May 2008 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence
G.R. No. 155178 - SAN MIGUEL CORPORATION v. ANGEL C. PONTILLAS
FIRST DIVISION
[G.R. NO. 155178 : May 7, 2008]
SAN MIGUEL CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. ANGEL C. PONTILLAS, Respondent.
D E C I S I O N
CARPIO, J.:
The Case
Before the Court is a Petition for Review assailing the 26 March 2002 Decision1 and the 20 August 2002 Resolution2 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 50680.
The Antecedent Facts
On 24 October 1980, San Miguel Corporation (petitioner) employed Angel C. Pontillas (respondent) as a daily wage company guard. In 1984,3 respondent became a monthly-paid employee which entitled him to yearly increases in salary. Respondent alleged that his yearly salary increases were only a percentage of what the other security guards received.
On 19 October 1993, respondent filed an action for recovery of damages due to discrimination under Article 1004 of the Labor Code of the Philippines (Labor Code), as amended, as well as for recovery of salary differential and backwages, against petitioner, Capt. Segundino D. Fortich (Capt. Fortich), Company Security Commander and head of the Mandaue Security Department, and Director Francisco Manzon, Vice President and Brewery Director. During the mandatory conference on 23 November 1993, respondent questioned the rate of salary increase given him by petitioner.
On 6 December 1993, Ricardo F. Elizagaque (Elizagaque), petitioner's Vice President and VisMin Operations Center Manager, issued a Memorandum ordering, among others, the transfer of responsibility of the Oro Verde Warehouse to the newly-organized VisMin Logistics Operations effective 1 January 1994. In compliance with Elizagaque's Memorandum, Capt. Fortich issued a Memorandum dated 7 February 1994 addressed to Comdr. Danilo C. Flores (Comdr. Flores), VisMin Logistics Operations Manager, effecting the formal transfer of responsibility of the security personnel and equipment in the Oro Verde Warehouse to Major Teodulo F. Enriquez (Major Enriquez), Security Officer of the VisMin Logistics Operations, effective 14 February 1994. Simultaneously, Capt. Fortich gave the same information to his Supervising Security Guards for them to relay the information to the company security guards.
Respondent continued to report at Oro Verde Warehouse. He alleged that he was not properly notified of the transfer and that he did not receive any written order from Capt. Fortich, his immediate superior. Respondent also alleged that he was wary of the transfer because of his pending case against petitioner. He further claimed that two other security guards continue to report at Oro Verde Warehouse despite the order to transfer.
Petitioner alleged that respondent was properly notified of the transfer but he refused to receive 14 memoranda issued by Major Enriquez from 14-27 February 1994. Petitioner also alleged that respondent was given notices of Guard Detail dated 9 February 1994 and 15 February 1994 but he still refused to report for duty at the VisMin Logistics Operations.
In a letter dated 28 February 1994, petitioner informed respondent that an administrative investigation would be conducted on 4 March 1994 relative to his alleged offenses of Insubordination or Willful Disobedience in Carrying Out Reasonable Instructions of his superior. During the investigation, respondent was given an opportunity to present his evidence and be assisted by counsel. In a letter dated 7 April 1994, petitioner informed respondent of its decision to terminate him for violating company rules and regulations, particularly for Insubordination or Willful Disobedience in Carrying Out Reasonable Instructions of his superior.
On 15 June 1994, respondent filed an amended complaint against petitioner for illegal dismissal and payment of backwages, termination pay, moral and exemplary damages, and attorney's fees.
The Ruling of the Labor Arbiter
In a Decision dated 25 October 1996,5 the Labor Arbiter dismissed respondent's complaint for lack of merit. The Labor Arbiter recognized the management prerogative to transfer its employees from one station to another. The Labor Arbiter found nothing prejudicial, unjust, or unreasonable to petitioner's decision to merge the functions of the Materials Management of the Mandaue Brewery and the Physical Distribution Group which resulted to the forming of the VisMin Logistics Operations. The Labor Arbiter ruled that as a consequence of the merger, the instructions and orders to all security personnel should necessarily come from the security officer of the new organization. Hence, respondent's allegation that his transfer order should come from Capt. Fortich and not from Major Enriquez was misleading. The Labor Arbiter ruled that respondent was informed of the impending merger, verbally and in writing, as early as 6 December 1993.
The Labor Arbiter further ruled that petitioner did not violate Article 100 of the Labor Code. The Labor Arbiter ruled that respondent's claim that giving him a day-off twice a month resulted to diminution of his monthly take-home pay was an erroneous interpretation of the Labor Code, which even required employers to give their employees a rest day per week. The Labor Arbiter also ruled that there was no basis for the allegation that respondent was discriminated against in the annual salary increases.
The Labor Arbiter ruled that respondent was accorded due process before his termination from the service. He was investigated with the assistance of counsel, and he was able to confront petitioner's witnesses and present evidence in his favor.
Respondent appealed from the Labor Arbiter's Decision.
The Ruling of the NLRC
In its 23 May 1997 Decision,6 the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) set aside the Labor Arbiter's Decision. The NLRC ruled that respondent was not informed of his transfer from Oro Verde Warehouse to VisMin Logistics Operations. The notices allegedly sent to respondent did not indicate any receipt from respondent. The NLRC also ruled that the notations in the notices stating "Refused to sign" appeared to be written by the same person on just one occasion. The NLRC found that respondent was waiting for a formal notice from Capt. Fortich, who only instructed his Supervising Security Guard, Rodrigo T. Yocte, to remind respondent of his transfer and new assignment. The NLRC declared that the notices sent by Major Enriquez had no binding effect because he was not respondent's superior. The NLRC held that it was premature to charge respondent with insubordination for his failure to comply with the order of someone who was not his department head. The NLRC stated that respondent had good reason to continue reporting at Oro Verde Warehouse.
The NLRC further ruled that respondent was a victim of discrimination. The NLRC declared that petitioner failed to justify why respondent was not entitled to the full rate of salary increases enjoyed by other security guards.
The dispositive portion of the NLRC's Decision reads:
WHEREFORE, the decision of the Executive Labor Arbiter is hereby VACATED and SET ASIDE and judgment is hereby rendered:
1. Declaring the dismissal of complainant to be without any just cause and, therefore, illegal;
2. Ordering respondent San Miguel Corporation to reinstate the complainant to his former position without loss of seniority rights and other privileges and with full backwages, inclusive of allowances and other benefits or their monetary equivalent, computed from April 8, 1994 up to his actual reinstatement. However, should reinstatement be no longer feasible, respondent San Miguel Corporation shall pay to complainant, in addition to his full backwages, separation pay of one (1) month pay for every year of service, a period of six (6) months to be considered as one (1) whole year;
3. Ordering respondent San Miguel Corporation to pay to complainant moral damages of
P50,000.00 and exemplary damages ofP20,000.00; andcralawlibrary4. Ordering respondent San Miguel Corporation to pay to complainant the sum equivalent to ten percent (10%) of the total monetary award, for and as attorney's fees.
SO ORDERED.7
Petitioner filed a motion for reconsideration. In its 27 February 1998 Resolution,8 the NLRC partially granted the motion by deleting the award of moral and exemplary damages. The NLRC ruled that there was no showing on record that the discrimination against respondent was tainted with bad faith. Thus:
WHEREFORE, in view of all the foregoing, the instant motion for reconsideration is hereby PARTIALLY GRANTED only with respect to the award of moral and exemplary damages which are hereby deleted.
SO ORDERED.9
Petitioner filed a petition for certiorari before the Court of Appeals.
The Ruling of the Court of Appeals
In its 26 March 2002 Decision, the Court of Appeals affirmed with modification the NLRC's Decision.
The Court of Appeals ruled that under Article 282(a) of the Labor Code, as amended, an employer may terminate an employment for serious misconduct or willful disobedience by the employee of the lawful orders of his employer or his representative in connection with his work. However, disobedience requires the concurrence of at least two requisites: (1) the employee's assailed conduct must have been willful or intentional, and the willfulness must be characterized by a wrongful and perverse attitude; and (2) the order violated must have been reasonable, lawful, made known to the employee and must pertain to the duties which he had been engaged to discharge.
The Court of Appeals ruled that there was no sufficient evidence that would show that respondent's failure to report to his new superior was willful and characterized by a perverse and wrongful attitude. The Court of Appeals ruled that respondent was waiting for his former superior to formally inform him of his new assignment. The Court of Appeals further ruled that respondent was suspicious of petitioner's intention to transfer him in view of the pendency of the case he filed against petitioner. The Court of Appeals ruled that there was a clear indication that respondent was a victim of retaliatory measures from petitioner.
The dispositive portion of the Court of Appeals' Decision reads:
IN VIEW OF THE FOREGOING, the assailed decision and resolution of public respondent NLRC are hereby AFFIRMED with the modification that, in lieu of reinstatement, private respondent should be paid separation pay, equivalent to one (1) month salary for every year of service. No pronouncement as to costs.
SO ORDERED.10
Petitioner filed a motion for reconsideration. In its 20 August 2002 Resolution, the Court of Appeals denied the motion.
Hence, the petition before this Court.
The Issue
The issue in this case is the legality of respondent's dismissal from employment.
The Ruling of this Court
The petition has merit.
Validity of Notice of Appeal
We first discuss a side issue which petitioner raises before the Court. Petitioner alleges that there was no valid substitution of respondent's counsel. Petitioner alleges that Atty. Vigilius M. Santiago (Atty. Santiago) filed a notice of entry of appearance as respondent's counsel of record and filed an appeal from the Labor Arbiter's Decision without complying with Section 26, Rule 138 of the Rules of Court. Since there was no valid substitution of counsel, the appeal filed by Atty. Santiago was ineffective. Petitioner alleges that since Atty. Ricardo Cipriano (Atty. Cipriano), the counsel of record, did not appeal from the Labor Arbiter's Decision, the Decision became final and executory.
The contention has no merit.
A party may have two or more lawyers working in collaboration in a given litigation.11 Substitution of counsel should not be presumed from the mere filing of a notice of appearance of a new lawyer.12 The fact that a second attorney enters his appearance for the same party does not necessarily raise the presumption that the authority of the first attorney has been withdrawn.13 The entry of appearearance of Atty. Santiago should not give rise to the presumption that Atty. Cipriano withdrew his appearance as counsel in the absence of a formal withdrawal of appearance. Atty. Santiago should only be treated as collaborating counsel despite his appearance as "the new counsel of record." Petitioner even observed that the NLRC's Decision was not sent to Atty. Santiago but to Atty. Cipriano. Even in its petition before the Court, petitioner sent copies of the petition not only to Atty. Santiago but also to Atty. Cipriano, thus acknowledging that Atty. Cipriano remains as respondent's counsel.
Since a lawyer is presumed to be properly authorized to represent any cause in which he appears,14 Atty. Santiago is presumed to be acting within his authority as collaborating counsel when he filed the appeal from the Labor Arbiter's Decision. For as long as Atty. Santiago filed the notice of appeal within the reglementary period, reckoned from the time Atty. Cipriano received the Labor Arbiter's Decision, the NLRC did not abuse its discretion in entertaining the appeal.
Validity of Dismissal from Employment
Respondent was dismissed for a just cause.
An employer may terminate an employment for serious misconduct or willful disobedience by the employee of the lawful orders of his employer or representative in connection with his work.15 Willful disobedience requires the concurrence of two elements: (1) the employee's assailed conduct must have been willful, that is, characterized by a wrongful and perverse attitude; and (2) the order violated must have been reasonable, lawful, made known to the employee, and must pertain to the duties which he had been engaged to discharge.16
The records show that respondent was not singled out for the transfer. Respondent's transfer was the effect of the integration of the functions of the Mandaue Brewery - Materials Management and the Physical Distribution group into a unified logistics organization, the VisMin Logistics Operations. The 6 December 1993 Memorandum of Elizagaque showed the transfer to the VisMin Logistics Operations of the following functions:
1. Bottle Yard Operations (including direct loading of route/overland truck and Remuco forklift operations); andcralawlibrary
2. Transporation Management (car/service pick-ups, dump trucks, flatbed and firetruck)17
The Memorandum also showed that the following assets were also transferred to the new VisMin Logistics Operations:
1. Oro Verde Warehouse
2. Raw Sugar Warehouse
3. ARMS Bldg. & Training Center
4. Malt Bagging Plant
5. Weigh Bridge
6. Planters' Warehouse, Wharf & Offices
7. Cars/Service Pick-ups
8. Dump Trucks
9. Flat Bed
10. Fire Truck
11. Gas Station
12. B. Yeast Tanker18
In other words, the entire Oro Verde Warehouse, to which unit respondent belonged, was affected by the integration.
We do not agree that respondent was not formally notified of the transfer. The Memorandum dated 7 February 1994 of Capt. Fortich to Comdr. Flores states:
2. This is to formalize the transfer of security operations and control of all security personnel and equipment at subject warehouses, effective 14 Feb 94.
3. Security personnel involved will be verbally informed of the transfer for smooth transition and proper coordination will be made to the Secutiy Officer of VISMIN Logistics Operations.19
As early as 9 February 1994, Major Enriquez, the head of the VisMin Logistics Operations and thus, respondent's new superior, issued a guard detail for 14-20 February 1994.20 All agency guards signed the detail, except respondent who refused to sign.21 On 15 February 1994, Major Enriquez again issued a guard detail for 21-27 February 1994.22 Again, all security guards concerned signed the detail except respondent who refused to sign. Major Enriquez issued successive memoranda23 to respondent officially informing him of his transfer to the VisMin Logistics Operations but respondent refused to sign all the notices.
The employer exercises the prerogative to transfer an employee for valid reasons and according to the requirements of its business, provided the transfer does not result in demotion in rank or diminution of the employee's salary, benefits, and other privileges.24 In this case, we found that the order of transfer was reasonable and lawful considering the integration of Oro Verde Warehouse with VisMin Logistics Operations. Respondent was properly informed of the transfer but he refused to receive the notices on the pretext that he was wary because of his pending case against petitioner. Respondent failed to prove that petitioner was acting in bad faith in effecting the transfer. There was no demotion involved, or even a diminution of his salary, benefits, and other privileges. Respondent's persistent refusal to obey petitioner's lawful order amounts to willful disobedience under Article 282 of the Labor Code.
WHEREFORE, we GRANT the petition. We SET ASIDE the 26 March 2002 Decision and the 20 August 2002 Resolution of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 50680. We REINSTATE the 25 October 1996 Decision of the Labor Arbiter.
SO ORDERED.
Puno, C.J., Chairperson, Azcuna, Velasco, Jr.*, Leonardo-de Castro, JJ., concur.
Endnotes:
* As replacement of Justice Renato C. Corona who is on leave per Administrative Circular No. 84 - 2007.
1 Rollo, pp. 65-77. Penned by Associate Justice Eriberto U. Rosario, Jr. with Associate Justices Oswaldo D. Agcaoili and Mariano C. Del Castillo, concurring.
2 Id. at 79. Penned by Associate Justice Mariano C. Del Castillo with Associate Justices Oswaldo D. Agcaoili and Danilo B. Pine, concurring.
3 Erroneously stated as 1994 in the Labor Arbiter's Decision. CA rollo, p. 247.
4 Article 100 prohibits elimination or diminution of employee benefits.
5 CA rollo, pp. 247-260. Penned by Labor Arbiter Oscar S. Uy.
6 Id. at 47-57. Penned by Presiding Commissioner Irenea E. Ceniza with Commissioner Amorito V. Cañete, concurring and Commissioner Bernabe S. Batuhan, dissenting.
7 Id. at 56-57.
8 Id. at 58-65, with Commissioner Batuhan maintaining his dissent.
9 Id. at 65.
10 Rollo, p. 76.
11 Tan v. CA, 341 Phil. 570 (1997).
12 Elbiña v. Ceniza, G.R. No. 154019, 10 August 2006, 498 SCRA 438.
13 Id.
14 Section 21, Rule 138, Rules of Court. Fernandez v. Aniñon, G.R. No. 138967, 24 April 2007, 522 SCRA 1.
15 Article 282 of the Labor Code.
16 Sadagnot v. Reinier Pacific International Shipping, Inc., G.R. No. 152636, 8 August 2007, 529 SCRA 413.
17 CA rollo, p. 84.
18 Id.
19 Id. at 85.
20 Id. at 89.
21 Id.
22 Id. at 103.
23 Id. at 95-110. Dated 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27 February 1994.
24 Genuino Ice Company, Inc. v. Magpantay, G.R. No. 147790, 27 June 2006, 493 SCRA 195.
