9 C.F.R. PART 82—EXOTIC NEWCASTLE DISEASE (END) AND CHLAMYDIOSIS
Title 9 - Animals and Animal Products
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 8301–8317; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.4.
Source: 61 FR 56883, Nov. 5, 1996, unless otherwise noted.
As used in connection with this subpart, the following terms shall have the meaning set forth in this section. Administrator. The Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service or any individual authorized to act for the Administrator. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Bird. Any member of the class aves other than poultry. Dressed carcasses. Carcasses of birds or poultry that have been eviscerated, with heads and feet removed. END. Any velogenic Newcastle disease. END is an acute, rapidly spreading, and usually fatal viral disease of birds and poultry. Exposed. At risk of developing END because of association with birds or poultry infected with END, excrement from birds or poultry infected with END, or other material touched by birds or poultry infected with END, or because there is reason to believe that association has occurred with END or vectors of END, as determined by either a Federal veterinarian or a State veterinarian. Federal representative. An individual employed and authorized by the Federal government to perform the tasks required by this subpart. Federal veterinarian. A veterinarian employed and authorized by the Federal government to perform the tasks required by this subpart. Hatching eggs. Eggs in which birds or poultry are allowed to develop. Infected. Affected by the virus or bacterium that causes the specified disease. Interstate. From one State into or through any other State. Known to be exposed. Determined by either a Federal veterinarian or a State veterinarian to be at risk of developing END because of association with birds or poultry infected with END, excrement from birds or poultry infected with END, or other material touched by birds or poultry infected with END, or because there is reason to believe that association has occurred with END or vectors of END, as determined by either a Federal veterinarian or a State veterinarian. Known to be infected. Determined by either a Federal veterinarian or a State veterinarian to be affected by the virus or bacterium that causes the specified disease. Litter. Material that is used to collect and absorb bodily wastes from birds or poultry. Moved. Shipped, transported or otherwise moved, or delivered or received for movement, by any person. Official seal. A serially numbered metal or plastic strip, consisting of a self-locking device on one end and a slot on the other end, that forms a loop when the ends are engaged and that cannot be reused if opened, or a serially numbered, self-locking button that can be used for this purpose. Person. Any individual, corporation, company, association, firm, partnership, society, joint stock company, or other legal entity. Pet bird. Any bird that is kept for personal pleasure and is not for sale. Poultry. Chickens, doves, ducks, geese, grouse, guinea fowl, partridges, pea fowl, pheasants, pigeons, quail, swans, and turkeys. Recognized slaughtering establishment. Any slaughtering facility operating under the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et seq.), or State meat or poultry inspection acts. Render. Reduce, convert, or melt down by heating to a temperature of at least 230 °F so that oil is removed. State. Each of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, the Virgin Islands of the United States, or any other territory or possession of the United States. State animal health official. The State official responsible for livestock- and poultry-disease control and eradication programs. State representative. An individual employed in animal health work and authorized by a State or political subdivision of a State to perform the tasks required by this subpart. State veterinarian. A veterinarian employed and authorized by a State or political subdivision of a State to perform the tasks required by this subpart. Veterinarian in charge. A Federal veterinarian employed by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and authorized by the Administrator to supervise and manage the animal health work of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service in a specified area of the United States. (a) The determination that birds or poultry are infected with END must be made by either a Federal veterinarian or a State veterinarian.1 1 The location of Federal veterinarians and State veterinarians may be obtained by writing to Emergency Programs, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 4700 River Road, Unit 41, Riverdale, MD 20737–1231, or by referring to the local telephone book. 2 A copy of the protocols for END diagnostic tests may be obtained by writing to Emergency Programs, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 4700 River Road Unit 41, Riverdale, MD 20737–1231. The protocols are also found in “Recommended Uniform Diagnostic Procedures,” published by the Committee of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. (b) The determination that birds or poultry are exposed to END must be made by either a Federal veterinarian or a State veterinarian. They will base that determination on an evaluation of all related circumstances, including: the proximity of the birds or poultry to birds or poultry infected with END, to excrement from birds or poultry infected with END, and to other material touched by birds or poultry infected with END; the number of birds or poultry infected with END to which the birds or poultry were exposed; the species involved; the virulence of the END to which the birds or poultry were exposed; and the length of time the birds or poultry were in contact with birds or poultry infected with END, and to material touched by birds or poultry infected with END. Birds or poultry determined to be exposed to END will continue to be treated as exposed unless they are subsequently determined to be infected with END or until either a Federal veterinarian or a State veterinarian finds them to be free of END based on one or more of the factors listed in paragraph (a) of this section. (a) Any area where birds or poultry infected with END are located will be designated as a quarantined area. A quarantined area is any geographical area, which may be a premises or all or part of a State, deemed by epidemiological evaluation to be sufficient to contain all birds or poultry known to be infected with or exposed to END. Less than an entire State will be designated as a quarantined area only if the State enforces restrictions on intrastate movements from the quarantined area that are at least as stringent as this subpart. (b) Any area designated as a quarantined area because of END will remain designated as a quarantined area until all of the requirements of §82.14 have been met. (c) The following areas are quarantined because of END: There are no areas in the United States quarantined because of END. [61 FR 56883, Nov. 5, 1996, as amended at 67 FR 70675, Nov. 26, 2002; 68 FR 1517, Jan. 13, 2003; 68 FR 3376, Jan. 24, 2003; 68 FR 7413, Feb. 14, 2003; 68 FR 18532, Apr. 16, 2003; 68 FR 26987, 26989, May 19, 2003; 68 FR 34781, June 11, 2003; 68 FR 45744, Aug. 4, 2003; 68 FR 54800, Sept. 19, 2003] (a) Prohibitions. The following articles may not be moved interstate from a quarantined area: (1) Dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the birds or poultry, that are infected with END, or are from a flock of birds or poultry infected with END; (2) Litter used by or manure generated by birds or poultry, or a flock of birds or poultry, infected with END; (3) Any eggs from birds or poultry, or a flock of birds or poultry, infected with END; (4) Hatching eggs from flocks of birds or poultry exposed to END; and (5) Live birds or live poultry from flocks infected with or exposed to END. (b) Restrictions. The following articles may be moved interstate from a quarantined area only in accordance with this subpart: (1) Live birds or live poultry not known to be infected with or exposed to END; (2) Dressed carcasses of birds and poultry, and other dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the birds or poultry, that are not known to be infected with END; (3) Litter used by or manure generated by birds or poultry not known to be infected with END; (4) Eggs, other than hatching eggs, from birds or poultry from flocks not known to be infected with END; (5) Hatching eggs from birds or poultry not known to be infected with or exposed to END; and (6) Cages, coops, containers, troughs, vehicles, or other equipment used for birds, poultry, eggs, manure, or litter. (c) Exceptions. This subpart does not apply to the interstate movement of birds, poultry, or other articles from a quarantined area if the interstate movement is made by the United States Department of Agriculture for purposes of research or diagnosis. (a) Pet birds. An individual may move his or her pet birds interstate from a quarantined area if the birds are not known to be infected with or exposed to END and: (1) The birds are accompanied by a permit obtained in accordance with §82.11; (2) Epidemiological evidence, as described in §82.2(a), indicates that the birds are not infected with any communicable disease; (3) The birds show no clinical signs of sickness (such as diarrhea, nasal discharge, ocular discharge, ruffled feathers, or lack of appetite) during the 90 days before interstate movement; (4) The birds have been maintained apart from other birds and poultry in the quarantined area during the 90 days before interstate movement; (5) The birds have been under the ownership and control of the individual to whom the permit is issued for the 90 days before interstate movement; (6) The birds are moved interstate by the individual to whom the permit is issued; (7) The birds are caged while being moved interstate; (8) The individual to whom the permit is issued maintains ownership and control of the birds and maintains them apart from other birds and poultry from the time they arrive at the place to which the individual is taking them until a Federal representative or State representative3 3 The location of Federal representatives and State representatives may be obtained by writing to Emergency Programs, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 4700 River Road Unit 41, Riverdale, MD 20737–1231. (9) The individual to whom the permit is issued allows Federal representatives and State representatives to examine the birds at any time until they are declared free of END by either a Federal veterinarian or a State veterinarian; (10) Within 24 hours of a bird's dying or showing clinical signs of sickness (such as diarrhea, nasal discharge, ocular discharge, ruffled feathers, or lack of appetite), the individual to whom the permit is issued notifies the veterinarian in charge or the State animal health official4 4 The location of the veterinarian in charge or the State animal health official may be obtained by writing to Emergency Programs, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 4700 River Road Unit 41, Riverdale, MD 203/737–1231, or by referring to the local telephone book. (11) The individual to whom the permit is issued submits copies of the permit so that a copy is received by the State animal health official and the veterinarian in charge for the State of destination within 72 hours of the arrival of the birds at the destination listed on the permit. (b) Other birds and poultry. Except as provided for pet birds in paragraph (a) of this section, a person may move live birds and live poultry that are not known to be infected with or exposed to END interstate from a quarantined area only if: (1) The birds and poultry are accompanied by a permit obtained in accordance with §82.11; (2) The birds or poultry are covered in such a way as to prevent feathers and other debris from blowing or falling off the means of conveyance; (3) The birds or poultry are moved in a means of conveyance either under official seal or are accompanied by a Federal representative; (4) Except for emergencies, the birds or poultry are not unloaded until their arrival at the destination listed on the permit required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section; (5) If poultry, the poultry are moved interstate to a recognized slaughtering establishment5 5 A list of recognized slaughtering establishments in any State may be obtained from a Federal representative, the State animal health official, or a State representative. (6) If birds other than poultry, the birds are moved to a site approved by the Administrator; and (7) The permit required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section is presented upon arrival at the recognized slaughtering establishment or approved site to a State representative or Federal representative. Copies of the permit must also be submitted so that a copy is received by the State animal health official and the veterinarian in charge for the State of destination within 72 hours of arrival at the recognized slaughtering establishment. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section for dressed carcasses, dead birds and dead poultry, including any parts of the birds and poultry, that are not known to be infected with END may be moved interstate from a quarantined area only if: (1) The dead birds and dead poultry are accompanied by a permit obtained in accordance with §82.11; (2) The dead birds and dead poultry are covered in such a way as to prevent feathers and other debris from blowing or falling off the means of conveyance; (3) The dead birds and dead poultry are moved in a means of conveyance either under official seal or accompanied by a Federal representative; (4) The dead birds and dead poultry are not unloaded until their arrival at the destination listed on the permit required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section; (5) The dead birds and dead poultry are moved, without stopping, to the destination listed on the permit required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section, except for normal traffic conditions, such as traffic lights and stop signs; (6) The dead birds and dead poultry are disposed of, within 24 hours after being loaded for interstate movement, by burial or composting in accordance with the procedures set forth in §82.14(c)(1) and (c)(2), or by rendering, incineration, or other means approved by the Administrator as being adequate to prevent the dissemination of END; and (7) Copies of the permit accompanying the dead birds and dead poultry interstate are submitted so that a copy is received by the State animal health official and the veterinarian in charge for the State of destination within 72 hours of the arrival of the dead birds and dead poultry at the destination listed on the permit required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section. (b) Dressed carcasses from birds and poultry that are not known to be infected with END may be moved interstate from a quarantined area only if: (1) The dressed carcasses are from birds or poultry that were slaughtered in a recognized slaughtering establishment;6 6 See footnote 5 to §82.5. (2) The dressed carcasses are accompanied by a permit obtained in accordance with §82.11; (3) The dressed carcasses are moved in a means of conveyance either under official seal or accompanied by a Federal representative; (4) The dressed carcasses are not unloaded until their arrival at the destination listed on the permit required by paragraph (b)(2) of this section; (5) The dressed carcasses are moved, without stopping, to the destination listed on the permit required by paragraph (b)(2) of this section, except for normal traffic conditions, such as traffic lights and stop signs; and (6) Copies of the permit accompanying the dressed carcasses interstate are submitted so that a copy is received by the State animal health official and the veterinarian in charge for the State of destination within 72 hours of the arrival of the dressed carcasses at the destination listed on the permit required by paragraph (b)(2) of this section. Manure generated by and litter used by birds or poultry not known to be infected with END may be moved interstate from a quarantined area only if: (a) The manure and litter is accompanied by a permit obtained in accordance with §82.11; (b) The manure and litter has been heated throughout, in the quarantined area, to a temperature of not less than 175 °F (79.4 °C), and then placed either in a previously unused container or in a container that has been cleaned and disinfected, since last being used, in accordance with part 71 of this chapter; (c) The declaration or affidavit required by §82.11(b) lists the location of the poultry or birds that generated the manure or used the litter, and the name and address of the owner of the poultry or birds that generated the manure or used the litter; and (d) Copies of the permit accompanying the manure and litter interstate are submitted so that a copy is received by the State animal health official and the veterinarian in charge for the State of destination within 72 hours of the arrival of the manure and litter at the destination listed on the permit. (a) Eggs, other than hatching eggs, from birds or poultry from flocks not known to be infected with END may be moved interstate from a quarantined area only if: (1) The eggs are accompanied by a permit obtained in accordance with §82.11; (2) The eggs have been cleaned and sanitized in accordance with 7 CFR part 59; (3) The eggs are packed either in previously unused flats or cases or in used plastic flats or cases that were cleaned and disinfected, since last being used, in accordance with part 71 of this chapter; (4) The eggs are moved to a facility where they are examined to ensure they have been cleaned and sanitized in accordance with paragraph (a)(2) of this section; and (5) Copies of the permit accompanying the eggs interstate are submitted so that a copy is received by both the State animal health official and the veterinarian in charge for the State of destination within 72 hours of the arrival of the eggs at the facility. (b) Any flats or cases intended for reuse after being used to move eggs interstate to a facility under this section must be cleaned and disinfected in accordance with part 71 of this chapter before being moved to a premises where birds or poultry are kept. Hatching eggs from birds or poultry not known to be infected with or exposed to END may be moved interstate from a quarantined area only if: (a) The hatching eggs are accompanied by a permit obtained in accordance with §82.11; (b) Copies of the permit accompanying the hatching eggs are submitted so that a copy is received by both the State animal health official and the veterinarian in charge for the State of destination within 72 hours of the arrival of the hatching eggs at the premises described in paragraph (c) of this section; and (c) The hatching eggs are held in the State of destination at a premises designated jointly by the veterinarian in charge and the State animal health official from the time of arrival until hatch and the birds and poultry hatched from the eggs are held at the designated premises for not less than 30 days following hatch. During this holding period, the eggs and any birds or poultry hatched from the eggs are subject to any inspections, disinfections, and tests as may be required by the Administrator to determine their freedom from END. (a) This section does not apply to cages, coops, or other containers or equipment used by or to move pet birds moved interstate in accordance with §82.5(a). (b) Vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment that have held or that have otherwise been used in a quarantined area in the handling of birds or poultry or their eggs, or for manure generated by or litter used by the birds or poultry, may be moved interstate from a quarantined area only in accordance with the following conditions: (1) They are made of hard plastic or metal, and the other conditions of this section are met; or (2) They are made of a disposable material, such as cardboard, fiber, or waxed cardboard, are previously unused, and are disposed of by incineration without being reused after being moved interstate. (c) Before moving interstate any vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, or other equipment described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, and after using these items to move birds, poultry, eggs, manure, or litter interstate from a quarantined area, the vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment must be cleaned and disinfected in accordance with paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(5) of this section: (1) Clean and disinfect the vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment at the place where the birds, poultry, eggs, manure, and litter are unloaded or where the equipment is used, no more than 2 hours after the birds, poultry, eggs, manure, and litter are unloaded or the equipment is used; (2) Clean the items in accordance with part 71 of this chapter; (3) Have a Federal representative or State representative7 7 See footnote 3 to §82.5. (4) Disinfect the items in the presence of a Federal representative or State representative; and (5) Disinfect the items in accordance with part 71 of this chapter and by using a disinfectant as specified in part 71 of this chapter. (d) If the place where the cleaning and disinfection would otherwise be required has no facilities for cleaning and disinfecting, the items may be moved to a place where facilities are available for cleaning and disinfecting, provided a Federal representative or State representative has determined that such movement will not cause a risk of the spread of END. (e) Vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment that are moved interstate under this section must be accompanied by a permit obtained in accordance with §82.11, and copies of the permit accompanying the vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment interstate must be submitted so that a copy is received by the State animal health official and the veterinarian in charge8 8 See footnote 4 of §82.5. (a) Application for the permits required by this subpart to move interstate from a quarantined area birds, eggs, poultry, or other items requiring a permit under this part must be in writing. The application must be submitted to a Federal representative or State representative and must include the following: (1) The applicant's name and mailing address; (2) The name and mailing address of the person who will receive the birds, eggs, poultry, or other items; (3) The addresses of both the origin and destination of the birds, eggs, poultry, or other items; (4) The number and types of birds, poultry, eggs, and other items intended for interstate movement; and (5) The reason for the interstate movement. (b) In addition to the information required by paragraph (a) of this section, to obtain permits to move birds, poultry, eggs, manure, litter, cages, coops, containers, troughs, vehicles or other equipment interstate from a quarantined area, an applicant for a permit must submit to a Federal representative or State representative a declaration or affidavit listing the requirements of §82.5 for live birds or live poultry, §82.6 for dead birds and dead poultry, §82.7 for litter or manure, §82.8 for eggs other than hatching eggs, §82.9 for hatching eggs, or §82.10 for cages, coops, containers, troughs, vehicles, and other equipment, and stating that the applicant will move the items interstate only if all of the listed requirements are met. (a) A special permit is required for the interstate movement of birds, poultry, or other items whose movement is restricted under this subpart, from a quarantined area in a manner or to a destination other than is specifically prescribed by this subpart, under special conditions determined by the Administrator to be necessary to prevent the dissemination of END. A special permit is required for the disposal of dead birds or dead poultry that are infected with END, or dead birds or dead poultry from flocks infected with END, or manure generated by or eggs from birds or poultry infected with END, in a manner other than is specifically prescribed in this subpart, and for cleaning and disinfection carried out in a manner other than is specifically prescribed in this subpart, under special conditions determined by the Administrator to be necessary to prevent the dissemination of END. To apply for a special permit, contact the veterinarian in charge9 9 See footnote 4 to §82.5. (b) The special permit will list the name and address of the person to whom the special permit is issued, and the special conditions under which the interstate movement, disposal, or cleaning and disinfection may be carried out. (1) For an interstate movement, the special permit will also include the following: (i) The name and mailing address of the person who will receive the birds, poultry, or other items; (ii) The addresses of both the origin and destination of the birds, poultry, or other items; (iii) The number and type of birds, poultry, or other items to be moved interstate; and (iv) The reason for the interstate movement. (2) For destruction or cleaning and disinfection, the special permit will also include the following: (i) The address of the place where the dead birds, dead poultry, manure, or eggs are located; and (ii) The number and type of birds, poultry, or other items involved. (c) For an interstate movement, a copy of the special permit must accompany the items moved, and copies must be submitted so that a copy is received by the State animal health official and the veterinarian in charge for the State of destination within 72 hours of the arrival of the birds, poultry, or other items at the destination listed on the special permit. (a) Denial. If the Administrator determines that the applicant for a permit or special permit is not complying with or could not comply with this subpart or any special conditions needed to prevent the dissemination of END, or, in the case of a special permit, that the special permit is not required under this subpart, the Administrator may deny the request for a permit or special permit. If the request is denied, the Administrator will send the applicant a written notice explaining why the permit or special permit was denied. (b) Withdrawal. The Administrator may withdraw a permit or special permit, orally or in writing, if he or she determines the person to whom the permit or special permit has been issued is violating either this subpart or some condition specified in the permit or special permit. The Administrator may withdraw the permit or special permit without advance notice if he or she determines that the person to whom the permit or special permit has been issued is violating either this subpart or some condition specified in the permit or special permit in a way that threatens the public health, interest, or safety. The Administrator will send the person to whom the permit or special permit has been issued a written explanation of why the permit or special permit is to be or was withdrawn. (c) Appeals. Denial or withdrawal of a permit or special permit may be appealed to the Administrator within 10 days after receipt of the written notice of denial or withdrawal. The appeal must be in writing10 10 Written appeals should be sent to the Administrator, c/o Emergency Programs, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 4700 River Road, Riverdale, MD 20737–1231. An area will be removed from quarantine only when all of the following requirements have been met: (a) All birds and poultry exposed to END in the quarantined area have been found to be free of END; (b) All birds and poultry infected with END in the quarantined area have been euthanized; (c) All birds and poultry, including any parts of the birds and poultry, euthanized in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section, and all birds and poultry in the quarantined area, including any parts of the birds and poultry, that died from any cause other than slaughter, have been buried, reduced to ashes by incineration, rendered, or reduced to dust by composting: (1) If the birds and poultry are buried, all birds and poultry infected with END must be buried in the quarantined area. The birds and poultry must be buried in a location that meets all United States Environmental Protection Agency, State, and local requirements for landfills. They must be buried at least 6 feet deep and be covered at the time of burial with soil; and (2) If the birds and poultry are composted, all birds and poultry infected with END must be composted in the quarantined area. The birds and poultry must be composted according to the following instructions: (i) Place a 1-foot layer of litter and manure in a free-standing composter bin, unless the compost pile will be covered in accordance with paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section. Add a 6-inch layer of straw, peanut hulls, or wood chips. Add a layer of dead birds or dead poultry, leaving 6 inches between the carcasses and the bin walls. Add water sparingly and cover with 6 inches of a dry mixture of litter and manure. Repeat the layering process two more times and cap with a double layer of dry manure cake. After the bin is capped off and covered, monitor the temperature in the compost pile daily, using a 36-inch probe-type thermometer. The temperature of the compost pile must reach at least 140 °F. After 30 days from the date the compost pile is created, turn over to aerate the entire mixture. Allow mixture to reach at least 140 °F once again. After completion of the second cycle, the mixture must remain covered with any material that prevents penetration of air and moisture until spread or otherwise utilized. The composted material may not be spread or otherwise utilized until at least 30 days following completion of the second heating cycle. (ii) Composting of birds and poultry may be accomplished outside of covered bins by following the layering and temperature requirements set forth in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section, then covering the compost pile with tarpaulins or 6-mm polyethylene sheets anchored with tires or straw bales. The mixture must be kept moist. The final product may not be spread or otherwise utilized until at least 30 days following completion of the second heating cycle. (iii) Composting of birds and poultry must be carried out at least 50 yards from any building or pen where poultry and birds are housed and be inaccessible to birds and poultry. Composted material may not be commingled with, or otherwise be brought into contact with, non-composted manure cake; (d) All eggs produced by birds or poultry infected with or exposed to END in the quarantined area have been buried, reduced to ashes by incineration, or rendered. If the eggs are buried, the eggs must be buried in the quarantined area in a location that meets all United States Environmental Protection Agency requirements and all State and local requirements for landfills. The eggs must be buried at least 6 feet deep and be covered at the time of burial with soil; (e) All manure generated by or litter used by birds or poultry infected with or exposed to END in the quarantined area has been reduced to ashes by incineration, or has been buried, composted, or spread on a field and turned under, as follows: (1) Burial. If the manure or litter is buried, the manure and litter must be buried at least 6 feet deep and covered at the time of burial with soil. The manure and litter must be buried in the quarantined area in a location that meets all United States Environmental Protection Agency and State and local requirements for landfills; (2) Composting. If the manure and litter is composted, the manure and litter must be composted in the quarantined area according to the following method: Place the manure and litter in rows 3 to 5 feet high and 5 to 10 feet at the base. The area where the manure, litter, and other material used in composting are placed must be such that there is no runoff from the composted material out of the area, no saturation into the ground, and no moisture, except for that required by this paragraph, onto the composted material from above. The composting area must be at least 50 yards from any building or pen where birds or poultry are housed and be inaccessible to birds and poultry. The manure and litter must be mixed so as to attain a carbon to nitrogen ratio of approximately 30:1, a moisture content of between 40 to 50 percent, and a supply of oxygen to the composted material. If a carbon source other than manure or litter is needed, wood chips, straw, or peanut hulls may be used. The manure and litter must be covered with tarpaulin or 6-mm polyethylene sheets, be anchored with tires or straw bales, and be mixed to ensure adequate ventilation every 10 to 15 days. The composted material must rise to a temperature of 140 °F, as determined by use of a 36-inch probe-type thermometer. The composted material may not be spread or otherwise utilized for at least 30 days from the time the 140 °F temperature is reached; and (3) Spreading and turning under. Spreading and turning under of manure or litter may be used as a means of disposal only if carried out under the direct supervision of a Federal representative or a State representative. If the manure or litter is spread on a field and turned under, the field must be in the quarantined area, at least 50 yards away from any building or pen where poultry or birds are housed, and inaccessible to birds and poultry. The manure or litter must be turned under within 24 hours of being spread on the field, and the field must be left undisturbed for at least 30 days; (f) All vehicles with which the birds or poultry infected with or exposed to END or their excrement or litter have had physical contact have been cleaned and disinfected in accordance with part 71 of this chapter. The vehicles have been inspected after cleaning, and before disinfection, by a Federal representative or State representative, and then have been disinfected in the presence of a Federal representative or State representative with a disinfectant listed in part 71 of this chapter; (g) All cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment used for birds or poultry infected with or exposed to END, or their excrement or litter have been reduced to ashes by incineration, or have been cleaned and disinfected in accordance with part 71 of this chapter. The items must be inspected after cleaning, and before disinfection, by a Federal representative or State representative, and then must be disinfected in the presence of a Federal representative or State representative, with a disinfectant listed in part 71 of this chapter; and (h) The premises where birds or poultry infected with or exposed to END were located have been cleaned and disinfected in accordance with part 71 of this chapter. The premises have been inspected after cleaning, and before disinfection, by a Federal representative or State representative, and then have been disinfected in the presence of a Federal representative or State representative with a disinfectant listed in part 71 of this chapter. Birds and poultry that have been destroyed because of a quarantine for END may not be replaced by birds or poultry moved interstate into the quarantined area until the Administrator decides that END has been eradicated and that replacement birds or poultry will not become infected with END. When, in accordance with sec. 10407 of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8306), the Secretary of Agriculture determines that an extraordinary emergency exists because of END, the regulations in this subpart regarding interstate movement shall be applicable to intrastate movement within any State or portion of a State subject to the Secretary's declaration of extraordinary emergency until such time as the Secretary terminates that declaration. [68 FR 1517, Jan. 13, 2003] As used in connection with this subpart, the following terms shall have the meaning set forth in this section. Accredited veterinarian. A veterinarian approved by the Administrator in accordance with part 161 of this chapter to perform functions specified in subchapters B, C, and D of this chapter. Administrator. The Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service or any individual authorized to act for the Administrator. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Bird. Any member of the class aves other than poultry. Chlamydiosis. A contagious bacterial disease of birds and poultry, characterized by respiratory and systemic infection. The disease is also known as psittacosis in psittacine birds and as ornithosis in poultry. Federal representative. An individual employed and authorized by the Federal government to perform the tasks required by this subpart. Federal veterinarian. A veterinarian employed and authorized by the Federal government to perform the tasks required by this subpart. Infected. Affected by the virus or bacterium that causes the specified disease. Interstate. From one State into or through any other State. Moved. Shipped, transported or otherwise moved, or delivered or received for movement, by any person. Person. Any individual, corporation, company, association, firm, partnership, society, joint stock company, or other legal entity. Poultry. Chickens, doves, ducks, geese, grouse, guinea fowl, partridges, pea fowl, pheasants, pigeons, quail, swans, and turkeys. State. Each of the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, the Virgin Islands of the United States, or any other territory or possession of the United States. State animal health official. The State official responsible for livestock- and poultry-disease control and eradication programs. State representative. An individual employed in animal health work and authorized by a State or political subdivision of a State to perform the tasks required by this subpart. Veterinarian in charge. A Federal veterinarian employed by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and authorized by the Administrator to supervise and manage the animal health work of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service in a specified area of the United States. The following items may not be moved interstate: (a) Live poultry infected with chlamydiosis; (b) Dead poultry that were infected with chlamydiosis when they died, and parts of dead poultry that were infected with chlamydiosis when they died; and (c) Offal from poultry infected with chlamydiosis. (a) Before moving vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment interstate that have held or have otherwise been used in the handling of poultry infected with chlamydiosis, and after using these items to move poultry infected with chlamydiosis interstate, the vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment must be cleaned and disinfected in accordance with paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of this section: (1) Clean and disinfect the vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment at the place where the poultry are unloaded or where the equipment is used, no more than 2 hours after the poultry infected with chlamydiosis are unloaded or the equipment is used; (2) Clean the items in accordance with part 71 of this chapter; (3) Have a Federal representative, State representative,1 1 See footnote 3 to §82.5. (4) Disinfect the items in the presence of a Federal representative, State representative, or an accredited veterinarian; and (5) Disinfect the items in accordance with part 71 of this chapter and by using a disinfectant as specified in part 71 of this chapter. (b) If the place where the cleaning and disinfection would otherwise be required has no facilities for cleaning and disinfecting, the items may be moved to a place where facilities are available for cleaning and disinfecting, provided a Federal representative or State representative has determined that such movement will not cause a risk of the spread of chlamydiosis. (c) Vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment moved interstate under this section must be accompanied by a permit obtained in accordance with §82.23, and copies of the permit accompanying the vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment interstate must be submitted so that a copy is received by both the State animal health official and the veterinarian in charge2 2 See footnote 4 to §82.5. Premises that contained poultry that were infected with chlamydiosis must be cleaned and disinfected in accordance with this section before any poultry are moved interstate onto the premises. (a) The premises must be cleaned in accordance with part 71 of this chapter; (b) After being cleaned, the premises must be inspected by a Federal representative, State representative, or an accredited veterinarian; and (c) After being inspected, the premises must be disinfected in the presence of a Federal representative, State representative, or an accredited veterinarian, in accordance with part 71 of this chapter, using a disinfectant listed in part 71 of this chapter. (a) Application for the permit required by this subpart to move vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, or other equipment interstate must be in writing, and must be submitted to a Federal representative or State representative. The application must include the following: (1) The applicant's name and mailing address; (2) The name and mailing address of the person who will receive the items; (3) The addresses of both the origin and destination of the items; (4) The number and types of items intended for interstate movement; and (5) The reason for the interstate movement. (b) Exceptions. This subpart does not apply to the interstate movement of poultry, vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, or other equipment or material if the interstate movement is made by the United States Department of Agriculture for the purposes of research or diagnosis. (a) A special permit is required for the interstate movement of items whose movement interstate is restricted under this subpart in a manner or to a destination other than is specifically prescribed by this subpart. A special permit is required for the disinfection of vehicles, premises, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment by a method other than is specifically prescribed by this subpart. To apply for a special permit, contact the veterinarian in charge for the State in which the items are located. The Administrator may, at his or her discretion, issue special permits if he or she determines the activity authorized will not increase the risk of spreading chlamydiosis interstate. (b) The special permit will list the name and address of the person to whom the special permit is issued, and the special conditions under which the interstate movement, or cleaning and disinfection, may be carried out. (1) For an interstate movement, the special permit will also include the following: (i) The name and mailing address of the person who will receive the items; (ii) The addresses of both the origin and destination of the items; (iii) The number and type of items to be moved interstate; and (iv) The reason for the interstate movement. (2) For cleaning and disinfection, the special permit will also include the following: (i) The address of the place where the items are located; and (ii) The number and type of items involved. (c) For an interstate movement, a copy of the special permit must accompany the items moved, and copies must be submitted so that a copy is received by both the State animal health official and the veterinarian in charge for the State of destination within 72 hours of the arrival of the items at the destination listed on the special permit. (a) Denial. If the Administrator determines that the applicant for a permit or special permit is not complying with or could not comply with this subpart or any special conditions needed to prevent the spread of chlamydiosis, or, in the case of a special permit, that the special permit is not required under this subpart, the Administrator may deny the request for a permit or special permit. If the request is denied, the Administrator will send the applicant a written notice explaining why the permit or special permit was denied. (b) Withdrawal. The Administrator may withdraw a permit or special permit, orally or in writing, if he or she determines the person to whom the permit or special permit has been issued is violating either this subpart or some condition specified in the permit or special permit. The Administrator may withdraw the permit or special permit without advance notice if he or she determines that the person to whom the permit or special permit has been issued is violating either this subpart or some condition specified in the permit or special permit in a way that threatens the public health, interest, or safety. The Administrator will send the person to whom the permit or special permit has been issued a written explanation of why the permit or special permit is to be or was withdrawn. (c) Appeals. Denial or withdrawal of a permit or special permit may be appealed to the Administrator within 10 days after receipt of the written notice of denial or withdrawal. The appeal must be in writing3 3 See footnote 10 to §82.13.
Title 9: Animals and Animal Products
PART 82—EXOTIC NEWCASTLE DISEASE (END) AND CHLAMYDIOSIS
Section Contents
§ 82.1 Definitions.
§ 82.2 Criteria for determining birds or poultry to be infected with, exposed to, or free from END.
§ 82.3 Quarantined areas.
§ 82.4 General provisions.
§ 82.5 Interstate movement of live birds and live poultry from a quarantined area.
§ 82.6 Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area.
§ 82.7 Interstate movement of manure and litter from a quarantined area.
§ 82.8 Interstate movement of eggs, other than hatching eggs, from a quarantined area.
§ 82.9 Interstate movement of hatching eggs from a quarantined area.
§ 82.10 Interstate movement of vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment from a quarantined area.
§ 82.11 Issuance of permits.
§ 82.12 Other interstate movements and special permits.
§ 82.13 Denial and withdrawal of permits and special permits.
§ 82.14 Removal of quarantine.
§ 82.15 Replacement birds and poultry.
§ 82.16 Extraordinary emergencies; applicability of regulations.
§ 82.19 Definitions.
§ 82.20 General restrictions.
§ 82.21 Vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment used for infected poultry.
§ 82.22 Cleaning and disinfecting premises.
§ 82.23 Issuance of permits.
§ 82.24 Other interstate movements and special permits.
§ 82.25 Denial and withdrawal of permits and special permits.
Subpart A—Exotic Newcastle Disease (END)
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§ 82.1 Definitions.
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§ 82.2 Criteria for determining birds or poultry to be infected with, exposed to, or free from END.
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§ 82.3 Quarantined areas.
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§ 82.4 General provisions.
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§ 82.5 Interstate movement of live birds and live poultry from a quarantined area.
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§ 82.6 Interstate movement of dead birds and dead poultry from a quarantined area.
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§ 82.7 Interstate movement of manure and litter from a quarantined area.
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§ 82.8 Interstate movement of eggs, other than hatching eggs, from a quarantined area.
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§ 82.9 Interstate movement of hatching eggs from a quarantined area.
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§ 82.10 Interstate movement of vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment from a quarantined area.
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§ 82.11 Issuance of permits.
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§ 82.12 Other interstate movements and special permits.
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§ 82.13 Denial and withdrawal of permits and special permits.
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§ 82.14 Removal of quarantine.
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§ 82.15 Replacement birds and poultry.
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§ 82.16 Extraordinary emergencies; applicability of regulations.
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Subpart B—Chlamydiosis in Poultry
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§ 82.19 Definitions.
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§ 82.20 General restrictions.
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§ 82.21 Vehicles, cages, coops, containers, troughs, and other equipment used for infected poultry.
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§ 82.22 Cleaning and disinfecting premises.
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§ 82.23 Issuance of permits.
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§ 82.24 Other interstate movements and special permits.
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§ 82.25 Denial and withdrawal of permits and special permits.
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