January 2003 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
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A.C. No. 5811 January 20, 2003 - MARITESS GARCIA v. ILUMINADO M. MANUEL:
FIRST DIVISION
[Adm. Case No. 5811. January 20, 2003.]
MARITESS GARCIA, Complainant, v. ATTY. ILUMINADO M. MANUEL, Respondent.
R E S O L U T I O N
DAVIDE, JR., C.J.:
For our resolution is the administrative complaint for disbarment filed by complainant Maritess Garcia against respondent Atty. Iluminado M. Manuel for gross misconduct for ineffectively handling her case and failing to return to her the money she gave him.chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary
The facts, as culled from the records, are uncomplicated:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Sometime in February 1999, Maritess Garcia, divorced from husband Oscar Fauni, approached respondent for legal advice concerning child support and her condominium unit in San Juan, Metro Manila, which her erstwhile husband refused to vacate. Respondent agreed to handle her case at a fee of P70,000. Finding respondent’s fees reasonable, complainant entrusted to respondent all pertinent papers for his study. An advance fee of P10,000 was then asked by respondent from complainant.
On 17 February 1999, a retainer agreement was entered by complainant with respondent, calling for the payment of (1) P35,000 payable in weekly installments of preferably P5,000 but not less than P2,000; (2) P35,000 to come from the proceeds of the sale of her condominium unit or from any amount that might be recovered from Mr. Fauni, except that pertaining to child support; and (3) a contingent fee of 5% of any amount that might be recovered from Mr. Fauni except that for child support. Incidental expenses, such as filing fees and postage fees, were also made chargeable to the account of the complainant. 1 On the same occasion, complainant gave respondent the advance fee of P10,000. 2 Thereafter, respondent informed complainant that he needed P10,000 for the filing fees.
On 4 March 1999, complainant gave respondent P10,000 for the filing fees in the ejectment case. 3 She, however, asked respondent as to why the fees cost so much. Respondent replied that filing fees are based on a certain percentage of the price of the property and the amount of child support prayed for. A demand letter to vacate the premises of the condominium dated 4 March 1999 was then prepared by respondent and mailed to Mr. Fauni on 8 March 1999. 4
In the interim, complainant made several follow-ups with respondent inquiring particularly as to whether the ejectment case had already been filed. Through a telephone conversation with respondent on 7 April 1999, complainant found out that the ejectment case had not been filed yet by Respondent. Agitated by the information, complainant immediately went to respondent’s residence. An altercation between respondent and complainant took place. After serious exchange of words, respondent returned to complainant all of her documents. No amount of money was, however, returned by respondent to complainant despite the latter’s demand for its return.
Aggrieved by respondent’s actuations, complainant filed on 30 June 1999 with the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP), Commission on Bar Discipline, the instant complaint for gross misconduct against Respondent. 5
In his Answer dated 24 September 1999, respondent denied having committed any malicious, dishonest or anomalous acts against complainant. Respondent asserted that he did not file the ejectment case because he had not yet received the registry return card evidencing the receipt by Oscar Fauni of the demand letter he sent on 8 March 1999. It could not be said that he misappropriated the P10,000 for the filing fees because complainant, who was then in arrears with her installment payments for his fee, agreed that said P10,000 could be applied in the meantime to her account. Finally, respondent averred that he never withdrew his services as counsel of complainant; rather it was the complainant who explicitly discharged him when she demanded for the return of the amounts she had paid him. 6
In his Report and Recommendation dated 7 May 2001, Investigating Commissioner Atty. Caesar R. Dulay concluded that respondent was less than honest to his client and displayed lack of candor and fidelity to her cause. He cited respondent’s act of (1) making it appear to complainant that as early a 17 February 1999, he already needed P10,000 for filing fees; (2) failing to advise his client as to the real amount of the filing fees; 7 and (3) failing to render an accounting of the monies received and intended as filing fees. Moreover, Commissioner Dulay found respondent guilty of misleading the Commission by his claim of having received the registry return card on 7 April 1999, the truth of the matter being that respondent already received the registry return card on 24 March 1999. He then recommended that respondent be suspended from the practice of law for one month and be ordered to render an accounting of all monies he received from the complainant.chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary
In its Resolution No. XV-2002-239 of 29 June 2002, the Board of Governors of the IBP approved and adopted Atty. Dulay’s Report and Recommendation. It, however, increased the recommended penalty of respondent from one month to six months of suspension from the practice of law.
We agree with the findings and conclusions of Commissioner Dulay, as approved and adopted by the Board of Governors of the IBP.
A lawyer may be disciplined for any conduct, in his professional or private capacity, that renders him unfit to continue to be an officer of the court. Canon 1 of the Code of Professional Responsibility commands all lawyers to uphold at all times the dignity and integrity of the legal profession. Specifically, Rule 1.01 thereof provides:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Rule 1.01 — A lawyer shall not engage in unlawful, dishonest and immoral or deceitful conduct.
There is no need to stretch one’s imagination to arrive at an inevitable conclusion that respondent committed dishonesty and abused the confidence reposed in him by the complainant. Respondent Manuel fully knew that the jurisdictional requirement of demand to vacate had to be complied with before an ejectment case could be filed, 8 and yet he asked complainant to raise the filing fee of P10,000 as early as 17 February 1999. 9 He likewise cannot take refuge behind his claim that he did not file the ejectment case because he had not yet received the registry return card. The records reveal that despite Atty. Manuel’s receipt of the registry return card on 24 March 1999, 10 he still did not file an ejectment case.
Finally, if indeed respondent was in good faith in dealing with complainant, he should have informed or advised the complainant of the status of her case or, at the least, responded to her inquiries. Canon 18, Rule 18.04 provides:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Rule 18.04 — A lawyer shall keep the client informed of the status of his case and shall respond within reasonable time to the client’s request for information.
The relationship of lawyer-client being one of confidence, there is ever present the need for the client to be adequately and fully informed of the developments of the case and should not be left in the dark as to the mode and manner in which his interests are being defended. It is only thus that the trust and faith in the counsel may remain unimpaired. 11
Respondent also failed to comply with the norms embodied in Canon 16 of the Code of Professional Responsibility, to wit:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Canon 16. A lawyer shall hold in trust all moneys and properties of his client that may come into his possession.
Rule 16.01 — A lawyer shall account for all money or property collected or received for or from the client.
In the instant case, respondent received the amount of P10,000 specifically for filing fees in the ejectment case. Thus, he was under the obligation to render an accounting of the same. The highly fiduciary and confidential relation of attorney and client requires that the lawyer should promptly account for all the funds received from, or held by him for, the client. 12
Moreover, a lawyer who obtains possession of the funds and properties of his client in the course of his professional employment shall deliver the same to his client (a) when they become due or (b) upon demand. 13 In the instant case, respondent failed to account and return the P10,000 for the filing fees despite complainant’s repeated demands.
We find untenable respondent’s claim that since complainant was already in arrears with his fees, it was proper for him to apply the filing fees to his attorney’s fees. It has been held that an attorney’s lien is not an excuse for a lawyer’s non-rendition of accounting. 14 And while a lawyer is allowed to apply so much of the client’s funds as may be necessary to satisfy his lawful fees and disbursements, the lawyer is however under the obligation to promptly thereafter notify his client. 15 Nothing on record supports respondent’s claim that complainant was adequately notified as to the application of the P10,000 (for the filing fees) to her arrears.
Besides, the receipt dated 4 March 1999 states that:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
In the event that whatever is left of the P10,000 after the filing of the ejectment case is insufficient for the filing fee in the other collection case, the said balance shall be applied to the installment due for the retainer agreement. 16
A close reading of the receipt reveals that while it authorizes respondent to apply whatever would be left of the P10,000 (intended for the filing fees) to the retainer fee, it clearly presupposes that the filing fee in the ejectment cases must have been paid already.
We find unwarranted respondent’s claim that complainant impliedly terminated his services when she asked for the return of all her documents. Complainant was upset by respondent’s non-filing of the ejectment case. She honestly believed that respondent would already file the ejectment case after giving him the P10,000 for the filing fees. It was thus a spontaneous and natural reaction for her to confront respondent of his inaction. Her belligerence arose from her zealousness to have her former husband ejected from her condominium unit. Assuming that complainant terminated respondent’s services, respondent would not, nonetheless, be relieved of his duty to render the necessary accounting for all the monies received by him from complainant.
Respondent’s actions erode the public perception of the legal profession. They constitute gross misconduct for which he may be suspended, following Section 27, Rule 138 of the Rules of Court, which provides:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Sec. 27. Disbarment or suspension of attorneys by Supreme Court, grounds therefor. — A member of the bar may be disbarred or suspended from his office as attorney by the Supreme Court for any deceit, malpractice, or other gross misconduct in such office, grossly immoral conduct, or by reason of his conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude, or for any violation of the oath which he is required to take before the admission to practice, or for a willful disobedience appearing as attorney for a party without authority to do so.
Complainant asks that respondent be disbarred. However, we find that suspension from the practice of law is sufficient to discipline Respondent. The supreme penalty of disbarment is meted out only in clear cases of misconduct that seriously affect the standing and character of the lawyer as an officer of the court and member of the bar. 17 While we will not hesitate to remove an erring attorney from the esteemed brotherhood of lawyers, where the evidence calls for it, we will also not disbar him where a lesser penalty will suffice to accomplish the desired end. 18 In this case, we find suspension to be sufficient sanction against Respondent. Suspension, we may add, is not primarily intended as punishment, but as a means to protect the public and the legal profession. 19
WHEREFORE, respondent Atty. Iluminado M. Manuel is found GUILTY of gross misconduct and is SUSPENDED from the practice of law for a period of six (6) months, effective immediately, with a warning that a repetition of the same or similar act will be dealt with more severely. Further, respondent is ordered to render, within thirty (30) days from notice of this Resolution, an accounting of all monies received by him from complainant.
Let notice of this Resolution be spread in respondent’s record as an attorney in this Court, and notice thereof be served on the Integrated Bar of the Philippines and on the Office of the Court Administrator for circulation to all the courts concerned.chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary
SO ORDERED.
Vitug, Ynares-Santiago, Carpio and Azcuna, JJ., concur.
The facts, as culled from the records, are uncomplicated:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Sometime in February 1999, Maritess Garcia, divorced from husband Oscar Fauni, approached respondent for legal advice concerning child support and her condominium unit in San Juan, Metro Manila, which her erstwhile husband refused to vacate. Respondent agreed to handle her case at a fee of P70,000. Finding respondent’s fees reasonable, complainant entrusted to respondent all pertinent papers for his study. An advance fee of P10,000 was then asked by respondent from complainant.
On 17 February 1999, a retainer agreement was entered by complainant with respondent, calling for the payment of (1) P35,000 payable in weekly installments of preferably P5,000 but not less than P2,000; (2) P35,000 to come from the proceeds of the sale of her condominium unit or from any amount that might be recovered from Mr. Fauni, except that pertaining to child support; and (3) a contingent fee of 5% of any amount that might be recovered from Mr. Fauni except that for child support. Incidental expenses, such as filing fees and postage fees, were also made chargeable to the account of the complainant. 1 On the same occasion, complainant gave respondent the advance fee of P10,000. 2 Thereafter, respondent informed complainant that he needed P10,000 for the filing fees.
On 4 March 1999, complainant gave respondent P10,000 for the filing fees in the ejectment case. 3 She, however, asked respondent as to why the fees cost so much. Respondent replied that filing fees are based on a certain percentage of the price of the property and the amount of child support prayed for. A demand letter to vacate the premises of the condominium dated 4 March 1999 was then prepared by respondent and mailed to Mr. Fauni on 8 March 1999. 4
In the interim, complainant made several follow-ups with respondent inquiring particularly as to whether the ejectment case had already been filed. Through a telephone conversation with respondent on 7 April 1999, complainant found out that the ejectment case had not been filed yet by Respondent. Agitated by the information, complainant immediately went to respondent’s residence. An altercation between respondent and complainant took place. After serious exchange of words, respondent returned to complainant all of her documents. No amount of money was, however, returned by respondent to complainant despite the latter’s demand for its return.
Aggrieved by respondent’s actuations, complainant filed on 30 June 1999 with the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP), Commission on Bar Discipline, the instant complaint for gross misconduct against Respondent. 5
In his Answer dated 24 September 1999, respondent denied having committed any malicious, dishonest or anomalous acts against complainant. Respondent asserted that he did not file the ejectment case because he had not yet received the registry return card evidencing the receipt by Oscar Fauni of the demand letter he sent on 8 March 1999. It could not be said that he misappropriated the P10,000 for the filing fees because complainant, who was then in arrears with her installment payments for his fee, agreed that said P10,000 could be applied in the meantime to her account. Finally, respondent averred that he never withdrew his services as counsel of complainant; rather it was the complainant who explicitly discharged him when she demanded for the return of the amounts she had paid him. 6
In his Report and Recommendation dated 7 May 2001, Investigating Commissioner Atty. Caesar R. Dulay concluded that respondent was less than honest to his client and displayed lack of candor and fidelity to her cause. He cited respondent’s act of (1) making it appear to complainant that as early a 17 February 1999, he already needed P10,000 for filing fees; (2) failing to advise his client as to the real amount of the filing fees; 7 and (3) failing to render an accounting of the monies received and intended as filing fees. Moreover, Commissioner Dulay found respondent guilty of misleading the Commission by his claim of having received the registry return card on 7 April 1999, the truth of the matter being that respondent already received the registry return card on 24 March 1999. He then recommended that respondent be suspended from the practice of law for one month and be ordered to render an accounting of all monies he received from the complainant.chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary
In its Resolution No. XV-2002-239 of 29 June 2002, the Board of Governors of the IBP approved and adopted Atty. Dulay’s Report and Recommendation. It, however, increased the recommended penalty of respondent from one month to six months of suspension from the practice of law.
We agree with the findings and conclusions of Commissioner Dulay, as approved and adopted by the Board of Governors of the IBP.
A lawyer may be disciplined for any conduct, in his professional or private capacity, that renders him unfit to continue to be an officer of the court. Canon 1 of the Code of Professional Responsibility commands all lawyers to uphold at all times the dignity and integrity of the legal profession. Specifically, Rule 1.01 thereof provides:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Rule 1.01 — A lawyer shall not engage in unlawful, dishonest and immoral or deceitful conduct.
There is no need to stretch one’s imagination to arrive at an inevitable conclusion that respondent committed dishonesty and abused the confidence reposed in him by the complainant. Respondent Manuel fully knew that the jurisdictional requirement of demand to vacate had to be complied with before an ejectment case could be filed, 8 and yet he asked complainant to raise the filing fee of P10,000 as early as 17 February 1999. 9 He likewise cannot take refuge behind his claim that he did not file the ejectment case because he had not yet received the registry return card. The records reveal that despite Atty. Manuel’s receipt of the registry return card on 24 March 1999, 10 he still did not file an ejectment case.
Finally, if indeed respondent was in good faith in dealing with complainant, he should have informed or advised the complainant of the status of her case or, at the least, responded to her inquiries. Canon 18, Rule 18.04 provides:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Rule 18.04 — A lawyer shall keep the client informed of the status of his case and shall respond within reasonable time to the client’s request for information.
The relationship of lawyer-client being one of confidence, there is ever present the need for the client to be adequately and fully informed of the developments of the case and should not be left in the dark as to the mode and manner in which his interests are being defended. It is only thus that the trust and faith in the counsel may remain unimpaired. 11
Respondent also failed to comply with the norms embodied in Canon 16 of the Code of Professional Responsibility, to wit:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Canon 16. A lawyer shall hold in trust all moneys and properties of his client that may come into his possession.
Rule 16.01 — A lawyer shall account for all money or property collected or received for or from the client.
In the instant case, respondent received the amount of P10,000 specifically for filing fees in the ejectment case. Thus, he was under the obligation to render an accounting of the same. The highly fiduciary and confidential relation of attorney and client requires that the lawyer should promptly account for all the funds received from, or held by him for, the client. 12
Moreover, a lawyer who obtains possession of the funds and properties of his client in the course of his professional employment shall deliver the same to his client (a) when they become due or (b) upon demand. 13 In the instant case, respondent failed to account and return the P10,000 for the filing fees despite complainant’s repeated demands.
We find untenable respondent’s claim that since complainant was already in arrears with his fees, it was proper for him to apply the filing fees to his attorney’s fees. It has been held that an attorney’s lien is not an excuse for a lawyer’s non-rendition of accounting. 14 And while a lawyer is allowed to apply so much of the client’s funds as may be necessary to satisfy his lawful fees and disbursements, the lawyer is however under the obligation to promptly thereafter notify his client. 15 Nothing on record supports respondent’s claim that complainant was adequately notified as to the application of the P10,000 (for the filing fees) to her arrears.
Besides, the receipt dated 4 March 1999 states that:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
In the event that whatever is left of the P10,000 after the filing of the ejectment case is insufficient for the filing fee in the other collection case, the said balance shall be applied to the installment due for the retainer agreement. 16
A close reading of the receipt reveals that while it authorizes respondent to apply whatever would be left of the P10,000 (intended for the filing fees) to the retainer fee, it clearly presupposes that the filing fee in the ejectment cases must have been paid already.
We find unwarranted respondent’s claim that complainant impliedly terminated his services when she asked for the return of all her documents. Complainant was upset by respondent’s non-filing of the ejectment case. She honestly believed that respondent would already file the ejectment case after giving him the P10,000 for the filing fees. It was thus a spontaneous and natural reaction for her to confront respondent of his inaction. Her belligerence arose from her zealousness to have her former husband ejected from her condominium unit. Assuming that complainant terminated respondent’s services, respondent would not, nonetheless, be relieved of his duty to render the necessary accounting for all the monies received by him from complainant.
Respondent’s actions erode the public perception of the legal profession. They constitute gross misconduct for which he may be suspended, following Section 27, Rule 138 of the Rules of Court, which provides:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Sec. 27. Disbarment or suspension of attorneys by Supreme Court, grounds therefor. — A member of the bar may be disbarred or suspended from his office as attorney by the Supreme Court for any deceit, malpractice, or other gross misconduct in such office, grossly immoral conduct, or by reason of his conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude, or for any violation of the oath which he is required to take before the admission to practice, or for a willful disobedience appearing as attorney for a party without authority to do so.
Complainant asks that respondent be disbarred. However, we find that suspension from the practice of law is sufficient to discipline Respondent. The supreme penalty of disbarment is meted out only in clear cases of misconduct that seriously affect the standing and character of the lawyer as an officer of the court and member of the bar. 17 While we will not hesitate to remove an erring attorney from the esteemed brotherhood of lawyers, where the evidence calls for it, we will also not disbar him where a lesser penalty will suffice to accomplish the desired end. 18 In this case, we find suspension to be sufficient sanction against Respondent. Suspension, we may add, is not primarily intended as punishment, but as a means to protect the public and the legal profession. 19
WHEREFORE, respondent Atty. Iluminado M. Manuel is found GUILTY of gross misconduct and is SUSPENDED from the practice of law for a period of six (6) months, effective immediately, with a warning that a repetition of the same or similar act will be dealt with more severely. Further, respondent is ordered to render, within thirty (30) days from notice of this Resolution, an accounting of all monies received by him from complainant.
Let notice of this Resolution be spread in respondent’s record as an attorney in this Court, and notice thereof be served on the Integrated Bar of the Philippines and on the Office of the Court Administrator for circulation to all the courts concerned.chanrob1es virtua1 1aw 1ibrary
SO ORDERED.
Vitug, Ynares-Santiago, Carpio and Azcuna, JJ., concur.
Endnotes:
1. Exhibit "B," Rollo, 4.
2. Exh. "C–1," Rollo, 5.
3. Exh. "C," Rollo, 5.
4. Exh. "1–B," Rollo, 15.
5. Exh. "A," Rollo, 1–3.
6. Rollo, 7–13.
7. TSN, 24 April 2000, 19–21.
8. TSN, 24 April 2000, 12.
9. TSN, 28 February 2000, 9.
10. TSN, 24 April 2000, 38.
11. Tolentino v. Mangapit, 124 SCRA 741, 745 [1983].
12. In re Bambenger, 49 Phil. 962, 964 [1924].
13. Rule 16.03, Canon 16, Code of Professional Responsibility.
14. Daroy v. Legaspi, 65 SCRA 304, 312 [1975].
15. Canon 16, Rule 16.03, Code of Professional Responsibility.
Rule 16.03 — A lawyer shall deliver the funds and property of his client when due or upon demand. However, he shall have a lien over the funds and may apply so much thereof as may be necessary to satisfy his lawful fee and disbursements, giving notice promptly thereafter to his client.
16. Exh. "C," Rollo 5.
17. Tapucar v. Tapucar, 293 SCRA 331, 339–340 [1998].
18. Saburnido v. Madroño, A.C. No. 4497, September 26, 2001.
19. Magat v. Santiago, 97 SCRA 1, 3 [1980].
