June 1999 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
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G.R. No. 105912 June 28, 1999 - TEOFILO C. VILLARICO, ET AL. v. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.:
THIRD DIVISION
[G.R. No. 105912. June 28, 1999.]
SPOUSES TEOFILO C. VILLARICO and MAXIMA A. FAUSTINO, Petitioners, v. HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES and MARCOS CAMARGO, Respondents.
D E C I S I O N
PURISIMA, J.:
This is a petition for review on certiorari of the decision of the Court of Appeals 1 in CA-G.R. CV No. 22608, affirming the decision of Branch 22 of the Regional Trial Court, Malolos, Bulacan, which dismissed the application for confirmation of title in LRC Case No. 604-V-77.
The facts that matter are as follows:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
On May 31, 1977, an application for confirmation of title was filed by the spouses, Teofilo Villarico and Maxima Villarico, over a 1,834 square meter parcel of land in Ubihan, Meycauayan, Bulacan, docketed as LRC Case No. 604-V-77 before the then Court of First Instance of Bulacan. Among others, applicants alleged that they are the absolute owners of subject property, having bought the same from the spouses, Segundo Villarico (Teofilo’s father) and Mercedes Cardenas, that they and their predecessors-in-interest have been in actual, open, adverse and continuous possession thereof for more than thirty (30) years, that they are not aware of any mortgage or encumbrance thereon nor of any person having an estate or interest therein, and that the land involve is not within the forest zone or government reservation.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
The application for land registration at bar was opposed by Marcos Camargo, who claims to be the real owner thereof. 2 The Government interposed its opposition, through the Director of Forestry (now Director of Forest Management), averring that the land in question is part of the public domain, within the unclassified area in Meycauayan, Bulacan per LC Map No. 637 dated March 1, 1927 of the Bureau of Forest Management and consequently, not available for private appropriation.
On May 23, 1989, the trial court of origin dismissed the case, ratiocinating thus:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"It is well settled in this jurisdiction that a certificate of title is void when it covers property of the public domain classified as forest or timber and mineral lands. Any title thus issued on non-disposable lots, even in the hands of an innocent purchaser for value, should be cancelled (Lepanto Consolidated Mining v. Dumyang, L-31666, April 30, 1979). There being no concrete evidence presented in this case that the property in question was ever acquired by the applicants or by the private oppositor (as attested to by the proceedings of B.L. Claim No. 38 (N) before the Bureau of Lands) or by their respective predecessors-in-interest either by composition of title or by any other means for the acquisition of public lands, the property in question must be held to be part of the public domain, especially so that the private parties had not presented any Certification from the Bureau of Forestry attesting to the fact that the subject property is no longer within the unclassified region of Meycauayan, Bulacan. Thus, if the land in question still forms part of the public forest, then, possession thereof, however long, cannot convert it into private property as it is within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Bureau of Forestry and beyond the power and jurisdiction of the cadastral court to register under the Torrens System (Republic v. Court of Appeals, 89 SCRA 648).chanrobles virtualawlibrary chanrobles.com:chanrobles.com.ph
WHEREFORE, premises considered, let this case be, as it is hereby DISMISSED.
No pronouncement as to costs.
SO ORDERED." 3
Therefrom, petitioners appealed to the Court of Appeals, which came out with a judgment of affirmance on June 26, 1992. Respondent court affirmed the findings of facts below, holding that subject parcel of land is within the public domain not available for private appropriation.
Undaunted, petitioners found their way to this court via the present petition for review on certiorari; placing reliance on the assignment of errors, that:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN SUSTAINING THE FINDINGS OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT BEFORE 1948 THERE WAS NO DOCUMENTATION IN FAVOR OF EITHER PARTIES.
THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN SUSTAINING THE FINDING OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT BUENAVENTURA VILLARICO APPARENTLY DIED PRIOR TO 1914.
THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN SUSTAINING THE FINDING OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT TAX DECLARATION NO. 3912 IN THE NAME OF BUENAVENTURA VILLARICO COULD HAVE BEEN CONTRIVED SENSING THAT A CONFLICT OVER THE PROPERTY IN THE NEAR FUTURE WAS INEVITABLE.chanrobles.com:cralaw:red
THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN SUSTAINING THE FINDING OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT THERE IS NO CONCRETE EVIDENCE PRESENTED TO THE EFFECT THAT THE PROPERTY IN QUESTION WAS EVER ACQUIRED BY THE APPLICANT OR BY THE PRIVATE OPPOSITOR OR BY THEIR RESPECTIVE PREDECESSORS-IN-INTEREST THROUGH LAWFUL MEANS FOR THE ACQUISITION OF PUBLIC LANDS.
THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS AND THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DISMISSING THE CASE AT BAR.
The appeal is without merit and cannot prosper.
It bears stressing that the first, second, and third assigned errors relate to factual and evidentiary matters which the Supreme Court does not inquire into in an appeal on certiorari. 4 It is well-settled that in a petition for review on certiorari as a mode of appeal under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court, only questions of law may be raised. 5 The Supreme Court is not a trier of facts. 6 Findings of fact by the trial court and the Court of Appeals are binding on the Supreme Court. 7
In the case under consideration, the Court discerns no compelling reason to reverse such findings arrived at by the trial court and affirmed by the respondent court, absent any showing of any error, mistake, or misappreciation of facts. Records on hand indicate that the decisions under attack accord with the law and the evidence.chanrobles virtualawlibrary chanrobles.com:chanrobles.com.ph
As aptly observed by the respondent court, the primordial issue here is the character or classification of the property applied for registration — whether or not the same still forms part of the public domain. On this crucial question, the trial court a quo and the Court of Appeals correctly adjudged the area at stake as within the unclassified forest zone incapable of private appropriation. Accordingly, the Court of Appeals held:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
". . . In the case at bar, as found by the court a quo, there has been no showing that a declassification has been made by the Director of Forestry declaring the land in question as disposable or alienable. And the record indeed discloses that applicants have not introduced any evidence which would have led the court a quo to find or rule otherwise. . . .
And so, considering the foregoing, possession of the land in question by the applicants and/or their predecessors-in-interest even for more than 30 years, as they allege, cannot convert the land into private property capable of private appropriation." (Court of Appeals’ Decision, pp. 4-5)chanroblesvirtual|awlibrary
Indeed, forest lands cannot be owned by private persons. 8 Possession thereof, no matter how long, does not ripen into a registrable title. The adverse possession which may be the basis of a grant of title or confirmation of an imperfect title refers only to alienable or disposable portions of the public domain. 9
WHEREFORE, the petition is DENIED and the Decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. CV No. 22608 AFFIRMED in toto. No pronouncements as to costs.
SO ORDERED.
Vitug, Panganiban and Gonzaga-Reyes, JJ., concur.
Romero, J., abroad on official business.
The facts that matter are as follows:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
On May 31, 1977, an application for confirmation of title was filed by the spouses, Teofilo Villarico and Maxima Villarico, over a 1,834 square meter parcel of land in Ubihan, Meycauayan, Bulacan, docketed as LRC Case No. 604-V-77 before the then Court of First Instance of Bulacan. Among others, applicants alleged that they are the absolute owners of subject property, having bought the same from the spouses, Segundo Villarico (Teofilo’s father) and Mercedes Cardenas, that they and their predecessors-in-interest have been in actual, open, adverse and continuous possession thereof for more than thirty (30) years, that they are not aware of any mortgage or encumbrance thereon nor of any person having an estate or interest therein, and that the land involve is not within the forest zone or government reservation.chanrobles virtual lawlibrary
The application for land registration at bar was opposed by Marcos Camargo, who claims to be the real owner thereof. 2 The Government interposed its opposition, through the Director of Forestry (now Director of Forest Management), averring that the land in question is part of the public domain, within the unclassified area in Meycauayan, Bulacan per LC Map No. 637 dated March 1, 1927 of the Bureau of Forest Management and consequently, not available for private appropriation.
On May 23, 1989, the trial court of origin dismissed the case, ratiocinating thus:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"It is well settled in this jurisdiction that a certificate of title is void when it covers property of the public domain classified as forest or timber and mineral lands. Any title thus issued on non-disposable lots, even in the hands of an innocent purchaser for value, should be cancelled (Lepanto Consolidated Mining v. Dumyang, L-31666, April 30, 1979). There being no concrete evidence presented in this case that the property in question was ever acquired by the applicants or by the private oppositor (as attested to by the proceedings of B.L. Claim No. 38 (N) before the Bureau of Lands) or by their respective predecessors-in-interest either by composition of title or by any other means for the acquisition of public lands, the property in question must be held to be part of the public domain, especially so that the private parties had not presented any Certification from the Bureau of Forestry attesting to the fact that the subject property is no longer within the unclassified region of Meycauayan, Bulacan. Thus, if the land in question still forms part of the public forest, then, possession thereof, however long, cannot convert it into private property as it is within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Bureau of Forestry and beyond the power and jurisdiction of the cadastral court to register under the Torrens System (Republic v. Court of Appeals, 89 SCRA 648).chanrobles virtualawlibrary chanrobles.com:chanrobles.com.ph
WHEREFORE, premises considered, let this case be, as it is hereby DISMISSED.
No pronouncement as to costs.
SO ORDERED." 3
Therefrom, petitioners appealed to the Court of Appeals, which came out with a judgment of affirmance on June 26, 1992. Respondent court affirmed the findings of facts below, holding that subject parcel of land is within the public domain not available for private appropriation.
Undaunted, petitioners found their way to this court via the present petition for review on certiorari; placing reliance on the assignment of errors, that:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
I
THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN SUSTAINING THE FINDINGS OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT BEFORE 1948 THERE WAS NO DOCUMENTATION IN FAVOR OF EITHER PARTIES.
II
THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN SUSTAINING THE FINDING OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT BUENAVENTURA VILLARICO APPARENTLY DIED PRIOR TO 1914.
III
THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN SUSTAINING THE FINDING OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT TAX DECLARATION NO. 3912 IN THE NAME OF BUENAVENTURA VILLARICO COULD HAVE BEEN CONTRIVED SENSING THAT A CONFLICT OVER THE PROPERTY IN THE NEAR FUTURE WAS INEVITABLE.chanrobles.com:cralaw:red
IV
THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN SUSTAINING THE FINDING OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT THERE IS NO CONCRETE EVIDENCE PRESENTED TO THE EFFECT THAT THE PROPERTY IN QUESTION WAS EVER ACQUIRED BY THE APPLICANT OR BY THE PRIVATE OPPOSITOR OR BY THEIR RESPECTIVE PREDECESSORS-IN-INTEREST THROUGH LAWFUL MEANS FOR THE ACQUISITION OF PUBLIC LANDS.
V
THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS AND THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DISMISSING THE CASE AT BAR.
The appeal is without merit and cannot prosper.
It bears stressing that the first, second, and third assigned errors relate to factual and evidentiary matters which the Supreme Court does not inquire into in an appeal on certiorari. 4 It is well-settled that in a petition for review on certiorari as a mode of appeal under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court, only questions of law may be raised. 5 The Supreme Court is not a trier of facts. 6 Findings of fact by the trial court and the Court of Appeals are binding on the Supreme Court. 7
In the case under consideration, the Court discerns no compelling reason to reverse such findings arrived at by the trial court and affirmed by the respondent court, absent any showing of any error, mistake, or misappreciation of facts. Records on hand indicate that the decisions under attack accord with the law and the evidence.chanrobles virtualawlibrary chanrobles.com:chanrobles.com.ph
As aptly observed by the respondent court, the primordial issue here is the character or classification of the property applied for registration — whether or not the same still forms part of the public domain. On this crucial question, the trial court a quo and the Court of Appeals correctly adjudged the area at stake as within the unclassified forest zone incapable of private appropriation. Accordingly, the Court of Appeals held:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
". . . In the case at bar, as found by the court a quo, there has been no showing that a declassification has been made by the Director of Forestry declaring the land in question as disposable or alienable. And the record indeed discloses that applicants have not introduced any evidence which would have led the court a quo to find or rule otherwise. . . .
And so, considering the foregoing, possession of the land in question by the applicants and/or their predecessors-in-interest even for more than 30 years, as they allege, cannot convert the land into private property capable of private appropriation." (Court of Appeals’ Decision, pp. 4-5)chanroblesvirtual|awlibrary
Indeed, forest lands cannot be owned by private persons. 8 Possession thereof, no matter how long, does not ripen into a registrable title. The adverse possession which may be the basis of a grant of title or confirmation of an imperfect title refers only to alienable or disposable portions of the public domain. 9
WHEREFORE, the petition is DENIED and the Decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. CV No. 22608 AFFIRMED in toto. No pronouncements as to costs.
SO ORDERED.
Vitug, Panganiban and Gonzaga-Reyes, JJ., concur.
Romero, J., abroad on official business.
Endnotes:
1. Penned by Associate Justice Lorna S. Lombos-de la Fuente and concurred by Associate Justices Eduardo R. Bengzon and Quirino D. Abad-Santos, Jr.
2. Comment of Private Respondent, Rollo, pp. 66-73.
3. Comment of Republic of the Philippines, Rollo, pp. 35-36.
4. Alicbusan v. Court of Appeals, 269 SCRA 336.
5. Laza v. Court of Appeals, 269 SCRA 654.
6. David-Chan v. Court of Appeals, 268 SCRA 677; Union Insurance Society of Canton v. Court of Appeals, 260 SCRA 431.
7. Willex Plastic Industries Corporation v. Court of Appeals, 256 SCRA 478.
8. Palomo v. Court of Appeals, 266 SCRA 392.
9. Ibid.; see also Republic v. Court of Appeals, 258 SCRA 223.
