26 C.F.R. § 1.367(a)-1T Transfers to foreign corporations subject to section 367(a): In general (temporary).
Title 26 - Internal Revenue
(a) Purpose and scope of regulations. These regulations set forth rules relating to the provisions of section 367(a) concerning certain transfers of property to foreign corportions. This section provides general rules explaining the effect of section 367(a)(1) and describing the transfers of property that are subject to the rule of that section. Section 1.367(a)–2T provides rules concerning the exception from the rule of section 367(a)(1) for transfers of property to be used in the active conduct of a trade or business outside of the United States. Rules concerning the application of section 367(a)(1) to transfers of stock or securities are provided in §1.367(a)–3, while §1.367(a)–4T provides special rules regarding other specified transfers of property. Section 1.367(a)–5T describes types of property that are subject to the rule of section 367(a)(1) regardless of whether they are transferred for use in a trade or business. Section 1.367(a)–6T provides rules concerning the application of section 367(a) to the transfer of a branch with previously deducted losses. Finally, §1.367(a)–7T contains transitional rules concerning transfers of intangible property to foreign corporations made after June 6, 1984 and before January 1, 1985. Rules explaining the operation of section 367(d), concerning transfers of intangible property pursuant to an exchange described in section 351 or 361, are provided in §1.367(d)–1T. Rules concerning the reporting requirements of section 6038B are provided in §§1.6038B–1 and 1.6038B–1T. (b) General rules—(1) Foreign corporation not considered a corporation for purposes of certain transfers. If a U.S. person transfers property to a foreign corporation in connection with an exchange described in section 332, 351, 354, 355, 356, or 361, then pursuant to section 367(a)(1) the foreign corporation shall not be considered to be a corporation for purposes of determining the extent to which gain shall be recognized on the transfer. Section 367(a)(1) denies nonrecognition treatment only to transfers of items of property on which gain is realized. Thus, the amount of gain recognized because of section 367(a)(1) is unaffected by the transfer of items of property on which loss is realized (but not recognized). The transfers of property that are subject to section 367(a)(1) are further described in paragraph (c) of this section, and relevant definitions are provided in paragraph (d) of this section. (2) Cases in which foreign corporate status is not disregarded. Section 367(a)(1) shall not apply, and a foreign corporate transferee shall, thus, be considered to be a corporation, in the case of any of the following: (i) [Reserved] (ii) The transfer of property for use in the active conduct of a trade or business outside of the United States in accordance with the rules of §§1.367(a)-2T through 1.367(a)-6T; or (iii) Certain other transfers of property described in §§1.367(a)-2T through 1.367(a)-6T. (3) Limitation of gain required to be recognized—(i) In general. If a U.S. person transfers property to a foreign corporation in a transaction on which gain is required to be recognized under section 367(a) and regulations thereunder, then the gain required to be recognized by the U.S. person shall in no event exceed the gain that would have been recognized on a taxable sale of those items of property if sold individually and without offsetting individual losses against individual gains. (ii) Losses. No loss may be recognized by reason of the operation of section 367. (iii) Ordinary income and capital gain. If section 367(a) and regulations thereunder require the recognition of ordinary income and capital gain in excess of the limitation described in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section, then the limitation shall be imposed by making proportionate reductions in the amounts or ordinary income and capital gain, regardless of the character of the gain that would have been recognized on a taxable sale of the property. (4) Character, source, and adjustments—(i) In general. If a U.S. person is required to recognize gain under section 367 upon a transfer of property to a foreign corporation, then— (A) The character and source of such gain shall be determined as if the property had been disposed of in a taxable exchange with the transferee foreign corporation (unless otherwise provided by regulation); and (B) Appropriate adjustments to earnings and profits, basis, and other affected items shall be made according to otherwise applicable rules, taking into account the gain recognized because of section 367(a)(1). Any increase in the basis of the property received by the foreign corporation resulting from the application of section 367(a) and section 362 (a) or (b) shall be allocated over the transferred property with respect to which gain is recognized in proportion to the amount realized by the U.S. person on the transfer of each item of that property. See paragraph (c)(3) of this section for special rules applicable to transfers of partnership interests. (ii) Example. The rules of this paragraph (b)(4) are illustrated by the following example. Example. Domestic corporation DC transfers inventory with a fair market value of $1 million and adjusted basis of $800,000 to foreign corporation FC in an exchange for stock of FC that is described in section 351 (a). Title passes within the U.S. Pursuant to section 367(a), DC is required to recognize gain of $200,000 upon the transfer. Under the rule of this paragraph (b)(4), such gain shall be treated as ordinary income (sections 1201 and 1221) from sources within the U.S. (section 861) arising from a taxable exchange with FC. Appropriate adjustments to earnings and profits, basis, etc., shall be made as if the transfer were subject to section 351. Thus, for example, DC's basis in the FC stock received, and FC's basis in the transferred inventory, will each be increased by the $200,000 gain recognized by DC, pursuant to sections 358(a)(1) and 362(a), respectively. (c) Transfers described in section 367(a)(1)—(1) In general. A transfer described in section 367(a)(1) is any transfer of property by a U.S. person to a foreign corporation pursuant to an exchange described in section 332, 351, 354, 355, 356, or 361. Section 367(a)(1) applies to such a transfer whether it is made directly, indirectly, or constructively. Indirect or constructive transfers that are described in section 367(a)(1) include the transfers described in subparagraphs (2) through (7) of this paragraph (c). (2) Indirect transfers in certain reorganizations. [Reserved]. For further guidance, see §1.367(a)–3(d). (3) Indirect transfers involving partnerships and interests therein—(i) Transfer by partnership treated as transfer by partners—(A) In general. If a partnership (whether foreign or domestic) transfers property to a foreign corporation in an exchange described in section 367(a)(1), then a U.S. person that is a partner in the partnership shall be treated as having transferred a proportionate share of the property in an exchange described in section 367(a)(1). A U.S. person's proportionate share of partnership property shall be determined under the rules and principles of sections 701 through 761 and the regulations thereunder. The rule of this paragraph (c)(3)(i)(A) is illustrated by the following example. Example P is a partnership having five equal general partners, two of whom are United States persons. P transfers property to F, a foreign corporation, in connection with an exchange described in section 351. The exchange includes an indirect transfer of property by the partners to F. The transfers of property attributable to those partners who are United States persons, that is, 40 percent of each asset transferred to F, are transfers described in section 367(a)(1). The gain (if any) recognized on the transfer of 40 percent of each asset to F is attributable to the two partners who are United States persons. (B) Special adjustments to basis. If a U.S. person is treated under the rule of this paragraph (c)(3)(i) as having transferred a proportionate share of the property of a partnership in an exchange described in section 367(a), and is therefore required to recognize gain upon the transfer, then— (1) The U.S. person's basis in the partnership shall be increased by the amount of gain recognized by him; (2) Solely for purposes of determining the basis of the partnership in the stock of the transferee foreign corporation, the U.S. person shall be treated as having newly acquired an interest in the partnership (for an amount equal to the gain recognized), permitting the partnership to make an optional adjustment to basis pursuant to sections 743 and 754; and (3) The transferee foreign corporation's basis in the property acquired from the partnership shall be increased by the amount of gain recognized by U.S. persons under this paragraph (c)(3)(i). (ii) Transfer of partnership interest treated as transfer of proportionate share of assets—(A) In general. If a U.S. person transfers an interest as a partner in a partnership (whether foreign or domestic) in an exchange described in section 367(a)(1), then that person shall be treated as having transferred a proportionate share of the property of the partnership in an exchange described in section 367(a)(1). Accordingly, the applicability of the exception to section 367(a)(1) provided in §1.367(a)–2T shall be determined with reference to the property of the partnership rather than the partnership interest itself. A U.S. person's proportionate share of partnership property shall be determined under the rules and principles of sections 701 through 761 and the regulations thereunder. (B) Special adjustments to basis. If a U.S. person is treated under the rule of paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(A) of this section as having transferred a proportionate share of the property of a partnership in an exchange described in section 367(a), and is therefore required to recognize gain upon the transfer, then— (1) The U.S. person's basis in the stock of the transferee foreign corporation shall be increased by the amount of gain so recognized by that person; (2) The transferee foreign corporation's basis in the transferred partnership interest shall be increased by the amount of gain recognized by the U.S. person; and (3) Solely for purposes of determining the partnership's basis in the property held by it, the U.S. person shall be treated as having newly acquired an interest in the partnership (for an amount equal to the gain recognized), permitting the partnership to make an optional adjustment to basis pursuant to sections 743 and 754. (C) Limited partnership interest. The transfer by a U.S. person of an interest in a partnership shall not be subject to the rules of paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(A) and (B) if— (1) The interest transferred is a limited partnership interest; and (2) Such interest is regularly traded on an established securities market. Instead, the transfer of such an interest shall be treated in the same manner as a transfer of stock or securities. Thus, the consequences of such a transfer shall be determined under the rules of §1.367(a)–3. For purposes of this section, a limited partnership interest is an interest as a limited partner in a partnership that is organized under the laws of any State of the United States or the District of Columbia. Whether such an interest is regularly traded on an established securities market shall be determined under the provisions of paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(D) of this section. (D) Regularly traded on an established securities market—(1) Established securities market. For purposes of this paragraph (c)(3)(ii), an established securities market is— (i) A national securities exchange which is registered under section 6 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78f); (ii) A foreign national securities exchange which is officially recognized, sanctioned, or supervised by governmental authority; and (iii) An over-the-counter market. An over-the-counter market is any market reflected by the existence of an inter-dealer quotation system. An inter-dealer quotation system is any system of general circulation to brokers and dealers which regularly disseminates quotations of stock and securities by identified brokers or dealers, other than by quotation sheets which are prepared and distributed by a broker or dealer in the regular course of business and which contain only quotations of such broker or dealer. (2) Regularly traded. A class of interests that is traded on an established securities market is considered to be regularly traded if it is regularly quoted by brokers or dealers making a market in such interests. A class of interests shall be presumed to be regularly traded if the entity has a total of 500 or more interest-holders. (4) Transfers by trusts and estates—(i) In general. For purposes of section 367(a), a transfer of property by an estate or trust shall be treated as a transfer by the entity itself and not as an indirect transfer by its beneficiaries. Thus, a transfer of property by a foreign trust or estate (as defined in section 7701(a)(31)) is not described in section 367(a)(1), regardless of whether the beneficiaries of the trust or estate are U.S. persons. Similarly, a transfer of property by a domestic trust or estate may be described in section 367(a)(1), regardless of whether the beneficiaries of the trust or estate are foreign persons. (ii) Grantor trusts. A transfer of a portion or all of the assets of a foreign or domestic trust to a foreign corporation in an exchange described in section 367(a)(1) is considered a transfer by any U.S. person who is treated as the owner of any such portion or all of the assets of the trust under sections 671 through 679. (5) Termination of election under section 1504(d). Section 367(A) applies to the constructive reorganization and transfer of property from a domestic corporation to a foreign corporation that occurs upon the termination of an election under section 1504(d), which permits the treatment of certain contiguous country corporations as domestic corporations. The rule of this paragraph (c)(5) is illustrated by the following example. Example. Domestic corporation Y previously made a valid election under section 1504(d) to have its wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, C, treated as a domestic corporation. On July, 1, 1986, C fails to continue to qualify for the election under section 1504 (d). A constructive reorganization described in section 368(a)(1)(D) occurs. The resulting constructive transfer of assests by “domestic” corporation C to Canadian corporation C upon the termination of the election is a transfer of property described in section 367(a)(1). (6) Changes in classification of an entity. If a foreign entity is classified as an entity other than an association taxable as a corporation for United States tax purposes, and subsequently a change is made in the governing documents, articles, or agreements of the entity so that the entity is thereafter classified as an association taxable as a corporation, the change in classification is considered a transfer of property to a foreign corporation in connection with an exchange described in section 351. For purposes of section 367(a)(1), the transfer of property is considered as made by the persons determined under the rules set forth in paragraph (c)(3) of this section with respect to partnerships, and paragraph (c)(4)(i) or (ii), with respect to trusts and estates, and the rules of such paragraphs apply determining whether a transfer described in section 367(a)(1) has been made. (7) Contributions to capital. For rules with respect to the treatment of a contribution to the capital of a foreign corporation as a transfer described in section 367(a)(1), see section 367(c)(2) and the regulations thereunder. (d) Definitions. The following definitions apply for purposes of this section and §1.367(d)–1T. (1) United States person. The term United States person includes those persons described in section 7701(a)(30). The term includes a citizen or resident of the United States, a domestic partnership, a domestic corporation, and any estate or trust other than a foreign estate or trust. (For definitions of these terms, see section 7701 and regulations thereunder.) For purposes of this section, an individual with respect to whom an election has been made under section 6013 (g) or (h) is considered to be a resident of the United States while such election is in effect. A nonresident alien or a foreign corporation will not be considered a United States person because of its actual or deemed conduct of a trade or business within the United States during a taxable year. (2) Foreign corporation. The term foreign corporation has the meaning set forth in section 7701(a)(3) and (5) and §301.7701–5. (3) Transfer. For purposes of section 367 and regulations thereunder, the term transfer means any transaction that constitutes a transfer for purposes of sections 332, 351, 354, 355, 356, or 361, as applicable. A person's entering into a bona fide cost-sharing arrangement under §1.482–2(d)(4) or acquiring rights to intangible property under such an arrangement shall not be considered a transfer of property described in section 367(a)(1). See §1.6038B–1T(b)(3) for the date on which the transfer is considered to be made. (4) Property. For purposes of section 367 and regulations thereunder, the term property means any item that constitutes property for purposes of sections 332, 351, 354, 355, 356, or 361, as applicable. (5) Intangible property—(i) In general. For purposes of section 367 and regulations thereunder, the term intangible property means knowledge, rights, documents, and any other intangible item within the meaning of section 936(h)(3)(B) that constitutes property for purposes of sections 332, 351, 354, 355, 356, or 361, as applicable. Such property shall be treated as intangible property for purposes of section 367 (a) and (d) and the regulations thereunder without regard to whether it is used or developed in the United States or in a foreign country and without regard to whether it is used in manufacturing activities or in marketing activities. A working interest in oil and gas properties shall not be considered to be intangible property for purposes of section 367 and the regulations thereunder. (ii) Operating intangibles. An operating intangible is any intangible property of a type not ordinarily licensed or otherwise transferred in transactions between unrelated parties for consideration contingent upon the licensee's or transferee's use of the property. Examples of operating intangibles may include long-term purchase or supply contracts, surveys, studies, and customer lists. (iii) Foreign goodwill or going concern value. Foreign goodwill or going concern value is the residual value of a business operation conducted outside of the United States after all other tangible and intangible assets have been identified and valued. For purposes of section 367 and regulations thereunder the value of the right to use a corporate name in a foreign country shall be treated as foreign goodwill or going concern value. (iv) Transitional rule for certain marketing intangibles. For transfers occurring after December 31, 1984, and before May 16, 1986, for foreign trademarks, tradenames, brandnames, and similar marketing intangibles developed by a foreign branch shall be treated as foreign goodwill or going concern value. (e) Close of taxable year in certain section 368(a)(1)(F) reorganizations. If a domestic corporation is the transferor corporation in a reorganization described in section 368(a)(1)(F) after March 30, 1987, in which the acquiring corporation is a foreign corporation, then the taxable year of the transferor corporation shall end with the close of the date of the transfer and the taxable year of the acquiring corporation shall end with the close of the date on which the transferor's taxable year would have ended but for the occurrence of the transfer. With regard to the consequences of the closing of the taxable year, see section 381 and the regulations thereunder. (f) Exchanges under sections 354(a) and 361(a) in certain section 368(a)(1)(F) reorganizations. In every reorganization under section 368(a)(1)(F), where the transferor corporation is a domestic corporation and the acquiring corporation is a foreign corporation, there is considered to exist— (1) A transfer of assets by the transferor corporation to the acquiring corporation under section 361(a) in exchange for stock of the acquiring corporation and the assumption by the acquiring corporation of the transferor corporation's liabilities; (2) A distribution of the stock (or stock and securities) of the acquiring corporation by the transferor corporation to the shareholders (or shareholders and security holders) of the transferor corporation; and (3) An exchange by the transferor corporation's shareholders (or shareholders and security holders) of the stock of the transferor corporation for stock (or stock and securities) of the acquiring corporation under section 354(a). For this purpose, it shall be immaterial that the applicable foreign or domestic law treats the acquiring corporation as a continuance of the transferor corporation. (g) Effective date of certain section— (1) In general. Except as specifically provided to the contrary elsewhere in these sections, §§1.367(a)–1T through 1.367(a)–6T apply to transfers occurring after December 31, 1984. (2) Private rulings. The taxpayer may rely on a private ruling under section 367(a) received by him before June 16, 1986. (3) Certain indirect transfers. Sections 1.367(a)–1T(c)(2)(i) and (iii) and 1.367(a)–1T(c)(3) apply to transfers made after June 16, 1986. For transfers made before that date, see 26 CFR 1.367(a)–1(b) (revised as of April 1, 1986). [T.D. 8087, 51 FR 17938, May 16, 1986, as amended at T.D. 8280, 55 FR 1408, Jan. 16, 1990; T.D. 8770, 63 FR 33555, June 19, 1998]
Title 26: Internal Revenue
PART 1—INCOME TAXES
effects on corporation
§ 1.367(a)-1T Transfers to foreign corporations subject to section 367(a): In general (temporary).
