January 1998 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
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G.R. No. 120556 January 26, 1998 - HDA. DAPDAP I, ET AL v. NLRC, ET AL.:
FIRST DIVISION
[G.R. No. 120556. January 26, 1998.]
HDA. DAPDAP I and/or LUMBIA AGRICULTURAL AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Petitioners, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION and NATIONAL FEDERATION OF SUGAR WORKERS FOOD AND GENERAL TRADES (NFSW-FGT)/PEDRO BARRIENTOS JR., Respondents.
D E C I S I O N
BELLOSILLO, J.:
This is a special civil action for certiorari assailing the decision dated 9 December 1994 of the National Labor Relations Commission 1 which affirmed the decision of the Labor Arbiter finding petitioner Lumbia Agricultural and Development Corporation liable to respondent Pedro Barrientos Jr. for illegal dismissal.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
On 19 March 1992 nine (9) workers 2 of Hda. Dapdap I, a sugar farm in Victorias, Negros Occidental, filed a complaint for illegal dismissal against its owner Magdalena Fermin with the NLRC Regional Arbitration Branch in Bacolod City 3 alleging that they had been working in the farm since 1977 but were unjustly terminated, without notice and without any valid ground, on 27 January 1992. The only reason for their dismissal was their refusal to return the 6-hectare lot given to them for cultivation under an "Amicable Settlement" dated 30 September 1986 in connection with an illegal dismissal case previously filed against the management of Hda. Dapdap I by its workers. 4 In addition, complainants charged Magdalena Fermin with unfair labor practice for trying to bust the National Federation of Sugar Workers Food and General Trades (NFSW-FGT) Union which forged the 1986 "Amicable Settlement."cralaw virtua1aw library
On 7 September 1992 eight (8) of the original complainants withdrew from the complaint and returned to work on the ground that their misunderstanding with management was already settled. 5 Pedro Barrientos Jr. was left as the sole complainant who amended the complaint on 30 March 1993 by impleading Lumbia Agricultural and Development Corporation (LADCOR), the real owner of Hda. Dapdap I, as co-respondent with its President Magdalena Fermin. 6
LADCOR denied that complainant was terminated on 27 January 1992; on the contrary, it alleged that complainant voluntarily abandoned his work after 1 March 1992 to transfer to the adjacent farm of a certain Mr. Ramos. In addition, LADCOR alleged that it had a personality separate and distinct from its president, Magdalena Fermin, hence the latter could not be held personally liable for the alleged illegal dismissal.
Labor Arbiter Merlin D. Deloria ruled in favor of complainant. 7 While LADCOR was absolved from the charge of unfair labor practice it was held liable for illegal dismissal on the ground that its claim of voluntary abandonment by complainant of his work was not credible in view of the immediate institution of the case for illegal dismissal. Citing Chong Guan Trading v. National Labor Relations Commission, 8 the Labor Arbiter observed that it was quite illogical that complainant would abandon his work and then immediately file an action seeking his reinstatement. However, in lieu of reinstatement which was considered no longer feasible in view of the strained relations between the parties, LADCOR was ordered to pay complainant separation pay equivalent to "one-month salary for every year of service computed from 1986 in addition to back wages and attorney’s fees." 9
LADCOR appealed to the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC).
The NLRC affirmed the Labor Arbiter’s decision in toto. 10 The defense that complainant voluntarily abandoned his work was similarly rejected on the additional grounds that no notice of dismissal was sent by LADCOR to complainant as required by Sec. 2, Rule 14, Book V, of the Rules Implementing the Labor Code, 11 and no concurrence of the intention to abandon on the part of complainant and overt acts from which it could be inferred that he was no longer interested in working for LADCOR. Hence, this petition by LADCOR.
Petitioner contends that private respondent was not terminated but voluntarily abandoned his work after 1 March 1992 to work in the adjacent farm of Mr. Ramos. On the other hand, private respondent maintains that he was summarily terminated with the eight (8) original complainants on 27 January 1992 when they refused to return the lot given them for cultivation in 1986 under an "Amicable Settlement" executed to resolve the first case for illegal dismissal which respondent together with two (2) others 12 had previously filed against petitioner.chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary
We find no merit in the petition. First of all, we emphasize that this Court is not a trier of facts. 13 Whether private respondent voluntarily abandoned his work after 1 March 1992 as petitioner contends or was illegally dismissed on 27 January 1992 as private respondent claims is an issue of credibility best left to the determination of the Labor Arbiter. It entails the arduous process of determining who among the parties is telling the truth and since they are not present to help the Court resolve this issue of credibility, great respect and even finality is accorded the conclusions of the Labor Arbiter and the NLRC in accordance with the well-settled rule that findings of fact of labor arbiters affirmed by the NLRC are binding on the Supreme Court. 14 Judicial review in such cases is limited only to issues of jurisdiction or grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack of jurisdiction. 15
No such grave abuse of discretion was committed by the NLRC as it correctly applied the consistent ruling in labor cases that a charge of abandonment is totally inconsistent with the immediate filing of a complaint for illegal dismissal. 16 It is indeed inconceivable that an employee like herein respondent who has been working at Hda. Dapdap I since 1977 and cultivating a substantial portion of a 6-hectare lot therein for himself would just abandon his work in 1992 for no apparent reason. As quoted by the Court in Judric Canning Corporation v. Inciong, 17 "To get a job is difficult; to run from it is foolhardy." Nor could intent to abandon be presumed from private respondent’s subsequent employment with another employer as petitioner alleges. The fact that the start of such employment, i.e., after 1 March 1992 as petitioner alleges, coincides with the date of the original complaint 18 strongly indicates that such employment was only meant to help respondent and his family survive during the pendency of his case. It has been said that abandonment of position cannot be lightly inferred, much less legally presumed from certain equivocal acts 19 such as an interim employment. 20
WHEREFORE, finding no grave abuse of discretion on the part of public respondent National Labor Relations Commission, the instant petition is DISMISSED. The questioned decision of respondent NLRC affirming that of the Labor Arbiter finding petitioner Lumbia Agricultural and Development Corporation to have illegally dismissed respondent Pedro Barrientos Jr. and ordering the former to pay the latter backwages in the amount of P30,368.00, separation pay of P15,184.00, and attorney’s fees of P4,555.20, or a total of P50,107.20, is AFFIRMED. Costs against petitioner Lumbia Agricultural and Development Corporation.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., Vitug and Kapunan, JJ., concur.
On 19 March 1992 nine (9) workers 2 of Hda. Dapdap I, a sugar farm in Victorias, Negros Occidental, filed a complaint for illegal dismissal against its owner Magdalena Fermin with the NLRC Regional Arbitration Branch in Bacolod City 3 alleging that they had been working in the farm since 1977 but were unjustly terminated, without notice and without any valid ground, on 27 January 1992. The only reason for their dismissal was their refusal to return the 6-hectare lot given to them for cultivation under an "Amicable Settlement" dated 30 September 1986 in connection with an illegal dismissal case previously filed against the management of Hda. Dapdap I by its workers. 4 In addition, complainants charged Magdalena Fermin with unfair labor practice for trying to bust the National Federation of Sugar Workers Food and General Trades (NFSW-FGT) Union which forged the 1986 "Amicable Settlement."cralaw virtua1aw library
On 7 September 1992 eight (8) of the original complainants withdrew from the complaint and returned to work on the ground that their misunderstanding with management was already settled. 5 Pedro Barrientos Jr. was left as the sole complainant who amended the complaint on 30 March 1993 by impleading Lumbia Agricultural and Development Corporation (LADCOR), the real owner of Hda. Dapdap I, as co-respondent with its President Magdalena Fermin. 6
LADCOR denied that complainant was terminated on 27 January 1992; on the contrary, it alleged that complainant voluntarily abandoned his work after 1 March 1992 to transfer to the adjacent farm of a certain Mr. Ramos. In addition, LADCOR alleged that it had a personality separate and distinct from its president, Magdalena Fermin, hence the latter could not be held personally liable for the alleged illegal dismissal.
Labor Arbiter Merlin D. Deloria ruled in favor of complainant. 7 While LADCOR was absolved from the charge of unfair labor practice it was held liable for illegal dismissal on the ground that its claim of voluntary abandonment by complainant of his work was not credible in view of the immediate institution of the case for illegal dismissal. Citing Chong Guan Trading v. National Labor Relations Commission, 8 the Labor Arbiter observed that it was quite illogical that complainant would abandon his work and then immediately file an action seeking his reinstatement. However, in lieu of reinstatement which was considered no longer feasible in view of the strained relations between the parties, LADCOR was ordered to pay complainant separation pay equivalent to "one-month salary for every year of service computed from 1986 in addition to back wages and attorney’s fees." 9
LADCOR appealed to the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC).
The NLRC affirmed the Labor Arbiter’s decision in toto. 10 The defense that complainant voluntarily abandoned his work was similarly rejected on the additional grounds that no notice of dismissal was sent by LADCOR to complainant as required by Sec. 2, Rule 14, Book V, of the Rules Implementing the Labor Code, 11 and no concurrence of the intention to abandon on the part of complainant and overt acts from which it could be inferred that he was no longer interested in working for LADCOR. Hence, this petition by LADCOR.
Petitioner contends that private respondent was not terminated but voluntarily abandoned his work after 1 March 1992 to work in the adjacent farm of Mr. Ramos. On the other hand, private respondent maintains that he was summarily terminated with the eight (8) original complainants on 27 January 1992 when they refused to return the lot given them for cultivation in 1986 under an "Amicable Settlement" executed to resolve the first case for illegal dismissal which respondent together with two (2) others 12 had previously filed against petitioner.chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary
We find no merit in the petition. First of all, we emphasize that this Court is not a trier of facts. 13 Whether private respondent voluntarily abandoned his work after 1 March 1992 as petitioner contends or was illegally dismissed on 27 January 1992 as private respondent claims is an issue of credibility best left to the determination of the Labor Arbiter. It entails the arduous process of determining who among the parties is telling the truth and since they are not present to help the Court resolve this issue of credibility, great respect and even finality is accorded the conclusions of the Labor Arbiter and the NLRC in accordance with the well-settled rule that findings of fact of labor arbiters affirmed by the NLRC are binding on the Supreme Court. 14 Judicial review in such cases is limited only to issues of jurisdiction or grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack of jurisdiction. 15
No such grave abuse of discretion was committed by the NLRC as it correctly applied the consistent ruling in labor cases that a charge of abandonment is totally inconsistent with the immediate filing of a complaint for illegal dismissal. 16 It is indeed inconceivable that an employee like herein respondent who has been working at Hda. Dapdap I since 1977 and cultivating a substantial portion of a 6-hectare lot therein for himself would just abandon his work in 1992 for no apparent reason. As quoted by the Court in Judric Canning Corporation v. Inciong, 17 "To get a job is difficult; to run from it is foolhardy." Nor could intent to abandon be presumed from private respondent’s subsequent employment with another employer as petitioner alleges. The fact that the start of such employment, i.e., after 1 March 1992 as petitioner alleges, coincides with the date of the original complaint 18 strongly indicates that such employment was only meant to help respondent and his family survive during the pendency of his case. It has been said that abandonment of position cannot be lightly inferred, much less legally presumed from certain equivocal acts 19 such as an interim employment. 20
WHEREFORE, finding no grave abuse of discretion on the part of public respondent National Labor Relations Commission, the instant petition is DISMISSED. The questioned decision of respondent NLRC affirming that of the Labor Arbiter finding petitioner Lumbia Agricultural and Development Corporation to have illegally dismissed respondent Pedro Barrientos Jr. and ordering the former to pay the latter backwages in the amount of P30,368.00, separation pay of P15,184.00, and attorney’s fees of P4,555.20, or a total of P50,107.20, is AFFIRMED. Costs against petitioner Lumbia Agricultural and Development Corporation.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., Vitug and Kapunan, JJ., concur.
Endnotes:
1. Rollo, pp. 54-57.
2. Rodolfo Barrientos, Ramon Olate, Enrico Olvido, Rustico Magdale, Rogelio Jarina, Paquito Bedia, Rodolfo Perocho, Pedro Barrientos, Jr. and Angelino Magdale.
3. Docketed as RAB Case No. 06-03-10231-92.
4. Marina Barrientos v. Hda. Dapdap, docketed as Case No. 0117-86, DOLE, Bacolod.
5. Original Records, p. 34.
6. Id., pp. 55-57.
7. See Decision of Labor Arbiter Merlin D. Deloria dated 25 May 1994; Rollo, pp. 41-46.
8. G.R. No. 81471, 26 April 1989, 172 SCRA 831.
9. Rollo, pp. 41-46.
10. See Note 1.
11. Sec. 2. Notice of Dismissal. — Any employer who seeks to dismiss a worker shall furnish him a written notice stating the particular acts or omission constituting the grounds for his dismissal. In cases of abandonment of work, the notice shall be served at the worker’s last known address.
12. Marina Barrientos and Ariel Barrientos.
13. San Miguel Foods, Inc. — Cebu B Meg Feed Plant v. Laguesma, G.R. No. 116172, 10 October 1996, 263 SCRA 68, 84; Trade Union of the Philippines v. Laguesma, G.R. No. 95013, 21 September 1994, 236 SCRA 586, 591.
14. Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 106374, 17 June 1993, 223 SCRA 463, 466; see also Cocoland Development Corporation v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 98458, 17 July 1996, 259 SCRA 51, 59-60; Falguera v. Linsangan, G.R. No. 114848, 14 December 1995, 251 SCRA 364, 373; Vallende v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 110321, 7 July 1995, 245 SCRA 662, 666; Cabalan Pastulan Negrito Labor Association v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 106108, 23 February 1995, 241 SCRA 643, 650; Morales v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 100133, 6 February 1995, 241 SCRA 103, 111.
15. Philippine Advertising Counselors, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 120008, 18 October 1996, 263 SCRA 400; Flores v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 116419, 9 February 1996, 253 SCRA 494, 497-498; Sta. Fe Construction Co. v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 101280, 2 March 1994, 230 SCRA 593, 597.
16. Santos v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 76991, 28 October 1988, 166 SCRA 759, 764-765; Velasco v. Inciong, G.R. No. 50871, 4 August 1988, 164 SCRA 67, 74-75; Asphalt and Cement Pavers, Inc. v. Leogardo, Jr., G.R. No. 74563, 20 June 1988, 162 SCRA 312, 316-317; Judric Canning Corporation v. Inciong, G.R. No. 51494, 19 August 1982, 115 SCRA 887, 890.
17. G.R. No. 51494, 19 August 1982, 115 SCRA 887, 890.
18. 4 March 1992.
19. People’s Security, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R No. 96451, 8 September 1993, 226 SCRA 146, 154.
20. Jardine Davies, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 106915, 31 August 1993, 225 SCRA 757, 763.
