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FIRST DIVISION G.R. No. 182403 : March 9, 2010 ATTY. RESTITUTO G. CUDIAMAT, ERLINDA P. CUDIAMAT D E C I S I O N CARPIO MORALES, J.: Petitioner Atty. Restituto Cudiamat and his brother Perfecto were the registered co-owners of a 320 square meter parcel of land (the property) in Balayan, Batangas, covered by TCT No. T-37889 of the Register of Deeds of Nasugbu, Batangas. Restituto, who resided in Ozamiz City with his wife, entrusted the custody of the title to who was residing in Balayan.chanroblesvirtua|awlibary In 1979, Perfecto, without the knowledge and consent of Restituto, obtained a loan from respondent Batangas Savings and Loan Bank, Inc. (the bank). To secure the payment of the loan, Perfecto mortgaged the property for the purpose of which he presented a Special Power of Attorney (SPA) purportedly executed by Restituto, with the marital consent of his wife-herein co-petitioner Erlinda Cudiamat.chanroblesvirtua|awlibary On June 19, 1991, Restituto was informed, via letter In the meantime, Perfecto died in 1990. In 1998, as Perfectos widow petitioner Corazon was being evicted from the property, she and her co-petitioner-spouses Restituto and Erlinda filed on August 9, 1999 before the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Balayan a complaint In its Answer to the complaint, the bank, maintaining the validity of the mortgage, alleged that it had in fact secured a title in its name, TCT No. T-48405, after Perfecto failed to redeem the mortgage; that the Balayan RTC had no jurisdiction over the case as the bank had been placed under receivership and under liquidation by the Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation (PDIC); that PDIC filed before the RTC of Nasugbu a petition for assistance in the liquidation of the bank which was docketed as SP No. 576; and that jurisdiction to adjudicate disputed claims against it is lodged with the liquidation court-RTC Nasugbu.chanroblesvirtua|awlibary By Decision of January 17, 2006, The bank appealed to the Court of Appeals, contending, inter alia, that the Balayan RTC had no jurisdiction over petitioners complaint for quieting of title.chanroblesvirtua|awlibary By the assailed Decision of December 21, 2007, To the appellate court, the Balayan RTC, as a court of general jurisdiction, should have deferred to the Nasugbu RTC which sits as a liquidation court, given that the bank was already under receivership when petitioners filed the complaint for quieting of title.chanroblesvirtua|awlibary Petitioners Motion for Reconsideration having been denied by the appellate court by Resolution of March 27, 2008, they filed the present petition for review on certiorari.chanroblesvirtua|awlibary Assailing the appellate courts ruling that the Balayan RTC had no jurisdiction over their complaint, petitioners argue that their complaint was filed earlier than PDICs petition for assistance in the liquidation; and that the bank is now estopped from questioning the jurisdiction of the Balayan RTC because it actively participated in the proceedings thereat. The petition is impressed with merit. Estoppel bars the bank from raising the issue of lack of jurisdiction of the Balayan RTC.chanroblesvirtua|awlibary In Lozon v. NLRC, The operation of estoppel on the question of jurisdiction seemingly depends on whether the lower court actually had jurisdiction or not. If it had no jurisdiction, but the case was tried and decided upon the theory that it had jurisdiction, the parties are not barred, on appeal, from assailing such jurisdiction, for the same "must exist as a matter of law, and may not be conferred by the consent of the parties or by estoppel." However, if the lower court had jurisdiction, and the case was heard and decided upon a given theory, such, for instance, as that the court had no jurisdiction, the party who induced it to adopt such theory will not be permitted, on appeal, to assume an inconsistent position that the lower court had jurisdiction (underscoring supplied) The ruling was echoed in Metromedia Times Corporation v. Pastorin. In the present case, the Balayan RTC, sitting as a court of general jurisdiction, had jurisdiction over the complaint for quieting of title filed by petitioners on August 9, 1999. The Nasugbu RTC, as a liquidation court, assumed jurisdiction over the claims against the bank only on May 25, 2000, when PDICs petition for assistance in the liquidation was raffled thereat and given due course.chanroblesvirtua|awlibary While it is well-settled that lack of jurisdiction on the subject matter can be raised at any time and is not lost by estoppel by laches, the present case is an exception. To compel petitioners to re-file and relitigate their claims before the Nasugbu RTC when the parties had already been given the opportunity to present their respective evidence in a full-blown trial before the Balayan RTC which had, in fact, decided petitioners complaint (about two years before the appellate court rendered the assailed decision) would be an exercise in futility and would unjustly burden petitioners.chanroblesvirtua|awlibary The Court, in Valenzuela v. Court of Appeals, In the present case, the Court finds that analogous considerations exist to warrant the application of Valenzuela. Petitioner Restituto was 78 years old at the time the petition was filed in this Court, and his co-petitioner-wife Erlinda died WHEREFORE, the petition is GRANTED. The Decision of December 21, 2007 and Resolution dated March 27, 2008 of the Court of Appeals are SET ASIDE. The Decision dated January 17, 2006 of the Regional Trial Court of Balayan, Batangas, Branch 9 is REINSTATED. SO ORDERED. CONCHITA CARPIO MORALES WE CONCUR: REYNATO S. PUNO
MARTIN S. VILLARAMA, JR. C E R T I F I C A T I O N Pursuant to Section 13, Article VIII of the Constitution, I certify that the conclusions in the above decision had been reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Courts Division. REYNATO S. PUNO cralaw Endnotes:
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