October 1984 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence
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G.R. No. L-39949 October 31, 1984 - MANUEL H. SANTIAGO, ET AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.:
FIRST DIVISION
[G.R. No. L-39949. October 31, 1984.]
MANUEL H. SANTIAGO, ET AL., Petitioners, v. COURT OF APPEALS and SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM, Respondents.
Carlos E. Santiago, for Petitioners.
Nely G. Cruz & Victor X. Gonzales for respondent SSS.
SYLLABUS
1. LABOR AND SOCIAL LEGISLATION; SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM; SSS CIRCULAR NO. 52; SALARY LOAN; EMPLOYER IS MERELY THE CONDUIT FOR REMITTING THE PREMIUMS; NO CONTRACT OF AGENCY EXISTS BETWEEN EMPLOYER AND SYSTEM. — It should be noted from the SSS Circular No. 52 that it is the borrower who expressly authorizes his employer and subsequent employers to deduct from his salary the installments due on his salary loan. The employer then remits the installments due to the System in accordance with rules that the System has laid down. The employer, in so deducting the installment payments from the borrower, does so upon the latter’s authorization. The employer is merely the conduit for remitting the premiums for reasons of administrative convenience and expediency in order that SSS members may be served efficiently and expeditiously. No contract of agency, in the legal sense, therefore may be said to exist between the employer and the System.
2. ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; ENTITLEMENT TO THE COLLECTION FEE BY THE EMPLOYER DOES NOT MAKE THE LATTER THE AGENT OF THE SYSTEM. — The entitlement to the collection fee by the employer neither makes the latter agent of the System. The fee was devised to encourage employers to be prompt in the remittance of their collection to the System. As held by respondent Appellate Court: "To us, this negligible collection fee is only an incentive granted to all employers throughout the country covered by the Social Security Act for their efforts in helping the System collect the necessary contributions and payments made to the latter by the innumerable individual members. This incentive is for administrative policy efficiency and expediency with the end in view that the purposes for which the System has been created by law shall be effectively carried out. . ."cralaw virtua1aw library
3. ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; RATIONALE. — To rule otherwise would be to open the door for unscrupulous employers to circumvent the law by not remitting their collections of salary loans installment payments from employees since, anyway, the System would credit them with what they had paid to the Employer even though the latter fails to remit them to the System.
4. ID.; ID.; SOCIAL SECURITY ACT; PREMIUM; NOTWITHSTANDING NON-REMITTANCE, EMPLOYEES ENTITLED TO THE BENEFITS OF THE COVERAGE. — There is difference, however, in respect of premium contributions, by reason of the explicit provision of Section 22(b) of the Social Security Act. Clearly, if the employer neglects to pay the premium contributions, the System may proceed with the collection in the same manner as the Bureau of Internal Revenue in case of unpaid taxes. Plainly, too, notwithstanding non-remittance by employers of the premium contributions, covered employees are entitled to the benefits of the coverage, such as death, sickness, retirement, and permanent disability benefits. These benefits continue to be enjoyed by the employees by operation of law and not, as petitioners allege, because the premium contributions and salary loan installment payments have already become the money of the System upon payment by the employees to the employer.
5. ID.; ID.; SALARY LOANS; NOT COVERED BY LAW BUT BY CONTRACT BETWEEN THE SYSTEM AS LENDER, AND THE PRIVATE EMPLOYEE AS BORROWER. — It should be remembered that funds contributed to the System by compulsion of law are funds belonging to the members, which are merely held in trust by the government. The mentioned benefits, however, do not include the salary loan privileges that member-employees apply for. The System may or may not grant those loans pursuant to its rules and regulations. The salary loans are not covered by law but by contract between the System as lender, and the private employee, as borrower.
6. ID.; ID.; SOCIAL SECURITY ACT; PREMIUM; PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO PAY PREMIUM CONTRIBUTION IS INTENDED TO EXACT COMPLIANCE BY THE EMPLOYER. — Contrary to petitioners’ contention, the penalty of 3% per month imposed on the employer, if any premium contribution is not paid to the System, prescribed by Section 22 of the Act from the date the contribution falls due until paid, does not necessarily make the employer the agent of the System. The prescribed penalty is intended to exact compliance by the employer. It is evidently of a punitive character to assure that employers do not take lightly the state’s exercise of the police power in the implementation of the Republic’s declared policy to develop, establish gradually, and perfect a Social Security System which shall be suitable to the needs of the people throughout the Philippines and to provide protection to employees against the hazards of disability, sickness, old age, and death.
PLANA, J., concurring:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
LABOR AND SOCIAL LEGISLATIONS; SOCIAL SECURITY ACT; INADEQUATE TO PROTECT EMPLOYEES AND THE SYSTEM WHEN THE EMPLOYER BECOMES INSOLVENT. — Who bears the loss of unremitted SSS premium contributions and salary loan repayments previously withheld from the salaries of employees in private enterprises in case the employer who has misappropriated the same fails to make restitution? This is the problem posed in this SSS case. The solution explained in the written ponencia of Madame Justice Melencio-Herrera, with whom I concur, is in accordance with law. But the law as it stands seems inadequate to protect either the interest of the employees or the Social Security System. Thus, with respect to unremitted salary loan repayments, the employees have to shoulder the loss, if the employer is insolvent. On the other hand, as to premium contributions, the SSS and ultimately the members of the System must suffer the employer’s misconduct and insolvency. This situation underscores the danger of allowing private custodians of trust funds to commingle the same with private money, and indicates the necessity of requiring said persons/companies to keep trust funds segregated under separate accounts, which will make their fiscal officers fully aware of the nature of the funds they are disbursing — knowledge which will exert a powerful deterrent effect on diversion or misappropriation of trust funds.
2. ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; ENTITLEMENT TO THE COLLECTION FEE BY THE EMPLOYER DOES NOT MAKE THE LATTER THE AGENT OF THE SYSTEM. — The entitlement to the collection fee by the employer neither makes the latter agent of the System. The fee was devised to encourage employers to be prompt in the remittance of their collection to the System. As held by respondent Appellate Court: "To us, this negligible collection fee is only an incentive granted to all employers throughout the country covered by the Social Security Act for their efforts in helping the System collect the necessary contributions and payments made to the latter by the innumerable individual members. This incentive is for administrative policy efficiency and expediency with the end in view that the purposes for which the System has been created by law shall be effectively carried out. . ."cralaw virtua1aw library
3. ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; RATIONALE. — To rule otherwise would be to open the door for unscrupulous employers to circumvent the law by not remitting their collections of salary loans installment payments from employees since, anyway, the System would credit them with what they had paid to the Employer even though the latter fails to remit them to the System.
4. ID.; ID.; SOCIAL SECURITY ACT; PREMIUM; NOTWITHSTANDING NON-REMITTANCE, EMPLOYEES ENTITLED TO THE BENEFITS OF THE COVERAGE. — There is difference, however, in respect of premium contributions, by reason of the explicit provision of Section 22(b) of the Social Security Act. Clearly, if the employer neglects to pay the premium contributions, the System may proceed with the collection in the same manner as the Bureau of Internal Revenue in case of unpaid taxes. Plainly, too, notwithstanding non-remittance by employers of the premium contributions, covered employees are entitled to the benefits of the coverage, such as death, sickness, retirement, and permanent disability benefits. These benefits continue to be enjoyed by the employees by operation of law and not, as petitioners allege, because the premium contributions and salary loan installment payments have already become the money of the System upon payment by the employees to the employer.
5. ID.; ID.; SALARY LOANS; NOT COVERED BY LAW BUT BY CONTRACT BETWEEN THE SYSTEM AS LENDER, AND THE PRIVATE EMPLOYEE AS BORROWER. — It should be remembered that funds contributed to the System by compulsion of law are funds belonging to the members, which are merely held in trust by the government. The mentioned benefits, however, do not include the salary loan privileges that member-employees apply for. The System may or may not grant those loans pursuant to its rules and regulations. The salary loans are not covered by law but by contract between the System as lender, and the private employee, as borrower.
6. ID.; ID.; SOCIAL SECURITY ACT; PREMIUM; PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO PAY PREMIUM CONTRIBUTION IS INTENDED TO EXACT COMPLIANCE BY THE EMPLOYER. — Contrary to petitioners’ contention, the penalty of 3% per month imposed on the employer, if any premium contribution is not paid to the System, prescribed by Section 22 of the Act from the date the contribution falls due until paid, does not necessarily make the employer the agent of the System. The prescribed penalty is intended to exact compliance by the employer. It is evidently of a punitive character to assure that employers do not take lightly the state’s exercise of the police power in the implementation of the Republic’s declared policy to develop, establish gradually, and perfect a Social Security System which shall be suitable to the needs of the people throughout the Philippines and to provide protection to employees against the hazards of disability, sickness, old age, and death.
PLANA, J., concurring:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
LABOR AND SOCIAL LEGISLATIONS; SOCIAL SECURITY ACT; INADEQUATE TO PROTECT EMPLOYEES AND THE SYSTEM WHEN THE EMPLOYER BECOMES INSOLVENT. — Who bears the loss of unremitted SSS premium contributions and salary loan repayments previously withheld from the salaries of employees in private enterprises in case the employer who has misappropriated the same fails to make restitution? This is the problem posed in this SSS case. The solution explained in the written ponencia of Madame Justice Melencio-Herrera, with whom I concur, is in accordance with law. But the law as it stands seems inadequate to protect either the interest of the employees or the Social Security System. Thus, with respect to unremitted salary loan repayments, the employees have to shoulder the loss, if the employer is insolvent. On the other hand, as to premium contributions, the SSS and ultimately the members of the System must suffer the employer’s misconduct and insolvency. This situation underscores the danger of allowing private custodians of trust funds to commingle the same with private money, and indicates the necessity of requiring said persons/companies to keep trust funds segregated under separate accounts, which will make their fiscal officers fully aware of the nature of the funds they are disbursing — knowledge which will exert a powerful deterrent effect on diversion or misappropriation of trust funds.
D E C I S I O N
MELENCIO-HERRERA, J.:
A Petition to review the Decision of the then Court of Appeals (in CA-G.R. No. SP-01897-R), which affirmed the Resolution of the Social Security Commission (in Case No. 1073-SSC), denying the petition of Manuel H. Santiago, Et Al., to credit in their favor the salary deductions, by way of premium contributions and salary loan installment payments, made by their former employer, I-Fen Enameling Company (Phil.) Inc., (the Employer, for brevity), but which the latter failed to remit to the Social Security System (the System, for short).
There is no dispute as to the facts, as found by the then Court of Appeals.
"There is no dispute that petitioners were employees of I-Fen Enameling Company (Phil.) Inc. for several years, some from 1950 up to the time the company closed its business on May 1, 1965, and that since the enactment of the Social Security Act, Republic Act No. 1161, as amended, said employees have been paying, through salary deductions, their personal contributions to the System. There is likewise no dispute that appellants, during their employment, also enjoyed salary loan benefits, their installment payments thereto were likewise deducted and collected by their employer, and that said employer failed to remit to the System not only the installment payments to their salary loans in the amount of P7,940.13 but also the back premiums in the amount of P137,787.90 as of July 1966, excluding of course the penalties therefor in the amount of P63,734.97 as of August 9, 1966 (Exhibit ‘B ‘). 1
Petitioners sought to have the amounts credited in their favor but the Commission denied their petition, stating:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"WHEREFORE, in the light of the foregoing discussion, the stand taken by petitioners in this case is untenable, hence their petition is hereby dismissed. If it is the claim of petitioner that there are deductions made on their salaries which were not remitted to the System then petitioners should have proceeded against the I-Fen Enameling Company (Phil.) Inc., their alleged employer.chanrobles lawlibrary : rednad
The System is likewise directed to study and determine what action to take under the premises in order to protect the interest of the System."cralaw virtua1aw library
Petitioners appealed to the then Court of Appeals, which, in its Decision promulgated on December 23, 1974, upheld the findings of the Commission and affirmed the challenged Resolution. Petitioners are now before us assailing the foregoing Resolution and Decision on the following grounds:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
"The Respondents erred in holding that there exists no contract of agency between the Social Security System and I-Fen Enameling Company (Phil.) Inc. in the collection of the salary loan installment payments from the petitioners and, therefore, the said unremitted salary loan installment payments may not be credited to petitioners.
"The Respondents likewise erred in holding that the collections of premium contributions by the I-Fen Enameling Company (Phil.) Inc. is not a collection by the System and, therefore, such unremitted premium contributions collected thru salary deductions from the salaries of the petitioners by the I-Fen Enameling Company (Phil.) Inc. and which the latter failed to remit to the System may not be credited to the petitioners."cralaw virtua1aw library
The sole issue for consideration is whether or not the premium contributions and payments of salary loans by petitioners, which were deducted and collected from their salaries by their Employer, but not remitted to the System, should be credited in their favor by the System.
Petitioners argue that they are entitled to full credit for the unremitted premium contributions and salary loan installment payments deducted from their wages because, by law, a contract of agency exists between the CS and the Employer in the collection of the salary loan installment payments, and therefore, as such agent, payment to the Employer is payment to the principal, which is the System.
On the matter of payments of salary loans, CS Circular No. 52 provides:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"(2) In case the borrower is in active employment, payment shall be made thru his employer by means of salary deductions. For this purpose, he shall expressly authorize in the application form his employer and the subsequent employers to whom he may later on transfer to deduct from his salaries the installments due. The employer, in turn shall remit to the System these installments in accordance with the procedure laid down in heading VII hereof."cralaw virtua1aw library
It should be noted from the above-quoted rule that it is the borrower who expressly authorizes his employer and subsequent employers to deduct from his salary the installments due on his salary loan. The employer then remits the installments due to the System in accordance with rules that the System has laid down. The employer, in so deducting the installment payments from the borrower, does so upon the latter’s authorization. The employer is merely the conduit for remitting the premiums for reasons of administrative convenience and expediency in order that CS members may be served efficiently and expeditiously. No contract of agency, in the legal sense, therefore may be said to exist between the employer and the System.chanrobles.com:cralaw:red
But petitioners also rely on the "Current Employer’s Certification/Agreement" (Exhibits "N-1", "U-1", "V-1" and "W-1") providing that the employer is empowered:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"1. To deduct monthly from the salaries of said employee the installments due on the loan that may be granted by virtue of this application and to remit the same to the System not later than the 20th day of the month following the end of each calendar quarter, the employer being entitled to deduct from the total quarterly collections P.07 for every P10.00 thereof as his collection fee."
The foregoing reiterates the proviso in CS Circular No. 52, reading:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"V. Service and Collection Fee. — The System shall charge a service fee of P3.50 for every approved application deductible in advance from the proceeds of the loan.
"However, the employer shall be entitled to deduct from the total quarterly collections that he remits to the System a collection fee of seven centavos (P.07) for every ten pesos (P10.00) or fraction thereof."cralaw virtua1aw library
The entitlement to the collection fee by the employer neither makes the latter the agent of the System. The fee was devised to encourage employers to be prompt in the remittance of their collections to the System. As held by respondent Appellate Court:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"To us, this negligible collection fee is only an incentive granted to all employers throughout the country covered by the Social Security Act for their efforts in helping the System collect the necessary contributions and payments made to the latter by the innumerable individual members. This incentive is for administrative policy, efficiency and expediency with the end in view that the purposes for which the System has been created by law shall be effectively carried out. . . ."cralaw virtua1aw library
To rule otherwise would be to open the door for unscrupulous employers to circumvent the law by not remitting their collections of salary loans installment payments from employees since, anyway, the System would credit them with what they had paid to the Employer even though the latter fails to remit them to the System.
There is a difference, however, in respect of premium contributions, by reason of the explicit provision of Section 22(b) of the Social Security Act, reading:chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
"b) The contributions payable under this Act in cases where an employer refuses or neglects to pay the same shall be collected by the System in the same manner as taxes are made collectible under the National Internal Revenue Code, as amended. Failure or refusal of the employer to pay or remit the contributions herein prescribed shall not prejudice the right of the covered employee to the benefits of the coverage."cralaw virtua1aw library
Clearly, if the employer neglects to pay the premium contributions, the System may proceed with the collection in the same manner as the Bureau of Internal Revenue in case of unpaid taxes. Plainly, too, notwithstanding non-remittance by employers of the premium contributions, covered employees are entitled to the benefits of the coverage, such as death sickness, retirement, and permanent disability benefits. 2 These benefits continue to be enjoyed by the employees by operation of law and not, as petitioners allege, because the premium contributions and salary loan installment payments have already became the money of the System upon payment by the employees to the employer. It should be remembered that funds contributed to the System by compulsion of law are funds belonging to the members, which are merely held in trust by the government. 3 The mentioned benefits, however, do not include the salary loan privileges that member-employees apply for. The System may or may not grant those loans pursuant to its rules and regulations. The salary loans are not covered by law but by contract between the System as lender, and the private employee, as borrower.
Contrary to petitioners’ contention, the penalty of 3% per month imposed on the employer, if any premium contribution is not paid to the System, prescribed by Section 22 of the Act from the date the contribution falls due until paid, does not necessarily make the employer the agent of the System. The prescribed penalty is intended to exact compliance by the employer. It is evidently of a punitive character to assure that employers do not take lightly the State’s exercise of the police power in the implementation of the Republic’s declared policy to develop, establish gradually, and perfect a Social Security System which shall be suitable to the needs of the people throughout the Philippines and to provide protection to employees against the hazards of disability, sickness, old age, and death. 4
WHEREFORE, the judgment under review is hereby modified in that only the premium contributions paid by petitioners to its employer, the I-Feng Enamelling Company (Phil.) Inc., shall be credited in petitioners’ favor so that they may continue to enjoy the benefits of the coverage as provided by law. No costs.
SO ORDERED.
Relova, Gutierrez, Jr. and De la Fuente, JJ., concur.
TEEHANKEE, J., concurring:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Concurs with the main opinion as well as with that of Justice Plana. Let copy of this decision be furnished to the Honorable Minister of Justice for the filing of appropriate criminal action against the employer company’s officials who misappropriated the employees’ premium contributions and salary loan installment payments received in trust by them for remittance to the SSS.chanrobles lawlibrary : rednad
PLANA, J., concurring:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Who bears the loss of unremitted SSS premium contributions and salary loan repayments previously withheld from the salaries of employees in private enterprises in case the employer who has misappropriated the same fails to make restitution? This is the problem posed in this SSS case.
The solution explained in the written ponencia of Madame Justice Melencio-Herrera, with whom I concur, is in accordance with law. But the law as it stands seems inadequate to protect either the interest of the employees or the Social Security System. Thus, with respect to unremitted salary loan repayments, the employees have to shoulder the loss, if the employer is insolvent. On the other hand, as to premium contributions, the SSS and ultimately the members of the System must suffer the employer’s misconduct and insolvency.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
This situation underscores the danger of allowing private custodians of trust funds to commingle the same with private money, and indicates the necessity of requiring said persons/companies to keep trust funds segregated under separate accounts, which will make their fiscal officers fully aware of the nature of the funds they are disbursing — knowledge which will exert a powerful deterrent effect on diversion or misappropriation of trust funds.
There is no dispute as to the facts, as found by the then Court of Appeals.
"There is no dispute that petitioners were employees of I-Fen Enameling Company (Phil.) Inc. for several years, some from 1950 up to the time the company closed its business on May 1, 1965, and that since the enactment of the Social Security Act, Republic Act No. 1161, as amended, said employees have been paying, through salary deductions, their personal contributions to the System. There is likewise no dispute that appellants, during their employment, also enjoyed salary loan benefits, their installment payments thereto were likewise deducted and collected by their employer, and that said employer failed to remit to the System not only the installment payments to their salary loans in the amount of P7,940.13 but also the back premiums in the amount of P137,787.90 as of July 1966, excluding of course the penalties therefor in the amount of P63,734.97 as of August 9, 1966 (Exhibit ‘B ‘). 1
Petitioners sought to have the amounts credited in their favor but the Commission denied their petition, stating:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"WHEREFORE, in the light of the foregoing discussion, the stand taken by petitioners in this case is untenable, hence their petition is hereby dismissed. If it is the claim of petitioner that there are deductions made on their salaries which were not remitted to the System then petitioners should have proceeded against the I-Fen Enameling Company (Phil.) Inc., their alleged employer.chanrobles lawlibrary : rednad
The System is likewise directed to study and determine what action to take under the premises in order to protect the interest of the System."cralaw virtua1aw library
Petitioners appealed to the then Court of Appeals, which, in its Decision promulgated on December 23, 1974, upheld the findings of the Commission and affirmed the challenged Resolution. Petitioners are now before us assailing the foregoing Resolution and Decision on the following grounds:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
I
"The Respondents erred in holding that there exists no contract of agency between the Social Security System and I-Fen Enameling Company (Phil.) Inc. in the collection of the salary loan installment payments from the petitioners and, therefore, the said unremitted salary loan installment payments may not be credited to petitioners.
II
"The Respondents likewise erred in holding that the collections of premium contributions by the I-Fen Enameling Company (Phil.) Inc. is not a collection by the System and, therefore, such unremitted premium contributions collected thru salary deductions from the salaries of the petitioners by the I-Fen Enameling Company (Phil.) Inc. and which the latter failed to remit to the System may not be credited to the petitioners."cralaw virtua1aw library
The sole issue for consideration is whether or not the premium contributions and payments of salary loans by petitioners, which were deducted and collected from their salaries by their Employer, but not remitted to the System, should be credited in their favor by the System.
Petitioners argue that they are entitled to full credit for the unremitted premium contributions and salary loan installment payments deducted from their wages because, by law, a contract of agency exists between the CS and the Employer in the collection of the salary loan installment payments, and therefore, as such agent, payment to the Employer is payment to the principal, which is the System.
On the matter of payments of salary loans, CS Circular No. 52 provides:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"(2) In case the borrower is in active employment, payment shall be made thru his employer by means of salary deductions. For this purpose, he shall expressly authorize in the application form his employer and the subsequent employers to whom he may later on transfer to deduct from his salaries the installments due. The employer, in turn shall remit to the System these installments in accordance with the procedure laid down in heading VII hereof."cralaw virtua1aw library
It should be noted from the above-quoted rule that it is the borrower who expressly authorizes his employer and subsequent employers to deduct from his salary the installments due on his salary loan. The employer then remits the installments due to the System in accordance with rules that the System has laid down. The employer, in so deducting the installment payments from the borrower, does so upon the latter’s authorization. The employer is merely the conduit for remitting the premiums for reasons of administrative convenience and expediency in order that CS members may be served efficiently and expeditiously. No contract of agency, in the legal sense, therefore may be said to exist between the employer and the System.chanrobles.com:cralaw:red
But petitioners also rely on the "Current Employer’s Certification/Agreement" (Exhibits "N-1", "U-1", "V-1" and "W-1") providing that the employer is empowered:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"1. To deduct monthly from the salaries of said employee the installments due on the loan that may be granted by virtue of this application and to remit the same to the System not later than the 20th day of the month following the end of each calendar quarter, the employer being entitled to deduct from the total quarterly collections P.07 for every P10.00 thereof as his collection fee."
The foregoing reiterates the proviso in CS Circular No. 52, reading:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"V. Service and Collection Fee. — The System shall charge a service fee of P3.50 for every approved application deductible in advance from the proceeds of the loan.
"However, the employer shall be entitled to deduct from the total quarterly collections that he remits to the System a collection fee of seven centavos (P.07) for every ten pesos (P10.00) or fraction thereof."cralaw virtua1aw library
The entitlement to the collection fee by the employer neither makes the latter the agent of the System. The fee was devised to encourage employers to be prompt in the remittance of their collections to the System. As held by respondent Appellate Court:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"To us, this negligible collection fee is only an incentive granted to all employers throughout the country covered by the Social Security Act for their efforts in helping the System collect the necessary contributions and payments made to the latter by the innumerable individual members. This incentive is for administrative policy, efficiency and expediency with the end in view that the purposes for which the System has been created by law shall be effectively carried out. . . ."cralaw virtua1aw library
To rule otherwise would be to open the door for unscrupulous employers to circumvent the law by not remitting their collections of salary loans installment payments from employees since, anyway, the System would credit them with what they had paid to the Employer even though the latter fails to remit them to the System.
There is a difference, however, in respect of premium contributions, by reason of the explicit provision of Section 22(b) of the Social Security Act, reading:chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
"b) The contributions payable under this Act in cases where an employer refuses or neglects to pay the same shall be collected by the System in the same manner as taxes are made collectible under the National Internal Revenue Code, as amended. Failure or refusal of the employer to pay or remit the contributions herein prescribed shall not prejudice the right of the covered employee to the benefits of the coverage."cralaw virtua1aw library
Clearly, if the employer neglects to pay the premium contributions, the System may proceed with the collection in the same manner as the Bureau of Internal Revenue in case of unpaid taxes. Plainly, too, notwithstanding non-remittance by employers of the premium contributions, covered employees are entitled to the benefits of the coverage, such as death sickness, retirement, and permanent disability benefits. 2 These benefits continue to be enjoyed by the employees by operation of law and not, as petitioners allege, because the premium contributions and salary loan installment payments have already became the money of the System upon payment by the employees to the employer. It should be remembered that funds contributed to the System by compulsion of law are funds belonging to the members, which are merely held in trust by the government. 3 The mentioned benefits, however, do not include the salary loan privileges that member-employees apply for. The System may or may not grant those loans pursuant to its rules and regulations. The salary loans are not covered by law but by contract between the System as lender, and the private employee, as borrower.
Contrary to petitioners’ contention, the penalty of 3% per month imposed on the employer, if any premium contribution is not paid to the System, prescribed by Section 22 of the Act from the date the contribution falls due until paid, does not necessarily make the employer the agent of the System. The prescribed penalty is intended to exact compliance by the employer. It is evidently of a punitive character to assure that employers do not take lightly the State’s exercise of the police power in the implementation of the Republic’s declared policy to develop, establish gradually, and perfect a Social Security System which shall be suitable to the needs of the people throughout the Philippines and to provide protection to employees against the hazards of disability, sickness, old age, and death. 4
WHEREFORE, the judgment under review is hereby modified in that only the premium contributions paid by petitioners to its employer, the I-Feng Enamelling Company (Phil.) Inc., shall be credited in petitioners’ favor so that they may continue to enjoy the benefits of the coverage as provided by law. No costs.
SO ORDERED.
Relova, Gutierrez, Jr. and De la Fuente, JJ., concur.
Separate Opinions
TEEHANKEE, J., concurring:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Concurs with the main opinion as well as with that of Justice Plana. Let copy of this decision be furnished to the Honorable Minister of Justice for the filing of appropriate criminal action against the employer company’s officials who misappropriated the employees’ premium contributions and salary loan installment payments received in trust by them for remittance to the SSS.chanrobles lawlibrary : rednad
PLANA, J., concurring:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
Who bears the loss of unremitted SSS premium contributions and salary loan repayments previously withheld from the salaries of employees in private enterprises in case the employer who has misappropriated the same fails to make restitution? This is the problem posed in this SSS case.
The solution explained in the written ponencia of Madame Justice Melencio-Herrera, with whom I concur, is in accordance with law. But the law as it stands seems inadequate to protect either the interest of the employees or the Social Security System. Thus, with respect to unremitted salary loan repayments, the employees have to shoulder the loss, if the employer is insolvent. On the other hand, as to premium contributions, the SSS and ultimately the members of the System must suffer the employer’s misconduct and insolvency.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
This situation underscores the danger of allowing private custodians of trust funds to commingle the same with private money, and indicates the necessity of requiring said persons/companies to keep trust funds segregated under separate accounts, which will make their fiscal officers fully aware of the nature of the funds they are disbursing — knowledge which will exert a powerful deterrent effect on diversion or misappropriation of trust funds.
Endnotes:
1. Rollo, p. 40.
2. Sections 12, 13, 14, Social Security Act.
3. United Christian Missionary Society v. SSS, 30 SCRA 982 (1969).
4. United Christian Missionary Society, Et Al., v. SSS, supra.
