§ 5801. — Definition of independent states.
[Laws in effect as of January 24, 2002]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 24, 2002 and December 19, 2002]
[CITE: 22USC5801]
TITLE 22--FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
CHAPTER 67--FREEDOM FOR RUSSIA AND EMERGING EURASIAN DEMOCRACIES AND
OPEN MARKETS SUPPORT
Sec. 5801. Definition of independent states
For purposes of this Act, the terms ``independent states of the
former Soviet Union'' and ``independent states'' mean the following:
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova,
Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
(Pub. L. 102-511, Sec. 3, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3321.)
References in Text
This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 102-511, Oct. 24, 1992,
106 Stat. 3320, as amended, known as the Freedom for Russia and Emerging
Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992 and also as
the FREEDOM Support Act. For complete classification of this Act to the
Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.
Short Title of 1993 Amendment
Pub. L. 103-199, Sec. 1, Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2317, provided
that: ``This Act [amending sections 295, 2301, 2364, 2370, 2460, 2461,
2578, 2591, 2592, 2595, 2799c, 2799d, 4501 to 4504, 4702, and 4901 of
this title, section 4101 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 1151
and 1152 of Title 16, Conservation, section 951 of Title 18, Crimes and
Criminal Procedure, section 783 of Title 50, War and National Defense,
and sections 2401 and 2402 of Title 50, Appendix, repealing sections
254c-2, 2592a, and 2592b of this title, sections 781, 782, 784, 785, 788
to 795, and 798 of Title 50, and section 2403-1 of Title 50, Appendix,
enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 113
and 2431 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 2402 of Title 50,
Appendix, amending provisions set out as notes under section 4501 of
this title, section 113 of Title 10, section 2901 of Title 15, and
section 1003 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works,
and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 287, 2151,
2293, 2458, and 4301 of this title, section 1307 of Title 19, Customs
Duties, and section 781 of Title 50] may be cited as the `Act For Reform
In Emerging New Democracies and Support and Help for Improved
Partnership with Russia, Ukraine, and Other New Independent States' or
as the `FRIENDSHIP Act'.''
Short Title
Section 1 of Pub. L. 102-511 provided that: ``This Act [enacting
this chapter and sections 282m, 282n, 286e-1l, 286e-5b, 286e-13, 286ll,
286mm, 288j, 2295 to 2295c, and 5402 of this title, amending sections
262d, 2370, 2507, and 4903 of this title and sections 1736o, 3293, 5602,
5621, 5622, and 5651 of Title 7, Agriculture, enacting provisions set
out as notes under sections 2295a, 2452, 2753, 4903, and 5812 of this
title, section 5621 of Title 7, and section 955 of Title 18, Crimes and
Criminal Procedure, amending provisions set out as notes under section
2452 of this title, section 5622 of Title 7, and sections 1157 and 1255
of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, and repealing provisions set out as
a note under section 2452 of this title] may be cited as the `Freedom
for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support
Act of 1992' or the `FREEDOM Support Act'.''
Policy of Friendship and Cooperation
Pub. L. 103-199, title I, Secs. 101-103, Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat.
2318, 2319, provided that:
``SEC. 101. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE.
``The purpose of this Act [see Short Title of 1993 Amendment note
above] is to amend or repeal numerous statutory provisions that restrict
or otherwise impede normal relations between the United States and the
Russian Federation, Ukraine, and the other independent states of the
former Soviet Union. All of the statutory provisions amended or repealed
by this Act were relevant and appropriate at the time of enactment, but
with the end of the Cold War, they have become obsolete. It is not the
purpose of this Act to rewrite or erase history, or to forget those who
suffered in the past from the injustices or repression of communist
regimes in the Soviet Union, but rather to update United States law to
reflect changed international circumstances and to demonstrate for
reformers and democrats in the independent states of the former Soviet
Union the resolve of the people of the United States to support the
process of democratic and economic reform and to conduct business with
those states in a new spirit of friendship and cooperation.
``SEC. 102. FINDINGS.
``The Congress finds and declares as follows:
``(1) The Vancouver Declaration issued by President Clinton and
President Yeltsin in April 1993 marked a new milestone in the
development of the spirit of cooperation and partnership between the
United States and Russia. The Congress affirms its support for the
principles contained in the Vancouver Declaration.
``(2) The Vancouver Declaration underscored that--
``(A) a dynamic and effective partnership between the United
States and Russia is vital to the success of Russia's historic
transformation;
``(B) the rapid integration of Russia into the community of
democratic nations and the world economy is important to the
national interest of the United States; and
``(C) cooperation between the United States and Russia is
essential to the peaceful resolution of international conflicts
and the promotion of democratic values, the protection of human
rights, and the solution of global problems such as
environmental pollution, terrorism, and narcotics trafficking.
``(3) The Congress enacted the FREEDOM Support Act (Public Law
102-511) [see Short Title note above], as well as other legislation
such as the Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991 (title II of
Public Law 102-228) [22 U.S.C. 2551 note] and the Former Soviet
Union Demilitarization Act of 1992 (title XIV of Public Law 102-484)
[22 U.S.C. 5901 et seq.], to help meet the historic opportunities
and challenges presented by the transformation that has taken place,
and is continuing to take place, in what once was the Soviet Union.
``(4) The process of reform in Russia, Ukraine, and the other
independent states of the former Soviet Union is ongoing. The
holding of a referendum in Russia on April 25, 1993, that was free
and fair, and that reflected the support of the Russian people for
the process of continued and strengthened democratic and economic
reform, represents an important and encouraging hallmark in this
ongoing process.
``(5) There remain in force many United States laws that are
relics of the Cold War, and repeals or revisions of these provisions
can play an important role in efforts to foster and strengthen the
bonds of trust and friendship, as well as mutually beneficial trade
and economic relations, between the United States and Russia, the
United States and Ukraine, and the United States and the other
independent states of the former Soviet Union.
``SEC. 103. STATUTORY PROVISIONS THAT HAVE BEEN APPLICABLE TO THE SOVIET
UNION.
``(a) In General.--There are numerous statutory provisions that were
enacted in the context of United States relations with a country, the
Soviet Union, that are fundamentally different from the relations that
now exist between the United States and Russia, between the United
States and Ukraine, and between the United States and the other
independent states of the former Soviet Union.
``(b) Extent of Such Provisions.--Many of the provisions referred to
in subsection (a) imposed limitations specifically with respect to the
Soviet Union, and its constituent republics, or utilized language that
reflected the tension that existed between the United States and the
Soviet Union at the time of their enactment. Other such provisions did
not refer specifically to the Soviet Union, but nonetheless were
directed (or may be construed as having been directed) against the
Soviet Union on the basis of the relations that formerly existed between
the United States and the Soviet Union, particularly in its role as the
leading communist country.
``(c) Findings and Affirmation.--The Congress finds and affirms that
provisions such as those described in this section, including--
``(1) section 216 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act
of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 4316),
``(2) sections 136 [22 U.S.C. 3943 note] and 804 [99 Stat. 449]
of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and
1987 (Public Law 99-93),
``(3) section 1222 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act,
Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 (Public Law 100-204; 101 Stat. 1411
[1414]),
``(4) the Multilateral Export Control Enhancement Amendments Act
[see Short Title of 1988 Amendment note set out under section 2410
of Title 50, App., War and National Defense] (50 [App.] U.S.C. 2410
note, et seq.),
``(5) the joint resolution providing for the designation of
`Captive Nations Week' (Public Law 86-90) [73 Stat. 212],
``(6) the Communist Control Act of 1954 (Public Law 83-637) [see
Short Title note set out under section 781 of Title 50],
``(7) provisions in the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1101 et seq.), including sections 101(a)(40), 101(e)(3), and
313(a)(3) [8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(40), (e)(3), 1424(a)(3)],
``(8) section 2 of the joint resolution entitled `A joint
resolution to promote peace and stability in the Middle East',
approved March 9, 1957 (Public Law 85-7) [22 U.S.C. 1961 et seq.],
and
``(9) section 43 of the Bretton Woods Agreements Act (22 U.S.C.
286aa),
should not be construed as being directed against Russia, Ukraine, or
the other independent states of the former Soviet Union, connoting an
adversarial relationship between the United States and the independent
states, or signifying or implying in any manner unfriendliness toward
the independent states.''
Definitions for Pub. L. 103-199
Pub. L. 103-199, Sec. 3, Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2318, provided
that: ``As used in this Act [see Short Title of 1993 Amendment note
above] (including the amendments made by this Act), the terms
`independent states of the former Soviet Union' and `independent states'
have the meaning given those terms by section 3 of the Freedom for
Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of
1992 (22 U.S.C. 5801).''
Act Referred to in Other Sections
The Freedom for Russian and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open
Markets Support Act of 1992, also known as the FREEDOM Support Act, is
referred to in sections 2152a, 2296e, 2349bb-4, 2421d, 2460, 5958 of
this title.
Section Referred to in Other Sections
This section is referred to in sections 262d, 282m, 2295b, 6036 of
this title; title 20 section 6715; title 50 sections 2302, 2357a.
