§ 3156. — Definitions.
[Laws in effect as of January 24, 2002]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 24, 2002 and December 19, 2002]
[CITE: 18USC3156]
TITLE 18--CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART II--CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
CHAPTER 207--RELEASE AND DETENTION PENDING JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS
Sec. 3156. Definitions
(a) As used in sections 3141-3150 of this chapter--
(1) the term ``judicial officer'' means, unless otherwise
indicated, any person or court authorized pursuant to section 3041
of this title, or the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, to detain
or release a person before trial or sentencing or pending appeal in
a court of the United States, and any judge of the Superior Court of
the District of Columbia;
(2) the term ``offense'' means any criminal offense, other than
an offense triable by court-martial, military commission, provost
court, or other military tribunal, which is in violation of an Act
of Congress and is triable in any court established by Act of
Congress;
(3) the term ``felony'' means an offense punishable by a maximum
term of imprisonment of more than one year;
(4) the term ``crime of violence'' means--
(A) an offense that has as an element of the offense the
use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against
the person or property of another;
(B) any other offense that is a felony and that, by its
nature, involves a substantial risk that physical force against
the person or property of another may be used in the course of
committing the offense; or
(C) any felony under chapter 109A, 110, or 117; and
(5) the term ``State'' includes a State of the United States,
the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or
possession of the United States.
(b) As used in sections 3152-3155 of this chapter--
(1) the term ``judicial officer'' means, unless otherwise
indicated, any person or court authorized pursuant to section 3041
of this title, or the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, to detain
or release a person before trial or sentencing or pending appeal in
a court of the United States, and
(2) the term ``offense'' means any Federal criminal offense
which is in violation of any Act of Congress and is triable by any
court established by Act of Congress (other than a Class B or C
misdemeanor or an infraction, or an offense triable by court-
martial, military commission, provost court, or other military
tribunal).
(Added Pub. L. 93-619, title II, Sec. 201, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2088;
amended Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Secs. 203(c), 223(h), Oct. 12, 1984,
98 Stat. 1985, 2029; Pub. L. 99-646, Sec. 55(i), Nov. 10, 1986, 100
Stat. 3610; Pub. L. 103-322, title IV, Sec. 40501, Sept. 13, 1994, 108
Stat. 1945; Pub. L. 104-294, title VI, Sec. 607(i), Oct. 11, 1996, 110
Stat. 3512; Pub. L. 105-314, title VI, Sec. 601, Oct. 30, 1998, 112
Stat. 2982.)
Amendments
1998--Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 105-314 added subpar. (C) and
struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: ``any felony under
chapter 109A or chapter 110; and''.
1996--Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 104-294 added par. (5).
1994--Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 103-322 added subpar. (C).
1986--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99-646 substituted ``the term'' for ``The
term'' in pars. (1) to (4) and struck out ``and'' after ``Congress;'' in
par. (2).
1984--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 203(c)(1), substituted
``3141'' for ``3146'' in provision preceding par. (1).
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 203(c)(2), substituted ``to
detain or release'' for ``to bail or otherwise release'' and struck out
``and'' after ``District of Columbia;''.
Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 203(c)(3), (4), added
pars. (3) and (4).
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 203(c)(5), substituted ``to
detain or release'' for ``to bail or otherwise release''.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 223(h), substituted ``Class B
or C misdemeanor or an infraction'' for ``petty offense as defined in
section 1(3) of this title''.
Effective Date of 1986 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 99-646 effective 30 days after Nov. 10, 1986,
see section 55(j) of Pub. L. 99-646, set out as a note under section
3141 of this title.
Effective Date of 1984 Amendment
Amendment by section 223(h) of Pub. L. 98-473 effective Nov. 1,
1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect
of such amendment, see section 235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98-473, set out as
an Effective Date note under section 3551 of this title.
