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Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2013 > July 2013 Decisions > G.R. No. 172346, July 24, 2013 - SPOUSES NAMEAL AND LOURDES BONROSTRO, Petitioners, v. SPOUSES JUAN AND CONSTANCIA LUNA, Respondents.:




G.R. No. 172346, July 24, 2013 - SPOUSES NAMEAL AND LOURDES BONROSTRO, Petitioners, v. SPOUSES JUAN AND CONSTANCIA LUNA, Respondents.

PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

SECOND DIVISION

G.R. No. 172346, July 24, 2013

SPOUSES NAMEAL AND LOURDES BONROSTRO, Petitioners, v. SPOUSES JUAN AND CONSTANCIA LUNA, Respondents.

D E C I S I O N

DEL CASTILLO, J.:

 

Questioned in this case is the Court of Appeals� (CA) disquisition on the matter of interest.

Petitioners spouses Nameal and Lourdes Bonrostro (spouses Bonrostro) assail through this Petition for Review on Certiorari1 the April 15, 2005 Decision2 of the CA in CA-G.R. CV No. 56414 which affirmed with modifications the April 4, 1997 Decision3 of the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Quezon City, Branch 104 in Civil Case No. Q-94-18895.  They likewise question the CA�s April 17, 2006 Resolution4  denying their motion for partial reconsideration.

Factual Antecedents

In 1992, respondent Constancia Luna (Constancia), as buyer, entered into a Contract to Sell5 with Bliss Development Corporation (Bliss) involving a house and lot identified as Lot 19, Block 26 of New Capitol Estates in Diliman, Quezon City.  Barely a year after, Constancia, this time as the seller, entered into another Contract to Sell6 with petitioner Lourdes Bonrostro (Lourdes) concerning the same property under the following terms and conditions:cralavvonlinelawlibrary

  1. The stipulated price of P1,250,000.00 shall be paid by the VENDEE to the VENDOR in the following manner:cralavvonlinelawlibrary

    (a)  P200,000.00 upon signing x x x [the] Contract To Sell,
    (b)  P300,000.00 payable on or before April 30, 1993,
    (c)  P330,000.00 payable on or before July 31, 1993,
    (d)  P417,000.00 payable to the New Capitol Estate, for 15 years at [P6,867.12] a month,

  2. x x x [I]n the event the VENDEE fails to pay the second installment on time, [t]he VENDEE will pay starting May 1, 1993 a 2% interest on the P300,000.00 monthly.  Likewise, in the event the VENDEE fails to pay the amount of P630,000.00 on the stipulated time, this CONTRACT TO SELL shall likewise be deemed cancelled and rescinded and x x x 5% of the total contract price [of] P1,250,000.00 shall be deemed forfeited in favor of the VENDOR.  Unpaid monthly amortization shall likewise be deducted from the initial down payment in favor of the VENDOR.7

Immediately after the execution of the said second contract, the spouses Bonrostro took possession of the property.  However, except for the P200,000.00 down payment, Lourdes failed to pay any of the stipulated subsequent amortization payments.

Ruling of the Regional Trial Court

On January 11, 1994, Constancia and her husband, respondent Juan Luna (spouses Luna), filed before the RTC a Complaint8 for Rescission of Contract and Damages against the spouses Bonrostro praying for the rescission of the contract, delivery of possession of the subject property, payment by the latter of their unpaid obligation, and awards of actual, moral and exemplary damages, litigation expenses and attorney�s fees.

In their Answer with Compulsory Counterclaim,9 the spouses Bonrostro averred that they were willing to pay their total balance of P630,000.00 to the spouses Luna after they sought from them a 60-day extension to pay the same.10  However, during the time that they were ready to pay the said amount in the last week of October 1993, Constancia and her lawyer, Atty. Arlene Carbon (Atty. Carbon), did not show up at their rendezvous.  On November 24, 1993, Lourdes sent Atty. Carbon a letter11 expressing her desire to pay the balance, but received no response from the latter.  Claiming that they are still willing to settle their obligation, the spouses Bonrostro prayed that the court fix the period within which they can pay the spouses Luna.

The spouses Bonrostro likewise belied that they were not paying the monthly amortization to New Capitol Estates and asserted that on November 18, 1993, they paid Bliss, the developer of New Capitol Estates, the amount of P46,303.44.  Later during trial, Lourdes testified that Constancia instructed Bliss not to accept amortization payments from anyone as evidenced by her March 4, 1993 letter12 to Bliss.

On April 4, 1997, the RTC rendered its Decision13 focusing on the sole issue of whether the spouses Bonrostro�s delay in their payment of the installments constitutes a substantial breach of their obligation under the contract warranting rescission.  The RTC ruled that the delay could not be considered a substantial breach considering that Lourdes (1) requested for an extension within which to pay; (2) was willing and ready to pay as early as the last week of October 1993 and even wrote Atty. Carbon about this on November 24, 1993; (3) gave Constancia a down payment of P200,000.00; and, (4) made payment to Bliss.

The dispositive portion of the said Decision reads:cralavvonlinelawlibrary

WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing, judgment is hereby rendered as follows:cralavvonlinelawlibrary

1.) Declaring [t]he Contract to Sell executed by the plaintiff [Constancia] and defendant [Lourdes] with respect to the house and lot located at Blk. 26, [L]ot 19, New Capitol Estate[s], Diliman[,] Quezon City to be in force and effect.  And that Lourdes Bonrostro must remain in the possession of the premises.

2.)  Ordering the defendant[s] to pay plaintiff[s] within 60 days from receipt of this decision the sum of P300,000.00 plus an interest of 2% per month from April 1993 to November 1993.

3.)  Ordering the defendant[s] to pay plaintiff[s] within sixty (60) days from receipt of this decision the sum of P330,000.00 plus an interest of 2% [per month] from July 1993 to November 1993.

4.)  Ordering the defendant[s] to reimburse plaintiff[s] the sum of P214,492.62 which plaintiff[s] paid to Bliss Development Corporation.

No pronouncement as to Cost.

SO ORDERED.14

As their Motion for Reconsideration15 was likewise denied in an Order16 dated July 15, 1997, the spouses Luna appealed to the CA.17

Ruling of the Court of Appeals

In its Decision18 of April 15, 2005, the CA concluded that since the contract entered into by and between the parties is a Contract to Sell, rescission is not the proper remedy.  Moreover, the subject contract being specifically a contract to sell a real property on installment basis, it is governed by Republic Act No. 655219 or the Maceda Law, Section 4 of which states:cralavvonlinelawlibrary

Sec. 4.  In case where less than two years of installment were paid, the seller shall give the buyer a grace period of not less than sixty days from the date the installment became due.

If the buyer fails to pay the installments due at the expiration of the grace period, the seller may cancel the contract after thirty days from receipt by the buyer of the notice of cancellation or the demand for rescission of the contract by a notarial act.  (Emphases supplied)

The CA held that while the spouses Luna sent the spouses Bonrostro letters20 rescinding the contract for non-payment of the sum of P630,000.00, the same could not be considered as valid and effective cancellation under the Maceda Law since they were made within the 60-day grace period and were not notarized.  The CA concluded that there being no cancellation effected in accordance with the procedure prescribed by law, the contract therefore remains valid and subsisting.

The CA also affirmed the RTC�s finding that Lourdes was ready to pay her obligation on November 24, 1993.

However, the CA modified the RTC Decision with respect to interest, viz:cralavvonlinelawlibrary

Nevertheless, there is a need to modify the appealed decision insofar as (i) the interest imposed on the sum of P300,000.00 is only for the period April 1993 to November 1993; (ii) the interest imposed on the sum of P330,000.00 is 2% per month and is only for the period July 1993 to November 1993; (iii) it does not impose interest on the amount of P214,492.62 which was paid by Constancia to BLISS in behalf of Lourdes x x x

The rule is that �no interest shall be due unless it has been expressly stipulated in writing� (Art. 1956, Civil Code).  However, the contract does not provide for interest in case of default in payment of the sum of P330,000.00 to Constancia and the monthly amortizations to BLISS.

Considering that Lourdes had incurred x x x delay in the performance of her obligations, she should pay (i) interest at the rate of 2% per month on the sum of P300,000.00 from May 1, 1993 until fully paid and (ii) interest at the legal rate on the amounts of P330,000.00 and P214,492.62 from the date of default (August 1, 1993 and April 4, 1997 [date of the appealed decision], respectively) until the same are fully paid x x x 21

Hence, the dispositive portion of the said Decision:cralavvonlinelawlibrary

WHEREFORE, the appealed decision is AFFIRMED with the MODIFICATIONS that paragraphs 2, 3, and 4 of its dispositive portion shall now read:cralavvonlinelawlibrary

2.) Ordering the defendants to pay plaintiffs the sum of P300,000.00 plus interest thereon at the rate of 2% per month from May 1, 1993 until fully paid;

3.) Ordering the defendants to pay plaintiffs the sum of P330,000.00 plus interest thereon at the legal rate from August 1, 1993 until fully paid; and

4.) Ordering the defendants to reimburse plaintiffs the sum of P214,492.62, which plaintiffs paid to Bliss Development Corporation, plus interest thereon at the legal rate from filing of the complaint until fully reimbursed.

SO ORDERED.22

The spouses Luna no longer assailed the ruling.  On the other hand, the spouses Bonrostro filed a Partial Motion for Reconsideration23 questioning the above-mentioned modifications. The CA, however, denied for lack of merit the said motion in a Resolution24 dated April 17, 2006.

Hence, this Petition for Review on Certiorari.

Issue

The basic issue in this case is whether the CA correctly modified the RTC Decision with respect to interests.

The Parties� Arguments

As may be recalled, the RTC under paragraphs 2 and 3 of the dispositive portion of its Decision ordered the spouses Bonrostro to pay the spouses Luna the sums of P300,000.00 plus interest of 2% per month from April 1993 to November 1993 and P330,000.00 plus interest of 2% per month from July 1993 to November 1993, respectively.  The CA modified these by reckoning the payment of the 2% interest on the P300,000.00 from May 1, 1993 until fully paid and by imposing interest at the legal rate on the P330,000.00 reckoned from August 1, 1993 until fully paid.

The spouses Bonrostro harp on the factual finding of the RTC, as affirmed by the CA, that Lourdes was willing and ready to pay her obligation as evidenced by her November 24, 1993 letter to Atty. Carbon.  They also assert that the sending of the said letter constitutes a valid tender of payment on their part.  Hence, they argue that they should not be assessed any interest subsequent to the date of the said letter.  Neither should they be ordered to pay interest on the amount of P214,492.62 which covers the amortizations paid by the spouses Luna to Bliss.  They point out that it was Constancia who prevented them from fulfilling their obligation to pay the amortizations when she instructed Bliss not to accept payment from them.25

The spouses Luna, on the other hand, aver that the November 24, 1993 letter of Lourdes is not equivalent to tender of payment since the mere sending of a letter expressing the intention to pay, without the accompanying payment, cannot be considered a valid tender of payment.  Also, if the spouses Bonrostro were really willing and ready to pay at that time and assuming that the spouses Luna indeed refused to accept payment, the former should have resorted to consignation.  Anent the payment of amortization, the spouses Luna explain that under the parties� Contract to Sell, Lourdes was to assume Constancia�s balance to Bliss by paying the monthly amortization in order to avoid the cancellation of the earlier Contract to Sell entered into by Constancia with Bliss.26  However, since Lourdes was remiss in paying the same, the spouses Luna were constrained to pay the amortization.  They thus assert that reimbursement to them of the said amount with interest is proper considering that by reason of such payment, the spouses Bonrostro were spared from the interests and penalties which would have been imposed by Bliss if the amortizations remained unpaid.

Our Ruling

The Petition lacks merit.

The spouses Bonrostro�s reliance on the
RTC�s  factual finding that Lourdes was
willing and ready to pay on November
24, 1993 is misplaced.


As mentioned, the RTC in resolving the Complaint focused on the sole issue of whether the failure of spouses Bonrostro to pay the installments of P300,000.00 on April 30, 1993 and P330,000.00 on July 31, 1993 is a substantial breach of their obligation under the contract as to warrant the rescission of the same.27  The said court ratiocinated, viz:cralavvonlinelawlibrary

After careful evaluation of the evidence testimonial and documentary, the Court believes that the defendants[�] delay in the payment of the two installment[s] is not so substantial [as to] warrant [rescission] of contract.  Although, the defendant failed to pay the two installments [i]n due time, she was able to communicate with the plaintiffs through letters requesting for an extension of two months within which to pay the installment[s].  In fact, on November 24, 1993 defendant informed Atty. Arlene Carbon that she was ready to pay the installments and the money is ready for pick-up.  However, plaintiff did not bother to get or pick-up the money without any valid reason.  It would be very prejudicial on the part of the defendant if the contract to sell be rescinded considering that she made a downpayment of P200,000.00 and made partial amortization to the Bliss Development Corporation.  In fact, the defendant testified that she is willing and ready to pay the balance including the interest on November 24, 1993.

The Court is of the opinion that the delay in the payment of the balance of the purchase price of the house and lot is not [so] substantial [as to] warrant the rescission of the contract to sell.  The question of whether a breach of contract is substantial depends upon the attendant circumstance.  x x x28

Clearly, the RTC arrived at the above-quoted conclusion based on its mistaken premise that rescission is applicable to the case.  Hence, its determination of whether there was substantial breach.  As may be recalled, however, the CA, in its assailed Decision, found the contract between the parties as a contract to sell, specifically of a real property on installment basis, and as such categorically declared rescission to be not the proper remedy.  This is considering that in a contract to sell, payment of the price is a positive suspensive condition, failure of which is not a breach of contract warranting rescission under Article 119129 of the Civil Code but rather just an event that prevents the supposed seller from being bound to convey title to the supposed buyer.30  Also, and as correctly ruled by the CA, Article 1191 cannot be applied to sales of real property on installment since they are governed by the Maceda Law.31

There being no breach to speak of in case of non-payment of the purchase price in a contract to sell, as in this case, the RTC�s factual finding that Lourdes was willing and able to pay her obligation � a conclusion arrived at in connection with the said court�s determination of whether the non-payment of the purchase price in accordance with the terms of the contract was a substantial breach warranting rescission � therefore loses significance.  The spouses Bonrostro�s reliance on the said factual finding is thus misplaced.  They cannot invoke their readiness and willingness to pay their obligation on November 24, 1993 as an excuse from being made liable for interest beyond the said date.

The spouses Bonrostro are liable for
interest on the installments due from the
date of default until fully paid.


The spouses Bonrostro assert that Lourdes� letter of November 24, 1993 amounts to tender of payment of the remaining balance amounting to P630,000.00.  Accordingly, thenceforth, accrual of interest should be suspended.

Tender of payment �is the manifestation by the debtor of a desire to comply with or pay an obligation.  If refused without just cause, the tender of payment will discharge the debtor of the obligation to pay but only after a valid consignation of the sum due shall have been made with the proper court.�32  �Consignation is the deposit of the [proper amount with a judicial authority] in accordance with rules prescribed by law, after the tender of payment has been refused or because of circumstances which render direct payment to the creditor impossible or inadvisable.�33

�Tender of payment, without more, produces no effect.�34  �[T]o have the effect of payment and the consequent extinguishment of the obligation to pay, the law requires the companion acts of tender of payment and consignation.�35

As to the effect of tender of payment on interest, noted civilist Arturo M. Tolentino explained as follows:cralavvonlinelawlibrary

When a tender of payment is made in such a form that the creditor could have immediately realized payment if he had accepted the tender, followed by a prompt attempt of the debtor to deposit the means of payment in court by way of consignation, the accrual of interest on the obligation will be suspended from the date of such tender. But when the tender of payment is not accompanied by the means of payment, and the debtor did not take any immediate step to make a consignation, then interest is not suspended from the time of such tender. x x x x36 (Emphasis supplied)

Here, the subject letter merely states Lourdes� willingness and readiness to pay but it was not accompanied by payment.  She claimed that she made numerous telephone calls to Atty. Carbon reminding the latter to collect her payment, but, neither said lawyer nor Constancia came to collect the payment.  After that, the spouses Bonrostro took no further steps to effect payment.  They did not resort to consignation of the payment with the proper court despite knowledge that under the contract, non-payment of the installments on the agreed date would make them liable for interest thereon.  The spouses Bonrostro erroneously assumed that their notice to pay would excuse them from paying interest.  Their claimed tender of payment did not produce any effect whatsoever because it was not accompanied by actual payment or followed by consignation. Hence, it did not suspend the running of interest.  The spouses Bonrostro are therefore liable for interest on the subject installments from the date of default until full payment of the sums of P300,000.00 and P330,000.00.

The spouses Bonrostro are likewise liable
for interest on the amount paid by the
spouses Luna to Bliss as amortization.


The spouses Bonrostro want to be relieved from paying interest on the amount of P214,492.62 which the spouses Luna paid to Bliss as amortizations by asserting that they were prevented by the latter from fulfilling such obligation.  They invoke Art. 1186 of the Civil Code which provides that �the condition shall be deemed fulfilled when the obligor voluntarily prevents its fulfillment.�

However, the Court finds Art. 1186 inapplicable to this case.  The said provision explicitly speaks of a situation where it is the obligor who voluntarily prevents fulfillment of the condition.  Here, Constancia is not the obligor but the obligee.  Moreover, even if this significant detail is to be ignored, the mere intention to prevent the happening of the condition or the mere placing of ineffective obstacles to its compliance, without actually preventing fulfillment is not sufficient for the application of Art. 1186.37  Two requisites must concur for its application, to wit: (1) intent to prevent fulfillment of the condition; and, (2) actual prevention of compliance.38

In this case, while it is undisputed that Constancia indeed instructed Bliss on March 4, 1994 not to accept payment from anyone but her, there is nothing on record to show that Bliss heeded the instruction of Constancia as to actually prevent the spouses Bonrostro from making payments to Bliss.  There is no showing that subsequent to the said letter, the spouses Bonrostro attempted to make payment to and was refused by Bliss.  Neither was there a witness presented to prove that Bliss indeed gave effect to the instruction contained in Constancia�s letter.  While Bliss� Project Development Officer, Mr. Ariel Cordero, testified during trial, nothing could be gathered from his testimony regarding this except for the fact that Bliss received the said letter.39  In view of these, the spouses Luna could not be said to have placed an effective obstacle as to actually prevent the spouses Bonrostro from making amortization payments to Bliss.

On the other hand, there are telling circumstances which militate against the spouses Bonrostro�s claimed keenness to comply with their obligation to pay the monthly amortization.  After the execution of the contract in January 1993, they immediately took possession of the property but failed to make amortization payments.  It was only after seven months or on November 18, 1993 that they made payments to Bliss in the amount of P46,303.44.40  Whether the same covers previous unpaid amortizations is also not clear as the receipt does not indicate the same41 and per Statement of Account42 as of March 8, 1994 issued by Bliss, the unpaid monthly amortizations for February to November 1993 in the total amount of P78,271.69 remained outstanding.  There was also no payment made of the amortizations due on December 4, 1993 and January 4, 199443 before the filing of the Complaint on January 11, 1994.

On the part of the spouses Luna, it is understandable that they paid the amortizations due. The assumption of payment of the monthly amortization to Bliss was made part of the obligations of the spouses Bonrostro under their contract with the spouses Luna precisely to avoid the cancellation of the earlier contract entered into by Constancia with Bliss.  But as the spouses Bonrostro failed in this obligation, the spouses Luna were constrained to pay Bliss to avoid the adverse effect of such failure.  This act of the spouses Luna proved to be even more beneficial to the spouses Bonrostro as the cancellation of the Contract to Sell between Constancia and Bliss would result in the cancellation of the subsequent Contract to Sell between Constancia and Lourdes.  Also, the spouses Bonrostro were relieved from paying the penalties that would have been imposed by Bliss if the monthly amortizations covered by the said payment remained unpaid. The Statements of Account44 issued by Bliss clearly state that each monthly amortization is due on or before the fourth day of every month and a penalty equivalent to 1/10th of 1% per day of delay shall be imposed for all payments made after due date.  That translates to 3% monthly or 36% per annum rate of interest, three times higher than the 12% per annum rate of interest correctly imposed by the CA.

Hence, the resulting situation is that the spouses Luna are constrained to part with their money while the spouses Bonrostro, despite being remiss in their obligation to pay the monthly amortization, are relieved from paying higher penalties at the expense of the former.  This is aside from the fact that the spouses Bonrostro are in continued possession of the subject property and are enjoying the beneficial use thereof.  Under the circumstances and considering that the spouses Bonrostro are obviously in delay in complying with their obligation to pay the amortizations due from February 1993 to January 1995 for which the spouses Luna paid P214,492.62,45 the CA correctly ordered the reimbursement to the latter of the said amount with interest. �Delay in the performance of an obligation is looked upon with disfavor because, when a party to a contract incurs delay, the other party who performs his part of the contract suffers damages thereby.�46  As discussed, the spouses Luna obviously suffered damages brought about by the failure of the spouses Bonrostro to comply with their obligation on time. �And, sans elaboration of the matter at hand, damages take the form of interest x x x.�47  Under Article 2209 of the Civil Code, �[i]f the obligation consists in the payment of a sum of money, and the debtor incurs in delay, the indemnity for damages, there being no stipulation to the contrary, shall be the payment of the interest agreed upon, and in the absence of stipulation, the legal interest x x x.�  There being no stipulation on interest in case of delay in the payment of amortization, the CA thus correctly imposed interest at the legal rate which is now 12% per annum.

WHEREFORE, the Petition for Review on Certiorari is DENIED and the assailed Decision dated April 15, 2005 and the Resolution dated April 17, 2006 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. CV No. 56414 are AFFIRMED.

SO ORDERED.

Carpio, (Chairperson), Brion, Perez, and Perlas-Bernabe, JJ., concur.


Endnotes:


1Rollo, pp. 8-23.cralawlibrary

2 CA rollo, pp. 69-78; penned by Associate Justice Edgardo P. Cruz and concurred in by Presiding Justice Romeo A. Brawner and Associate Justice Jose C. Mendoza (now a member of this Court).cralawlibrary

3 Records, pp. 300-302; penned by Judge Angel V. Colet.cralawlibrary

4 CA rollo, pp. 101-103; penned by Associate Justice Edgardo P. Cruz and concurred in by Associate Justices Noel G. Tijam and Vicente S.E. Veloso.cralawlibrary

5 Records, pp. 8-13.cralawlibrary

6 Id. at 14.cralawlibrary

7 Id.cralawlibrary

8 Id. at 1-7.cralawlibrary

9 Id. at 56-60.cralawlibrary

10 See Letter of Lourdes dated August 18, 1993, id. at 63.cralawlibrary

11 Id. at 64.cralawlibrary

12 Id. at 224. It states as follows:cralavvonlinelawlibrary

x x x x

This is to formally inform you of my previous verbal notice that I have not authorized anyone to negotiate and pay in my behalf my unit at Block 26 Lot 19 New Capitol Estates Project.

Any alleged authority is a forgery or a result of a misrepresentation.

Please communicate with the undersigned in the event anyone pretend[s] to negotiate on the said unit.

Very truly yours,

Sgd.
CONSTANCIA LUNA

13 Id. at 300-302.cralawlibrary

14 Id. at 302.cralawlibrary

15 Id. at 303-310.cralawlibrary

16 Id. at 327-328.cralawlibrary

17 See Notice of Appeal, id. at 329-330.cralawlibrary

18 CA rollo, pp. 69-78.cralawlibrary

19 Also known as the Realty Installment Buyer Protection Act.cralawlibrary

20 Dated August 2, 1993, records, p.147; dated September 16, 1993, id. at 149-151; dated November 15, 1993, id. 152-153.cralawlibrary

21 CA rollo, p. 77.cralawlibrary

22 Id. at 77-78.cralawlibrary

23 Id. at 79-88.cralawlibrary

24 Id. at 101-103.cralawlibrary

25 Records, p. 224.cralawlibrary

26 Article 8.01 of the Contract to Sell entered into by Constancia with Bliss provides:cralavvonlinelawlibrary

In the event the BUYER fails to pay any installment [when] due or fails to pay all installments and interests in arrears at the expiration of the grace period when such grace period is available to the BUYER, or otherwise fails to comply with any of the terms and conditions of this contract, the SELLER may, at its sole option, cause the cancellation of this contract by giving the buyer a notice of cancellation or demand for rescission of the contract without need of judicial action. x x x (Id. at 10.)

27 See relevant portion of the RTC Decision, id. at 301.cralawlibrary

28 Id.cralawlibrary

29 Art. 1191.  The power to rescind obligations is implied in reciprocal ones, in case one of the obligors should not comply with what is incumbent upon him.

The injured party may choose between the fulfillment and the rescission of the obligation, with the payment of damages in either case.  He may also seek rescission, even after he has chosen fulfillment, if the latter should become impossible.

The court shall decree the rescission claimed, unless there be just cause authorizing the fixing of a period.

x x x x

30Reyes v. Tuparan, G.R. No. 188064, June 1, 2011, 650 SCRA 283, 296.cralawlibrary

31 DESIDERIO, JURADO P., Comments and Jurisprudence on Obligations and Contracts, Twelfth Revised Edition, 2010, pp. 138-139.cralawlibrary

32Allandale Sportsline Inc. v. The Good Development Corporation, G.R. No. 164521, December 18, 2008, 574 SCRA 625, 634.cralawlibrary

33 TOLENTINO, ARTURO, M., Commentaries and Jurisprudence on the Civil Code of the Philippines, Volume IV, 1973, p. 305.cralawlibrary

34Allandale Sportsline Inc. v. The Good Development Corporation, supra.cralawlibrary

35Cinco v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 151903, October 9, 2009, 603 SCRA 108, 119.cralawlibrary

36 Supra note 32 at 306.cralawlibrary

37 Id. at 155.cralawlibrary

38 Id.cralawlibrary

39 See TSN dated June 8, 1995, pp. 1-26.cralawlibrary

40 Records, p. 65.cralawlibrary

41 The said receipt indicates �PAYMENT ACCEPTED w/o PREJUDICE W/ THE TERMS & CONDITIONS OF COMPROMISE AGREEMENT DATED NOV. 27 �91 in CIVIL CASE # 52992 BDC VS. LUNA�

42 Records, p. 80.cralawlibrary

43 Id.cralawlibrary

44 Dated March 3, 1994, id. at 80 and January 30, 1995, id. at 159.cralawlibrary

45 Id.cralawlibrary

46Arwood Industries, Inc. v. D.M. Consunji, Inc., 442 Phil. 203, 212 (2002).cralawlibrary

47 Id.



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  • A.M. No. P-09-2690 [Formerly A.M. OCA IPI No. 08-2889-P], July 09, 2013 - OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. NOEL R. ONG, DEPUTY SHERIFF, BRANCH 49, AND ALVIN A. BUENCAMINO, DEPUTY SHERIFF, BRANCH 53 OF THE METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT, CALOOCAN CITY, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 195481, July 10, 2013 - ORIENTAL PETROLEUM AND MINERALS CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. TUSCAN REALTY, INC., Respondent.

  • A.M. No. 08-5-305-RTC, July 09, 2013 - RE: FAILURE OF FORMER JUDGE ANTONIO A. CARBONELL TO DECIDE CASES SUBMITTED FOR DECISION AND TO RESOLVE PENDING MOTIONS IN THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 27, SAN FERNANDO, LA UNION.

  • G.R. No. 203241, July 10, 2013 - RIZAL COMMERCIAL BANKING CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. FEDERICO A. SERRA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 202709, July 03, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Appellee, v. ROMEO ONIZA Y ONG AND MERCY ONIZA Y CABARLE, Appellants.

  • A.M. No. CA-13-51-J, July 02, 2013 - RE: LETTER COMPLAINT OF MERLITA B. FABIANA AGAINST PRESIDING JUSTICE ANDRES B. REYES, JR., ASSOCIATE JUSTICES ISAIAS P. DICDICAN AND STEPHEN C. CRUZ; CARAG JAMORA SOMERA AND VILLAREAL LAW OFFICES AND ITS LAWYERS ATTYS. ELPIDIO C. JAMORA, JR. AND BEATRIZ O. GERONILLA-VILLEGAS, LAWYERS FOR MAGSAYSAY MARITIME CORPORATION AND VISAYAN SURETY AND INSURANCE CORPORATION.

  • G.R. No. 188711, July 08, 2013 - TAN BROTHERS CORPORATION OF BASILAN CITY THROUGH ITS OWNER/MANAGER, MAURO F. TAN, Petitioners, v. EDNA R. ESCUDERO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 197789, July 08, 2013 - PNOC-ENERGY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION AND/OR PAUL A. AQUINO, FRANCIS A. PALAFOX, Petitioners, v. JOSELITO L. ESTRELLA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 185734, July 03, 2013 - ALFREDO C. LIM, JR., Petitioner, v. SPOUSES TITO S. LAZARO AND CARMEN T. LAZARO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 198680, July 08, 2013 - HEIRS OF MAGDALENO YPON, NAMELY, ALVARO YPON, ERUDITA Y. BARON, CICERO YPON, WILSON YPON, VICTOR YPON, AND HINIDINO Y. PE�ALOSA, Petitioners, v. GAUDIOSO PONTERAS RICAFORTE A.K.A. �GAUDIOSO E. YPON,� AND THE REGISTER OF DEEDS OF TOLEDO CITY, Respondents.

  • A.C. No. 6490 [Formerly CBD Case No. 03-1054], July 09, 2013 - LILIA TABANG AND CONCEPCION TABANG, Complainsnts, v. ATTY. GLENN C. GACOTT, Respondent.

  • A.C. No. 7749, July 08, 2013 - JOSEFINA CARANZA VDA. DE SALDIVAR, Complainant, v. ATTY. RAMON SG CABANES, JR., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 170245, July 01, 2013 - THE HEIRS OF SPOUSES DOMINGO TRIA AND CONSORCIA CAMANO TRIA, Petitioners, v. LAND BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES AND DEPARTMENT OF AGRARIAN REFORM, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 195649, July 02, 2013 - CASAN MACODE MACQUILING, Petitioner, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, ROMMEL ARNADO Y CAGOCO, AND LINOG G. BALUA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 179256, July 10, 2013 - FIRST PHILIPPINE INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. RAQUEL M. CALIMBAS AND LUISA P. MAHILOM, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 186366, July 03, 2013 - HEIRS OF JOSE FERNANDO, Petitioners, v. REYNALDO DE BELEN, Respondent.

  • A.C. No. 6942, July 17, 2013 - SONIC STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC., Complainant, v. ATTY. NONNATUS P. CHUA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 177050, July 01, 2013 - CARLOS LIM, CONSOLACION LIM, EDMUNDO LIM,* CARLITO LIM, SHIRLEY LEODADIA DIZON,** AND ARLEEN LIM FERNANDEZ, Petitioners, v. DEVELOPMENT BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 198759, July 01, 2013 - PHILIPPINE AIRLINES, INC., Petitioner, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.

  • G.R. Nos. 206844-45, July 23, 2013 - COALITION OF ASSOCIATIONS OF SENIOR CITIZENS IN THE PHILIPPINES, INC. [SENIOR CITIZENS PARTY-LIST], REPRESENTED HEREIN BY ITS CHAIRPERSON AND FIRST NOMINEE, FRANCISCO G. DATOL, JR., Petitioner, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, Respondent.; G. R. NO. 206982 - COALITION OF ASSOCIATIONS OF SENIOR CITIZENS IN THE PHILIPPINES, INC. (SENIOR CITIZENS), REPRESENTED BY ITS PRESIDENT AND INCUMBENT REPRESENTATIVE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ATTY. GODOFREDO V. ARQUIZA, Petitioner, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 191247, July 10, 2013 - FRANCISCO L. ROSARIO, JR., Petitioner, v. LELLANI DE GUZMAN, ARLEEN DE GUZMAN, PHILIP RYAN DE GUZMAN, AND ROSELLA DE GUZMAN� BAUTISTA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 189686, July 15, 2013 - UNIVERSAL ROBINA CORPORATION AND LANCE Y. GOKONGWEI, Petitioners, v. WILFREDO Z. CASTILLO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 191411, July 15, 2013 - RAFAEL L. COSCOLLUELA, Petitioner, v. SANDIGANBAYAN (FIRST DIVISION) AND PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 202867, July 15, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Appellee, v. REGIE LABIAGA, Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 196741, July 17, 2013 - PHILIPPINE TOURISM AUTHORITY (Now known AS TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENTERPRISE ZONE AUTHORITY), Petitioner, v. MARCOSA A. SABANDAL-HERZENSTIEL, PEDRO TAPALES, LUIS TAPALES, AND ROMEO TAPALES, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 176111, July 12, 2013 - CAROLINA B. JOSE, Petitioner, v. PURITA SUAREZ, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 192306, July 15, 2013 - JESSIE G. MARTINEZ, Petitioner, v. CENTRAL PANGASINAN ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, INC. (CENPELCO), Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 179334, July 01, 2013 - SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS AND DISTRICT ENGINEER CELESTINO R. CONTRERAS, Petitioners, v. SPOUSES HERACLEO AND RAMONA TECSON, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 179786, July 24, 2013 - JOSIELENE LARA CHAN, Petitioner, v. JOHNNY T. CHAN, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 186264, July 08, 2013 - DR. LORNA C.FORMARAN, Petitioner, v. DR. GLENDA B. ONG AND SOLOMON S. ONG, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 191068, July 17, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CHRIS CORPUZ Y BASBAS, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 175142, July 22, 2013 - BONIFACIO WATER CORPORATION (FORMERLY BONIFACIO VIVENDI WATER CORPORATION), Petitioner, v. THE COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 200895, July 31, 2013 - ROLANDO M. MENDIOLA, Petitioner, v. COMMERZ TRADING INT�L., INC., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 199294, July 31, 2013 - RALPH LITO W. LOPEZ, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 206505, July 24, 2013 - JEREME G. VILLANUEVA, SR., Petitioner, v. BALIWAG NAVIGATION, INC., VICTORIA VDA. DE TENGCO AND UNITRA MARITIME CO., LTD., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 188500, July 24, 2013 - PROVINCE OF CAGAYAN, REPRESENTED BY HON. ALVARO T. ANTONIO, GOVERNOR, AND ROBERT ADAP, ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES OFFICER, Petitioners, v. JOSEPH LASAM LARA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 193874, July 24, 2013 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. RICORDITO N. DE ASIS, JR., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 172346, July 24, 2013 - SPOUSES NAMEAL AND LOURDES BONROSTRO, Petitioners, v. SPOUSES JUAN AND CONSTANCIA LUNA, Respondents.

  • A.M. OCA IPI No. 02-1321-P, July 16, 2013 - CONCERNED CITIZEN, Complainant, v. NONITA V. CATENA, COURT STENOGRAPHER III, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 50, PUERTO PRINCESA, PALAWAN, Respondent.

  • A.C. No. 6664, July 16, 2013 - FERDINAND A. SAMSON, Complainant, v. ATTY. EDGARDO O. ERA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 191566, July 17, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. EDGARDO V. ODTUHAN, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 197537, July 24, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. NINOY ROSALES Y ESTO, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 190340, July 24, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ROGELIO RAMOS AND MARISSA INTERO RAMOS, Accused-Appellants.

  • G.R. No. 179638, July 08, 2013 - HEIRS OF NUMERIANO MIRANDA, SR., namely: CIRILA (deceased), CORNELIO, NUMERIANO, JR., ERLINDA, LOLITA, RUFINA, DANILO, ALEJANDRO, FELIMON, TERESITA, ELIZABETH AND ANALIZA, ALL SURNAMED MIRANDA, Petitioners, v. PABLO R. MIRANDA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 173587, July 15, 2013 - ZUELLIG PHARMA CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. ALICE M. SIBAL, MA. TERESA J. BARISO, PRESCILLANO L. GONZALES, LAURA B. BERNARDO, MAMERTA R. ZITA, JOSEPHINE JUDY C. GARCIA, MENDOZA,* AND MA. ASUNCION B. HERCE, EDITHA D. CARPITANOS, MA. LUZ B. BUENO, DANTE C. VERASTIGUE,** AGNES R. ALCOBER, ARWIN Y. CRUZ, ADONIS F. OCAMPO, SOPHIA P. ANGELES, JOEL B. BUSTAMANTE, EDITHA B. COLE, LUDIVINA C. PACIA, ROSELLE M. DIZON, RODOLFO A. ABCEDE, WILFREDO RICAFRENTE, RODOLFO R. ROBERTO, ROSALIE R. LUNAR, BENJAMIN R. CALAYCAY, GUILLERO YAP CADORNA, THROVADORE TOBOSO, CAROLINA S. UY, MARIA LORETTO M. REGIS, ALMAR C. CALUAG,** VILMA R. SAPIWOSO, ANATALIA L. CALPITO, FELIPE S. CALINAWAN, VIVIELIZA DELMAR MANULAT, MA. LIZA L. RAFINAN,** AMMIE V. GATILAO, ALEX B. SADAYA AND REGINO EDDIE PANGA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 174912, July 24, 2013 - BPI EMPLOYEES UNION-DAVAO CITY-FUBU (BPIEU-DAVAO CITY-FUBU), Petitioner, v. BANK OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (BPI), AND BPI OFFICERS CLARO M. REYES, CECIL CONANAN AND GEMMA VELEZ, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 197360, July 03, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RONALD CREDO AKA �ONTOG,� RANDY CREDO AND ROLANDO CREDO Y SAN BUENAVENTURA, Accused-Appellants.

  • G.R. No. 199082, G.R. NO. 199085, G.R. NO. 199118, July 23, 2013 - JOSE MIGUEL T. ARROYO, Petitioner, v. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE; COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS; HON. LEILA DE LIMA, IN HER CAPACITY AS SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE; HON. SIXTO BRILLANTES, JR., IN HIS CAPACITY AS CHAIRPERSON OF THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS; AND THE JOINT DOJ-COMELEC PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION COMMITTEE AND FACT-FINDING TEAM, Respondents.; G.R. NO. 199085 - BENJAMIN S. ABALOS, SR., Petitioner, v. HON. LEILA DE LIMA, IN HER CAPACITY AS SECRETARY OF JUSTICE; HON. SIXTO S. BRILLANTES, JR., IN HIS CAPACITY AS COMELEC CHAIRPERSON; RENE V. SARMIENTO, LUCENITO N. TAGLE, ARMANDO V. VELASCO, ELIAS R. YUSOPH, CHRISTIAN ROBERT S. LIM AND AUGUSTO C. LAGMAN, IN THEIR CAPACITY AS COMELEC COMMISSIONERS; CLARO A. ARELLANO, GEORGE C. DEE, JACINTO G. ANG, ROMEO B. FORTES AND MICHAEL D. VILLARET, IN THEIR CAPACITY AS CHAIRPERSON AND MEMBERS, RESPECTIVELY, OF THE JOINT DOJ-COMELEC PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION COMMITTEE ON THE 2004 AND 2007 ELECTION FRAUD RESPONDENTS.; G.R. NO. 199118 - GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, Petitioner, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, REPRESENTED BY CHAIRPERSON SIXTO S. BRILLANTES, JR., DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, REPRESENTED BY SECRETARY LEILA M. DE LIMA, JOINT DOJ-COMELEC PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION COMMITTEE, SENATOR AQUILINO M. PIMENTEL III, AND DOJ-COMELEC FACT-FINDING TEAM, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 175844, July 29, 2013 - BANK OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Petitioner, v. SARABIA MANOR HOTEL CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 192571, July 23, 2013 - ABBOTT LABORATORIES, PHILIPPINES, CECILLE A. TERRIBLE, EDWIN D. FEIST, MARIA OLIVIA T. YABUT-MISA, TERESITA C. BERNARDO, AND ALLAN G. ALMAZAR, Petitioners, v. PEARLIE ANN F. ALCARAZ, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. 11-10-03-0, July 30, 2013 - RE: LETTER DATED APRIL 18, 2011 OF CHIEF PUBLIC ATTORNEY PERSIDA RUEDA-ACOSTA REQUESTING EXEMPTION FROM THE PAYMENT OF SHERIFF�S EXPENSES

  • G.R. No. 179607, July 24, 2013 - CIRILA MANOTA, FOR HERSELF AND IN BEHALF OF HER CHILDREN, CLAIRE, CATHERINE, CHARLES, PHILIP CHRISTOPHER, CARMI JOY, CARLO JOHN AND CEDRIC JAMES, Petitioners, v. AVANTGARDE SHIPPING CORPORATION AND/OR SEMBAWANG JOHNSON MANAGEMENT PTE., LTD, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 185740, July 23, 2013 - THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF CAMARINES NORTE, REPRESENTED BY GOVERNOR JESUS O. TYPOCO, JR., Petitioner, v. BEATRIZ O. GONZALES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 179146, July 23, 2013 - HOLY CHILD CATHOLIC SCHOOL, Petitioner, v. HON. PATRICIA STO. TOMAS, IN HER OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT, AND PINAG-ISANG TINIG AT LAKAS NG ANAKPAWIS � HOLY CHILD CATHOLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS AND EMPLOYEES LABOR UNION (HCCS-TELU-PIGLAS), Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 170677, July 31, 2013 - VSD REALTY & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. UNIWIDE SALES, INC. AND DOLORES BAELLO TEJAD, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 183608, July 13, 2013 - FAUSTINO T. CHINGKOE AND GLORIA CHINGKOE, Petitioners, v. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY THE BUREAU OF CUSTOMS, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 203585, July 29, 2013 - MILA CABOVERDE TANTANO AND ROSELLER CABOVERDE, Petitioners, v. DOMINALDA ESPINA�CABOVERDE, EVE CABOVERDE-YU, FE CABOVERDE-LABRADOR, AND JOSEPHINE E. CABOVERDE, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 194709, July 31, 2013 - MINETTE BAPTISTA, BANNIE EDSEL SAN MIGUEL, AND MA. FE DAYON, Petitioners, v. ROSARIO VILLANUEVA, JANETTE ROLDAN, DANILO OLAYVAR, ONOFRE ESTRELLA, CATALINO LEDDA, MANOLO GUBANGCO, GILBERT ORIBIANA, CONSTANCIO SANTIAGO, RUTH BAYQUEN, RUBY CASTANEDA, ALFRED LANDAS, JR., ROSELYN GARCES, EUGENE CRUZ, MENANDRO SAMSON, FEDERICO MUNOZ AND SALVADOR DIWA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 172846, July 24, 2013 - MANILA POLO CLUB EMPLOYEES� UNION (MPCEU) FUR-TUCP, Petitioner, v. MANILA POLO CLUB, INC., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 189028, July 16, 2013 - NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE VIRGILIO ALMARIO, NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE BIENVENIDO LUMBERA, NATIONAL ARTIST FOR VISUAL ARTS (PAINTING) BENEDICTO CABRERA, NATIONAL ARTIST FOR VISUAL ARTS (SCULPTURE) NAPOLEON ABUEVA, NATIONAL ARTIST FOR VISUAL ARTS (PAINTING AND SCULPTURE) ARTURO LUZ, NATIONAL ARTIST FOR PRODUCTION DESIGN SALVADOR BERNAL, UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR EMERITUS GEMINO ABAD, DEAN MARVIC M.V.F. LEONEN (UP COLLEGE OF LAW), DEAN DANILO SILVESTRE (UP COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE), DEAN ROLAND TOLENTINO (UP COLLEGE OF MASS COMMUNICATION), PROF. JOSE DALISAY, DR. ANTON JUAN, DR. ALEXANDER CORTEZ, DR. JOSE NEIL GARCIA, DR. PEDRO JUN CRUZ REYES, PROF. JOSE CLAUDIO GUERRERO, PROF. MICHAEL M. COROZA, PROF. GERARD LICO, PROF. VERNE DE LA PENA, PROF. MARIAN ABUAN, PROF. THEODORE O. TE, DR. CRISTINA PANTOJA-HIDALGO, PROF. JOSE WENDELL CAPILI, PROF. SIR ANRIAL TIATCO, PROF. NICOLO DEL CASTILLO, PROF. HORACIO DUMANLIG, PROF. DANTON REMOTO, PROF. PRISCELINA PATAJO-LEGASTO, PROF. BELEN CALINGACION, PROF. AMIEL Y. LEONARDIA, PROF. VIM NADERA, PROF. MARILYN CANTA, PROF. CECILIA DELA PAZ, PROF. CHARLSON ONG, PROF. CLOD MARLON YAMBAO, PROF. KENNETH JAMANDRE, PROF. JETHRO JOAQUIN, ATTY. F.D. NICOLAS B. PICHAY, ATTY. ROSE BEATRIX ANGELES, MR. FERNANDO JOSEF, MS. SUSAN S. LARA, MR. ALFRED YUSON, MS. JING PANGANIBAN-MENDOZA, MR. ROMULO BAQUIRAN, JR., MR. CARLJOE JAVIER, MS. REBECCA T. ANONUEVO, MR. JP ANTHONY D. CUNADA, MS. LEAH NAVARRO, MR. MARK MEILLY, MR. VERGEL O. SANTOS, MR. GIL OLEA MENDOZA, MR. EDGAR C. SAMAR, MS. CHRISTINE BELLEN, MR. ANGELO R. LACUESTA, MS. ANNA MARIA KATIGBAK-LACUESTA, MR. LEX LEDESMA, MS. KELLY PERIQUET, MS. CARLA PACIS, MR. J. ALBERT GAMBOA, MR. CESAR EVANGELISTA BUENDIA, MR. PAOLO ALCAZAREN, MR. ALWYN C. JAVIER, MR. RAYMOND MAGNO GARLITOS, MS. GANG BADOY, MR. LESLIE BOCOBO, MS. FRANCES BRETANA, MS. JUDITH TORRES, MS. JANNETTE PINZON, MS. JUNE POTICAR-DALISAY, MS. CAMILLE DE LA ROSA, MR. JAMES LADIORAY, MR. RENATO CONSTANTINO, JR., AND CONCERNED ARTISTS OF THE PHILIPPINES (CAP), Petitioners, v. THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, THE SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BUDGET AND MANAGEMENT, THE CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES, THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CULTURE AND THE ARTS, MS. CECILE GUIDOTE-ALVAREZ, MR. CARLO MAGNO JOSE CAPARAS,1 MR. JOSE MORENO, MR. FRANCISCO MA�OSA, AND ALL PERSONS, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE, ACTING UNDER THEIR INSTRUCTIONS, DIRECTION, CONTROL AND SUPERVISION IN RELATION TO THE CONFERMENT OF THE ORDER OF THE NATIONAL ARTIST AND THE RELEASE OF FUNDS IN RELATION TO THE CONFERMENT OF THE HONORS AND PRIVILEGES OF THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS ON RESPONDENTS GUIDOTE-ALVAREZ, CAPARAS, MORENO AND MA�OSA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 189316, July 01, 2013 - PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, Petitioner, v. SPOUSES BERNARD AND CRESENCIA MARA�ON, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 184908, July 03, 2013 - MAJOR JOEL G. CANTOS, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 192394, July 03, 2013 - ROY D. PASOS, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 177763, July 03, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. GARY VERGARA Y ORIEL AND JOSEPH INOCENCIO1 y PAULINO, Accused-Appellants.

  • G.R. No. 181277, July 03, 2013 - SWEDISH MATCH PHILIPPINES, INC., Petitioner, v. THE TREASURER OF THE CITY OF MANILA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 198240, July 03, 2013 - LUISA NAVARRO MARCOS*, Petitioner, v. THE HEIRS OF THE LATE DR. ANDRES NAVARRO, JR., NAMELY NONITA NAVARRO, FRANCISCA NAVARRO MALAPITAN, SOLEDAD NAVARRO BROCHLER, NONITA BARRUN NAVARRO, JR., IMELDA NAVARRO, ANDRES NAVARRO III, MILAGROS NAVARRO YAP, PILAR NAVARRO, TERESA NAVARRO-TABITA, AND LOURDES BARRUN-REJUSO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 188217, July 03, 2013 - FERNANDO M. ESPINO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 199932, July 03, 2013 - CAMILO A. ESGUERRA, Petitioner, v. UNITED PHILIPPINES LINES, INC., BELSHIPS MANAGEMENT (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD., AND/OR FERNANDO T. LISING, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 159213, July 03, 2013 - VECTOR SHIPPING CORPORATION AND FRANCISCO SORIANO, Petitioners, v. AMERICAN HOME ASSURANCE COMPANY AND SULPICIO LINES, INC., Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 198534, July 03, 2013 - JENNY F. PECKSON, Petitioner, v. ROBINSONS SUPERMARKET CORPORATION, JODY GADIA, ROENA SARTE, AND RUBY ALEX, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 192179, July 03, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. LITO HATSERO, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 182349, July 24, 2013 - REMAN RECIO, Petitioner, v. HEIRS OF THE SPOUSES AGUEDO AND MARIA ALTAMIRANO, NAMELY: ALEJANDRO, ADELAIDA, CATALINA, ALFREDO, FRANCISCO, ALL SURNAMED ALTAMIRANO; VIOLETA ALTAMIRANO OLFATO, AND LORETA ALTAMIRANO VDA. DE MARALIT AND SPOUSES LAURO AND MARCELINA LAJARCA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 185160, July 24, 2013 - POLYMER RUBBER CORPORATION AND JOSEPH ANG, Petitioners, v. BAYOLO SALAMUDING, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 192896, July 24, 2013 - DREAM VILLAGE NEIGHBORHOOD ASSOCIATION, INC., REPRESENTED BY ITS INCUMBENT PRESIDENT, GREG SERIEGO, Petitioner, v. BASES CONVERSION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, Respondent.

  • A.C. No. 7686, July 31, 2013 - JAIME JOVEN AND REYNALDO C. RASING, Ccomplainants, v. ATTYS. PABLO R. CRUZ AND FRANKIE O. MAGSALIN III, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 181539, July 24, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. EDWIN ALEMAN Y LONGHAS, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 188046, July 24, 2013 - LAND BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. AMERICAN RUBBER CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 181163, July 24, 2013 - ASIAN TERMINALS, INC., Petitioner, v. PHILAM INSURANCE CO., INC. (NOW CHARTIS PHILIPPINES INSURANCE, INC.), Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 181444, July 17, 2013 - BOBBY �ABEL� AVELINO Y BULAWAN, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 197250, July 17, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. REYNALDO �ANDY� SOMOZA Y HANDAYA, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 201728, July 17, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MARVIN CRUZ, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 160739, July 17, 2013 - ANITA MANGILA, Petitioner, v. JUDGE HERIBERTO M. PANGILINAN, ASST.CITY PROSECUTOR II LUCIA JUDY SOLINAP, AND NATIONAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (DIRECTOR REYNALDO WYCOCO), Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 173307, July 17, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. VICTORINO REYES, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 157900, July 22, 2013 - ZUELLIG FREIGHT AND CARGO SYSTEMS, Petitioner, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION AND RONALDO V. SAN MIGUEL, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 189343, July 10, 2013 - BENILDA N. BACASMAS, Petitioner, v. SANDIGANBAYAN AND PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.; G.R. NO. 189369 - ALAN C. GAVIOLA, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, RESPONDENT.; G.R. NO. 189553 - EUSTAQUIO B. CESA, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. Nos. 168951& 169000, July 17, 2013 - DR. ROGER R. POSADAS AND DR. ROLANDO P. DAYCO, Petitioners, v. SANDIGANBAYAN AND PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 201979, July 10, 2013 - GILDA C. FERNANDEZ AND BERNADETTE A. BELTRAN, Petitioners, v. NEWFIELD STAFF SOLUTIONS, INC./ARNOLD �JAY� LOPEZ, JR., Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 198020, July 10, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOSEPH BARRA, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 195528, July 04, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOSE CLARA Y BUHAIN, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 162385, July 15, 2013 - SAMAR-MED DISTRIBUTION, Petitioner, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, AND JOSAFAT GUTANG, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 172504, July 31, 2013 - DONNA C. NAGTALON, Petitioner, v. UNITED COCONUT PLANTERS BANK, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 197725, July 31, 2013 - MARK ANTHONY ESTEBAN (IN SUBSTITUTION OF THE DECEASED GABRIEL O. ESTEBAN), Petitioner, v. SPOUSES RODRIGO C. MARCELO AND CARMEN T. MARCELO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 188708, July 31, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Appellee, v. ALAMADA MACABANDO, Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 179326, July 31, 2013 - LUCIANO P. CA�EDO,* Petitioner, v. KAMPILAN SECURITY AND DETECTIVE AGENCY, INC. AND RAMONCITO L. ARQUIZA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 174978, July 31, 2013 - SALLY YOSHIZAKI, Petitioner, v. JOY TRAINING CENTER OF AURORA, INC., Respondent.

  • A.M. No. P-10-2789 (formerly A.M. OCA IPI No. 09-3181-P), July 31, 2013 - DEVELOPMENT BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY ATTY. BENILDA A. TEJADA, Complainant, v. DAMVIN V. FAMERO, SHERIFF IV, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 43, ROXAS, ORIENTAL MINDORO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 165014, July 31, 2013 - HEIRS OF ALEJANDRA DELFIN, NAMELY: LEOPOLDO DELFIN (DECEASED), REPRESENTED BY HIS SPOUSE, LUZ C. DELFIN, AND CHILDREN, LELANE C. DELFIN AND ANASTACIA C. DELFIN, MARCELITO DELFIN, FRANCISCO DELFIN, APOLLO DELFIN, ABRILES DELFIN, LYDIA D. DACULAN, OLIVIA D. CABALLERO, ALEJANDRO DELFIN, JULITO DELFIN, AND CANDIDO DELFIN, JR., Petitioners, v. AVELINA RABADON, PACIANO PANOGALING, HILARIA RABADON, PABLO BOQUILLA, CATALINA RABADON, PACIANO RABAYA, FE RABADON, GONZALO DABON, AND ROBERTO RABADON, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 186509, July 29, 2013 - PHILMAN MARINE AGENCY, INC. (NOW DOHLE-PHILMAN MANNING AGENCY, INC.) AND/OR DOHLE (IOM) LIMITED, Petitioners, v. ARMANDO S. CABANBAN, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 159371, July 29, 2013 - D. M. CONSUNJI CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. ROGELIO P. BELLO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 206236, July 15, 2013 - GILFREDO BACOLOD, A.K.A. GILARDO BACOLOD, Accused-Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 186610, July 29, 2013 - POLICE SENIOR SUPERINTENDENT DIMAPINTO MACAWADIB, Petitioner, v. THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE DIRECTORATE FOR PERSONNEL AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 161075, July 15, 2013 - RAFAEL JOSE CONSING, JR., Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 181119, July 31, 2013 - ARNEL ALICANDO Y BRIONES, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 189570, July 31, 2013 - HEIRS OF SANTIAGO NISPEROS, TEODORICO NISPEROS, RESTITUTA LARON, CARMELITA H. NISPEROS, VIRGILIO H. NISPEROS, CONCHITA H. NISPEROS, PURITA H. NISPEROS, PEPITO H. NISPEROS, REBECCA H. NISPEROS, ABRAHAM H. NISPEROS, IGNACIO F. NISPEROS, RODOLFO F. NISPEROS, RAYMUNDO F. NISPEROS, RENATO F. NISPEROS, FE N. MUNAR, BENITO F. NISPEROS, REYNALDO N. NISPEROS, MELBA N. JOSE, ELY N. GADIANO, REPRESENTED BY TEODORICO NISPEROS, Petitioners, v. MARISSA NISPEROS-DUCUSIN, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 196973, July 31, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RUPER POSING Y ALAYON, Accused-Appellant.

  • OCA I.P.I. NO. 11-3589-RTJ, July 29, 2013 - KONRAD A. RUBIN AND CONRADO C. RUBIN, Complainants, v. JUDGE EVELYN CORPUS-CABOCHAN, PRESIDING JUDGE, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 98, QUEZON CITY, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 191219, July 31, 2013 - SPO1 RAMON LIHAYLIHAY1 AND C/INSP. VIRGILIO V. VINLUAN, Petitioners, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 161211, July 17, 2013 - SPOUSES CELSO DICO, SR. AND ANGELES DICO, Petitioners, v. VIZCAYA MANAGEMENT CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 173226, July 29, 2013 - LAND BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. MANUEL O. GALLEGO, JR., JOSEPH L. GALLEGO AND CHRISTOPHER L. GALLEGO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 188767, July 24, 2013 - SPOUSES ARGOVAN AND FLORIDA GADITANO, Petitioners, v. SAN MIGUEL CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 189121, July 31, 2013 - AMELIA GARCIA-QUIAZON, JENNETH QUIAZON AND MARIA JENNIFER QUIAZON, Petitioners, v. MA. LOURDES BELEN, FOR AND IN BEHALF OF MARIA LOURDES ELISE QUIAZON, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 192685, July 31, 2013 - OSCAR R. AMPIL, Petitioner, v. THE HON. OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN, POLICARPIO L. ESPENESIN, REGISTRAR, REGISTER OF DEEDS, PASIG CITY, FRANCIS SERRANO, YVONNE S. YUCHENGCO, AND GEMA O. CHENG, Respondents.; G.R. No. 199115 - OSCAR R. AMPIL, Petitioner, v. POLICARPIO L. ESPENESIN, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 175666, July 29, 2013 - MANILA BANKERS LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. CRESENCIA P. ABAN, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 165386, July 29, 2013 - NATIONAL POWER CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. SPOUSES SALVADOR AND NENITA CRUZ, SPOUSES EDMUNDO AND MERLA BARZAGA, SPOUSES CRISANTO AND JULIETA DELA CRUZ, SPOUSES LORENZO AND ROSALINA PALAGANAS, SPOUSES RICARDO AND LOLITA SAGUID, SPOUSES CARMELITA A-ND RESTITUTO ALCID, HIPOLITA NASALGA, CRISELDA AND 'REDENTOR REYES, ILUMINADA ALIPIO, REYNALDO ALIPIO, CORAZON PELAYO, SPOUSES ROLANDO AND FELICIDAD BOANGUTS, SPOUSES JOSELLTO AND CAROLINE MENDOZA, SPOUSES ERLINDA AND CELSO DE GUZMAN, SPOUSES MIGUEL AND VIRGINIA CASAS, SPOUSES ERLINDA AND CELSO DICCION, MA. RENITA MARIANO, VICTORIA ESPIRITU, SPOUSES VICTOR AND ROSARION SOTELO, RENATO GUIEB, DANIEL STA. MARIA, SPOUSES MELANIO AND SOTERIA TORRES, SPOUSES CIRIACO AND PERLITA BENDIJO, SPOUSES L.ILIA AND DOMINGO TORRES, PACITA TORRES AND GREGORIA.CASTILLO, SPOUSES HILARIO AND AMANDA DONIZA, SPOUSES JEREMIAS AND ISABEL GARCIA, SPOUSES EDUARDO AND MA. MARIN CALDERON, SPOUSES ERNESTO AND PELAGIA LUCAS, CORAZON ACOSTA, TERESITA LACSON AND JULIANA DE GUZMAN, PERLA REYES, SPOUSES ESMELITON AND REMEDIOS ESPIRITU, SPOUSES ROGELIO AND AURORA ABALON, DITAS GARCIA, TERESITA CAPATI, SPOUSES EFREN AND MERCEDES MARTIN, SPOUSES HIPOLITO AND ANTONIA STA. MARIA, DIONISIO AND ATANACIA DOMONDON, JAOQUIN AND MA. THERESA DELA ROSA, SPOUSES ROMULO AND NORMA DUCUSIN, GENOVEVA CRUZ AND A. BAUTISTA, PURITA SUNICO, SPOUSES MINERVA AND ROQUE NUALLA, AND SPOUSES GABINO, JR. AND CRISPINA ALIPIO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 198110, July 31, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. WILSON ROMAN, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 147257, July 31, 2013 - SPOUSES JESUS DYCOCO and JOELA E. DYCOCO, Petitioners, v. THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, NELLY SIAPNO�SANCHEZ and INOCENCIO BERMA, Respondents.

  • A.C. No. 9906, July 29, 2013 - ATTY. LESTER R. NUIQUE, Complainant, v. ATTY. EDUARDO SEDILLO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 191025, July 31, 2013 - RHODORA PRIETO, Petitioner, v. ALPADI DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 184622, July 03, 2013 - PHILIPPINE OVERSEAS TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION (POTC) AND PHILIPPINE COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE CORPORATION (PHILCOMSAT), Petitioners, v. VICTOR AFRICA, ERLINDA I. BILDNER, SYLVIA K. ILUSORIO, HONORIO POBLADOR III, VICTORIA C. DELOS REYES, JOHN BENEDICT SIOSON, AND JOHN/JANE DOES. Respondents.; G.R. Nos. 184712-14 - PHILIPPINE OVERSEAS TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION (POTC) AND PHILIPPINE COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE CORPORATION (PHILCOMSAT), Petitioners, v. HON. JENNY LIN ALDECOA-DELORINO, PAIRING JUDGE OF THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT OF MAKATI CITY-BRANCH 138, VICTOR AFRICA, PURPORTEDLY REPRESENTING PHILCOMSAT, AND JOHN/JANE DOES, Respondents.; G.R. No. 186066 - PHILCOMSAT HOLDINGS CORPORATION, REPRESENTED BY CONCEPCION POBLADOR, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE CORPORATION (PHILCOMSAT), REPRESENTED BY VICTOR AFRICA, Respondents.; G.R. No. 186590 - PHILCOMSAT HOLDINGS CORPORATION, REPRESENTED BY ERLINDA I. BILDNER, Petitioner, v. PHILCOMSAT HOLDINGS CORPORATION, REPRESENTED BY ENRIQUE L. LOCSIN, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 182280, July 29, 2013 - TERESA C. AGUILAR, CESAR D. RAAGAS, VILLAMOR VILLEGAS, AND THE REGISTER OF DEEDS FOR THE CITY OF MAKATI, Petitioners. v. MICHAEL J. O�PALLICK, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 189293, July 10, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. VICENTE CANDELLADA, Accused-Appellant.