US SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

1. Under the Tariff Act of June 30, 1864, which lays a specific duty per gallon upon wines and an ad valorem duty also, with a proviso that no champagne in bottles shall pay a less rate than $6 per dozen (quart) or two dozen (pint) bottles, the effect is that if the specific duty upon the gallon and the ad valorem duty exceed the sum of six dollars per dozen (quart) or two dozen (pint), the rate thus estimated will be the duty imposed. It is only when the rate falls under the sum of $6 that no less sum is chargeable.

2. Any entry of champagne wines knowingly made by means of false invoices, false certificates to the consul, or by means of any other false or fraudulent documents or papers forfeits it, irrespective of the fact that if the entry had been truly made, the duty would have been no greater. The penalty is attached to the act of false entry, not to the result which such entry may, in the specific instance, produce on the revenue.

The Revenue Act of March 3, 1863, [Footnote 1] provides that every invoice of goods imported from a foreign country (when obtained otherwise than by purchase and subject to ad valorem duty) shall have endorsed upon it a declaration signed by the owner, agent &c., setting forth that it contains "a true chanrobles.com-red

Page 70 U. S. 561

and full statement of the actual market value thereof at the time when and the place where they were procured or manufactured," and further that if any such owner, agent, consignee &c., of any goods, shall knowingly make, or attempt to make an entry thereof by means

"of any invoice which shall not contain a true statement of all the particulars herein before required, or by means of any other false or fraudulent document or paper or any other false or fraudulent practice or appliance whatsoever, said goods &c., shall be forfeited"

&c.

The Tariff Act of June 30, 1864, [Footnote 2] lays the following duties:

"On wines of all kinds, valued at not over fifty cents per gallon, twenty cents per gallon and twenty-five percentum ad valorem; valued at over fifty cents, and not over one dollar per gallon, fifty cents per gallon, and twenty-five percentum ad valorem; valued at over one dollar per gallon and twenty-five percentum ad valorem, provided that no champagne or sparkling wines in bottles shall pay a less rate of duty than six dollars per dozen bottles, each bottle containing not more than one quart, and more than one pint, or six dollars per two dozen bottles, each bottle containing not more than one point."

With these statutes in force, a libel for undervaluation was filed in the District Court for the Northern District of California against a quantity of champagne imported from France to the port of San Francisco, and entered at the customs there in November, 1864. On the trial, evidence was given tending to prove that the wines in question were knowingly invoiced by their manufacturers at prices below the actual market value at the time when and place where they were manufactured, that he knowingly entered them at the customs on an invoice that did not state such actual market value, and that such actual market value was forty-eight francs per case of twelve (quart) bottles.

The court charged that under the Act of June 30, 1864, the undervaluation did not affect the amount or rate of chanrobles.com-red

Page 70 U. S. 562

duties chargeable on the wines; that if they had been invoiced and entered at their true and actual market value, they would still have been subject to a specific duty of but six dollars per dozen (quart) bottles, and therefore that the wines were not forfeited by reason of their having been knowingly entered on a false invoice.

The idea of the learned district judge, so far as the reporter could understand a case which came up on a very meager record and was not argued here at all on one side, and by short brief only on the other, was this. The true, actual market value of the wine at the place of production was forty-eight francs or (estimating the franc at its custom house valuation of 18 cents 6 mills) $8.92 for twelve quarts in bottles. [Footnote 3] This would make the wine worth $2.97 per gallon, on which the ad valorem duty (25 p.c. per gallon), would be:

For three gallons, or the whole twelve bottles . . . .75

Adding the specific duty ($1 per gallon) . . . . . . 3.00

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Gave the entire duty, independently of the proviso . $3.75

But the importer had paid at any rate $6, and paid, therefore, just as much as he would have paid had he given in the true, actual market value of 48 francs per dozen quart bottles.

The claimant having had judgment, and this being approved by the circuit court, the case was now here on writ of error for review. chanrobles.com-red

Page 70 U. S. 563