US LAWS, STATUTES & CODES ON-LINE

This subchapter is referred to in title 10 section 2645.

§ 1281. Definitions

As used in this subchapter--

(a) The term "American vessels" includes any vessel registered, enrolled, or licensed under the laws of the United States and any undocumented vessel owned or chartered by or made available to the United States or any department or agency thereof and any tug or barge or other watercraft (documented or undocumented) owned by a citizen of the United States used in essential water transportation or in the fishing trade or industry, except watercraft used exclusively in or for sport fishing.

(b) The term "transportation in the water-borne commerce of the United States" includes the operation of vessels in the fishing trade or industry, except watercraft used exclusively in or for sport fishing.

(c) The term "war risks" includes to such extent as the Secretary may determine all or any part of those losses which are excluded from marine insurance coverage under a "free of capture and seizure" clause, or analogous clauses.

(d) The term "citizen of the United States" includes corporations, partnerships, and associations existing, authorized, or organized under the laws of the United States or any State, district, Territory, or possession thereof.

(e) The term "Secretary" shall mean the Secretary of Transportation.

(June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title XII, § 1201, as added Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 906, 64 Stat. 773; amended Pub. L. 97-31, § 12(138), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 166.)

1981--Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97-31 substituted "Secretary of Transportation" for "Secretary of Commerce".

§ 1282. Authority to provide insurance; consideration of risk

(a) Authorization, approval, and consultation; criteria

The Secretary, with the approval of the President, and after such consultation with interested agencies of the Government as the President may require, may provide insurance and reinsurance against loss or damage by war risks in the manner and to the extent provided in this subchapter, whenever it appears to the Secretary that such insurance adequate for the needs of the water-borne commerce of the United States cannot be obtained on reasonable terms and conditions from companies authorized to do an insurance business in a State of the United States.

(b) Consideration of risk

Any insurance or reinsurance issued under any of the provisions of this subchapter shall be based, insofar as practicable, upon consideration of the risk involved.

(c) Condition of availability in time of war or national emergency

Insurance and reinsurance for vessels may be provided by the Secretary under this subchapter only on the condition that such vessels be available for the United States in time of war or national emergency.

(June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title XII, § 1202, as added Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 906, 64 Stat. 773; amended Pub. L. 101-115, § 7(a), Oct. 13, 1989, 103 Stat. 694.)

1989--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101-115 added subsec. (c).

Memorandum of the President of the United States, Aug. 29, 1990, 55 F.R. 36257, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Transportation

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including 3 U.S.C. 301 and section 1202 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as amended (Act), 46 U.S.C. App. 1282, I hereby:

approve the provision by the Secretary of Transportation of insurance or reinsurance of vessels (including cargoes and crew) entering the Middle East region against loss or damage by war risks in the manner and to the extent provided in Title XII of the Act, 46 U.S.C. App. 1281, et seq., for purposes of responding to the current crisis in the Middle East, whenever, after consultation with the Department of State, it appears to the Secretary of Transportation that such insurance adequate for the needs of the waterborne commerce of the United States cannot be obtained on reasonable terms and conditions from companies authorized to do an insurance business in a State of the United States. This approval is effective for sixty days. I hereby delegate to the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Secretary of State and the Director of Office of Management and Budget, the authority vested in me by section 1202 of the Act, to approve the provision of insurance or reinsurance for these purposes after the expiration of the sixty days.

The Secretary of Transportation is directed to bring this approval to the immediate attention of all operators and to arrange for its publication in the Federal Register.

George Bush.

Expiration of authority to provide insurance, see section 1294 of this Appendix.

Insurance of interests of United States, see sections 869 and 1202 of this Appendix.

This section is referred to in sections 1283, 1285 of this Appendix.

§ 1283. Persons, property, and interests insurable

The Secretary may provide the insurance and reinsurance authorized by section 1282 of this Appendix with respect to the following persons, property, or interest:

(a) American vessels, including vessels under construction, foreign-flag vessels owned by citizens of the United States or engaged in transportation in the water-borne commerce of the United States or in such other transportation by water or such other services as may be deemed by the Secretary to be in the interest of the national defense or the national economy of the United States, when so engaged. In determining whether to grant such insurance or reinsurance to foreign-flag vessels, the Secretary shall further consider the characteristics, the employment, and the general management of the vessel by the owner or charterer. American- and foreign-flag vessels so insured or reinsured shall be subject to such vessel location reporting requirements as the Secretary may establish by regulation.

(b) Cargoes shipped or to be shipped on any such vessels, including shipments by express or registered mail; cargoes owned by citizens or residents of the United States, its Territories or possessions; cargoes imported to, or exported from, the United States, its Territories or possessions, and cargoes sold or purchased by citizens or residents of the United States, its Territories or possessions, under contracts of sale or purchase by the terms of which the risk of loss by war risks or the obligation to provide insurance against such risks is assumed by or falls upon a citizen or resident of the United States, its Territories or possessions; cargoes shipped between ports in the United States, or between ports in the United States and its Territories and possessions, or between ports in such Territories or possessions. For the purposes of this subchapter, the term "cargo" shall include loaded or empty containers located aboard such vessels.

(c) The disbursements, including advances to masters and general average disbursements, and freight and passage moneys of such vessels.

(d) The personal effects of the masters, officers, and crews of such vessels, and of other persons transported on such vessels.

(e) Masters, officers, members of the crews of such vessels and other persons employed or transported thereon against loss of life, injury, detention by an enemy of the United States following capture.

(f) Statutory or contractual obligations or other liabilities of such vessels or of the owner or charterer of such vessels of the nature customarily covered by insurance.

(June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title XII, § 1203, as added Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 906, 64 Stat. 773; amended Pub. L. 94-523, § 1-3, Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2474.)

1976--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94-523, § 1, prescribed criteria to be considered in granting insurance or reinsurance to foreign-flag vessels and made insured or reinsured vessels subject to vessel location reporting requirements established by regulation.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94-523, § 2, defined term "cargo" to include loaded or empty containers located aboard the vessels.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 94-523, § 3, substituted "Statutory or" for "Statutory on".

This section is referred to in section 1284 of this Appendix.

§ 1284. Risks other than war risks

Whenever the Secretary shall insure any risk included under subsections (d), (e), or (f) of section 1283 of this Appendix, insofar as it concerns liabilities relating to the masters, officers, and crews of such vessels or to other persons transported thereon, the insurance on such risks may include risks other than war risks to the extent that the Secretary determines to be necessary or advisable.

(June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title XII, § 1204, as added Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 906, 64 Stat. 774.)

§ 1285. Insurance of property of Government departments and agencies

(a) Any department or agency of the United States may, with the approval of the President, procure from the Secretary any of the insurance as provided for in this subchapter, except as provided in sections 721 and 722 of title 40.

(b) The Secretary is authorized with such approval to provide such insurance at the request of the Secretary of Defense, and such other agencies as the President may prescribe, without premium in consideration of the agreement of the Secretary of Defense or such agency to indemnify the Secretary against all losses covered by such insurance, and the Secretary of Defense and such other agencies are authorized to execute such indemnity agreement with the Secretary. The signature of the President (or of an official designated by the President) on the agreement shall be treated as an expression of the approval required under section 1282(a) of this Appendix to provide the insurance.

(June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title XII, § 1205, as added Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 906, 64 Stat. 774; amended Pub. L. 105-261, div. A, title X, § 1071(a), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2137.)

1998--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105-261 inserted at end "The signature of the President (or of an official designated by the President) on the agreement shall be treated as an expression of the approval required under section 1282(a) of this Appendix to provide the insurance."

Pub. L. 105-261, div. A, title X, § 1071(b), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2137, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply only to a signature of the President (or of an official designated by the President) on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 1998]."

Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 7, 1994, 59 F.R. 52395, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense [and] the Secretary of Transportation

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 1205 of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, as amended (46 U.S.C. App. 1285), I hereby approved [sic] the procurement of any insurance within the scope of section 1205 from the Secretary of Transportation by the Department of Defense for vessels under charter, contract, tender, or agreement with the Department of Defense, entering the territorial waters of Haiti excluded under commercial war risk trading warranties, whenever the Secretary of Defense determines such insurance to be necessary. This approval is effective for 60 days.

The Secretary of Transportation is directed to bring this approval to the immediate attention of all operators.

William J. Clinton.

§ 1286. Liability insurance for persons performing services or providing facilities for vessels

The Secretary is authorized to provide insurance for any person who performs services or provides facilities for or with respect to any American- or foreign-flag vessel, public or private, against legal liabilities that may be incurred by such person in connection with the performance of such services or the providing of such facilities. Such insurance shall not be issued against liability to employees in respect of employers' liability or workmen's compensation. No such insurance shall be provided unless, in the opinion of the Secretary, such insurance is required in the prosecution of the war effort or in connection with national defense and cannot be obtained at reasonable rates or upon reasonable conditions from approved companies authorized to do insurance business in any State of the United States.

(June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title XII, § 1206, as added Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 906, 64 Stat. 774; amended Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 929, § 5, 70 Stat. 986.)

1956--Act Aug. 3, 1956, struck out "during any time the United States is at war or during any period of emergency declared to exist by the President of the United States" after "authorized" in first sentence.

§ 1287. Reinsurance; rates; allowances to insurance carriers

(a) To the extent that he is authorized by this subchapter to provide marine, war risk, and liability insurance, the Secretary may reinsure, in whole or in part, any company authorized to do an insurance business in any State of the United States. The Secretary may reinsure with, or cede or retrocede to, any such company any insurance or reinsurance provided by the Secretary in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter.

(b) Reinsurance shall not be provided by the Secretary at rates less than nor obtained by the Secretary at rates more than the rates established by the Secretary on the same or similar risks or the rates charged by the insurance carrier for the insurance so reinsured whichever is most advantageous to the Secretary, except that the Secretary may make to the insurance carrier such allowances for expenses on account of the cost of services rendered or facilities furnished as he deems reasonably to accord with good business practice, but such allowance to the carrier shall not provide for any payment by the carrier on account of solicitation for or stimulation of insurance business.

(June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title XII, § 1207, as added Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 906, 64 Stat. 775.)

§ 1288. Insurance fund; investments; appropriations

(a) The Secretary shall create an insurance fund in the Treasury to enable him to carry out the provisions of this subchapter. Moneys appropriated by Congress to carry out the provisions of this subchapter and all moneys received from premiums, salvage, or other recoveries and all receipts in connection with this subchapter shall be deposited in the Treasury to the credit of such fund. Payments of return premiums, losses, settlements, judgments, and all liabilities incurred by the United States under this subchapter shall be made from such fund through the Fiscal Service, Treasury Department. Upon the request of the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of the Treasury may invest or reinvest all or any part of the fund in securities of the United States or in securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States. The interest and benefits accruing from such securities shall be deposited to the credit of the fund.

(b) Such sums as shall be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter are authorized to be appropriated to such fund.

(June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title XII, § 1208, as added Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 906, 64 Stat. 775; amended Pub. L. 87-743, Oct. 3, 1962, 76 Stat. 740; Pub. L. 97-31, § 12(139), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 166.)

1981--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97-31 substituted "Secretary of Transportation" for "Secretary of Commerce".

1962--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87-743 authorized the investment or reinvestment of all or part of the fund in securities of the United States or in securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States, and required the interest and benefits accruing from such securities to be deposited to the credit of the fund.

"Fiscal Service" substituted for "Division of Disbursement" in subsec. (a) on authority of section 1(a)(1) of 1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2107, 54 Stat. 1231, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which consolidated such division into Fiscal Service of Department of the Treasury. See section 306 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

This section is referred to in title 10 section 2645.

§ 1288a. Transfer of funds from Vessel Operations Revolving Fund

For the war-risk insurance revolving fund, authorized by this subchapter, the Secretary of Transportation is authorized to transfer to said fund, at such times as it may become necessary in order to place into effect the insurance coverage authorized by this subchapter, and in such amounts as he may determine, not to exceed a total of $10,000,000 from the "Vessel Operations Revolving Fund".

(Nov. 1, 1951, ch. 664, ch. VII, 65 Stat. 746; Pub. L. 97-31, § 12(140), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 166.)

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, which comprises this chapter.

1981--Pub. L. 97-31 substituted "Secretary of Transportation" for "Secretary of Commerce".

§ 1289. Administrative provisions

(a) Issuance of policies, rules, and regulations; settlement of claims; valuation; rejection and review of valuation

(1) The Secretary, in the administration of this subchapter, may issue such policies, rules, and regulations as he deems proper and may adjust and pay losses, compromise and settle claims, whether in favor of or against the United States and pay the amount of any judgment rendered against the United States in any suit, or the amount of any settlement agreed upon, in respect of any claim under insurance authorized by this subchapter.

(2) In respect of hull insurance, the valuation in the policy for actual or constructive total loss of the vessel insured shall be a stated valuation (exclusive of National Defense features paid for by the Government) determined by the Secretary which shall not exceed the amount that would be payable if the vessel had been requisitioned for title under section 1242(a) of this Appendix at the time of the attachment of the insurance under said policy: Provided, That the insured shall have the right within sixty days after the attachment of the insurance under said policy, or within sixty days after determination of such valuation by the Secretary, whichever is later, to reject such valuation, and shall pay, at the rate provided for in said policy, premiums upon such asserted valuation as the insured shall specify at the time of rejection, but such asserted valuation shall not operate to the prejudice of the Government in any subsequent action on the policy. In the event of the actual or constructive total loss of the vessel, if the insured has not rejected such valuation the amount of any claim therefor which is adjusted, compromised, settled, adjudged, or paid shall not exceed such stated amount, but if the insured has so rejected such valuation, the insured shall be paid as a tentative advance only, 75 per centum of such valuation so determined by the Secretary and shall be entitled to sue the United States in a court having jurisdiction of such claims to recover such valuation as would be equal to the just compensation which such court determines would have been payable if the vessel had been requisitioned for title under section 1242(a) of this Appendix at the time of the attachment of the insurance under said policy: Provided, That in the event of an election by the insured to reject the stated valuation fixed by the Secretary and to sue in the courts, the amount of the judgment will be payable without regard to the limitations contained in section 1242-1 ¹ of this Appendix, although the excess of any amounts advanced on account of just compensation over the amount of the court judgment will be required to be refunded. In the event of such court determination, premiums under the policy shall be adjusted on the basis of the valuation as finally determined and of the rate provided for in said policy.
__________
¹ See References in Text note below.

(b) Forms and policies; rates; fees

The Secretary may prescribe and change forms and policies, and fix, adjust, and change the amounts insured and rates of premium provided for in this subchapter. The Secretary may charge and collect an annual fee in an amount calculated to cover the expenses of processing applications for insurance, the employment of underwriting agents, and the appointment of experts.

(c) Commercial practice controlling; limitation on fees

The Secretary, in administering this subchapter, may exercise his powers, perform his duties and functions, and make his expenditures, in accordance with commercial practice in the marine insurance business. Except as authorized in subsection (d) of this section, no insurance broker or other person acting in a similar intermediary capacity shall be paid any fee or other consideration by the Secretary by virtue of his participation in arranging any insurance wherein the Secretary directly insures any of the risk thereof.

(d) Underwriting agents

The Secretary may, and whenever he finds it practical to do so shall, employ domestic companies or groups of domestic companies authorized to do a marine insurance business in any State of the United States, to act as his underwriting agent. The Secretary may allow such companies or groups of companies fair and reasonable compensation for servicing insurance written by such companies or groups of companies as underwriting agent for the Secretary. The services of such underwriting agents may be utilized in the adjustment of claims under insurance provided by this subchapter, but no claim shall be paid unless and until it has been approved by the Secretary. Such compensation may include an allowance for expenses reasonably incurred by such agent, but such allowance shall not include any payment by such agent on account of solicitation for or stimulation of insurance business.

(e) Employment of marine insurance experts

The Secretary without regard to the laws, rules, or regulations relating to the employment of employees of the United States may appoint and prescribe the duties of such number of experts in marine insurance as he deems necessary under this subchapter.

(f) Utilization of services of other Government agencies

The Secretary with the consent of any executive department, independent establishment, or other agency of the Government, including any field service thereof, may avail himself of the use of information, services, facilities, officers, and employees thereof in carrying out the provisions of this subchapter.

(June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title XII, § 1209, as added Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 906, 64 Stat. 775; amended Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 929, § 1, 70 Stat. 984; Pub. L. 88-478, § 1, Aug. 22, 1964, 78 Stat. 587; Pub. L. 94-523, § 4, Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2474.)

Section 1242-1 of this Appendix, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), was in the original "the twelfth paragraph under the heading Maritime Activities in title I of the Department of Commerce and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1956, in the tenth paragraph under the heading Maritime Activities in title III of the Department of State, Justice, and Commerce, and the United States Information Agency Appropriation Act, 1955, in the eleventh paragraph under the heading 'Maritime Activities' in title III of the Department of Justice, State, and Commerce Appropriation Act, 1954, the tenth paragraph under the heading 'Operating Differential Subsidies' in title II of the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1953, the corresponding paragraphs of the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1952, and the Third Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1951". Section 1242-1 was not repeated in appropriation acts subsequent to Pub. L. 85-469 and was omitted from the Code.

1976--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94-523 authorized imposition and collection of an annual fee to cover expenses of processing applications for insurance, employment of underwriting agents, and appointment of experts.

1964--Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 88-478 struck out provisions which required for purposes of hull insurance, in the case of a construction-subsidized vessel, that the valuation determined for actual or constructive loss for the period of insurance prior to requisition for title or use, be reduced by such proportion as the amount of construction subsidy paid with respect to the vessel bears to the entire construction cost and capital improvements thereof (excluding the cost of national defense features), and for the period of insurance after requisition for use limited the valuation to the amount which would be payable under section 1212 of this Appendix.

1956--Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 3, 1956, struck out provisions limiting settlement of claims of vessels insured under this subchapter to vessel's fair and reasonable value, designating the remaining provisions, as so amended, as par. (1), and added par. (2).

Section 2 of Pub. L. 88-478 provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section] shall be applicable to war risk insurance coverage attaching after the date of enactment [Aug. 22, 1964]."

Section 4 of act Aug. 3, 1956, provided that: "All war-risk insurance issued under title XII of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936 [this subchapter], which is in force on the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 3, 1956] shall, as of the beginning of such date, be deemed to have been amended to conform to the requirements of section 1209 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936 [this section], as amended by this Act unless the insured, within ten days after such date, objects to such amendment."

§ 1290. Seamen's rights unaffected

This subchapter shall not affect rights of seamen under existing law.

(June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title XII, § 1210, as added Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 906, 64 Stat. 776.)

§ 1291. Reports to Congress

The Secretary shall include in his annual report to Congress a detailed statement of all activities and of all expenditures and receipts under this subchapter for the period covered by such report.

(June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title XII, § 1211, as added Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 906, 64 Stat. 776; amended Pub. L. 89-348, § 1(7), Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1310.)

1965--Pub. L. 89-348 repealed provisions which required quarterly reports of contracts entered into, proposed contracts, and general progress with respect to war risk insurance activities under this chapter.

§ 1292. Actions on claims for losses; jurisdiction of courts; limitation of actions

Upon disagreement as to a loss insured under this subchapter, suit may be maintained against the United States in admiralty in the district in which the claimant or his agent resides, and this remedy shall be exclusive of any other action by reason of the same subject matter against any agent or employee of the United States employed or retained under this subchapter. If the claimant has no residence in the United States, suit may be brought in the district court of the District of Columbia or in such other district court in which the Attorney General of the United States agrees to accept service. Such suits shall be heard and determined under the provisions of the Act of March 9, 1920, as amended (known as the Suits in Admiralty Act) [46 App. U.S.C. 741 et seq.]. All persons having or claiming or who might have an interest in such insurance, may be made parties either initially or upon the motion of either party. In any case where the Secretary acknowledges the indebtedness of the United States on account of such insurance, and there is a dispute as to the persons entitled to receive payment, the United States may bring an action in the nature of a bill of interpleader against such parties, in the District Court for the District of Columbia, or in the district court of the district in which any such person resides. In such actions any party, if not a resident of or found within the district, may be brought in by order of court served in such reasonable manner as the court directs. If the court is satisfied that persons unknown might assert a claim on account of such insurance, it may direct service upon such persons unknown by publication in the Federal Register. Judgment in any such suit shall discharge the United States from further liability to any parties to such action, and to all persons when service by publication upon persons unknown is directed by the court. The period within which suits may be commenced contained in said Suits in Admiralty Act shall, if claim be filed therefor within such period, be suspended from such time of filing until the claim shall have been administratively denied by the Secretary and for sixty days thereafter: Provided, however, That such claim shall be deemed to have been administratively denied if not acted upon within six months after the time of filing, unless the Secretary for good cause shown shall have otherwise agreed with the claimant.

(June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title XII, § 1212, as added Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 906, 64 Stat. 776.)

The Suits in Admiralty Act, referred to in text, is act Mar. 9, 1920, ch. 95, 41 Stat. 525, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 20 (§ 741 et seq.) of this Appendix. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 741 of this Appendix and Tables.

§ 1293. Additional insurance with other underwriters

A person having an insurable interest in a vessel may, with the approval of the Secretary, insure with other underwriters in an amount in excess of the amount insured with the Secretary of Transportation, and in that event the Secretary of Transportation shall not be entitled to the benefit of such insurance.

(June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title XII, § 1213, as added Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 906, 64 Stat. 777; amended Pub. L. 97-31, § 12(141), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 166.)

1981--Pub. L. 97-31 substituted "Secretary of Transportation" for "Secretary of Commerce" in two places.

§ 1294. Expiration of authority to provide insurance

The authority of the Secretary to provide insurance and reinsurance under this subchapter shall expire June 30, 2005.

(June 29, 1936, ch. 858, title XII, § 1214, as added Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 906, 64 Stat. 777; amended Aug. 3, 1955, ch. 492, 69 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 86-120, July 31, 1959, 73 Stat. 266; Pub. L. 89-89, July 27, 1965, 79 Stat. 264; Pub. L. 91-469, § 34, Oct. 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 1035; Pub. L. 94-523, § 5, Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2474; Pub. L. 96-195, Feb. 25, 1980, 94 Stat. 63; Pub. L. 99-59, July 3, 1985, 99 Stat. 110; Pub. L. 101-115, § 7(b), Oct. 13, 1989, 103 Stat. 694; Pub. L. 104-106, div. A, title X, § 1094, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 461; Pub. L. 104-239, § 12, Oct. 8, 1996, 110 Stat. 3134; Pub. L. 106-65, div. C, title XXXVI, § 3603, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 976.)

1999--Pub. L. 106-65 substituted "June 30, 2005" for "June 30, 2000".

1996--Pub. L. 104-106 and Pub. L. 104-239 amended section identically, substituting "June 30, 2000" for "June 30, 1995".

1989--Pub. L. 101-115 substituted "June 30, 1995" for "June 30, 1990".

1985--Pub. L. 99-59 substituted "June 30, 1990" for "September 30, 1984".

1980--Pub. L. 96-195 substituted "September 30, 1984" for "September 30, 1979".

1976--Pub. L. 94-523 substituted "September 30, 1979" for "September 7, 1975".

1970--Pub. L. 91-469 substituted "September 7, 1975" for "twenty years from September 7, 1950".

1965--Pub. L. 89-89 extended authority of Secretary to provide insurance and reinsurance for an additional five years.

1959--Pub. L. 86-120 extended authority of Secretary to provide insurance and reinsurance for an additional five years.

1955--Act Aug. 3, 1955, extended authority of Secretary to provide insurance and reinsurance for an additional five years.