January 1909 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence
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G.R. No. 4765 January 20, 1909 - ANG SENG QUEN, ET AL. v. JUAN TE CHICO, ET AL.
012 Phil 547:
012 Phil 547:
EN BANC
[G.R. No. 4765. January 20, 1909. ]
ANG SENG QUEN, ET AL., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. JUAN TE CHICO, ET AL,., Defendants-Appellants.
Kincaid & Hurd, for Appellants.
C. W. O’Brien, Mañalac, Gabriel & Diaz, Frederick Garfield Waite and Claro Reyes Panlilio, for Appellees.
SYLLABUS
1. PARTNERSHIP; ACTION; RIGHT TO SUE. — The partners in a commercial company when articles of partnership have not been filed in the mercantile registry, can sue as individuals upon a cause of action accruing to the partnership.
2. ID.; CODE OF COMMERCE. — A partnership devoted entirely to the buying and selling of personal property with a view to profit is a commercial partnership and governed by the provisions of the Code of Commerce.
3. ID.; ID.; SPECIAL PARTNERS. — A certain practice among Chinese merchants, by which commercial partnerships are organized in violation of the provisions of the Code of Commerce, has not the effect of law.
4. ID., ID.; ID.; CHINESE COMMERCIAL COMPANIES. — Hung-Man-Yoc v. Kieng Chiong-Seng (6 Phil. Rep., 498) followed to the effect that a partner in an irregular Chinese commercial company, whose name does not appear in the partnership title and who has taken no part in the management of the business, is not personally liable for the debts of the partnership.
5. ID. ID. ID. — A special partner (socio comanditario) in a limited partnership (sociedad en comandita) whose articles of partnership have not been filed in the mercantile registry, is not personally liable for the partnership debts, when his name does not appear in the partnership title and he has taken no part in the management of the business.
6. ID.; ID.; ID. — Mere participation in the profits of a commercial partnership does not necessarily make the person so participating liable as a partner for the debts of the company.
2. ID.; CODE OF COMMERCE. — A partnership devoted entirely to the buying and selling of personal property with a view to profit is a commercial partnership and governed by the provisions of the Code of Commerce.
3. ID.; ID.; SPECIAL PARTNERS. — A certain practice among Chinese merchants, by which commercial partnerships are organized in violation of the provisions of the Code of Commerce, has not the effect of law.
4. ID., ID.; ID.; CHINESE COMMERCIAL COMPANIES. — Hung-Man-Yoc v. Kieng Chiong-Seng (6 Phil. Rep., 498) followed to the effect that a partner in an irregular Chinese commercial company, whose name does not appear in the partnership title and who has taken no part in the management of the business, is not personally liable for the debts of the partnership.
5. ID. ID. ID. — A special partner (socio comanditario) in a limited partnership (sociedad en comandita) whose articles of partnership have not been filed in the mercantile registry, is not personally liable for the partnership debts, when his name does not appear in the partnership title and he has taken no part in the management of the business.
6. ID.; ID.; ID. — Mere participation in the profits of a commercial partnership does not necessarily make the person so participating liable as a partner for the debts of the company.
D E C I S I O N
WILLARD, J. :
A former appeal in this case is reported in 7 Phil. Rep., 541. The judgment there appealed from was affirmed as to the defendant Uy Su Liong but was reversed and a new trial ordered as to the defendants Juan Te Chico and Cu Ung Jeng. In the opinion upon that appeal the court said (p. 544):jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"There was evidence in the court below tending to prove the allegations of the complaint against some at least of the defendants, which evidence made out a prima facie case in favor of the plaintiffs."cralaw virtua1aw library
Upon the second trial the plaintiffs introduced the same evidence that was introduced at the first trial and there appeared, moreover, a letter written by the then manager of the business at Iloilo, Ong Bun Po, to the manager at Manila, in which he said:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"The debts we owed Hoc Jua Bee you must ask for an extension of time to pay him until our business becomes better. If not, we are hard in getting money to pay in cash."cralaw virtua1aw library
The additional evidence introduced by the defendants at the second trial did not in any way destroy the prima facie case made by the plaintiffs. The court below entered judgment for the amount claimed in favor of the plaintiffs and against the defendants Juan Te Chico, Trinidad Jurado Te Quim Jua, Cu Jua, Cu Ung Jeng, Ang Ban Gui, and Ang Ban Bi. From this judgment Juan Te Chico and Cu Ung Jeng have appealed. The others have not appealed.
The additional evidence introduced by the defendants not having affected the force of the plaintiffs’ testimony, the latter were entitled to judgment against some of the defendants. The question is, whether they are entitled to judgment against the two appellants.
That the plaintiff s as individuals can maintain this action, although their partnership articles were not recorded in the registry, has been settled by the decisions of this court. (Prautch v. Jones, 8 Phil. Rep., 1.) The defendant partnership was devoted entirely to commercial transactions, to the buying and selling of personal property with a view to profit. It was, therefore, a commercial partnership and the liability of the members thereof must be determined by the Code of Commerce. (Hung-Man-Yoc v. Kieng-Chiong-Seng, 6 Phil. Rep., 498.)
Considerable evidence was presented in the court below to show the custom among Chinese merchants in the Philippines relating to the organization of commercial partnerships, such evidence tending to show that in such organizations they disregarded entirely the provisions of the Code of Commerce, and it is apparently claimed that that custom has the effect of law and that the rights of Chinese merchants and persons dealing with them must be determined not by the law in force in the Islands relating to commercial partnerships, but by such customs as they may see fit to follow, which customs are directly contrary to the provisions of the Code of Commerce. No argument is necessary to show that there is nothing whatever in this contention.
We will first consider the liability of Cu Ung Jeng.
The contract between the defendants was evidenced-by the notarial document made on the 22d of December, 1902, by the terms of which Juan Te Chico, Cu Ung Jeng, and Ang Ban Gui formed a special partnership (sociedad en comandia), the general partner being Juan Te Chico and the special partners being Cu Ung Jeng and Ang Ban Gui. Each of the partners contributed 4,000 pesos as capital, the name of the partnership was declared to be Te Chico, sociedad en comandita, and the entire management of the business was entrusted to Juan Te Chico. The articles of partnership were never recorded in the mercantile registry. The partnership, therefore, never acquired any juridical personality. Article 24 of the Code of Commerce is as follows:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"Articles constituting associations not recorded shall be binding between the members who execute the same; but they shall not prejudice third persons, who, however, may make use thereof in so far as advantageous."cralaw virtua1aw library
But this article does not aid the plaintiffs so far as Cu Ung Jeng is concerned because his liability is, by the terms thereof, limited to the amount of money which he invested and under the provisions of the Code of Commerce relating to special partnerships (sociedades en comandita) no personal liability can be imposed upon a special partner who has actually contributed to the capital of the partnership the amount which he agreed to contribute. If, however, that document be eliminated from the case and it be considered that the contract between the parties was the entry made in the books of the company when it was first organized in 1899, the case would then fall directly within the decision of Hung-Man-Yoc v. Kieng-Chiong-Seng (6 Phil. Rep., 498) above cited. In that case it is said (p. 500):jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"The agent Yu-Yec-Pin himself and some of his so-called partners have merely noted in the books of the partnership, which by the way, were not introduced in evidence. the capital which each had contributed."cralaw virtua1aw library
In that case it was held that one of the partners, Chua Che Co, who had contributed a part of the capital but who had taken no part in the management of the business, who had made no contract with the plaintiffs, and whose name did not appear in the partnership title, was not responsible for the debts of the concern. Those facts all appear in the case at bar.
The name under which the defendant partnership or business was operated prior to 1902 was Sam Jap Jim Co. Although the name indicated in the articles of partnership of 1902 was Te Chico, sociedad en comandita, yet it seems that the business was still carried on in the name of Sam Jap Jim & Co. The name of Cu Ung Jeng does not appear in either one of these designations. He took no part whatever in the management of the business of the company, either in Iloilo or Manila. He never made any contract with the plaintiff s in connection with the business of the defendant company. He, therefore, can not be held liable for its debts.
Mere participation in the profits of a commercial partnership by a person does not necessarily make such person liable for the debts of the partnership. (Bourns v. Carman, 7 Phil. Rep., 117; Fortis v. Gutierrez Hermanos, 6 Phil. Rep., 100.)
As to Juan Te Chico, it is apparent that the judgment must be affirmed. He was the sole manager of the business and carried it on, either personally or through his agents, and in accordance with the provisions of article 120 of the Code of Commerce is personally responsible for the debts of the partnership.
The judgment of the court below so far as it relates to Juan Te Chico is affirmed, with the costs of this instance against him. So far as it relates to Cu Ung Jeng, it is reversed and he is acquitted of the complaint, with the costs of the first instance against the plaintiffs. No costs will be allowed to him in this court.
Arellano, C.J., Torres, Mapa and Tracey, JJ., concur.
Johnson and Carson, JJ., reserve their votes.
"There was evidence in the court below tending to prove the allegations of the complaint against some at least of the defendants, which evidence made out a prima facie case in favor of the plaintiffs."cralaw virtua1aw library
Upon the second trial the plaintiffs introduced the same evidence that was introduced at the first trial and there appeared, moreover, a letter written by the then manager of the business at Iloilo, Ong Bun Po, to the manager at Manila, in which he said:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"The debts we owed Hoc Jua Bee you must ask for an extension of time to pay him until our business becomes better. If not, we are hard in getting money to pay in cash."cralaw virtua1aw library
The additional evidence introduced by the defendants at the second trial did not in any way destroy the prima facie case made by the plaintiffs. The court below entered judgment for the amount claimed in favor of the plaintiffs and against the defendants Juan Te Chico, Trinidad Jurado Te Quim Jua, Cu Jua, Cu Ung Jeng, Ang Ban Gui, and Ang Ban Bi. From this judgment Juan Te Chico and Cu Ung Jeng have appealed. The others have not appealed.
The additional evidence introduced by the defendants not having affected the force of the plaintiffs’ testimony, the latter were entitled to judgment against some of the defendants. The question is, whether they are entitled to judgment against the two appellants.
That the plaintiff s as individuals can maintain this action, although their partnership articles were not recorded in the registry, has been settled by the decisions of this court. (Prautch v. Jones, 8 Phil. Rep., 1.) The defendant partnership was devoted entirely to commercial transactions, to the buying and selling of personal property with a view to profit. It was, therefore, a commercial partnership and the liability of the members thereof must be determined by the Code of Commerce. (Hung-Man-Yoc v. Kieng-Chiong-Seng, 6 Phil. Rep., 498.)
Considerable evidence was presented in the court below to show the custom among Chinese merchants in the Philippines relating to the organization of commercial partnerships, such evidence tending to show that in such organizations they disregarded entirely the provisions of the Code of Commerce, and it is apparently claimed that that custom has the effect of law and that the rights of Chinese merchants and persons dealing with them must be determined not by the law in force in the Islands relating to commercial partnerships, but by such customs as they may see fit to follow, which customs are directly contrary to the provisions of the Code of Commerce. No argument is necessary to show that there is nothing whatever in this contention.
We will first consider the liability of Cu Ung Jeng.
The contract between the defendants was evidenced-by the notarial document made on the 22d of December, 1902, by the terms of which Juan Te Chico, Cu Ung Jeng, and Ang Ban Gui formed a special partnership (sociedad en comandia), the general partner being Juan Te Chico and the special partners being Cu Ung Jeng and Ang Ban Gui. Each of the partners contributed 4,000 pesos as capital, the name of the partnership was declared to be Te Chico, sociedad en comandita, and the entire management of the business was entrusted to Juan Te Chico. The articles of partnership were never recorded in the mercantile registry. The partnership, therefore, never acquired any juridical personality. Article 24 of the Code of Commerce is as follows:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"Articles constituting associations not recorded shall be binding between the members who execute the same; but they shall not prejudice third persons, who, however, may make use thereof in so far as advantageous."cralaw virtua1aw library
But this article does not aid the plaintiffs so far as Cu Ung Jeng is concerned because his liability is, by the terms thereof, limited to the amount of money which he invested and under the provisions of the Code of Commerce relating to special partnerships (sociedades en comandita) no personal liability can be imposed upon a special partner who has actually contributed to the capital of the partnership the amount which he agreed to contribute. If, however, that document be eliminated from the case and it be considered that the contract between the parties was the entry made in the books of the company when it was first organized in 1899, the case would then fall directly within the decision of Hung-Man-Yoc v. Kieng-Chiong-Seng (6 Phil. Rep., 498) above cited. In that case it is said (p. 500):jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"The agent Yu-Yec-Pin himself and some of his so-called partners have merely noted in the books of the partnership, which by the way, were not introduced in evidence. the capital which each had contributed."cralaw virtua1aw library
In that case it was held that one of the partners, Chua Che Co, who had contributed a part of the capital but who had taken no part in the management of the business, who had made no contract with the plaintiffs, and whose name did not appear in the partnership title, was not responsible for the debts of the concern. Those facts all appear in the case at bar.
The name under which the defendant partnership or business was operated prior to 1902 was Sam Jap Jim Co. Although the name indicated in the articles of partnership of 1902 was Te Chico, sociedad en comandita, yet it seems that the business was still carried on in the name of Sam Jap Jim & Co. The name of Cu Ung Jeng does not appear in either one of these designations. He took no part whatever in the management of the business of the company, either in Iloilo or Manila. He never made any contract with the plaintiff s in connection with the business of the defendant company. He, therefore, can not be held liable for its debts.
Mere participation in the profits of a commercial partnership by a person does not necessarily make such person liable for the debts of the partnership. (Bourns v. Carman, 7 Phil. Rep., 117; Fortis v. Gutierrez Hermanos, 6 Phil. Rep., 100.)
As to Juan Te Chico, it is apparent that the judgment must be affirmed. He was the sole manager of the business and carried it on, either personally or through his agents, and in accordance with the provisions of article 120 of the Code of Commerce is personally responsible for the debts of the partnership.
The judgment of the court below so far as it relates to Juan Te Chico is affirmed, with the costs of this instance against him. So far as it relates to Cu Ung Jeng, it is reversed and he is acquitted of the complaint, with the costs of the first instance against the plaintiffs. No costs will be allowed to him in this court.
Arellano, C.J., Torres, Mapa and Tracey, JJ., concur.
Johnson and Carson, JJ., reserve their votes.
