April 1963 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
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G.R. Nos. L-17880 and L-17881 April 23, 1963 - MALAYA WORKERS UNION, ET AL. v. COURT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, ET AL. :
EN BANC
[G.R. Nos. L-17880 and L-17881. April 23, 1963.]
MALAYA WORKERS UNION (PAFLU), RESTITUTO GUMBOC, NICODEMUS GLORIA, TRANQUILINO ABELLANO and ANITA ADVINCULA, Petitioners, v. THE COURT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, BAGUMBUHAY CIGAR AND CIGARETTE FACTORY, YU TE and PIA WA, Respondents.
Cipriano Cid & Associates and Israel Bocobo, for Petitioners.
Caparas & Ilagan, for Respondents.
SYLLABUS
1. COURT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS; AUTHORITY TO ORDER REINSTATEMENT IN AN UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE CASE. — In an unfair labor practice case where the Court of Industrial Relations makes no finding that the employee had been discriminatorily dismissed, the court has no power to order reinstatement. The court should simply dismiss the case.
2. ID.; ID.; EXERCISE OF POWERS OF ARBITRATION AND CONCILIATION IN AN UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE CASE. — The authority of the Court of Industrial Relations to order reinstatement under Commonwealth Act 103 is confined to instances covered thereby, i.e., when the court is exercising its power of arbitration and conciliation. In unfair labor practice cases, which are distinctive proceedings prosecuted like criminal offenses, the Industrial Court is inhibited from exercising its powers of arbitration and conciliation.
3. ID.; ID.; REMEDY OF DISMISSED EMPLOYEE. — Where the charge of unfair labor practice fails, the breach by the employer of the obligation to the employee may be redressed like an ordinary contract or obligation.
2. ID.; ID.; EXERCISE OF POWERS OF ARBITRATION AND CONCILIATION IN AN UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE CASE. — The authority of the Court of Industrial Relations to order reinstatement under Commonwealth Act 103 is confined to instances covered thereby, i.e., when the court is exercising its power of arbitration and conciliation. In unfair labor practice cases, which are distinctive proceedings prosecuted like criminal offenses, the Industrial Court is inhibited from exercising its powers of arbitration and conciliation.
3. ID.; ID.; REMEDY OF DISMISSED EMPLOYEE. — Where the charge of unfair labor practice fails, the breach by the employer of the obligation to the employee may be redressed like an ordinary contract or obligation.
D E C I S I O N
MAKALINTAL, J.:
Review on certiorari of a decision of the Court of Industrial Relations.
Petitioners Restituto Gumboc, Nicodemus Gloria, Tranquilino Abellano and Anita Advincula, members of petitioner Malaya Workers Union (PAFLU), were the complainants in two cases of unfair labor practice (Cases Nos. 1842 and 1845-ULP) filed in the Court of Industrial Relations against their former employer, respondent Bagumbuhay Cigar and Cigarette Factory, of which respondents Yu Te is owner-manager and Pia Wa is assistant manager. The employer was charged with having dismissed its four employees for union activities.
On January 30, 1960 the court decided the two consolidated cases, dismissing the complaints for unfair labor practice but ordering respondents "to reemploy Anita Advincula as soon as necessity for work arises, with priority right over all others and to reinstate, without back wages, Restituto Gumboc, Nicodemus Gloria and Tranquilino Abellano." On February 6, 1960 respondents filed a motion for reconsideration of the decision on the ground that the Industrial Court cannot order reinstatement once it makes the finding that the dismissals do not constitute an unfair labor practice. On October 31, 1960 the court en banc passed a resolution deleting the order of reinstatement from the decision. The present petition for review hinges on a single issue: Whether the Court of Industrial Relations has power to order reinstatement in an unfair labor practice case where it made no finding that the employee had been discriminatorily dismissed.
The question is not of first impression. In the case of Baguio Gold Mining Company v. Benjamin Tabisola, Et Al., 1 the Court said:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"The law is clear. In an unfair labor practice case where the Court of Industrial Relations finds that the person charged in the complaint has engaged or is engaging in unfair labor practice, the court is expressly granted the power to order reinstatement with or without back pay. But this authority had been implicitly withheld where the charge is not substantiated. Then, the Court of Industrial Relations is directed to simply dismiss the complaint.
"In support of the view that the Industrial Court possesses the questioned authority, respondents contend that said court, under Commonwealth Act 103, has broad powers including reinstatement and award of back wages; and that in approving Republic Act 875, Congress had not intended to place the employee in a situation where after his unfair labor practice charge is dismissed, he may not be accorded the necessary protection guaranteed by the Constitution and the civil code.
"The authority of the Court of Industrial Relations to render reinstatement under Commonwealth Act 103 is confined to instances covered thereby, i.e., when the court is exercising its power of arbitration and conciliation. In unfair labor practice cases, which are distinctive proceedings prosecuted like criminal offenses, the Industrial Court is inhibited from exercising its powers of arbitration and conciliation.
"The dismissed employee is not entirely without remedy if his charge of unfair labor practice fails and his complaint dismissed, because the breach by the employer of the obligation to him may be redressed like an ordinary contract or obligation."cralaw virtua1aw library
The decision appealed from, as amended by the resolution of respondent Court en banc of October 31, 1960, is affirmed, with costs against petitioners.
Bengzon, C.J., Padilla, Bautista Angelo, Concepcion, Reyes, J.B.L., Paredes, Dizon and Regala, JJ., concur.
Labrador and Barrera, JJ., took no part.
Petitioners Restituto Gumboc, Nicodemus Gloria, Tranquilino Abellano and Anita Advincula, members of petitioner Malaya Workers Union (PAFLU), were the complainants in two cases of unfair labor practice (Cases Nos. 1842 and 1845-ULP) filed in the Court of Industrial Relations against their former employer, respondent Bagumbuhay Cigar and Cigarette Factory, of which respondents Yu Te is owner-manager and Pia Wa is assistant manager. The employer was charged with having dismissed its four employees for union activities.
On January 30, 1960 the court decided the two consolidated cases, dismissing the complaints for unfair labor practice but ordering respondents "to reemploy Anita Advincula as soon as necessity for work arises, with priority right over all others and to reinstate, without back wages, Restituto Gumboc, Nicodemus Gloria and Tranquilino Abellano." On February 6, 1960 respondents filed a motion for reconsideration of the decision on the ground that the Industrial Court cannot order reinstatement once it makes the finding that the dismissals do not constitute an unfair labor practice. On October 31, 1960 the court en banc passed a resolution deleting the order of reinstatement from the decision. The present petition for review hinges on a single issue: Whether the Court of Industrial Relations has power to order reinstatement in an unfair labor practice case where it made no finding that the employee had been discriminatorily dismissed.
The question is not of first impression. In the case of Baguio Gold Mining Company v. Benjamin Tabisola, Et Al., 1 the Court said:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"The law is clear. In an unfair labor practice case where the Court of Industrial Relations finds that the person charged in the complaint has engaged or is engaging in unfair labor practice, the court is expressly granted the power to order reinstatement with or without back pay. But this authority had been implicitly withheld where the charge is not substantiated. Then, the Court of Industrial Relations is directed to simply dismiss the complaint.
"In support of the view that the Industrial Court possesses the questioned authority, respondents contend that said court, under Commonwealth Act 103, has broad powers including reinstatement and award of back wages; and that in approving Republic Act 875, Congress had not intended to place the employee in a situation where after his unfair labor practice charge is dismissed, he may not be accorded the necessary protection guaranteed by the Constitution and the civil code.
"The authority of the Court of Industrial Relations to render reinstatement under Commonwealth Act 103 is confined to instances covered thereby, i.e., when the court is exercising its power of arbitration and conciliation. In unfair labor practice cases, which are distinctive proceedings prosecuted like criminal offenses, the Industrial Court is inhibited from exercising its powers of arbitration and conciliation.
"The dismissed employee is not entirely without remedy if his charge of unfair labor practice fails and his complaint dismissed, because the breach by the employer of the obligation to him may be redressed like an ordinary contract or obligation."cralaw virtua1aw library
The decision appealed from, as amended by the resolution of respondent Court en banc of October 31, 1960, is affirmed, with costs against petitioners.
Bengzon, C.J., Padilla, Bautista Angelo, Concepcion, Reyes, J.B.L., Paredes, Dizon and Regala, JJ., concur.
Labrador and Barrera, JJ., took no part.
Endnotes:
1. L-15265 April 27, 1962. See also National Labor Union v. Insular-Yebana Corporation L-15863, July 31, 1961; Cagalawan v. Customs Canteen, L-16031, October 31, 1961; and San Miguel Brewery, Inc. v. Floresca, Et Al., L-15427, April 26, 1962.
