§ 2101. — Statement of purpose.
[Laws in effect as of January 24, 2002]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 24, 2002 and December 19, 2002]
[CITE: 22USC2101]
TITLE 22--FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
CHAPTER 30--INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH
Sec. 2101. Statement of purpose
It is the purpose of this chapter--
(1) to advance the status of the health sciences in the United
States and thereby the health of the American people through
cooperative endeavors with other countries in health research, and
research training; and
(2) to advance the international status of the health sciences
through cooperative enterprises in health research, research
planning, and research training.
(Pub. L. 86-610, Sec. 2, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 364.)
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ``this joint
resolution'', which enacted this chapter and section 308 of the Public
Health Service Act (act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682). Such
section 308 was redesignated section 307 by Pub. L. 93-353, July 23,
1974, title I, Sec. 106, 88 Stat. 367, and is classified to section 242l
of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
Recital
Pub. L. 86-610 provided that:
``Whereas it is recognized that disease and disability are the
common enemies of all nations and peoples, and that the means, methods,
and techniques for combating and abating the ravages of disease and
disability and for improving the health and health standards of man
should be sought and shared, without regard to national boundaries and
divisions; and
``Whereas advances in combating and abating disease and in the
positive promotion of human health can be stimulated by supporting and
encouraging cooperation among scientists, research workers, and teachers
on an international basis, with consequent benefit to the health of our
people and of all peoples; and
``Whereas there already exist tested means for international
cooperation in matters relating to health, including the World Health
Organization, the Pan American Health Organization, and the United
Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), with which the United States is
identified and associated, and it is highly desirable that the United
States establish domestic machinery for the maximum mobilization of its
health research resources, the more efficiently to cooperate with and
support the research, research-training and research-planning endeavors
of such international organizations: Therefore be it * * *''.
Short Title
Section 1 of Pub. L. 86-610 provided that: ``This joint resolution
[enacting this chapter and section 242l of Title 42, The Public Health
and Welfare] may be cited as the `International Health Research Act of
1960'.''
Swine Influenza Study
Pub. L. 94-302, title III, Sec. 301, May 31, 1976, 90 Stat. 596,
provided that:
``(a) The Congress finds and declares that--
``(1) the problems posed by swine influenza transcend national
and political boundaries;
``(2) no one country, or even one portion of the world, can
singularly undertake the search for a worldwide solution to the
problems posed by swine influenza;
``(3) the global nature of swine influenza demands international
cooperation and coordination in the investigation and planning for
effective control of swine influenza;
``(4) the Public Health Service of the United States has invited
the World Health Organization of the United Nations and its
International Influenza Reference Centers to participate in the
investigation and planning for the control of swine influenza;
``(5) special collaboration has already been established among
the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada for mutual
participation in the investigation and planning for the control of
swine influenza;
``(6) the United States Department of State and the Public
Health Service of the United States have joint programs to provide
information to foreign countries on the nature and extent of swine
influenza and the methods necessary to control it; and
``(7) the technology of the United States for the surveillance
of virus disease and vaccine production should be made available to
foreign countries.
``(b) It is the sense of the Congress that the President should
furnish assistance to foreign countries and international organizations
for the investigation and planning for the control of swine influenza.''
Ex. Ord. No. 13193. Federal Leadership on Global Tobacco Control and
Prevention
Ex. Ord. No. 13193, Jan. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 7387, provided:
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and
the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as
follows:
Section 1. Policy. It shall be the policy of the executive branch to
take strong action to address the potential global epidemic of diseases
caused by tobacco use. The executive branch shall undertake activities
to increase its capacity to address global tobacco prevention and
control issues through coordinated domestic action, limited bilateral
assistance to individual nations, and support to multilateral
organizations. International activities shall be directed towards
deterring children from tobacco use, protecting nonsmokers, and
providing information about the adverse health effects of tobacco use
and the health benefits of cessation.
Sec. 2. Responsibilities of Federal Departments and Agencies. (a)
Tobacco Trade Policy. In the implementation of international trade
policy, executive departments and agencies shall not promote the sale or
export of tobacco or tobacco products, or seek the reduction or removal
of foreign government restrictions on the marketing and advertising of
such products, provided that such restrictions are applied equally to
all tobacco or tobacco products of the same type. Departments and
agencies are not precluded from taking necessary actions in accordance
with the requirements and remedies available under applicable United
States trade laws and international agreements to ensure
nondiscriminatory treatment of United States products. Nothing in this
Executive Order shall be construed (1) to modify the annual executive
branch guidance to United States diplomatic posts on health, trade, and
commercial aspects of tobacco, or (2) to affect any negotiating position
of the United States on the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
(b) The Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) Role in
Tobacco Trade Policy Deliberations. The HHS shall be included in all
deliberations of interagency working groups, chaired by the United
States Trade Representative (USTR), that address issues relating to
trade in tobacco and tobacco products. Through such participation, HHS
shall advise the USTR, and other interested Federal agencies, of the
potential public health impact of any tobacco-related trade action that
is under consideration. Upon conclusion of a trade agreement that
includes provisions specifically addressing tobacco or tobacco products,
the USTR shall produce and make publicly available a summary describing
those provisions.
(c) International Tobacco Control Needs Assessment. The HHS, with
the cooperation of the Departments of State, Commerce, and Agriculture,
and in consultation with the appropriate national Ministry of Health,
shall conduct a pilot assessment of tobacco use in a country other than
the United States. Such assessment will be carried out through a
compilation and review of surveys and other needs assessments already
available and include:
(1) initial estimates of the burden of disease and other public
health consequences of tobacco use;
(2) the status of tobacco control regulatory measures in place to
curtail tobacco consumption and tobacco related disease; and
(3) an analysis of the marketing, distribution, and manufacturing
practices of tobacco companies in given regions, and the impact of those
practices on smoking rates, particularly among women and children. Such
assessment shall be prepared and provided to interested agencies and
other parties not later than December 31, 2001, and be updated as
practicable.
(d) Research and Training in Tobacco Control. The HHS will develop a
research and training program linking institutions in the United States
and certain other countries in the field of tobacco control. Emphasis
will be placed on the collection of standardized and comparable
surveillance data; networks for communication, information and best
practices; and the development and evaluation of culturally-targeted
approaches to preventing tobacco use and increasing quit rates,
especially among women and children.
Sec. 3. General. (a) Executive departments and agencies shall carry
out the provisions of this order to the extent permitted by law and
consistent with their statutory and regulatory authorities and their
enforcement mechanisms.
(b) This order clarifies and strengthens Administration policy and
does not create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural,
enforceable at law by a party against the United States, its officers or
employees, or any other person.
William J. Clinton.
Section Referred to in Other Sections
This section is referred to in sections 2102, 2103 of this title.
