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SUPREME COURT DECISIONS
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EN BANC
G.R. No. L-21757 November 26, 1968
THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs. KASILA SANGARAN, Defendant-Appellant.
Office of the Assistant Solicitor General Antonio G. Ibarra and Solicitor Crispin V. Bautista for plaintiff-appellee.
Ignacio V. Espanol for defendant-appellant.
DIZON, J.:
Appeal from a decision of the Court of First Instance of Lanao del Norte finding Kasila Sangaran guilty of murder and sentencing him to reclusion perpetua with all the accessories of the law, to indemnify the heirs of the deceased Gregorio Lumacao in the sum of P6,000, without subsidiary imprisonment in case of insolvency, and to pay the costs.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
On June 8, 1959 a complaint for murder was filed in the Justice of the Peace Court of Bacolod, Province of Lanao, against Rascal Tagua and another person whose name was then unknown and was, therefore, charged under the name of John Doe, in connection with the killing of Gregorio Lumacao at about six o'clock in the evening of the same month and year at Sitio Dimarao, Pagayawan, Bacolod, Lanao. The preliminary investigation having been waived, the case was remanded to the Court of First Instance of said province where an information against Tagua alone was filed under date of July 31, 1959 (Criminal Case No. 336). In the course of the trial appellant herein was apprehended this giving rise to the filing of an amended complaint in the same Judge of the Peace Court (Criminal Case No. 83). As appellant also waived the preliminary investigation, the case was remanded to the Court of First Instance of the province where a separate information for murder was filed against him and was docketed as Criminal Case No. 487. Upon arraignment, he pleaded not guilty and subsequently he underwent separate trial.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
In the meantime, after the trial of Criminal Case No. 336, Tagua was acquitted. After the trial in Criminal Case 487, on the other hand, Sangaran was found guilty and sentenced as mentioned heretofore.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
The trial court found that at about 6 o'clock in the evening of June 1, 1959, in Sitio Dimarao, Pagayawan, Municipality of Bacolod, Lanao del Norte, Gregorio Lumacao and his sons Amperio and Victorio - hardly 14 and 15 years of age at that time - were in their house. The latter, however, went out to look for some pineapples and bananas which he had hidden somewhere near their house. At that place he saw two persons - Tagua and appellant - one sitting on a fallen tree and the other standing nearby with a carbine in his hands. As it seemed to Victorio that one of them had looked at him rather menacingly, he got scared and returned to his house to inform his father about their presence. Thereupon their father instructed Anacleto Patay, a tenant, and his other son to go and find out who the two suspicious persons were. This they did, but upon arrival at the spot where Victorio had seen them, they found the place already deserted. Shortly after their return to the house, they heard shots coming from the same place where Victoria had seen Tagua and his companion. To calm his children Gregorio told them that what they had heard were mere firecrackers.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Shortly thereafter, Gregorio and his children took their supper. Having finished eating, Gregorio stood up and went towards the window of the house to drink. While he was drinking a shot was fired and hit him on the head, as a result of which he died.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
After an investigation made by Sgt. Lumaque of the Philippine Constabulary, a complaint for murder was filed against Rascal Tagua and John Doe because the true name of his companion had not been ascertained at that time. On June 20, 1960, the true name of the latter having been ascertained after he was identified by Victorio Lumacao, the same P.C. sergeant filed an amended complaint against Tagua and herein appellant, which became the basis of the information filed by the Fiscal on July 25 of the same year.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
The main evidence against appellant consists of the sworn statement of Tagua now in the record as Exhibit E and Exhibit E-1, the substance of whose contents was reiterated by him on the witness stand, and the testimony on rebuttal of Victoria Lumacao. This evidence, according to appellant is insufficient to prove his guilt beyond reasonable doubt, while the defense evidence proves his innocence.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Laying aside the contents of the sworn statement of Tagua taken on June 6, 1959, that is, five days after Gregorio Lumacao was murdered, there is still, with the testimony of Victoria Lumacao, sufficient evidence to sustain conviction. His testimony on cross-examination as a rebuttal witness is the following:chanrobles virtual law library
DIRECT EXAMINATION
FISCAL LAYA:chanrobles virtual law library
Q According to accused Kasila Sangaran, you and him are good friends. What can you say about that?chanrobles virtual law library
A That is not true. We are not friends.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q And that you also see each other and that he even greets you?chanrobles virtual law library
A That is not true.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q Do you know him?chanrobles virtual law library
A I only knew him now but before I did not know him.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q When you said "before", do you refer to the time before your father was killed?chanrobles virtual law library
A Yes sir, I do not know him before the death of my father.
THAT IS ALL WITH THE WITNESS.
CROSS-EXAMINATION
ATTY. ESPANOL:chanrobles virtual law library
Q Do I understand from you that you only come to know him now?chanrobles virtual law library
A When he was apprehended and brought to the municipal building that was the time when I knew him.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q How did you happen to be there?chanrobles virtual law library
A Because he was the one whom I saw who shot.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
COURT:chanrobles virtual law library
Q Was he alone when you saw him shot your father?chanrobles virtual law library
A Two of them.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q Who was the other one?chanrobles virtual law library
A Rascal Tagua.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q Who was carrying the gun?chanrobles virtual law library
A Rascal Tagua.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q And who fired at your father?chanrobles virtual law library
ATTY. ESPANOL:
He did not see your honor.
COURT:chanrobles virtual law library
Q Did you see who fired at your father?chanrobles virtual law library
A I saw.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q Who was the person who fired at your father?chanrobles virtual law library
A Kasila. While they were still hiding on a coconut tree near the road, it was Rascal holding the carbine but it was Kasila who shot my father.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q Where were you at the time?chanrobles virtual law library
A I was in my house.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q How did you happen to witness the shooting of your father?chanrobles virtual law library
A I was at the window of our house because our kitchen has no walling.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q What time of the day was it?chanrobles virtual law library
A About 6:30 in the afternoon.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q Was it already dark?chanrobles virtual law library
A It was quite dark.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q How far were you from the place where you were staying in the kitchen of your house to the place where you saw the accused?chanrobles virtual law library
A (Witness pointed to a distance of about 10 meters)chanrobles virtual law library
Q Could you clearly recognize?chanrobles virtual law library
A Yes.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q Have you ever seen Kasila Sangaran before that day?chanrobles virtual law library
A The first time I saw them was under the coffee trees.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q How many did you see under the coffee trees?chanrobles virtual law library
A Rascal Tagua and Kasila.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q What were they doing?chanrobles virtual law library
A When I went to find out whether the pineapple that I hid was already ripe I saw Rascal Tagua and Kasila in front hiding under the coffee trees and when I first went near them they were fiercingly looking at me so I run home to report to my father.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q After that occasion, how many more occasions have you seen the face of Kasila Sangaran?chanrobles virtual law library
A That was the only occasion and when I returned to where they were hiding they were no longer there and a little after I heard a shot fired.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q About that Rascal Tagua, have you seen him before that night of the incident?chanrobles virtual law library
A I saw them while they were hiding.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q No, have you seen them before this occasion? chanrobles virtual law library
A I saw Rascal Tagua before. He used to go to our place bringing with him fighting cock.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q And you already knew his name?chanrobles virtual law library
A Yes sir.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q How about this accused, did you know his name when you saw him that night of June 1, 1959?chanrobles virtual law library
A No.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q If you saw him, why did you not testify to the authorities that this Kasila was the very one who fired at your father?chanrobles virtual law library
A How could I tell, even the soldiers were looking for them.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q Looking for whom?chanrobles virtual law library
A The assailant of my father.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q Were they looking for a particular person or they were just looking for a particular suspect?chanrobles virtual law library
A There was a person.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q Who was the very person they were looking for?chanrobles virtual law library
A The soldiers were looking for Rascal Tagua and Kasila Sangaran.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q Did you reveal to the soldiers what you have seen that night?chanrobles virtual law library
A Yes, sir, I told them in the municipal building.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q Did you tell the soldiers that you saw Kasila Sangaran to have fired his rifle against your father?chanrobles virtual law library
A Yes, sir.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q How many days after the killing did you reveal that to the soldiers?chanrobles virtual law library
A The following day we reported the matter to the authorities in the municipal building.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Q Did you mention the name of Kasila Sangaran or you could not mention that name because you did not know him before?chanrobles virtual law library
A When they were arrested I identified the two accused as the ones who killed my father.
His Honor, the trial judge, who penned the decision appealed from and before whom Victorio Lumacao testified, says the following regarding his credibility -
The Court has observed Victorio Lumacao testifying in open court in behalf of the prosecution his demeanor and his quick spontaneous answer show that he was telling what was impressed in his mind as he saw the events happening without any alteration. Besides, he was corroborated in many details by other witnesses and more particularly by Rascal Tagua himself.
A careful examination of the record discloses nothing that would justify the conclusion that His Honor, the trial judge, erred in giving full faith and credit to the above testimony.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
On the other hand, appellant tried to prove that he was implicated by Tagua because of rivalry between them over a lady living in Barrio Dimarao; that it was Tagua who killed Gregorio Lumacao with whom he had a quarrel because he had killed the latter's pig one week before the murder, for the reason that the animal had destroyed some of his plants.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
We agree with the trial court that this version can not be accepted. It must be borne in mind that Tagua and appellant, according to the evidence, were together on the evening in question and he had pointed to appellant as the one who fired the fatal shot when he was investigated a few days after the murder. To this We must add the circumstance that the alleged rivalry between appellant and Tagua was not satisfactorily established. Consequently, it can not be said that the trial court erred in not accepting the story given by him and his witnesses and in accepting the testimony of Victorio Lumacao which, in substance, tallies with the contents of Tagua's sworn statement mentioned heretofore. The further circumstance that Victorio Lumacao had no apparent reason to falsely testify against appellant shows that the trial court was right in accepting his testimony as true.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
WHEREFORE, the appealed decision being in accordance with law and the evidence, the same is hereby affirmed, without costs, except as to the indemnity which is hereby increased to P12,000.00.chanroblesvirtualawlibrarychanrobles virtual law library
Concepcion, C.J., Reyes, J.B.L., Makalintal, Zaldivar, Sanchez, Castro, Fernando and Capistrano, JJ., concur.
