§ 2455. — Appropriations.
[Laws in effect as of January 24, 2002]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 24, 2002 and December 19, 2002]
[CITE: 22USC2455]
TITLE 22--FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
CHAPTER 33--MUTUAL EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM
Sec. 2455. Appropriations
(a) Availability
Amounts appropriated to carry out the purposes of this chapter are
authorized to be made available until expended.
(b) Acquisition of foreign currencies
Funds appropriated for programs under this chapter may, without
regard to section 3651 \1\ of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 543), be
used for the acquisition from any source of foreign currencies in such
amounts as may be necessary for current expenditures and for grants,
including grants to foundations and commissions in accordance with
international agreements providing for the accomplishment of the
purposes of this chapter.
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\1\ See References in Text note below.
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(c) Transfer of funds
Moneys appropriated to any department or agency of the Government in
furtherance of the purposes of this chapter for research, technical aid,
and educational and cultural programs, may be transferred by the
President to any other appropriation available for like purposes, but no
appropriation authorized by this chapter shall be increased or decreased
by more than 10 per centum by reason of transfers pursuant to this
subsection.
(d) Reserve and use of certain funds
The President is authorized--
(1) to reserve in such amounts and for such periods as he shall
determine to be necessary to provide for the programs authorized by
subsections (a)(1), (2)(i) of section 2452 of this title, and
(2) notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, to use in
such amounts as may from time to time be specified in appropriation
Acts, to the extent that such use is not restricted by agreement
with the foreign nations concerned, for any programs authorized by
this chapter,
any currencies of foreign nations received or to be received by the
United States or any agency thereof--
(i) under agreements disposing of surplus property or settling
lend-lease and other war accounts concluded after World War II;
(ii) as the proceeds of sales or loan repayments, including
interest, for transactions heretofore or hereafter effected under
the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, as
amended [7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.];
(iii) in repayment of principal or interest on any other credit
extended or loan heretofore or hereafter made by the United States
or any agency thereof; or
(iv) as deposits to the account of the United States pursuant to
section 1513(b)(6) \1\ or section 1513(h) \1\ of this title, or any
similar provision of any other law.
(e) Reservation and use of sums due or paid by the Republic of Finland
The Director of the United States Information Agency is further
authorized to reserve and use for educational and cultural exchange
programs and other activities authorized in subsections (a) and (b) of
section 2452 of this title, in relation to Finland and the people of
Finland, all sums due or paid on and after August 24, 1949, by the
Republic of Finland to the United States as interest on or in retirement
of the principal of the debt incurred under the Act of February 25,
1919, as refunded by the agreement dated May 1, 1923, pursuant to the
authority contained in the Act of February 9, 1922, or of any other
indebtedness incurred by that Republic and owing to the United States as
a result of World War I.
(f) Contribution of funds, property, and services by foreign
governments, international organizations, and private
individuals, firms, associations, and agencies
Foreign governments, international organizations and private
individuals, firms, associations, agencies, and other groups shall be
encouraged to participate to the maximum extent feasible in carrying out
this chapter and to make contributions of funds, property, and services
which the President is authorized to accept, to be utilized to carry out
the purposes of this chapter. Funds made available for the purposes of
this chapter may be used to contribute toward meeting the expenses of
activities carried out through normal private channels, by private
means, and through foreign governments and international organizations.
(g) Currency exchanges
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, there are
authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of making currency
exchanges under section 2452(b)(10) of this title, not to exceed
$10,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, and not to exceed
$15,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969.
(Pub. L. 87-256, Sec. 105, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 531; Pub. L. 89-698,
title II, Sec. 203(c), Oct. 29, 1966, 80 Stat. 1072; 1977 Reorg. Plan
No. 2, Sec. 7(a)(2), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637; Pub. L. 97-241, title
III, Sec. 303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291; Pub. L. 103-236, title
II, Sec. 227, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 423.)
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) to (d), (f), and (g), was
in the original ``this Act'', meaning Pub. L. 87-256, Sept. 21, 1961, 75
Stat. 527, as amended, known as the Mutual Educational and Cultural
Exchange Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the
Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2451 of this title and
Tables.
Section 3651 of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 543), referred to in
subsec. (b), was repealed by Pub. L. 97-258, Sec. 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982,
96 Stat. 1068, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and
Finance.
The Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, as
amended, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(ii), is act July 10, 1954, ch.
469, 68 Stat. 454, as amended, which is classified principally to
chapter 41 (Sec. 1691 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete
classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out
under section 1691 of Title 7 and Tables.
Sections 1513(b)(6) and 1513(h) of this title, referred to in
subsec. (d)(2)(iv), were repealed by act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title
V, Sec. 542(a), 68 Stat. 861.
The acts of February 25, 1919, and February 9, 1922, referred to in
subsec. (e), are not classified to the Code.
Amendments
1994--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-236 amended subsec. (a) generally.
Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: ``Appropriations to
carry out the purposes of this chapter, to remain available until
expended, are authorized, and this authorization includes the authority
to grant, in any appropriation Act, the authority to enter into
contracts, within the amounts so authorized, creating obligations in
advance of appropriations.''
1966--Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 89-698 added subsec. (g).
Transfer of Functions
United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of
Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions
transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this
title. ``Director of the United States Information Agency'' substituted
for ``Director of the International Communication Agency'' in subsec.
(e), pursuant to section 303(b) of Pub. L. 97-241, title III, Aug. 24,
1982, 96 Stat. 291, set out as a note under section 1461 of this title.
Previously, ``Director of the International Communication Agency''
substituted for ``President'' in subsec. (e), pursuant to Reorg. Plan
No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 7(a)(2), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637, set out under
section 1461 of this title, effective on or before July 1, 1978, at such
time as specified by President, which transferred functions vested in
President, Secretary of State, Department of State, United States
Information Agency or Director thereof, under this chapter, to Director
of International Communication Agency, except (A) for such functions as
are vested by subsecs. (a), (b), and (c) of this section, sections
2452(b)(6), (10), 2454(a), (e)(1), (2), (f), (g), 2456(a) and 2458 of
this title, (B) for such functions as are vested by subsecs. (d)(2) and
(f) of this section, sections 2454(b) and 2456(d), (f) of this title, to
the extent that such functions were assigned to Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare [now Secretary of Education] immediately prior to
effective date of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, and (C) for such functions
as are vested by section 2456(b), (c) of this title to the extent that
any such function therein is vested in President or Secretary of State.
Delegation of Functions
Functions of President under this section delegated to Secretary of
State, Director of United States Information Agency, Secretary of
Commerce, and Secretary of Education, see Ex. Ord. No. 11034, June 25,
1962, 27 F.R. 6071, set out as a note under section 2454 of this title.
Increase in Grants for Exchange-of-Persons Activities; Funds for
Specific Programs, Reductions, Other Use of Funds, Report to
Congressional Committees
Pub. L. 97-241, title III, Sec. 305(c), (d), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat.
294, provided that the amount obligated by United States Information
Agency each fiscal year for grants for exchange-of-persons activities
should be increased, through regular annual increases, so that by fiscal
year 1986 the amount obligated for such grants would at least double (in
terms of constant dollars) the amount obligated for such grants for
fiscal year 1982 and in furtherance of this purpose provided for
appropriations for the United States Information Agency for fiscal year
1983.
Section Referred to in Other Sections
This section is referred to in sections 2362, 2452b of this title.
