§ 3103. — Definitions.
[Laws in effect as of January 24, 2002]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 24, 2002 and December 19, 2002]
[CITE: 7USC3103]
TITLE 7--AGRICULTURE
CHAPTER 64--AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING
SUBCHAPTER I--FINDINGS, PURPOSES, AND DEFINITIONS
Sec. 3103. Definitions
When used in this chapter:
(1) The term ``Advisory Board'' means the National Agricultural
Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board.
(2) The term ``agricultural research'' means research in the
food and agricultural sciences.
(3) The term ``aquaculture'' means the propagation and rearing
of aquacultural species, including, but not limited to, any species
of finfish, mollusk, or crustacean (or other aquatic invertebrate),
amphibian, reptile, ornamental fish, or aquatic plant, in controlled
or selected environments.
(4) The terms ``college'' and ``university'' mean an educational
institution in any State which (A) admits as regular students only
persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing
secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a
certificate, (B) is legally authorized within such State to provide
a program of education beyond secondary education, (C) provides an
educational program for which a bachelor's degree or any other
higher degree is awarded, (D) is a public or other nonprofit
institution, and (E) is accredited by a nationally recognized
accrediting agency or association.
(5) The term ``cooperative extension services'' means the
organizations established at the land-grant colleges and
universities under the Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. 372-
374, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 341-349), and section 209(b) of the Act of
October 26, 1974 (88 Stat. 1428, as amended; D.C. Code, sec. 31-
1719(b)).
(6) The term ``Department of Agriculture'' means the United
States Department of Agriculture.
(7) The term ``extension'' means the informal education programs
conducted in the States in cooperation with the Department of
Agriculture.
(8) Food and agricultural sciences.--The term ``food and
agricultural sciences'' means basic, applied, and developmental
research, extension, and teaching activities in food and fiber,
agricultural, renewable natural resources, forestry, and physical
and social sciences, including activities relating to the following:
(A) Animal health, production, and well-being.
(B) Plant health and production.
(C) Animal and plant germ plasm collection and preservation.
(D) Aquaculture.
(E) Food safety.
(F) Soil and water conservation and improvement.
(G) Forestry, horticulture, and range management.
(H) Nutritional sciences and promotion.
(I) Farm enhancement, including financial management, input
efficiency, and profitability.
(J) Home economics.
(K) Rural human ecology.
(L) Youth development and agricultural education, including
4-H clubs.
(M) Expansion of domestic and international markets for
agricultural commodities and products, including agricultural
trade barrier identification and analysis.
(N) Information management and technology transfer related
to agriculture.
(O) Biotechnology related to agriculture.
(P) The processing, distributing, marketing, and utilization
of food and agricultural products.
(9) The term ``Hispanic-serving institution'' has the meaning
given the term by section 1059c(b)(1) \1\ of title 20.
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\1\ See References in Text note below.
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(10) Insular area.--The term ``insular area'' means--
(A) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;
(B) Guam;
(C) American Samoa;
(D) the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands;
(E) the Federated States of Micronesia;
(F) the Republic of the Marshall Islands;
(G) the Republic of Palau; and
(H) the Virgin Islands of the United States.
(11) The term ``land-grant colleges and universities'' means
those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of July
2, 1862 (12 Stat. 503-505, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 301-305, 307 and
308), or the Act of August 30, 1890 (26 Stat. 417-419, as amended; 7
U.S.C. 321-326 and 328), including Tuskegee University.
(12) The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Agriculture
of the United States.
(13) State.--The term ``State'' means--
(A) a State;
(B) the District of Columbia; and
(C) any insular area.
(14) The term ``State agricultural experiment stations'' means
those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of March
2, 1887 (24 Stat. 440-442, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 361a-361i).
(15) Teaching and education.--The terms ``teaching'' and
``education'' mean formal classroom instruction, laboratory
instruction, and practicum experience in the food and agricultural
sciences and matters relating thereto (such as faculty development,
student recruitment and services, curriculum development,
instructional materials and equipment, and innovative teaching
methodologies) conducted by colleges and universities offering
baccalaureate or higher degrees.
(16) The term ``cooperating forestry schools'' means those
institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of October 10,
1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.), commonly known as the McIntire-
Stennis Act of 1962.
(17) The term ``State cooperative institutions'' or ``State
cooperative agents'' means institutions or agents designated by--
(A) the Act of July 2, 1862 (7 U.S.C. 301 et seq.), commonly
known as the First Morrill Act;
(B) the Act of August 30, 1890 (7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.),
commonly known as the Second Morrill Act, including Tuskegee
University;
(C) the Act of March 2, 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.),
commonly known as the Hatch Act of 1887;
(D) the Act of May 8, 1914 (7 U.S.C. 341 et seq.), commonly
known as the Smith-Lever Act;
(E) the Act of October 10, 1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.),
commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962; and
(F) subchapters V, VI, XI, and XII of this chapter.
(18) The term ``sustainable agriculture'' means an integrated
system of plant and animal production practices having a site-
specific application that will, over the long-term--
(A) satisfy human food and fiber needs;
(B) enhance environmental quality and the natural resource
base upon which the agriculture economy depends;
(C) make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources
and on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural
biological cycles and controls;
(D) sustain the economic viability of farm operations; and
(E) enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a
whole.
(Pub. L. 95-113, title XIV, Sec. 1404, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 983;
Pub. L. 97-98, title XIV, Sec. 1404, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1297; Pub.
L. 99-198, title XIV, Sec. 1403, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1544; Pub. L.
101-624, title XVI, Sec. 1603, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3705; Pub. L.
102-237, title IV, Sec. 402(3), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1863; Pub. L.
104-127, title VIII, Secs. 802(b)(1), 815(b), 820(a), 853(b)(1), Apr. 4,
1996, 110 Stat. 1159, 1167, 1168, 1172; Pub. L. 105-185, title II,
Secs. 221, 226(c)(1), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 537, 543; Pub. L. 107-
171, title VII, Sec. 7502(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 463.)
References in Text
For definition of ``this chapter'', referred to in text, see note
set out under section 3102 of this title.
The Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914, referred to in pars. (5) and
(17)(D), is act May 8, 1914, ch. 79, 38 Stat. 372, as amended, which is
classified generally to subchapter IV (Sec. 341 et seq.) of chapter 13
of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see
Short Title note set out under section 341 of this title and Tables.
Section 1059c of title 20, referred to in par. (9), was amended
generally by Pub. L. 105-244, title III, Sec. 303(e), Oct. 7, 1998, 112
Stat. 1639, and, as so amended, no longer relates to Hispanic-serving
institutions.
Act of July 2, 1862, 12 Stat. 503, referred to in pars. (11) and
(17)(A), is popularly known as the ``Morrill Act'' and also as the
``First Morrill Act'', which is classified generally to subchapter I
(Sec. 301 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete
classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out
under section 301 of this title and Tables.
Act of August 30, 1890, 26 Stat. 417, referred to in pars. (11) and
(17)(B), is popularly known as the ``Agricultural College Act of 1890''
and also as the ``Second Morrill Act'', which is classified generally to
subchapter II (Sec. 321 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For
complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note
set out under section 321 of this title and Tables.
Act of March 2, 1887, referred to in pars. (14) and (17)(C), is act
Mar. 2, 1887, ch. 314, 24 Stat. 440, as amended, popularly known as the
Hatch Act of 1887, which is classified generally to sections 361a to
361i of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code,
see Short Title note set out under section 361a of this title and
Tables.
Act of October 10, 1962, referred to in pars. (16) and (17)(E), is
Pub. L. 87-788, Oct. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 806, as amended, known as the
McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962, which is classified generally to
subchapter III (Sec. 582a et seq.) of chapter 3 of Title 16,
Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see
Tables.
Amendments
2002--Pars. (10) to (12). Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 7502(a)(1), (2),
redesignated pars. (10) and (11) as (11) and (12), respectively, and
added par. (10). Former par. (12) redesignated (13).
Par. (13). Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 7502(a)(3), added par. (13) and
struck out former par. (13) which read as follows: ``The term `State'
means any one of the fifty States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,
Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, the
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Virgin Islands of the United
States, and the District of Columbia.''
Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 7502(a)(1), redesignated par. (12) as (13).
Former par. (13) redesignated (14).
Pars. (14) to (18). Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 7502(a)(1), redesignated
pars. (13) to (17) as (14) to (18), respectively.
1998--Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(1), substituted ``chapter:'' for
``chapter--'' in introductory provisions.
Pars. (1) to (3). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(2), (5), substituted
``The term'' for ``the term'' and period for semicolon at end.
Par. (4). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(3), (5), substituted ``The
terms'' for ``the terms'' and period for semicolon at end.
Pars. (5) to (7). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(2), (5), substituted
``The term'' for ``the term'' and period for semicolon at end.
Par. (8). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(a), added par. (8) and struck
out former par. (8) which defined term ``food and agricultural
sciences'' in broadest sense of terms, including but not limited to
activities relating to agriculture, food processing, forestry,
acquaculture, home economics, rural community welfare, youth
development, market expansion, improvement of productivity, and
international food and agricultural issues.
Par. (9). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(4), (5), substituted ``The
term'' for ``the term'' after ``(9)'' and substituted period for
semicolon at end.
Par. (10). Pub. L. 105-185, Secs. 221(c)(2), (5), 226(c)(1),
substituted ``The term'' for ``the term'', ``Tuskegee University'' for
``the Tuskegee Institute'', and period for semicolon at end.
Pars. (11) to (13). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(2), (5),
substituted ``The term'' for ``the term'' and period for semicolon at
end.
Par. (14). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(b), (c)(5), inserted par.
heading, substituted ``The terms `teaching' and `education' mean'' for
``the term `teaching' means'', and substituted period for semicolon at
end.
Par. (15). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(2), (5), substituted ``The
term'' for ``the term'' and period for semicolon at end.
Par. (16). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(2), substituted ``The term''
for ``the term'' in introductory provisions.
Par. (16)(B). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 226(c)(1), substituted
``Tuskegee University'' for ``the Tuskegee Institute''.
Par. (16)(F). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(6), substituted period
for ``; and'' at end.
Par. (17). Pub. L. 105-185, Sec. 221(c)(2), substituted ``The term''
for ``the term''.
1996--Par. (1). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 802(b)(1), substituted
``National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics
Advisory Board'' for ``National Agricultural Research and Extension
Users Advisory Board''.
Par. (3). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 820(a), inserted ``ornamental
fish,'' after ``reptile,''.
Par. (9). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 815(b), amended par. (9) generally.
Prior to amendment, par. (9) read as follows: ``the term `Joint Council'
means the Joint Council on Food and Agricultural Sciences;''.
Pars. (16) to (18). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 853(b)(1), inserted
``and'' at end of par. (16), substituted a period for ``; and'' at end
of par. (17), and struck out par. (18) which read as follows: ``the term
`Technology Board' means the Agricultural Science and Technology Review
Board established in section 3123a of this title.''
1991--Par. (18). Pub. L. 102-237 inserted ``and'' after ``Science''.
1990--Par. (16)(F). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1603(2), inserted
reference to subchapter VI of this chapter.
Pars. (17), (18). Pub. L. 101-624, Sec. 1603(1), (3), added pars.
(17) and (18).
1985--Par. (8)(J). Pub. L. 99-198 added subpar. (J).
1981--Par. (8). Pub. L. 97-98, Sec. 1404(1), substituted in
provision preceding subpar. (A) ``basic, applied, and developmental
research, extension, and teaching activities in the food, agricultural,
renewable natural resources, forestry, and physical and social sciences,
in the broadest sense of these terms, including but not limited to,
activities relating to'' for ``sciences relating to food and agriculture
in the broadest sense, including the social, economic, and political
considerations of'', in subpar. (E) ``including consumer affairs, food
and nutrition, clothing and textiles, housing, and family well-being and
financial management;'' for ``human nutrition, and family life; and'',
and in subpar. (F) ``community welfare and development'' for ``and
community development'', and added subpars. (G) to (I).
Par. (12). Pub. L. 97-98, Sec. 1404(2), struck out ``except as
provided in subchapter VII of this chapter,'' before ``the term'' and
included within term ``State'' American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the
Northern Marianas, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
Par. (14). Pub. L. 97-98, Sec. 1404(4), struck out reference to
laboratory training, inserted reference to practicum experience and
matters relating to formal classroom instruction, laboratory
instruction, and practicum experience, and substituted provision that
the teaching be conducted at colleges or universities offering
baccalaureate or higher degrees for provision that the teaching be
conducted at colleges and universities leading to a baccalaureate and
other recognized degrees.
Pars. (15), (16). Pub. L. 97-98, Sec. 1404(5), added pars. (15) and
(16).
Effective Date of 1981 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 97-98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801
of Pub. L. 97-98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301
of this title.
Effective Date
Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95-113,
set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307
of this title.
Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note
set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular
Possessions.
Construction of 2002 Amendment
Pub. L. 107-171, title VII, Sec. 7502(b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat.
463, provided that: ``The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending
this section] shall not affect any basis for distribution of funds by
formula (in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [May 13, 2002])
to--
``(1) the Federated States of Micronesia;
``(2) the Republic of the Marshall Islands; or
``(3) the Republic of Palau.''
Section Referred to in Other Sections
This section is referred to in sections 390, 450i, 2027, 2279, 3319,
3352, 3353, 5801, 6711, 7626, 8105 of this title.
