts decision, the evidence presented by the prosecution consists of the following:
"Victim Dolores Catimbang identified the accused Gavino Pasayan whom she has known since December, 1986, as he is the driver of the Royal Star Marketing where she was then the Branch Secretary at Junction, Los Banos, Laguna.
"On P1,000.00 he was asking the Manager
which he needs as his wife was then in the hospital. She agreed and accepted the invitation of the
accused to join him for lunch. She
agreed because they were officemates.
Besides, accused used to drive her and her officemates home in the
company vehicle. On
"It was the accused who ordered their food and softdrinks. She asked for Sprite while accused ordered Coke. The softdrinks in bottles were served ahead with two glasses with ice cubes. Despite accuseds insistence for her to drink her Sprite, she refused as she was hungry and would rather drink it while eating. She then went to the comfort room where she stayed for three (3) minutes and when she returned to their table saw the accused pouring her softdrinks into her glass. Later on their food came. While eating she was also drinking her softdrinks.
"Immediately after finishing their lunch at
"She and the accused boarded the jeep and dropped her at Bambang, Los Banos, Laguna. She walked aimlessly not knowing what to do or where to go as she felt that she was out of her mind.
"Finally, she took a jeep towards Calamba and alighted at
Crossing. She was so confused and so she
boarded another jeep going to Binan and while in the jeep she alighted at the
corner of Mamated and the national highway and took a tricycle to Banlic,
Cabuyao, Laguna, to the house of her friend Eugene Tirones. She stayed in Bo. Banlic up to
"On the same date,
"Larita Tirones, corroborated the testimony of Dolores
Catimbang. It was in her house at
Banlic, Cabuyao, Laguna, where the victim stayed from April 8 to early morning
of
"Moises Lemos affirmed the claim of Dolores Catimbang that she was
brought by the accused to one of the rooms of Garden Inn Resort on P250.00 she
promised to contribute to the barrio fiesta.
Although Dolores Catimbang is known to her, he did not do anything
because it was a resort and the man with her might be her boyfriend.
"Dra. Solita Plastina, Municipal Health Officer of Calamba, Laguna,
examined Dolores Catimbang on
On the other hand, the evidence presented by the defense consists of the following:
"Accused Gavino Pasayan admitted having brought the complainant
Dolores Catimbang to the Garden Inn Resort at
"He denied having drugged the softdrinks of Dolores Catimbang while
they ate lunch at Dalampasigan Restaurant on
"Dolores Catimbangs motive in filing this rape case against him could have been his refusal to accede to her request to abandon his wife and live with her.
"Florencia Zafe, the Garden Inn Cashier merely testified on the procedure how customers check in and check out of the Garden Inn Resort and the relative position of the Cashiers window in relation to the 18 rooms of the motel and entrance and exit from the highway to the Garden Inn. From her place at the cashiers window she could see anything that is taking place from the time a customer gets in and out of the Inn.
"Dionicio Panaligan, former Bo. Captain of Brgy. Parian, Calamba, Laguna testified that as the incumbent Barangay Captain in 1986, it never came to his knowledge whether Dolores Catimbang ever filed it as all processes to be served in his barangay passes through him specially if the subpoena and/or arresting officer does not know the person to be served with the process." 2cräläwvirtualibräry
After evaluating the evidence for both parties, the lower court rendered judgment finding the appellant guilty beyond reasonable doubt of the crime charged and convicting him of the crime of rape.
Accused-appellant is now before this Court, imputing to the trial court the following assignment of errors:
"The lower court erred:
"1. - in finding that the accused-appellant is guilty of the crime of rape beyond reasonable doubt;
"2. - in finding that the element of carnal knowledge is beyond question as accused has openly admitted having had sexual intercourse with Dolores Catimbang on April 8, 1987 inside one of the rooms of Garden Inn Resort;
"3. - in assuming that accused was able to satisfy his beastly act freely and without resistance on the part of Dolores Catimbang for the first time on April 8, 1987 when she was unconscious and weak;
"4. - in finding that after Dolores Catimbang was deflowered and regained consciousness and when accused attempted to commit the sexual assault on her for the second time, she fought ferociously that would account for the injuries found on her person by the examining physician;
"5. - in misinterpreting the results of the Medico-Legal Report, Exhibit "C";
"6. - in finding that Dolores Catimbang was confused after she was dropped by the accused along the Los Banos National Highway, immediately after coming from the Garden Inn Resort on April 8, 1987;
"7. - in finding that Dolores Catimbang went to Banlic, Cabuyao, Laguna instead of Banlic, Calamba, Laguna;
"8. - in giving credence to the testimony of Dolores Catimbang." 3cräläwvirtualibräry
We find the appeal without merit.
Being interrelated, and all pertaining to the question of whether or not Dolores Catimbang voluntarily went to the Garden Inn Resort with Gavino, the first, second, third and fourth assignment of errors shall be discussed jointly.
Appellant alleges that the finding of the trial court that
"Dolores Catimbang could have taken the invitation for lunch as a show of
gratitude on the part of the accused since she acceded to the latters request
to guarantee his loan of P1,000.00 from their manager" demonstrates
shallowness of reasoning because Dolores waited for Gavino to come and fetch
her from the office for why else did she not take the lunch break?; and she
agreed to have lunch in a place that is relatively far from their office.
Appellant argues that if Dolores was unconscious when she arrived at the Garden Inn Resort and when she was brought to the room of said resort, then she would have to be bodily carried from the jeep to the room of aforesaid resort; the testimony of prosecution witness Moises Lemos that he did not help Dolores upon seeing her with the appellant in the Garden Inn Resort because "the man might be her boyfriend" shows that their actuation at the time gives the impression that they are sweethearts; and that no medical examination of Dolores blood was conducted to determine whether she had ingested drug that would make her unconscious.
According to appellant the minuscule injuries in the complainants body omitted in the report but which Dr. Plastina caused to be photographed invites suspicion that said injuries did not exist at the time of the said medical examination. Appellant further alleges that no man in his right mind will believe that the said contusion hematoma would make a person so injured to almost lose consciousness and, therefore, it is safe to assume that it was inflicted by the parents or uncles of Dolores.
We are not persuaded.
While Dolores Catimbang was in the office at
As to her condition upon their arrival at the Garden Inn Resort
at around
As to the lack of medical examination to show that Dolores ingested a drug that could make her unconscious, this is no longer necessary as the prosecution evidence on record sufficiently proves appellants guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
As to the alleged small injuries or bruises sustained by the complainant, it is wrong to conclude that the blow which caused such a small bruise could not possibly make the complainant almost lose consciousness. People differ in the degree of pain that they could bear. While the area of the bruise may be small, the appellant, using the knife, may have vigorously struck the complainant on the shoulder, so that there is nothing impossible about the complainant almost losing consciousness because of said blow. As to appellants theory that it was complainants parents who inflicted said injury, the same is preposterous. Regarding the photos, more particularly the ones showing the victims bruises, 8 the same could not have been taken on another date because the victim was examined by Dr. Plastina only once and the latter testified that she was present when said pictures of the victim were taken.
In the fifth assignment of error, appellant discusses his allegation that the rape of Dolores may have occurred on April 9, 10 or 11, 1987 but not on April 8, 1987, which, if true, throws a serious and grave doubt that Gavino is the culprit since Dr. Plastina found the spermatozoa in the victims organ to be alive 9 and because the labia majora and labia minora as well as the cervix of Dolores has fresh bleeding erosions without the presence of any healing process which means that Dolores had sexual intercourse in the very recent past, i.e., several hours before the medical examination.
While the doctors finding reveals that the laceration is fresh, said doctor testified that the normal healing time for such wounds is 1 to 7 days. 10 The doctor further testified that in this particular case, when she said recent, she meant that the laceration was sustained by the victim three to four days ago. 11 Since the complainant was raped by appellant on April 8, 1987 and she was examined by the doctor-witness on April 11, 1987, the doctors testimony that the laceration was sustained 3-4 days ago jibes with the date when the rape was committed. At any rate, this assignment of error is of trivial matter as Gavino admitted 12 having carnal knowledge of Dolores Catimbang on April 8, 1987 thus -
"Q: On April 8, 1987 Dolores Catimbang complained that you used force, threat and intimidation in having carnal knowledge with her, what can you say about this?
A: No, I have not used that. Its all pure mutual agreement, kasunduan, sir."
On the sixth assigned error, appellant claims that complainants alleged confusion is baffling because she remembered even the smallest detail of what happened from the time they were about to leave the room until they left the establishment; that her feeling of confusion seems to appear and disappear at times most convenient for the prosecution; that Dolores did not claim confusion when she threatened the accused; that she was a woman scorned and may have felt cheated by Gavino who led her to believe that he loves her; that to assuage her hurt feelings, she went to the house of her friend Eugene Tirones, a bachelor, who has another brother, also a bachelor; and that the result is predictable and in about 3 days, she lost her virginity.
We find appellants contentions untenable. Complainant remembered what happened before
she and the appellant left the Garden Inn Resort - that the appellant threatened
her not to act suspiciously once they get out of the room or he would kill her;
that a woman came near the door to get the payment; that the appellant paid P100.00;
that the appellant had to drive slowly from the parking space for that was the
time when the change was handed to the appellant, as she was anxious and
apprehensive of what would happen next.
When she was about to alight from the jeepney, the appellant was begging
her not to report the matter to her parents and so, it was now her turn to
threaten him that she would make a revenge.
Thereafter Dolores had to decide whether or not to tell her parents
about the incident. This is the tragic
incident that caused her confusion.
Appellant would like to portray complainant as a woman of ill repute, who wanted to live with a married man and who lost her virginity to the two bachelors in whose house she slept allegedly "to assuage her hurt feelings"; as a woman who would allow herself to be exposed to the humiliation and stigma of a rape trial just to get even with the man who allegedly spurned her love. This is comically ridiculous and incredible. A country girl like the victim in this case whose only fault was to have trusted the appellant, cannot be a dishonest woman with worldly proclivities. Dolores was not a sexual pervert out to seduce any man at sight. This is what appellant would like to portray to the Court. She was only 23 years old and was still a virgin when the appellant raped her. A public accusation by a Filipina, whose virtue has heretofore been unblemished, that she has been raped, carries a lot of credence. 13 Her only purpose was to protect her honor and to bring to justice the person who raped her, so much so that she declared in court after a very lengthy cross-examination:
"Atty. Hildawa:
Q Last question Miss Catimbang, who really raped you?
A I answered that already Atty. Hildawa : May I say something, Your Honor.
Court:
You say whatever you want.
Witness:
A I noticed right from the start Atty. Hildawa "paulit-ulit ang tanong niyo, pinaiikot-ikot niyo ako, edukadong tao ako hindi ako magdadamay ng taong walang kasalanan (witness pointing to the accused) he is the maniac, he is the rapist. I will not tell things that are not true." 14cräläwvirtualibräry
In People v. Corpus, 15 it was held that -
"Considering a Filipinas inbred modesty and antipathy in airing publicly things which affect her honor, it is difficult to believe that she would admit the ignominy she had undergone if it were not true. A complainant would not risk ruining her future and exposing herself to ridicule if her charge were not true. If she does under the expense, trouble and inconvenience of a public trial, suffer scandals, embarrassments and humiliation (such action would indubitably invite, as well as allow, an examination of her private parts), it is due to her desire to bring to justice the person who had abused her."
On the seventh assigned error, appellant makes an issue of complainants testimony that she went to the house of Eugene Tirones in Banlic, Cabuyao, Laguna when the fact is Eugene Tirones and her sister reside in Banlic, Calamba, Laguna. This allegation, is to say the least, flimsy. Whether it was Calamba or Cabuyao is not important. What is important is that she indeed stayed in the house of her friends sister and then her friends relative for three days; this was corroborated by said friends sister, Loring Tirones; and this demonstrates how confused the complainant was because she was raped. As aptly stated by the trial court -
"According to prosecutions witnesses (sic) Larita Tirones, sister of Eugene Tirones, and the owner of the house where Dolores Catimbang stayed, she was always crying and dazed (tulala) and refused to eat from April 8 to April 11, 1987. She refused to go home or see her parents. This behavior of Dolores Catimbang is a clear manifestation of a ravaged and confused woman who obviously was having a hard time pondering her traumatic experience and thinking how to carry the burden of having been forcibly deprived of her honor and dignity. In other words, she was the very opposite of the woman whom accused wanted to appear to be his ardous sweetheart and persistent paramour." 16cräläwvirtualibräry
On the last assigned error, appellant argues that the rule that "xxx findings of the lower court which has the opportunity to see, hear and observe the witnesses testify and to weigh their testimonies will be accorded the highest degree of respect by this Tribunal" is not applicable to this case with respect to Dolores Catimbangs testimony because the judge who penned the decision appealed from was not the one who saw and heard Dolores Catimbang testify but another judge to whom the case was originally assigned.
While said rule does not apply in the case at bar, this does not militate against appellee because evidence is overwhelming that appellant raped the complainant. Appellant admitted having carnal knowledge of the complainant; complainants claim that she became dizzy and very weak and later on unconscious, because of what appellant put in her softdrink was corroborated by Moises Lemos; and that what happened in the Garden Inn Resort was against her will is supported by Larita Tirones testimony that the complainant Dolores Catimbang could not eat and was always crying during the three days that the latter was in her house on April 8 to 11, 1987. Complainants testimony is supported by the Medico-Legal Report, 17 and corroborated by the straightforward, spontaneous and convincing testimony of Moises Lemos, Larita Tirones and Dr. Plastina, thereby proving satisfactorily her allegations that she was raped by appellant. On the other hand, appellants claim that he and Dolores Catimbang were sweethearts and that Dolores Catimbang agreed to have sexual intercourse with him remained unsubstantiated and belied by the facts established by the prosecution.
In rape cases, the accused may be convicted solely on the testimony of the complaining witness provided such testimony is credible, natural, convincing and otherwise consistent with human nature and the course of things. 18 This is such a case.
All other matters brought up by appellant are negligible details, unsubstantiated conclusions, theories, and assumptions that deserve scant consideration. It is an accepted rule that the credibility of a rape victim is not destroyed by some inconsistencies in her testimony. 19cräläwvirtualibräry
This Court is convinced beyond reasonable doubt that appellant had carnal knowledge of complainant against the latters will and consent.
Consistent with prevailing jurisprudence, the accused in rape
cases is normally sentenced to pay the victim P30,000.00 for moral
damages.
20
Considering, however, the extraordinary
circumstances in this case,
21
the indemnity is increased to Fifty Thousand
(P50,000.00) Pesos.
ACCORDINGLY, except for the MODIFICATION that the amount
of indemnity is increased to Fifty Thousand Pesos (P50,000.00), the
decision appealed from dated September 29, 1989 is hereby AFFIRMED.
SO ORDERED.
Regalado (Chairman), Romero, Puno, and Mendoza, JJ., concur.
Endnotes:
[1 Decision, pp. 1-3.
[2 Decision, p. 4.
[3 Appellants Brief, pp.1-2, Rollo, pp.64-65.
[4 TSN, June 23, 1987, p.4
[5 TSN, June 23, 1987, p.20, on cross-examination.
[6 TSN, July 21, 1987, pp.7-8 on cross-examination.
[7 TSN, August 31, 1988, p. 26 on cross-examination.
[8 Exhs. "B-3" to "B-5", Original Record, p. 231.
[9 TSN, July, 16, 1987, p.12.
[10 TSN, July 16, 1987, p.14, on cross-examination.
[11 Ibid .
[12 TSN, April 13, 1989, p.16, on direct examination.
[13 People v. Tayco, 235 SCRA 610.
[14 TSN, August 20, 1987, pp.15-16.
[15 222 SCRA 842, G.R. No. 101005, May 31, 1993.
[16 Decision, pp. 6-7.
[17 Exh. "C", Original Record, p.2.
[18 People v. Junio, 237 SCRA 826, G.R. No. 110990, Oct. 28, 1994.
[19 People v. Abapo, 239 SCRA 373, G.R. No. 108584, Dec. 22, 1994.
[20 People v. Sabellina, 238 SCRA 492, G.R. No. 93514-15 Dec. 1, 1994.