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EN BANC

G.R. No. L-13900            October 31, 1960

THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs. BLAS ABLAO, ET AL., defendants.
BLAS ABLAO, FELIX ARCILLA and MODESTO MAGUBAT, Defendants-Appellants.

Violeta de Guzman Bissel for appellants.
Asst. Solicitor General Esmeraldo Umali and Solicitor Conrado T. Limcaoco for appellee.

BENGZON, J.:

Review of a judgment imposing the death penalty upon Blas Ablao, Felix Arcilla and Modesto Mangubat.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

These three together with David Cotauco, Jr., were charged with murder and double frustrated murder committed, according to the information, as follows:

That on or about 1 o'clock in the morning of December 23, 1957, in the Municipality of Mercedes, Province of Camarines Norte, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, conspiring, confederating, and helping one another, did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously with intent to rob, enter the house of Leoncio Egos by force and once using a hammer and dagger while the latter was asleep, causing and inflicting several wounds in different parts of his body and head which caused his death, and also assault and attack one Maria Vargas de Egos and Dominador Egos , causing serious physical injuries which, without the timely intervention of medical aid, the said Maria Vargas de Egos and her son Dominador Egos were left for dead, said family were robbed of cash and other personal belongings in the sum of P600.00, Philippine currency, to the damage and prejudice of the said family of Leoncio Egos.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

The crime was committed with the aggravating circumstances of superior strength and nighttime.

David Catauco, Jr., Died December 26, 1957.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

Upon arraignment in the Camarines Norte court of first instance, Blas Ablao, 55, and Felix Arcilla, after expressly waiving their right to counsel, pleaded guilty.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

Modesto Mangubat denied all responsibility; and was accordingly given a trial during which his co-accused Arcilla and Ablao and other witnesses testified for the prosecution. He came he had nothing to do with the crime. Nevertheless, the judge found him guilty, and in one decision, sentenced the said three defendants to suffer the extreme penalty, and to indemnify the heirs of the deceased in the sum of three thousand pesos. They were also required to pay P600.00 to Maria Vargas in addition to the costs.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

The record shows that early in the morning of December 23, 1957, the three prisoners, were drinking wine in the store of one Manuel Dinka, in the municipality of Mercedes, province of Camarines Norte. There they agreed and planned to raid the house and store of Leoncio Egos, which was located about 300 meters away, near the seashore . Accordingly, they proceeded to the place, and there Modesto and Blas entered the kitchen door. Arcilla stood guard at that entrance, armed with a piece of wood. Upon discovering Leoncio Egos asleep, Modesto Mangubat stabbed him several times with a knife (balisong). A son of Leoncio, Dominador, eleven years old, was awaken and shouted. Whereupon, Blas Ablao struck him with a hammer even as Mangubat stabbed him several times too. That was not all; Mangubat went to another bed and stabbed Leoncio's wife, wife, Maria Vargas, who was also hit by Ablao. Result: Leoncio Egos died soon after; his wife and ,son sustained several wounds, which would produced death had it not been for the timely medical services they received from Drs. Ramos and Gaerlan at the provincial hospital. Several canned goods disappeared from the store together with Maria Vargas' money amounting to P600.00, Modesto took from her "aparador."chanrobles virtual law library

Apprehended after four days at the indication of the injured, these prisoners were investigated, and then brought to the justice of the peace and the Clerk of Court before whom they voluntary signed statements revealing their complicity in the bloody depredation. (Exhs. A, B, B-I and II).chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

Whereupon, this prosecution started on January 7, 1958, before the justice of the peace court, with a complaint subscribed by Capt. Jose N. Bolinao of the Philippine Constabulary. In his order forwarding the case to the court of first instance, the justice of the peace stated that these three defendants pleaded guilty to the charge of robbery with murder and double frustrated murder.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

In the face of above facts, the court rendered judgment as herein stated. The record was forwarded for revision pursuant to Rule 118, sec. 9.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

The attorney appointed by this Court to represent the interests of the three defendants, has filed a brief practically admitting the main facts found by the trial court as herein set forth, but ascribing errors in the appreciation of the circumstances affecting the criminal liability of the accused.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

There is no doubt about the guilt of Blas Ablao and Felix Arcilla. On January, 17, 1958, when they were arraigned, they pleaded guilty to the charge. At the beginning of the trial of Mangubat on January 29, same year, the court explained to them the probable consequences of their plea; nevertheless, they reiterated in open court, their admission of guilt previously made. Moreover, declaring for the prosecution, they described with reluctance their respective acts of commission and/or co-operation, although Blas claimed he was "ordered " by Mangubat to hit the boy and his mother, whereas Arcilla claimed he was threatened with a balisong by Mangubat to join the nocturnal expedition. Needless to say, the "order" was no excuse. And as to the alleged threat, Arcilla could have left after Mangubat and Blas had entered the house; instead he stood guard at the door, wielding a club obviously to prevent others from helping the victims or to inform his companions of the arrival of any outside help.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

Mangubat asserted he and Cotauco, Jr., had joined his two co-defendants that night, at the latter's invitation, and in the belief they where going to have a drink; and that he merely stayed outside the house of Egos, with David Cotauco, Jr. His story, however, flatly contradicts the version given by his two co-defendants, who should be presumed to have told the truth, because they could have expected no possible gain, since they had repeatedly admitted their guilt. Besides, he was positively identified by Leoncio Egos as assailant of his unfortunate father, and himself.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

The crime was robbery with homicide.¹chanrobles virtual law library

We agree to the contention of the counsel de ofico that there was no evident premeditation, nor unlawful entry. In fact, the Solicitor General's brief admits error in the matter. We also think nocturnity should not be another aggravating circumstance, not for the reason indicated by counsel de oficio, but for the reason that it is imbibed in the circumstance of treachery which necessarily must be taken into account because two armed men attacked a sleeping person, and boy. Against the accused must also be considered the circumstance of dwelling, and disregard of the sex of one of the offended parties.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

On the other hand, the accused Ablao and Arcilla are entitled to the mitigation of plea of guilt. And all the three accused have in their favor the circumstance of in their favor the circumstance of intoxication, inasmuch as the evidence shows that they had been shows they had been drinking wine in the store of Dinka, immediately before committing the crime.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

There is thus a majority of aggravating circumstances. However, to lack of sufficient votes, the death penalty may not be imposed. Instead, the prisoners will be confined for life. Thus modified, the judgment of the court below is affirmed, with costs. So ordered.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library

Paras, C.J., Padilla, Baustista Angelo, Labrador, Reyes, J. B. L., Barrera, Gutierrez David and Paredes, JJ., concur.

Endnotes:

¹ Art. 294, Revised Penal Code; People vs. Manuel, 44 Phil., 333; People vs. Mantawar, 80 Phil., 817.