§ 31. — Compensation of Members of Congress.
[Laws in effect as of January 24, 2002]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 24, 2002 and December 19, 2002]
[CITE: 2USC31]
TITLE 2--THE CONGRESS
CHAPTER 3--COMPENSATION AND ALLOWANCES OF MEMBERS
Sec. 31. Compensation of Members of Congress
(1) The annual rate of pay for--
(A) each Senator, Member of the House of Representatives, and
Delegate to the House of Representatives, and the Resident
Commissioner from Puerto Rico,
(B) the President pro tempore of the Senate, the majority leader
and the minority leader of the Senate, and the majority leader and
the minority leader of the House of Representatives, and
(C) the Speaker of the House of Representatives,
shall be the rate determined for such positions under chapter 11 of this
title, as adjusted by paragraph (2) of this section.
(2)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), effective at the beginning of
the first applicable pay period commencing on or after the first day of
the month in which an adjustment takes effect under section 5303 of
title 5 in the rates of pay under the General Schedule, each annual rate
referred to in paragraph (1) shall be adjusted by an amount, rounded to
the nearest multiple of $100 (or if midway between multiples of $100, to
the next higher multiple of $100), equal to the percentage of such
annual rate which corresponds to the most recent percentage change in
the ECI (relative to the date described in the next sentence), as
determined under section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. The
appropriate date under this sentence is the first day of the fiscal year
in which such adjustment in the rates of pay under the General Schedule
takes effect.
(B) In no event shall the percentage adjustment taking effect under
subparagraph (A) in any calendar year (before rounding), in any rate of
pay, exceed the percentage adjustment taking effect in such calendar
year under section 5303 of title 5 in the rates of pay under the General
Schedule.
(Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, title VI, Sec. 601(a), 60 Stat. 850; Jan. 19,
1949, ch. 2, Sec. 1(d), 63 Stat. 4; Mar. 2, 1955, ch. 9, Sec. 4(a), 69
Stat. 11; Pub. L. 88-426, title II, Sec. 204, Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat.
415; Pub. L. 89-301, Sec. 11(e), Oct. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 1120; Pub. L.
91-67, Sec. 2, Sept. 15, 1969, 83 Stat. 107; Pub. L. 94-82, title II,
Sec. 204(a), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 421; Pub. L. 101-194, title VII,
Sec. 704(a)(2)(B), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1769; Pub. L. 101-509, title
V, Sec. 529 [title I, Sec. 101(b)(4)(D)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427,
1439; Pub. L. 103-356, title I, Sec. 101(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat.
3410.)
References in Text
The General Schedule, referred to in par. (2), is set out under
section 5332 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989, referred to in
par. (2)(A), is section 704(a)(1) of Pub. L. 101-194, which is set out
as a note under section 5318 of Title 5.
Prior Provisions
A prior section 31, acts Feb. 26, 1907, ch. 1635, Sec. 4, 34 Stat.
993; Mar. 4, 1925, ch. 549, Sec. 4, 43 Stat. 1301; May 17, 1932, ch.
190, 47 Stat. 158, related to compensation of Members of Congress, prior
to enactment of act Aug. 2, 1946.
Amendments
1994--Par. (2). Pub. L. 103-356 designated existing provisions as
subpar. (A), substituted ``Subject to subparagraph (B), effective'' for
``Effective'', and added subpar. (B).
1990--Par. (2). Pub. L. 101-509 substituted ``5303'' for ``5305''.
1989--Par. (2). Pub. L. 101-194 substituted ``the most recent
percentage change in the ECI (relative to the date described in the next
sentence), as determined under section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform
Act of 1989. The appropriate date under this sentence is the first day
of the fiscal year in which such adjustment in the rates of pay under
the General Schedule takes effect'' for ``the overall average percentage
(as set forth in the report transmitted to the Congress under such
section 5305) of the adjustment in the rates of pay under the General
Schedule''.
1975--Pub. L. 94-82 designated existing provisions as par. (1),
substituted provisions that rate of pay of the specified parties shall
be determined under section 351 et seq. of this title, as adjusted by
par. (2) for provisions setting rate of compensation at $42,500 for
Senators, Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Commissioner, $62,500
for Speaker, and $49,500 for President pro tempore of Senate and
Majority and Minority Leaders of House and Senate, and added par. (2).
1969--Pub. L. 91-67 increased compensation of Speaker from $43,000
to $62,500 per annum and compensation of Majority and Minority Leaders
of both Houses of Congress from $35,000 to $49,500 per annum, and fixed
compensation of President pro tempore of Senate at $49,500 per annum.
1965--Pub. L. 89-301 inserted provisions setting rate of
compensation of Majority and Minority Leaders of Senate and House of
Representatives at $35,000 per annum each.
1964--Pub. L. 88-426 increased compensation of Senators,
Representatives and Resident Commissioner from $22,500 to $30,000 per
annum and that of Speaker from $35,000 to $43,000 per annum, and
eliminated provisions which related to Delegates from the Territories.
1955--Act Mar. 2, 1955, increased salaries of Senators,
Representatives, Delegates, and Resident Commissioner from $12,500 a
year to $22,500 and compensation of Speaker from $30,000 to $35,000 a
year.
1949--Act Jan. 19, 1949, increased Speaker's salary from $20,000 per
year to $30,000.
Effective Date of 1994 Amendment
Section 101 of Pub. L. 103-356 provided that the amendment made by
that section is effective Dec. 31, 1994.
Effective Date of 1990 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 101-509 effective on such date as the President
shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180
days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, Sec. 305] of Pub.
L. 101-509, set out as a note under section 5301 of Title 5, Government
Organization and Employees.
Effective Date of 1989 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 101-194 effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section
704(b) of Pub. L. 101-194, set out as a note under section 5318 of Title
5, Government Organization and Employees.
Effective Date of 1969 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 91-67 effective Mar. 1, 1969, see section 3 of
Pub. L. 91-67, set out as a note under section 104 of Title 3, The
President.
Effective Date of 1965 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 89-301 effective on first day of first pay
period which begins on or after October 1, 1965, see section 17 of Pub.
L. 89-301.
Effective Date of 1964 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 88-426 effective at noon, Jan. 3, 1965, see
section 501(b) of Pub. L. 88-426.
Effective Date of 1955 Amendment
Section 5 of act Mar. 2, 1955, provided that: ``The provisions of
this Act [amending this section, section 104 of Title 3, The President,
section 7443 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, sections 5, 44, 135,
173, 213, 252, and 508 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure,
section 101 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions, and
section 654 of Title 50, War and National Defense, and repealing section
31a of this title] shall take effect Mar. 1, 1955.''
Effective Date of 1949 Amendment
Amendment by act Jan. 19, 1949, effective at noon, Jan. 20, 1949,
see section 3 of act Jan. 19, 1949.
Effective Date
Section 601(a) of act Aug. 2, 1946, provided that the salary rates
provided by such section 601(a) are effective Jan. 3, 1947.
Short Title of 1996 Amendment
Pub. L. 104-186, Sec. 1(a), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1718, provided
that: ``This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the
`House of Representatives Administrative Reform Technical Corrections
Act'.''
Short Title of 1964 Amendment
Section 201 of title II of Pub. L. 88-426 provided that: ``This
title [enacting sections 61a, 61a-2, 61d, 61e, 60e-11, 84-2, 136a, 136b,
and 273 of this title, sections 42a and 51a of former Title 31, Money
and Finance, sections 162a, 166b, and 166b-1 of former Title 40, Public
Buildings, Property, and Works, and section 39a of former Title 44,
Public Printing and Documents, amending this section and section 72a of
this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section
and sections 60a-1 and 60f of this title] may be cited as the `Federal
Legislative Salary Act of 1964'.''
Appropriation of Funds for Compensation of Members of Congress and for
Administrative Expenses at Levels Authorized by Law and Recommended by
the President for Federal Employees
Pub. L. 97-51, Sec. 130(c), Oct. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 966, provided
that: ``Effective beginning with fiscal year 1983, and continuing each
year thereafter, such sums as hereafter may be necessary for
`Compensation of Members' (and administrative expenses related thereto),
as authorized by law and at such level recommended by the President for
Federal employees for that fiscal year are hereby appropriated from
money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated. Such sums when paid
shall be in lieu of any sums accrued in prior years but not paid. For
purposes of this subsection, the term `Member' means each Member of the
Senate and the House of Representatives, the Resident Commissioner from
Puerto Rico, the Delegates from the District of Columbia, Guam, Virgin
Islands, and American Samoa, and the Vice President.''
Salary Increases
2003--Ex. Ord. No. 13282, Dec. 31, 2002, 68 F.R. 1133, set out as a
note under section 5332 of Title 5, Government Organization and
Employees, provided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1,
2003.
2002--Ex. Ord. No. 13249, Dec. 28, 2001, 67 F.R. 639, which provided
for the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 2002, was superseded
by Ex. Ord. No. 13282, Dec. 31, 2002, 68 F.R. 1133, set out as a note
under section 5332 of Title 5.
2001--Ex. Ord. No. 13182, Dec. 23, 2000, 65 F.R. 82879, 66 F.R.
10057, which provided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1,
2001, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13249, Dec. 28, 2001, 67 F.R. 639,
formerly set out as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.
2000--Ex. Ord. No. 13144, Dec. 21, 1999, 64 F.R. 72237, which
provided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 2000, was
superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13182, Dec. 23, 2000, 65 F.R. 82879, formerly
set out as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.
1999--Ex. Ord. No. 13106, Dec. 7, 1998, 63 F.R. 68151, which
provided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 1999, was
substantially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13144, Dec. 21, 1999, 64 F.R.
72237, formerly set out as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.
1998--Ex. Ord. No. 13071, Dec. 29, 1997, 62 F.R. 68521, which
provided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 1998, was
superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13106, Dec. 7, 1998, 63 F.R. 68151, formerly
set out as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.
1997--Ex. Ord. No. 13033, Dec. 27, 1996, 61 F.R. 68987, which
provided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 1997, was
superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13071, Dec. 29, 1997, 62 F.R. 68521, formerly
set out as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.
1996--Ex. Ord. No. 12984, Dec. 28, 1995, 61 F.R. 237, which provided
for the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 1996, was superseded
by Ex. Ord. No. 13033, Dec. 27, 1996, 61 F.R. 68987, formerly set out as
a note under section 5332 of Title 5.
1995--Ex. Ord. No. 12944, Dec. 28, 1994, 60 F.R. 309, which provided
for the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 1995, was superseded
by Ex. Ord. No. 12984, Dec. 28, 1995, 61 F.R. 237, formerly set out as a
note under section 5332 of Title 5.
1994--Pub. L. 103-6, Sec. 7, Mar. 4, 1993, 107 Stat. 35, provided
that:
``(a) Cost of Living Adjustment.--Notwithstanding section 601(a)(2)
of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 U.S.C. 31(2)), the cost
of living adjustment (relating to pay for Members of Congress) which
would become effective under such provision of law during calendar year
1994 shall not take effect.
``(b) Severability.--If any provision of this Act [enacting
provisions set out as notes under sections 1 and 3304 of Title 26,
Internal Revenue Code, and section 352 of Title 45, Railroads, and
amending provisions set out as notes under section 3304 of Title 26 and
section 352 of Title 45], or an amendment made by this Act, or the
application of such provision to any person or circumstance, is held to
be invalid, the remainder of this Act, or an amendment made by this Act,
or the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances,
shall not be affected.''
1993--Ex. Ord. No. 12826, Dec. 30, 1992, 57 F.R. 62909, which
provided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 1993, was
superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12944, Dec. 28, 1994, 60 F.R. 309, formerly
set out as a note under section 5332 of Title 5, Government Organization
and Employees.
1992--Ex. Ord. No. 12786, Dec. 26, 1991, 56 F.R. 67453, which
provided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 1992, was
superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12826, Dec. 30, 1992, 57 F.R. 62909, formerly
set out as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.
1991--Ex. Ord. No. 12736, Dec. 12, 1990, 55 F.R. 51385, which
provided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 1991, was
superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12786, Dec. 26, 1991, 56 F.R. 67453, formerly
set out as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.
1990--Ex. Ord. No. 12698, Dec. 23, 1989, 54 F.R. 53473, which
provided for adjustments of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 1990, and Jan.
31, 1990, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12736, Dec. 12, 1990, 55 F.R.
51385, formerly set out as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.
1989--Pub. L. 101-194, title VII, Sec. 703(a)(2), Nov. 30, 1989, 103
Stat. 1768, set out as a note under section 5318 of Title 5, provided
that effective Jan. 1, 1991, the rate of basic pay for the offices and
positions under 2 U.S.C. 356(A) and (B) shall be increased in the amount
of 25 percent of their respective rates (as last in effect before the
increase), except that this shall not affect the rate of basic pay for a
Senator, the President pro tempore of the Senate, or the majority leader
or the minority leader of the Senate.
Ex. Ord. No. 12663, Jan. 6, 1989, 54 F.R. 791, which provided for
the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 1989, was superseded by
Ex. Ord. No. 12698, Dec. 23, 1989, 54 F.R. 53473, formerly set out as a
note under section 5332 of Title 5.
1988--Ex. Ord. No. 12622, Dec. 31, 1987, 53 F.R. 222, which provided
for the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 1988, was superseded
by Ex. Ord. No. 12663, Jan. 6, 1989, 54 F.R. 791, formerly set out as a
note under section 5332 of Title 5.
1987--Salary of Speaker of House of Representatives increased to
$115,000 per annum; salaries of President pro tempore of Senate,
majority leader and minority leader of Senate, and majority leader and
minority leader of House of Representatives increased to $99,500 per
annum; and salaries of Senators, Members of House of Representatives,
Delegates to House of Representatives, and Resident Commissioner from
Puerto Rico increased to $89,500 per annum, on recommendation of the
President of the United States, effective Mar. 1, 1987, set out as a
note under section 358 of this title.
Ex. Ord. No. 12578, Dec. 31, 1986, 52 F.R. 505, which provided for
the adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 1987, was superseded by
Ex. Ord. No. 12622, Dec. 31, 1987, 53 F.R. 222, formerly set out as a
note under section 5332 of Title 5, Government Organization and
Employees.
1985--Ex. Ord. No. 12496, Dec. 28, 1984, 50 F.R. 211, as amended by
Ex. Ord. No. 12540, Dec. 30, 1985, 51 F.R. 577, which provided for the
adjustment of pay rates effective Jan. 1, 1985, was superseded by Ex.
Ord. No. 12578, Dec. 31, 1986, 52 F.R. 505, formerly set out as a note
under section 5332 of Title 5.
1984--Ex. Ord. No. 12456, Dec. 30, 1983, 49 F.R. 347, as amended by
Ex. Ord. No. 12477, May 23, 1984, 49 F.R. 22041; Ex. Ord. No. 12487,
Sept. 14, 1984, 49 F.R. 36493, which provided for the adjustment of pay
rates effective Jan. 1, 1984, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12496, Dec.
28, 1984, 50 F.R. 211, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12540, Dec. 30, 1985,
51 F.R. 577, formerly set out as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.
1983--Pub. L. 98-63, title I, Sec. 908(d), (f), July 30, 1983, 97
Stat. 338, which provided that, effective with respect to service as a
Member performed on or after July 1, 1983, and notwithstanding any other
provision of law, in the case of a Member serving in office or position
of Senator, President pro tempore of Senate, Majority Leader of Senate,
or Minority Leader of Senate during a calendar year, the annual rate of
pay paid to such Member for such service would not be less than the
annual rate of pay payable for such position on Dec. 17, 1982, increased
by 15 percent and rounded in accordance with section 5318 of Title 5,
was repealed by Pub. L. 102-90, title I, Sec. 6(c), Aug. 14, 1991, 105
Stat. 451.
1982--Ex. Ord. No. 12387, Oct. 8, 1982, 47 F.R. 44981, which
provided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Oct. 1, 1982, was
superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12456, Dec. 30, 1983, 49 F.R. 347, as amended
by Ex. Ord. No. 12477, May 23, 1984, 49 F.R. 22041; Ex. Ord. No. 12487,
Sept. 14, 1984, 49 F.R. 36493, formerly set out as a note under section
5332 of Title 5.
Maximum rates payable after Dec. 17, 1982, increased from
$60,662.50, $68,575.00, and $79,125.00 to $69,800.00, $78,900.00, and
$91,000.00, respectively, except for Senators, see Pub. L. 97-377, title
I, Sec. 129(b)-(d), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1914, set out as a note
under section 5318 of Title 5.
Limitations on use of funds for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1983,
appropriated by any Act to pay the salary or pay of any individual in
legislative, executive, or judicial branch in position equal to or above
level V of the Executive Schedule, see section 101(e) of Pub. L. 97-276,
as amended, set out as a note under section 5318 of Title 5.
1981--Ex. Ord. No. 12330, Oct. 15, 1981, 46 F.R. 50921, which
provided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Oct. 1, 1981, was
superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12387, Oct. 8, 1982, 47 F.R. 44981, formerly
set out as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.
Limitations on use of funds for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1982,
appropriated by any Act to pay the salary or pay of any individual in
legislative, executive, or judicial branch in position equal to or above
level V of the Executive Schedule, see sections 101(g) and 141 of Pub.
L. 97-92, set out as a note under section 5318 of Title 5.
1980--Ex. Ord. No. 12248, Oct. 16, 1980, 45 F.R. 69199, which
provided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Oct. 1, 1980, was
superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12330, Oct. 15, 1981, 46 F.R. 50921, formerly
set out as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.
Limitations on use of funds for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1981,
appropriated by any Act to pay the salary or pay of any individual in
legislative, executive, or judicial branch in position equal to or above
Level V of the Executive Schedule, see section 101(c) of Pub. L. 96-536,
as amended, set out as a note under section 5318 of Title 5.
1979--Ex. Ord. No. 12165, Oct. 9, 1979, 44 F.R. 58761, as amended by
Ex. Ord. No. 12200, Mar. 12, 1980, 45 F.R. 16443, which provided for the
adjustment of pay rates effective Oct. 1, 1979, was superseded by Ex.
Ord. No. 12248, Oct. 16, 1980, 45 F.R. 69199, formerly set out as a note
under section 5332 of Title 5.
Applicability to funds appropriated by any Act for fiscal year
ending Sept. 30, 1980, of limitation of section 304 of Pub. L. 95-391 on
use of funds to pay the salary or pay of any individual in legislative,
executive, or judicial branch in position equal to or above Level V of
the Executive Schedule, see section 101 of Pub. L. 96-86, set out as a
note under section 5318 of Title 5.
1978--Ex. Ord. No. 12087, Oct. 7, 1978, 43 F.R. 46823, which
provided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Oct. 1, 1978, was
superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12165, Oct. 9, 1979, 44 F.R. 58671, formerly
set out as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.
Limitations on use of funds for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1979,
appropriated by any Act to pay the salary or pay of any individual in
legislative, executive, or judicial branch in position equal or above
Level V of the Executive Schedule, see section 304 of Pub. L. 95-391 and
section 613 of Pub. L. 95-429, set out as a note under section 5318 of
Title 5.
1977--Salary of Speaker of House of Representatives increased to
$75,000 per annum; salaries of President pro tempore of Senate, majority
leader and minority leader of Senate, and majority leader and minority
leader of House of Representatives increased to $65,000 per annum; and
salaries of Senators, Members of House of Representatives, Delegate to
House of Representatives and Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico
increased to $57,500 per annum, on recommendation of the President of
the United States effective at the beginning of the first pay period
beginning after the 30th day following Jan. 17, 1977, set out as a note
under section 358 of this title.
Pub. L. 95-66, Sec. 1(2), July 11, 1977, 91 Stat. 270, set out as a
note under section 5318 of Title 5, Government Organization and
Employees, provided that the first adjustment which, but for the
enactment of Pub. L. 95-66, would have been made in the annual rate of
pay for Members of Congress under paragraph (2) of this section after
July 11, 1977, would not take effect.
1976--Ex. Ord. No. 11941, Oct. 1, 1976, 41 F.R. 43899, as amended by
Ex. Ord. No. 11943, Oct. 25, 1976, 41 F.R. 47213, which provided for the
adjustment of pay rates effective Oct. 1, 1976, was superseded by Ex.
Ord. No. 12010, Sept. 28, 1977, 42 F.R. 52365, formerly set out as a
note under section 5332 of Title 5.
1975--Ex. Ord. No. 11883, Oct. 6, 1975, 40 F.R. 47091, which
provided for the adjustment of pay rates effective Oct. 1, 1975, was
superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11941, Oct. 1, 1976, 41 F.R. 43899, as
amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11943, Oct. 25, 1976, 41 F.R. 47213, formerly
set out as a note under section 5332 of Title 5.
1969--Salaries of Senators, Members of House of Representatives, and
Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico increased to $42,500, on
recommendation of the President of the United States, effective at
beginning of first pay period beginning after the 30th day following
Jan. 15, 1969, set out as a note under section 358 of this title.
Commission on Judicial and Congressional Salaries
Act Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 353, 67 Stat. 485, which established a
Commission to determine appropriate rates of salaries for justices and
judges of courts of United States and for Vice President, Speaker of
House of Representatives, and Members of Congress, was repealed by Pub.
L. 89-554, Sec. 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 657.
