SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

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EN BANC

G.R. No. L-9515 February 20, 1957

MARIA B. CASTRO, Petitioner, vs. HON. BIENVENIDO A. TAN, judge of the Court of First Instance of Manila, Branch XIII and WILLIAM L. BURR, Respondents.

Rosendo Tansinsin for petitioner.
Jose Ma. Recto and Paterno R. Canlas for respondents.

BENGZON, J.:

In a detainer suit in the Manila municipal court, William L. Burr was ordered to pay Maria B. Castro accured rents amounting to P9,225 plus P1,000 as attorney's fees.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library

Burr appealed to the Court of First Instance and filed a supersedeas bond in the amount of P10,225 "to secure the payment to the plaintiff (Castro) of the rents, damages and costs adjudicated to the plaintiff in the appealed decision up to the rendition thereof in the event the said decision be affirmed by the appellate court". It was subscribed by him as principal, and by the Associated Insurance & Surety Co., Inc. as surety.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library

After a regular hearing, the Hon. Bienvenido A. Tan, judge of the Manila court of first instance, found that full enjoyment of his mental-faculties. It should be stated reversed the decision, and awarded Burr P2,000 as attorney's fees to be paid by plaintiff after deducting the corresponding rent for five days. About a week later, Burr submitted a motion to cancel the supersedeas bond, for being functus officio, in view of the decision favorable to him, Maria B. Castro objected, contending that the Court's decision had not yet become final, and that the bond answered for rents "down to the time of final judgment in the action".chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library

The judge granted the motion explaining (1) there was no reason for the bond to subsist, inasmuch as the decision it sought to stay had become functus officio and (2) the supersedeas bond should continue only when "it is the defendant who appeals from the decision of the court of first instance" - which was not the case.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library

Having failed in a motion to reconsider, Maria B. Castro instituted this special civil action to vacate the order of cancellation, alleging want of jurisdiction and/or abuse of discretion.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library

Thereafter she brought to the Court of Appeals the main case, insisting on her right to collect rents. And she won: she got in that Court judgment for rents in the sum of P9,225. But the quashing of the bond was not discussed in such appeal.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library

Answering the complaint before us, William L. Burr as respondent defended his co-respondent's order on the very grounds herein before stated. He also argued that petitioner should have appealed the order in due time to the Court of Appeals, instead of starting this new litigation.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library

One thing is noticeable: the Associated Insurance & Surety Co., Inc. is not a party before this Court. Therefore any judgment in this case revoking Judge Tan's order Surety Co. To direct its inclusion will not do; because as to such surety the cancellation order has become final long ago.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library

On the other hand, a judgment herein against Burr would entail no material advantage to petitioner. Bond or on bond, she is entitled to recover rents from him in accordance with the decision of the Court of Appeals.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library

Now, then, as the other respondent is merely a nominal party, the issues framed for our resolution become no more than academic, of no practical effect.

. . ., as a general rule it is not within the function of a court to act upon and decide a moot question or speculative, theoretical, or abstract question or proposition, or purely academic question, . . . .chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library

The application of the rule that a court will not determine moot questions or abstract propositions has resulted in other expressions or rules to the effect that the court will not express an opinion in a case in which no practical relief can be granted, or which can have no practical effect; . . . . (1 C.J.S. pp. 1013-1015.)

This case is moot and should be, as it is hereby dismissed ¹ without costs. So ordered.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary chanrobles virtual law library

Paras, C.J., Padilla, Montemayor, Reyes, A., Bautista Angelo, Labrador, Concepcion, Reyes, J.B.L., Endencia and Felix, JJ., concur.

Endnotes:

¹ Gardu�o vs. Diaz, 46 Phil. 472; Moon vs. Harison, 43 Phil. 28; Yu Sio vs. Court of Appeals, 47 Off. Gaz. 5087.