February 2000 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
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G.R. No. 126481 February 18, 2000 - EMILY M. MAROHOMBSAR v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.:
THIRD DIVISION
[G.R. No. 126481. February 18, 2000.]
DR. EMILY M. MAROHOMBSAR, in her Official Capacity as President of the Mindanao State University, Petitioner, v. COURT OF APPEALS and BILLANTE G. MARUHOM, Respondents.
D E C I S I O N
GONZAGA-REYES, J.:
The present petition for review on certiorari seeks to nullify the decision 1 of the Court of Appeals dated June 11, 1996 in CA-G.R. SP No. 39506 and its subsequent resolution dated September 9, 1996 denying petitioner’s motion for reconsideration.chanroblesvirtual|awlibrary
The antecedent facts, as found by the appellate court, are as follows:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Private respondent Billante S. Guinar-Mahurom was appointed as Technical Assistant assigned to the Office of the Chancellor of the Mindanao State University sometime in 1988. That appointment was confirmed by the Board of Regents in its Resolution No. 279, series of 1988, promulgated on November 8, 1988. When the Salary Standardization Law (R.A. 6788) was enacted, private respondent’s position was converted into Executive Assistant II. However, since private respondent at that time was not a Civil Service eligible, she was extended a temporary appointment duly noted by the Board of Regents (Resolution No. 1, series of 1991).
When private respondent passed the Civil Service career professional examinations, she was immediately extended a permanent appointment by then MSU President Ahmad Alonto, Jr. on May 3, 1991. Private respondent continued to hold the position until February 15, 1993 when she received the letter of termination from petitioner Marohombsar after the latter had assumed office as President of the University (January 5, 1993). The cause of termination, which was made effective on February 28, 1993, was "in view of the urgent need to establish a new order and maintain the trust and confidence reposed upon the Office of the President as demanded by the standards of Public Service."cralaw virtua1aw library
Private respondent thereafter sought a reconsideration of her termination but her request was denied, hence, on April 30, 1993, she filed a complaint for illegal termination before the Regional Office No. 12 of the Civil Service Commission.
On May 10, 1993 the Regional Director found the complaint meritorious. It was noted that private respondent’s position as Executive Assistant II is a permanent position and is "covered by the Constitutional guarantee of security of tenure." Thus, the Regional Director held:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"WHEREFORE, foregoing premises considered, the services of Mrs. Billante G. Maruhom as Executive Assistant were illegally terminated. Accordingly, she should be immediately reverted to this position with payment of salaries and other benefits that would have accrued to her during the period she was out of the service."cralaw virtua1aw library
Despite said ruling, however, private respondent was not reinstated by petitioner, thereby prompting the former to write to the Regional Director on July 2, 1993 for a "request for an alternative remedy for the immediate reversion of Ms. Maruhom to her former position and the payment of her salary as Executive Assistant II, Mindanao University, Marawi City." The Regional Director promptly responded by issuing a letter-directive on November 5, 1993 ordering herein petitioner to comply with the order of May 3, 1993 under pain of penal and administrative sanctions.
On December 6, 1993, petitioner wrote a letter-request for reconsideration of the May 3, 1993 order to the Regional Director contending that the appointment of private respondent was not valid for lack of confirmation by the Board of Regents before it was submitted to the Civil Service Commission for attestation.
On March 21, 1994, the Regional Director referred the case to respondent Commission and submitted his Report and Recommendation dated March 11, 1994, recommending a reiteration of the earlier directive with the imposition of a "stern warning . . . that the order of this Commission must be complied with even if that University may not agree with it" (Report of Investigation, Annex "B", p. 69, Rollo).
On June 22, 1994, petitioner was ordered by the CSC Legal Office to submit her comment to the Report and Recommendation submitted by the Regional Director. Petitioner complied on August 17, 1994.
Respondent Commission, on December 13, 1994, resolved the case in favor of private Respondent. The dispositive portion of its decision reads:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"WHEREFORE, the Commission hereby directs the President of the Mindanao State University to explain within five (5) days from receipt of this Order why he should not be charged for not reinstating Billante S. Guinar-Maruhom as Executive Assistant II and for not paying her salaries and other benefits from the time of the termination of her services up to her reinstatement."cralaw virtua1aw library
In compliance with said directive, petitioner submitted her comment contending that her letter-request for reconsideration of the Regional Director’s order is still pending and, therefore, she has no obligation to comply with the order of reinstatement yet; that besides, private respondent’s appointment is not valid for lack of confirmation by the Board of Regents and that even if valid, private respondent’s appointment was confidential and, therefore, co-terminus with the term of office of then MSU President Alonto.
On October 17, 1995, respondent Commission issued Resolution No. 95-6446 and held:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
‘The contention that the tenure of Maruhom as Executive Assistant II is co-terminous with the term of office of then MSU President Alonto, the one who appointed her, must be rejected. There is no showing that said position has been declared as primarily confidential in nature by the Commission pursuant to its authority under the Administrative Code of 1987. In the absence of such declaration, the position is thus considered under the career service. Hence, an appointee who holds an appointment thereto under permanent status enjoys security of tenure as guaranteed by law. Thus, she could not be separated from the service except for cause and after due process.
WHEREFORE, MSU President Emily M. Marohombsar is hereby directed to immediately reinstate Billante G. Maruhom to her former position of Executive Assistant II and to pay all her back salaries and other benefits due her from the date of her separation up to the date of her reinstatement in the service. Further failure or defiance on the part of said official to do what is required, will be considered contempt of this Commission and grounds for administrative sanctions." 2
It is patent from the foregoing recital that private respondent was first appointed Technical Assistant in 1988 and the MSU Board of Regents (BOR) confirmed her appointment per its Resolution No. 279, s. 1988. The position title was subsequently reclassified and retitled to Executive Assistant II upon the effectivity of Republic Act 6758, otherwise known as the Salary Standardization Law. Since private respondent did not possess the appropriate civil service eligibility required of the position at that time, she was only extended a temporary appointment as Executive Assistant II which was noted by the MSU Board of Regents. Subsequently, upon acquiring Career Service Professional Eligibility, she was extended a permanent appointment to the position of Executive Assistant II by then MSU President Ahmad E. Alonto, Jr. on May 3, 1991. This appointment was approved as permanent by the Civil Service Commission Regional Office No. 12 on June 25, 1991. She assumed office and discharged the duties thereof, without any objection from the Board of Regents. When MSU President Alonto was replaced by herein petitioner Dr. Emily M. Marohombsar on January 5, 1993, private respondent continued her employment and received the corresponding salary and other benefits from the MSU until she was summarily terminated on February 28, 1993. The Civil Service Commission declared her termination as illegal and ordered the payment of all her back salaries and other benefits due her from the date of her separation up to the date of her reinstatement in the service.chanrobles.com : virtual law library
On appeal, the Court of Appeals affirmed the Order 3 dated December 13, 1994 of the Civil Service Commission (CSC) as well as the latter’s Resolution No. 956446 4 dated October 17, 1995. From the decision of the Court of Appeals and after its motion for reconsideration had been denied, petitioner Dr. Emily M. Marohombsar (in her official capacity as President of the Mindanao State University) filed the present petition on the ground that the Court of Appeals erred in declaring that private respondent’s termination was illegal; and in ordering the payment of back salaries and other benefits from the date of private respondent’s separation up to the date of her reinstatement in the service. The reasons advanced to support the instant petition are briefly stated as follows: 1) Private respondent’s appointment as Executive Assistant II dated May 3, 1991 lacks the requisite confirmation by the Board of Regents pursuant to the Mindanao State University (MSU) charter and code, hence, ineffective; 2) Private respondent’s position as Executive Assistant II is primarily confidential, hence, co-terminous with the term of office of the appointing authority. 5
We find no merit in the petition and hold that the same should be denied.
The power to appoint is vested in the Board of Regents upon the recommendation of the President as follows:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"SECTION 6. The Board of Regents shall have the following powers and duties, in addition to its general powers of administration and the exercise of the powers of the corporation:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
(e) To appoint on the recommendation of the President of the University, professors, lecturers and other employees of the University. . ." 6
The MSU Code of Governance reiterates the power of the President to recommend qualified persons to the Board of Regents to fill vacancies and new positions as follows:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
ARTICLE 41. General Powers of the President:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
(g) He shall recommend qualified persons to fill vacancies and new positions created and funded by the Board; provided, that such appointment shall be submitted in the next regular meeting of the Board; Provided Further, that no payment of salary shall be effected unless approved by the Board of Regents. 7
Based on the foregoing, petitioner correctly theorizes that private respondent’s appointment was merely ad interim considering the appointment was issued by the University President rather than the MSU Board of Regents prior to submission to the Civil Service Commission for attestation. Petitioner, however, errs in concluding that an ad interim appointment is invalid and ineffective, therefore, terminable at any time and for any cause.
The essence of ad interim appointments has been sufficiently discussed in Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila v. Intermediate Appellate Court 8 where the university’s charter similarly vests the power of appointment in the Board of Regents and the power to recommend in the President. It was therein held that under Philippine law and jurisprudence, an ad interim appointment is used to denote the manner in which the appointment is made; and it is not descriptive of the nature of the appointment given to the appointee. 9 By way of illustration, the Court stated in said case that "it is an appointment done by the President of the Pamantasan in the meantime, while the Board of Regents, which is originally vested by the University charter with the power of appointment, is unable to act." 10 As further explained by the Court in said case:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"In other words, if the Board of Regents is in session, the Pamantasan President merely nominates while the Board issues the appointment. But when the Board is not in session, the President is authorized to issue ad interim appointments. Such appointments are permanent but their terms are only until the Board disapproves them. If confirmed, the appointee’s term is converted into the regular term inherent in the position." 11
There is no question then, as petitioner herself theorizes, that private respondent’s appointment was ad interim having been issued by the President instead of the Board of Regents. The issue at this point is whether an employee holding an ad interim appointment may be terminated at any time and for any cause as advanced by petitioner.
We rule in the negative.
We have already mentioned that an ad interim appointment is not descriptive of the nature of the appointment, that is, it is not indicative of whether the appointment is temporary or in an acting capacity, rather it denotes the manner in which the appointment was made. In the instant case, the appointment extended to private respondent by then MSU President Alonto, Jr. was issued without condition nor limitation as to tenure. The permanent status of private respondent’s appointment as Executive Assistant II was recognized and attested to by the Civil Service Commission Regional Office No. 12. Petitioner’s submission that private respondent’s ad interim appointment is synonymous with a temporary appointment which could be validly terminated at any time is clearly untenable. Ad interim appointments are permanent but their terms are only until the Board disapproves them. 12 There is absolutely no showing that the Board of Regents disapproved private respondent’s appointment. On the contrary, private respondent assumed the position, discharged her duties and received the corresponding salary and benefits without objection from the MSU Board of Regents from the date of her appointment on May 3, 1991 or for a period of almost two (2) years until her dismissal effective February 28, 1993. It is worth mentioning that the MSU Code of Governance provides that" (n)o payment of salary shall be effected unless approved by the Board of Regents." 13 Considering that private respondent was paid her corresponding salary and benefits for almost two (2) years from her appointment as Executive Assistant II up to her termination, the Board of Regents may be deemed to have tacitly approved her appointment.
Petitioner’s other contention that private respondent’s position as Executive Assistant II is classified as primarily confidential and is thus co-terminous with the tenure of office of the appointing official must likewise be rejected. In support thereof, petitioner cites Memorandum Circular (MC) No. 13, s. 1990 and MC No. 1, s. 1993 of the Civil Service Commission allegedly declaring the said position as primarily confidential. The portion of MC No. 13, s. 1990 referred to by petitioner reads thus:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"Considering that the appointee to said position will be performing duties which will require absolute trust and confidence of the Undersecretary, the Commission has declared as primarily confidential in nature pursuant to Resolution No. 93-073 the position of Executive Assistant, Chauffeur/Driver and all other positions located in the Office of the Undersecretary per approved Position Allocation List. Hence, the term of office of the appointees therein shall be co-terminous with the official they serve."cralaw virtua1aw library
On the other hand, the portion of MC No. 1, s. 1990 relied upon by petitioner reads as follows:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"Pursuant to CSC Resolution No. 90-261 dated March 5, 1990, the position of Head Executive Assistant has been declared as primarily confidential in nature. The term of office of the appointees to said position becomes co-terminous with that of the appointing authority. In cases where the executive being assisted is not the appointing authority, the term of office of the Head Executive Assistant shall be dependent upon the former’s recommendation."cralaw virtua1aw library
Both MCs are not applicable to the instant case. MC No. 01, s. 1993 refers to Executive Assistant, Chauffeur/Driver and other positions located in the Office of the Undersecretary as clearly provided in the subject heading thereof as follows:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"SUBJECT: Declaration of the Executive Assistant, Chauffeur/Driver and all other positions located in the office of the Undersecretary as primarily Confidential in Nature."cralaw virtua1aw library
Herein private respondent is holding the position of Executive Assistant II in the Office of the Chancellor. On the other hand, MC No. 01, s. 1990 clearly refers to Head Executive Assistant and not Executive Assistant II.
On this score, the appellate court correctly ruled thus:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"There is nothing in the records that would indicate any justification for the respondent Commission to classify the position of private respondent as primarily confidential. Petitioner failed to specify the particular duty of private respondents that would classify her position as highly confidential. Petitioner merely invoked CSC memorandum Circular No. 1, s. 1993, which classified the position of Executive Assistant as primarily confidential in nature. However, that memorandum circular exclusively refers to Executive Assistants assigned in the office of Undersecretaries and not to University Presidents or Chancellors. Such reliance on the part of petitioner is, therefore, misplaced. In any event, even if reliance is made on said circular, private respondent’s case still would not fall under such classification since it was categorically stated in the circular that those incumbents to the reclassified positions whose appointments are permanent" "shall retain their permanent status until said positions are vacated" (CSC memorandum Circular No. 1, s. 1993). 14
Based on the foregoing, private respondent holds an appointment under permanent status and thus enjoys security of tenure as guaranteed by law. As an employee in the civil service and as a civil service eligible, private respondent is entitled to the benefits, rights and privileges extended to those belonging to the service. Private respondent could not be removed or dismissed from the service without just cause and without observing the requirements of due process as what happened in the present case. 15 Inescapable then is the conclusion that private respondent was illegally dismissed when she was summarily terminated from the service by mere letter on the alleged ground of "urgent need to establish a new order and maintain the trust and confidence reposed upon the Office of the President . . ."cralaw virtua1aw library
However, according to settled jurisprudence, an illegally terminated civil service employee is entitled to back salaries limited only to a maximum period of five years 16 and not full back salaries from her illegal termination up to her reinstatement.
WHEREFORE, the instant petition is hereby DENIED. The decision of the Court of Appeals is AFFIRMED subject to the modification in the payment of back salaries as stated above.
SO ORDERED.chanrobles virtuallawlibrary
Panganiban and Purisima, JJ., concur.
Melo, J., took no part.
Vitug, J., took no part, close association with the family of the party.
The antecedent facts, as found by the appellate court, are as follows:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Private respondent Billante S. Guinar-Mahurom was appointed as Technical Assistant assigned to the Office of the Chancellor of the Mindanao State University sometime in 1988. That appointment was confirmed by the Board of Regents in its Resolution No. 279, series of 1988, promulgated on November 8, 1988. When the Salary Standardization Law (R.A. 6788) was enacted, private respondent’s position was converted into Executive Assistant II. However, since private respondent at that time was not a Civil Service eligible, she was extended a temporary appointment duly noted by the Board of Regents (Resolution No. 1, series of 1991).
When private respondent passed the Civil Service career professional examinations, she was immediately extended a permanent appointment by then MSU President Ahmad Alonto, Jr. on May 3, 1991. Private respondent continued to hold the position until February 15, 1993 when she received the letter of termination from petitioner Marohombsar after the latter had assumed office as President of the University (January 5, 1993). The cause of termination, which was made effective on February 28, 1993, was "in view of the urgent need to establish a new order and maintain the trust and confidence reposed upon the Office of the President as demanded by the standards of Public Service."cralaw virtua1aw library
Private respondent thereafter sought a reconsideration of her termination but her request was denied, hence, on April 30, 1993, she filed a complaint for illegal termination before the Regional Office No. 12 of the Civil Service Commission.
On May 10, 1993 the Regional Director found the complaint meritorious. It was noted that private respondent’s position as Executive Assistant II is a permanent position and is "covered by the Constitutional guarantee of security of tenure." Thus, the Regional Director held:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"WHEREFORE, foregoing premises considered, the services of Mrs. Billante G. Maruhom as Executive Assistant were illegally terminated. Accordingly, she should be immediately reverted to this position with payment of salaries and other benefits that would have accrued to her during the period she was out of the service."cralaw virtua1aw library
Despite said ruling, however, private respondent was not reinstated by petitioner, thereby prompting the former to write to the Regional Director on July 2, 1993 for a "request for an alternative remedy for the immediate reversion of Ms. Maruhom to her former position and the payment of her salary as Executive Assistant II, Mindanao University, Marawi City." The Regional Director promptly responded by issuing a letter-directive on November 5, 1993 ordering herein petitioner to comply with the order of May 3, 1993 under pain of penal and administrative sanctions.
On December 6, 1993, petitioner wrote a letter-request for reconsideration of the May 3, 1993 order to the Regional Director contending that the appointment of private respondent was not valid for lack of confirmation by the Board of Regents before it was submitted to the Civil Service Commission for attestation.
On March 21, 1994, the Regional Director referred the case to respondent Commission and submitted his Report and Recommendation dated March 11, 1994, recommending a reiteration of the earlier directive with the imposition of a "stern warning . . . that the order of this Commission must be complied with even if that University may not agree with it" (Report of Investigation, Annex "B", p. 69, Rollo).
On June 22, 1994, petitioner was ordered by the CSC Legal Office to submit her comment to the Report and Recommendation submitted by the Regional Director. Petitioner complied on August 17, 1994.
Respondent Commission, on December 13, 1994, resolved the case in favor of private Respondent. The dispositive portion of its decision reads:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"WHEREFORE, the Commission hereby directs the President of the Mindanao State University to explain within five (5) days from receipt of this Order why he should not be charged for not reinstating Billante S. Guinar-Maruhom as Executive Assistant II and for not paying her salaries and other benefits from the time of the termination of her services up to her reinstatement."cralaw virtua1aw library
In compliance with said directive, petitioner submitted her comment contending that her letter-request for reconsideration of the Regional Director’s order is still pending and, therefore, she has no obligation to comply with the order of reinstatement yet; that besides, private respondent’s appointment is not valid for lack of confirmation by the Board of Regents and that even if valid, private respondent’s appointment was confidential and, therefore, co-terminus with the term of office of then MSU President Alonto.
On October 17, 1995, respondent Commission issued Resolution No. 95-6446 and held:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
‘The contention that the tenure of Maruhom as Executive Assistant II is co-terminous with the term of office of then MSU President Alonto, the one who appointed her, must be rejected. There is no showing that said position has been declared as primarily confidential in nature by the Commission pursuant to its authority under the Administrative Code of 1987. In the absence of such declaration, the position is thus considered under the career service. Hence, an appointee who holds an appointment thereto under permanent status enjoys security of tenure as guaranteed by law. Thus, she could not be separated from the service except for cause and after due process.
WHEREFORE, MSU President Emily M. Marohombsar is hereby directed to immediately reinstate Billante G. Maruhom to her former position of Executive Assistant II and to pay all her back salaries and other benefits due her from the date of her separation up to the date of her reinstatement in the service. Further failure or defiance on the part of said official to do what is required, will be considered contempt of this Commission and grounds for administrative sanctions." 2
It is patent from the foregoing recital that private respondent was first appointed Technical Assistant in 1988 and the MSU Board of Regents (BOR) confirmed her appointment per its Resolution No. 279, s. 1988. The position title was subsequently reclassified and retitled to Executive Assistant II upon the effectivity of Republic Act 6758, otherwise known as the Salary Standardization Law. Since private respondent did not possess the appropriate civil service eligibility required of the position at that time, she was only extended a temporary appointment as Executive Assistant II which was noted by the MSU Board of Regents. Subsequently, upon acquiring Career Service Professional Eligibility, she was extended a permanent appointment to the position of Executive Assistant II by then MSU President Ahmad E. Alonto, Jr. on May 3, 1991. This appointment was approved as permanent by the Civil Service Commission Regional Office No. 12 on June 25, 1991. She assumed office and discharged the duties thereof, without any objection from the Board of Regents. When MSU President Alonto was replaced by herein petitioner Dr. Emily M. Marohombsar on January 5, 1993, private respondent continued her employment and received the corresponding salary and other benefits from the MSU until she was summarily terminated on February 28, 1993. The Civil Service Commission declared her termination as illegal and ordered the payment of all her back salaries and other benefits due her from the date of her separation up to the date of her reinstatement in the service.chanrobles.com : virtual law library
On appeal, the Court of Appeals affirmed the Order 3 dated December 13, 1994 of the Civil Service Commission (CSC) as well as the latter’s Resolution No. 956446 4 dated October 17, 1995. From the decision of the Court of Appeals and after its motion for reconsideration had been denied, petitioner Dr. Emily M. Marohombsar (in her official capacity as President of the Mindanao State University) filed the present petition on the ground that the Court of Appeals erred in declaring that private respondent’s termination was illegal; and in ordering the payment of back salaries and other benefits from the date of private respondent’s separation up to the date of her reinstatement in the service. The reasons advanced to support the instant petition are briefly stated as follows: 1) Private respondent’s appointment as Executive Assistant II dated May 3, 1991 lacks the requisite confirmation by the Board of Regents pursuant to the Mindanao State University (MSU) charter and code, hence, ineffective; 2) Private respondent’s position as Executive Assistant II is primarily confidential, hence, co-terminous with the term of office of the appointing authority. 5
We find no merit in the petition and hold that the same should be denied.
The power to appoint is vested in the Board of Regents upon the recommendation of the President as follows:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"SECTION 6. The Board of Regents shall have the following powers and duties, in addition to its general powers of administration and the exercise of the powers of the corporation:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
x x x
(e) To appoint on the recommendation of the President of the University, professors, lecturers and other employees of the University. . ." 6
The MSU Code of Governance reiterates the power of the President to recommend qualified persons to the Board of Regents to fill vacancies and new positions as follows:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
ARTICLE 41. General Powers of the President:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
x x x
(g) He shall recommend qualified persons to fill vacancies and new positions created and funded by the Board; provided, that such appointment shall be submitted in the next regular meeting of the Board; Provided Further, that no payment of salary shall be effected unless approved by the Board of Regents. 7
Based on the foregoing, petitioner correctly theorizes that private respondent’s appointment was merely ad interim considering the appointment was issued by the University President rather than the MSU Board of Regents prior to submission to the Civil Service Commission for attestation. Petitioner, however, errs in concluding that an ad interim appointment is invalid and ineffective, therefore, terminable at any time and for any cause.
The essence of ad interim appointments has been sufficiently discussed in Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila v. Intermediate Appellate Court 8 where the university’s charter similarly vests the power of appointment in the Board of Regents and the power to recommend in the President. It was therein held that under Philippine law and jurisprudence, an ad interim appointment is used to denote the manner in which the appointment is made; and it is not descriptive of the nature of the appointment given to the appointee. 9 By way of illustration, the Court stated in said case that "it is an appointment done by the President of the Pamantasan in the meantime, while the Board of Regents, which is originally vested by the University charter with the power of appointment, is unable to act." 10 As further explained by the Court in said case:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"In other words, if the Board of Regents is in session, the Pamantasan President merely nominates while the Board issues the appointment. But when the Board is not in session, the President is authorized to issue ad interim appointments. Such appointments are permanent but their terms are only until the Board disapproves them. If confirmed, the appointee’s term is converted into the regular term inherent in the position." 11
There is no question then, as petitioner herself theorizes, that private respondent’s appointment was ad interim having been issued by the President instead of the Board of Regents. The issue at this point is whether an employee holding an ad interim appointment may be terminated at any time and for any cause as advanced by petitioner.
We rule in the negative.
We have already mentioned that an ad interim appointment is not descriptive of the nature of the appointment, that is, it is not indicative of whether the appointment is temporary or in an acting capacity, rather it denotes the manner in which the appointment was made. In the instant case, the appointment extended to private respondent by then MSU President Alonto, Jr. was issued without condition nor limitation as to tenure. The permanent status of private respondent’s appointment as Executive Assistant II was recognized and attested to by the Civil Service Commission Regional Office No. 12. Petitioner’s submission that private respondent’s ad interim appointment is synonymous with a temporary appointment which could be validly terminated at any time is clearly untenable. Ad interim appointments are permanent but their terms are only until the Board disapproves them. 12 There is absolutely no showing that the Board of Regents disapproved private respondent’s appointment. On the contrary, private respondent assumed the position, discharged her duties and received the corresponding salary and benefits without objection from the MSU Board of Regents from the date of her appointment on May 3, 1991 or for a period of almost two (2) years until her dismissal effective February 28, 1993. It is worth mentioning that the MSU Code of Governance provides that" (n)o payment of salary shall be effected unless approved by the Board of Regents." 13 Considering that private respondent was paid her corresponding salary and benefits for almost two (2) years from her appointment as Executive Assistant II up to her termination, the Board of Regents may be deemed to have tacitly approved her appointment.
Petitioner’s other contention that private respondent’s position as Executive Assistant II is classified as primarily confidential and is thus co-terminous with the tenure of office of the appointing official must likewise be rejected. In support thereof, petitioner cites Memorandum Circular (MC) No. 13, s. 1990 and MC No. 1, s. 1993 of the Civil Service Commission allegedly declaring the said position as primarily confidential. The portion of MC No. 13, s. 1990 referred to by petitioner reads thus:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"Considering that the appointee to said position will be performing duties which will require absolute trust and confidence of the Undersecretary, the Commission has declared as primarily confidential in nature pursuant to Resolution No. 93-073 the position of Executive Assistant, Chauffeur/Driver and all other positions located in the Office of the Undersecretary per approved Position Allocation List. Hence, the term of office of the appointees therein shall be co-terminous with the official they serve."cralaw virtua1aw library
On the other hand, the portion of MC No. 1, s. 1990 relied upon by petitioner reads as follows:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"Pursuant to CSC Resolution No. 90-261 dated March 5, 1990, the position of Head Executive Assistant has been declared as primarily confidential in nature. The term of office of the appointees to said position becomes co-terminous with that of the appointing authority. In cases where the executive being assisted is not the appointing authority, the term of office of the Head Executive Assistant shall be dependent upon the former’s recommendation."cralaw virtua1aw library
Both MCs are not applicable to the instant case. MC No. 01, s. 1993 refers to Executive Assistant, Chauffeur/Driver and other positions located in the Office of the Undersecretary as clearly provided in the subject heading thereof as follows:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"SUBJECT: Declaration of the Executive Assistant, Chauffeur/Driver and all other positions located in the office of the Undersecretary as primarily Confidential in Nature."cralaw virtua1aw library
Herein private respondent is holding the position of Executive Assistant II in the Office of the Chancellor. On the other hand, MC No. 01, s. 1990 clearly refers to Head Executive Assistant and not Executive Assistant II.
On this score, the appellate court correctly ruled thus:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"There is nothing in the records that would indicate any justification for the respondent Commission to classify the position of private respondent as primarily confidential. Petitioner failed to specify the particular duty of private respondents that would classify her position as highly confidential. Petitioner merely invoked CSC memorandum Circular No. 1, s. 1993, which classified the position of Executive Assistant as primarily confidential in nature. However, that memorandum circular exclusively refers to Executive Assistants assigned in the office of Undersecretaries and not to University Presidents or Chancellors. Such reliance on the part of petitioner is, therefore, misplaced. In any event, even if reliance is made on said circular, private respondent’s case still would not fall under such classification since it was categorically stated in the circular that those incumbents to the reclassified positions whose appointments are permanent" "shall retain their permanent status until said positions are vacated" (CSC memorandum Circular No. 1, s. 1993). 14
Based on the foregoing, private respondent holds an appointment under permanent status and thus enjoys security of tenure as guaranteed by law. As an employee in the civil service and as a civil service eligible, private respondent is entitled to the benefits, rights and privileges extended to those belonging to the service. Private respondent could not be removed or dismissed from the service without just cause and without observing the requirements of due process as what happened in the present case. 15 Inescapable then is the conclusion that private respondent was illegally dismissed when she was summarily terminated from the service by mere letter on the alleged ground of "urgent need to establish a new order and maintain the trust and confidence reposed upon the Office of the President . . ."cralaw virtua1aw library
However, according to settled jurisprudence, an illegally terminated civil service employee is entitled to back salaries limited only to a maximum period of five years 16 and not full back salaries from her illegal termination up to her reinstatement.
WHEREFORE, the instant petition is hereby DENIED. The decision of the Court of Appeals is AFFIRMED subject to the modification in the payment of back salaries as stated above.
SO ORDERED.chanrobles virtuallawlibrary
Panganiban and Purisima, JJ., concur.
Melo, J., took no part.
Vitug, J., took no part, close association with the family of the party.
Endnotes:
1. Penned by Associate Justice Salome A. Montoya and concurred in by Associate Justices Godardo A. Jacinto and Maximiano C. Asuncion.
2. Rollo, pp. 19-22.
3. Per Chairman Patricia A. Sto. Tomas and Commissioners Ramon P. Ereneta, Jr. and Thelma P. Gaminde.
4. Per Chairman Corazon Alma G. De Leon and Commissioners Ramon P. Ereneta, Jr. and Thelma P. Gaminde.
5. Rollo, p. 9.
6. Mindanao State University Charter, RA 1387.
7. Mindanao State University Code of Governance.
8. 140 SCRA 22 (1985).
9. At p. 33.
10. Ibid.
11. At p. 34.
12. Ibid.
13. Article 41(g) of the MSU Code.
14. Rollo, p. 103.
15. Cortez v. Bartolome, 100 SCRA 1 (1980)
16. San Luis v. Court of Appeals, 174 SCRA 258 (1989); Tan, Jr. v. Office of the President, 229 SCRA 677 (1994).
