Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence


Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2014 > September 2014 Decisions > G.R. No. 182770, September 17, 2014 - WPM INTERNATIONAL TRADING, INC. AND WARLITO P. MANLAPAZ, Petitioners, v. FE CORAZON LABAYEN, Respondent.:




G.R. No. 182770, September 17, 2014 - WPM INTERNATIONAL TRADING, INC. AND WARLITO P. MANLAPAZ, Petitioners, v. FE CORAZON LABAYEN, Respondent.

PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

SECOND DIVISION

G.R. No. 182770, September 17, 2014

WPM INTERNATIONAL TRADING, INC. AND WARLITO P. MANLAPAZ, Petitioners, v. FE CORAZON LABAYEN, Respondent.

D E C I S I O N

BRION, J.:

We review in this petition for review on certiorari1 the decision2 dated September 28, 2007 and the resolution3 dated April 28, 2008 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. CV No. 68289 that affirmed with modification the decision4 of the Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 77, Quezon City.

The Factual Background

The respondent, Fe Corazon Labayen, is the owner of H.B.O. Systems Consultants, a management and consultant firm. The petitioner, WPM International Trading, Inc. (WPM), is a domestic corporation engaged in the restaurant business, while Warlito P. Manlapaz (Manlapaz) is its president.

Sometime in 1990, WPM entered into a management agreement with the respondent, by virtue of which the respondent was authorized to operate, manage and rehabilitate Quickbite, a restaurant owned and operated by WPM. As part of her tasks, the respondent looked for a contractor who would renovate the two existing Quickbite outlets in Divisoria, Manila and Lepanto St., University Belt, Manila. Pursuant to the agreement, the respondent engaged the services of CLN Engineering Services (CLN) to renovate Quickbite-Divisoria at the cost of P432,876.02.

On June 13, 1990, Quickbite-Divisoria�s renovation was finally completed, and its possession was delivered to the respondent. However, out of the P432,876.02 renovation cost, only the amount of P320,000.00 was paid to CLN, leaving a balance of P112,876.02.

Complaint for Sum of Money (Civil Case No. Q-90-7013)

On October 19, 1990, CLN filed a complaint for sum of money and damages before the RTC against the respondent and Manlapaz, which was docketed as Civil Case No. Q-90-7013. CLN later amended the complaint to exclude Manlapaz as defendant. The respondent was declared in default for her failure to file a responsive pleading.

The RTC, in its January 28, 1991 decision, found the respondent liable to pay CLN actual damages in the amount of P112,876.02 with 12% interest per annum from June 18, 1990 (the date of first demand) and 20% of the amount recoverable as attorney�s fees.

Complaint for Damages (Civil Case No. Q-92-13446)

Thereafter, the respondent instituted a complaint for damages against the petitioners, WPM and Manlapaz. The respondent alleged that in Civil Case No. Q-90-7013, she was adjudged liable for a contract that she entered into for and in behalf of the petitioners, to which she should be entitled to reimbursement; that her participation in the management agreement was limited only to introducing Manlapaz to Engineer Carmelo Neri (Neri), CLN�s general manager; that it was actually Manlapaz and Neri who agreed on the terms and conditions of the agreement; that when the complaint for damages was filed against her, she was abroad; and that she did not know of the case until she returned to the Philippines and received a copy of the decision of the RTC.

In her prayer, the respondent sought indemnification in the amount of P112,876.60 plus interest at 12% per annum from June 18, 1990 until fully paid; and 20% of the award as attorney�s fees. She likewise prayed that an award of P100,000.00 as moral damages and P20,000.00 as attorney�s fees be paid to her.

In his defense, Manlapaz claims that it was his fellow incorporator/director Edgar Alcansaje who was in-charge with the daily operations of the Quickbite outlets; that when Alcansaje left WPM, the remaining directors were compelled to hire the respondent as manager; that the respondent had entered into the renovation agreement with CLN in her own personal capacity; that when he found the amount quoted by CLN too high, he instructed the respondent to either renegotiate for a lower price or to look for another contractor; that since the respondent had exceeded her authority as agent of WPM, the renovation agreement should only bind her; and that since WPM has a separate and distinct personality, Manlapaz cannot be made liable for the respondent�s claim.

Manlapaz prayed for the dismissal of the complaint for lack of cause of action, and by way of counterclaim, for the award of P350,000.00 as moral and exemplary damages and P50,000.00 attorney�s fees.

The RTC, through an order dated March 2, 1993 declared WPM in default for its failure to file a responsive pleading.

The Decision of the RTC

In its decision, the RTC held that the respondent is entitled to indemnity from Manlapaz. The RTC found that based on the records, there is a clear indication that WPM is a mere instrumentality or business conduit of Manlapaz and as such, WPM and Manlapaz are considered one and the same. The RTC also found that Manlapaz had complete control over WPM considering that he is its chairman, president and treasurer at the same time. The RTC thus concluded that Manlapaz is liable in his personal capacity to reimburse the respondent the amount she paid to CLN in connection with the renovation agreement.

The petitioners appealed the RTC decision with the CA. There, they argued that in view of the respondent�s act of entering into a renovation agreement with CLN in excess of her authority as WPM�s agent, she is not entitled to indemnity for the amount she paid. Manlapaz also contended that by virtue of WPM�s separate and distinct personality, he cannot be made solidarily liable with WPM.

The Ruling of the Court of Appeals

On September 28, 2007, the CA affirmed, with modification on the award of attorney�s fees, the decision of the RTC. The CA held that the petitioners are barred from raising as a defense the respondent�s alleged lack of authority to enter into the renovation agreement in view of their tacit ratification of the contract.

The CA likewise affirmed the RTC ruling that WPM and Manlapaz are one and the same based on the following: (1) Manlapaz is the principal stockholder of WPM; (2) Manlapaz had complete control over WPM because he concurrently held the positions of president, chairman of the board and treasurer, in violation of the Corporation Code; (3) two of the four other stockholders of WPM are employed by Manlapaz either directly or indirectly; (4) Manlapaz�s residence is the registered principal office of WPM; and (5) the acronym �WPM� was derived from Manlapaz�s initials. The CA applied the principle of piercing the veil of corporate fiction and agreed with the RTC that Manlapaz cannot evade his liability by simply invoking WPM�s separate and distinct personality.

After the CA's denial of their motion for reconsideration, the petitioners filed the present petition for review on certiorari under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court.

The Petition

The petitioners submit that the CA gravely erred in sustaining the RTC�s application of the principle of piercing the veil of corporate fiction. They argue that the legal fiction of corporate personality could only be discarded upon clear and convincing proof that the corporation is being used as a shield to avoid liability or to commit a fraud. Since the respondent failed to establish that any of the circumstances that would warrant the piercing is present, Manlapaz claims that he cannot be made solidarily liable with WPM to answer for damages allegedly incurred by the respondent.

The petitioners further argue that, assuming they may be held liable to reimburse to the respondent the amount she paid in Civil Case No. Q-90-7013, such liability is only limited to the amount of P112,876.02, representing the balance of the obligation to CLN, and should not include the twelve 12% percent interest, damages and attorney�s fees.

The Issues

The core issues are: (1) whether WPM is a mere instrumentality, alter-ego, and business conduit of Manlapaz; and (2) whether Manlapaz is jointly and severally liable with WPM to the respondent for reimbursement, damages and interest.

Our Ruling

We find merit in the petition.

We note, at the outset, that the question of whether a corporation is a mere instrumentality or alter-ego of another is purely one of fact.5 This is also true with respect to the question of whether the totality of the evidence adduced by the respondent warrants the application of the piercing the veil of corporate fiction doctrine.6cralawlawlibrary

Generally, factual findings of the lower courts are accorded the highest degree of respect, if not finality. When adopted and confirmed by the CA, these findings are final and conclusive and may not be reviewed on appeal,7 save in some recognized exceptions8 among others, when the judgment is based on misapprehension of facts.

We have reviewed the records and found that the application of the principle of piercing the veil of corporate fiction is unwarranted in the present case.

On the Application of the Principle of
Piercing the Veil of Corporate Fiction


The rule is settled that a corporation has a personality separate and distinct from the persons acting for and in its behalf and, in general, from the people comprising it.9 Following this principle, the obligations incurred by the corporate officers, or other persons acting as corporate agents, are the direct accountabilities of the corporation they represent, and not theirs. Thus, a director, officer or employee of a corporation is generally not held personally liable for obligations incurred by the corporation;10 it is only in exceptional circumstances that solidary liability will attach to them.

Incidentally, the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil applies only in three (3) basic instances, namely: a) when the separate and distinct corporate personality defeats public convenience, as when the corporate fiction is used as a vehicle for the evasion of an existing obligation; b) in fraud cases, or when the corporate entity is used to justify a wrong, protect a fraud, or defend a crime; or c) is used in alter ego cases, i.e., where a corporation is essentially a farce, since it is a mere alter ego or business conduit of a person, or where the corporation is so organized and controlled and its affairs so conducted as to make it merely an instrumentality, agency, conduit or adjunct of another corporation.11cralawlawlibrary

Piercing the corporate veil based on the alter ego theory requires the concurrence of three elements, namely:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

(1) Control, not mere majority or complete stock control, but complete domination, not only of finances but of policy and business practice in respect to the transaction attacked so that the corporate entity as to this transaction had at the time no separate mind, will or existence of its own;

(2) Such control must have been used by the defendant to commit fraud or wrong, to perpetuate the violation of a statutory or other positive legal duty, or dishonest and unjust act in contravention of plaintiff�s legal right; and

(3) The aforesaid control and breach of duty must have proximately caused the injury or unjust loss complained of.

The absence of any of these elements prevents piercing the corporate veil.12cralawlawlibrary

In the present case, the attendant circumstances do not establish that WPM is a mere alter ego of Manlapaz.

Aside from the fact that Manlapaz was the principal stockholder of WPM, records do not show that WPM was organized and controlled, and its affairs conducted in a manner that made it merely an instrumentality, agency, conduit or adjunct of Manlapaz. As held in Martinez v. Court of Appeals,13 the mere ownership by a single stockholder of even all or nearly all of the capital stocks of a corporation is not by itself a sufficient ground to disregard the separate corporate personality. To disregard the separate juridical personality of a corporation, the wrongdoing must be clearly and convincingly established.14cralawlawlibrary

Likewise, the records of the case do not support the lower courts� finding that Manlapaz had control or domination over WPM or its finances. That Manlapaz concurrently held the positions of president, chairman and treasurer, or that the Manlapaz�s residence is the registered principal office of WPM, are insufficient considerations to prove that he had exercised absolute control over WPM.

In this connection, we stress that the control necessary to invoke the instrumentality or alter ego rule is not majority or even complete stock control but such domination of finances, policies and practices that the controlled corporation has, so to speak, no separate mind, will or existence of its own, and is but a conduit for its principal. The control must be shown to have been exercised at the time the acts complained of took place. Moreover, the control and breach of duty must proximately cause the injury or unjust loss for which the complaint is made.

Here, the respondent failed to prove that Manlapaz, acting as president, had absolute control over WPM. Even granting that he exercised a certain degree of control over the finances, policies and practices of WPM, in view of his position as president, chairman and treasurer of the corporation, such control does not necessarily warrant piercing the veil of corporate fiction since there was not a single proof that WPM was formed to defraud CLN or the respondent, or that Manlapaz was guilty of bad faith or fraud.

On the contrary, the evidence establishes that CLN and the respondent knew and acted on the knowledge that they were dealing with WPM for the renovation of the latter�s restaurant, and not with Manlapaz. That WPM later reneged on its monetary obligation to CLN, resulting to the filing of a civil case for sum of money against the respondent, does not automatically indicate fraud, in the absence of any proof to support it.

This Court also observed that the CA failed to demonstrate how the separate and distinct personality of WPM was used by Manlapaz to defeat the respondent�s right for reimbursement. Neither was there any showing that WPM attempted to avoid liability or had no property against which to proceed.

Since no harm could be said to have been proximately caused by Manlapaz for which the latter could be held solidarily liable with WPM, and considering that there was no proof that WPM had insufficient funds, there was no sufficient justification for the RTC and the CA to have ruled that Manlapaz should be held jointly and severally liable to the respondent for the amount she paid to CLN. Hence, only WPM is liable to indemnify the respondent.

Finally, we emphasize that the piercing of the veil of corporate fiction is frowned upon and thus, must be done with caution.15 It can only be done if it has been clearly established that the separate and distinct personality of the corporation is used to justify a wrong, protect fraud, or perpetrate a deception. The court must be certain that the corporate fiction was misused to such an extent that injustice, fraud, or crime was committed against another, in disregard of its rights; it cannot be presumed.

On the Award of Moral Damages

On the award of moral damages, we find the same in order in view of WPM�s unjustified refusal to pay a just debt. Under Article 2220 of the New Civil Code,16 moral damages may be awarded in cases of a breach of contract where the defendant acted fraudulently or in bad faith or was guilty of gross negligence amounting to bad faith.

In the present case, when payment for the balance of the renovation cost was demanded, WPM, instead of complying with its obligation, denied having authorized the respondent to contract in its behalf and accordingly refused to pay. Such cold refusal to pay a just debt amounts to a breach of contract in bad faith, as contemplated by Article 2220. Hence, the CA�s order to pay moral damages was in order.

WHEREFORE, in light of the foregoing, the decision dated September 28, 2007 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. CV No. 68289 is MODIFIED and that petitioner Warlito P. Manlapaz is ABSOLVED from any liability under the renovation agreement.

SO ORDERED.cralawred

Carpio, (Chairperson), Del Castillo, Villarama, Jr.,* and Leonen, JJ., concur.

Endnotes:


* Designated as Acting Member in lieu of Associate Justice Jose C. Mendoza, per Special Order No. 1767 dated August 27, 2014.

1 Under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court; rollo, pp. 29-38.

2Rollo, pp. 8-24; penned by Associate Justice Ramon R. Garcia, and concurred in by Associate Justice Josefina Guevara-Salonga, and Associate Justice Vicente Q. Roxas.

3 Id. at 26-27.

4 Id. at 54-60; penned by Judge Vivencio S. Baclig dated April 19, 2000.

5Heirs of Ramon Durano, Sr. v. Uy, 398 Phil. 125, 157 (2000).

6Saverio v. Puyat, G.R. No. 186433, November 27, 2013, 710 SCRA 747, 756.

7Garong v. People of the Philippines, 538 Phil. 296, 306 (2006).

8 See Samaniego-Celada v. Abena, 579 Phil. 60, 66 (2008):chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

x x x x

(1) when the conclusion is a finding grounded entirely on speculation, surmises and conjectures;
(2) when the inference made is manifestly mistaken, absurd or impossible;
(3) where there is a grave abuse of discretion;
(4) when the judgment is based on a misapprehension of facts;
(5) when the findings of fact are conflicting;
(6) when the Court of Appeals, in making its findings, went beyond the issues of the case and the same is contrary to the admissions of both appellant and appellee;
(7) when the findings are contrary to those of the trial court;
(8) when the findings of fact are conclusions without citation of specific evidence on which they are based; (9) when the facts set forth in the petition as well as in the petitioners� main and reply briefs are not disputed by the respondents; and (10) when the findings of fact of the Court of Appeals are premised on the supposed absence of evidence and contradicted by the evidence on record.

9 Supra note 6, at 757.

10 Id.

11Prisma Construction and Development Corporation v. Menchavez, G.R. No. 160545, March 9, 2010, 614 SCRA 590, 603.

12Philippine National Bank v. Hydro Resources Contractors Corporation, G.R. Nos. 167530, 167561 and 167603, March 13, 2013, 693 SCRA 294, 308-310.

13 481 Phil. 450, 453 (2004).

14Marubeni Corporation v. Lirag, 415 Phil. 29, 39 ( 2001).

15Heirs of Fe Tan Uy v. International Exchange Bank, G.R. Nos. 166282-83, February 13, 2013, 690 SCRA 519, 528.

16 Article 2220. Willful injury to property may be a legal ground for awarding moral damages if the court should find that, under the circumstances, such damages are justly due. The same rule applies to breaches of contract where the defendant acted fraudulently or in bad faith.



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  • G.R. No. 204160, September 22, 2014 - SPOUSES MICHELLE M. NOYNAY AND NOEL S. NOYNAY, Petitioners, v. CITIHOMES BUILDER AND DEVELOPMENT, INC., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 202701, September 10, 2014 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. EDILBERTO BALIBAY Y LABIS AND MARICEL BALIBAY BIJA-AN, Defendant-Appellants.

  • G.R. No. 178911, September 17, 2014 - EDUARDO D. MONSANTO, DECOROSO D. MONSANTO, SR., AND REV. FR. PASCUAL D. MONSANTO, JR., Petitioners, v. LEONCIO LIM AND LORENZO DE GUZMAN, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 195289, September 24, 2014 - ROBINSON�S BANK CORPORATION (FORMERLY THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND [PHILS.], INC.), Petitioner, v. HON. SAMUEL H. GAERLAN, HON. HAKIM S. ABDULWAHID AND HON. RICARDO R. ROSARIO, IN THEIR CAPACITY AS ASSOCIATE JUSTICES RESPECTIVELY OF THE TENTH DIVISION OF THE COURT OF APPEALS, AND TRADE AND INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 181921, September 17, 2014 - INTERORIENT MARITIME ENTERPRISES, INC., Petitioner, v. VICTOR M. CREER III, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. 2010-21-SC, September 30, 2014 - Re: ANONYMOUS LETTER-COMPLAINT ON THE ALLEGED INVOLVEMENT AND FOR ENGAGING IN THE BUSINESS OF LENDING MONEY AT USURIOUS RATES OF INTEREST OF MS. DOLORES T. LOPEZ, SC CHIEF JUDICIAL STAFF OFFICER, AND MR. FERNANDO M. MONTALVO, SC SUPERVISING JUDICIAL STAFF OFFICER, CHECKS DISBURSEMENT DIVISION, FISCAL MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OFFICE.

  • G.R. No. 207950, September 22, 2014 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MARK JASON CHAVEZ Y BITANCOR ALIAS �NOY�, Accused-Appellant.

  • A.M. No. 2008-23-SC, September 30, 2014 - ALLEGED LOSS OF VARIOUS BOXES OF COPY PAPER DURING THEIR TRANSFER FROM THE PROPERTY DIVISION, OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES (OAS), TO THE VARIOUS ROOMS OF THE PHILIPPINE JUDICIAL ACADEMY.; [A.M. No. 2014-025-Ret.] - RELEASE OF COMPULSORY RETIREMENT BENEFITS UNDER R.A. NO. 8291 OF MR. ISIDRO P. AUSTRIA, FORMER SUPPLY OFFICER II, PHILIPPINE JUDICIAL ACADEMY, SUPREME COURT.

  • G.R. No. 202733, September 30, 2014 - DEVELOPMENT BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. COMMISSION ON AUDIT, JANEL D. NACION, DIRECTOR IV, LEGAL SERVICES SECTOR OF COA, AND THE SUPERVISING AUDITOR OF THE DEVELOPMENT BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.

  • A.M. No. P-14-3260 (Formerly A.M. No. 12-2-38- RTC ), September 16, 2014 - OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. EDGAR S. CRUZ, CLERK III, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 52, GUAGUA, PAMPANGA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 210658, September 17, 2014 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. PRIMO P. JAPSON ALIAS �LONGLONG�, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 187144, September 17, 2014 - CARMEN T. GAHOL, SUBSTITUTED BY HER HEIRS, RICARDO T. GAHOL, MARIA ESTER GAHOL PEREZ, JOSE MARI T. GAHOL, LUISITO T. GAHOL AND ALCREJ CORPORATION, Petitioners, v. ESPERANZA COBARRUBIAS, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 191712, September 17, 2014 - EDITA S. BUENO AND MILAGROS E. QUINAJON, Petitioners, v. OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN, NAPOLEON S. RONQUILLO, JR., EDNA G. RA�A AND ROMEO G. REFRUTO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 204755, September 17, 2014 - SOLEDAD TRIA, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 189863, September 17, 2014 - PEDRO LIBANG, JR., Petitioner, v. INDOCHINA SHIP MANAGEMENT INC., MR. MIGUEL SANTOS AND MAJESTIC CARRIERS, INC., Respondents.

  • A.C. No. 9115, September 17, 2014 - REBECCA MARIE UY YUPANGCO-NAKPIL, Complainant, v. ATTY. ROBERTO L. UY, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 201644, September 24, 2014 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. JOSE C. GO AND AIDA C. DELA ROSA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 206555, September 17, 2014 - ATTY. FORTUNATO PAGDANGANAN, JR., ATTY. ABIGAIL D. SUAREZ, AND EUGENIO A. VILLANUEVA, Petitioners, v. FLORENTINO P. SARMIENTO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 188909, September 17, 2014 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS AND PRESIDENTIAL ANTI-GRAFT COMMISSION, Petitioners, v. FLORENDO B. ARIAS, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, BUREAU OF EQUIPMENT, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 158583, September 10, 2014 - ROSALIE L. GARGOLES, Petitioner, v. REYLITA S. DEL ROSARIO, DOING BUSINESS UNDER THE NAME AND STYLE JAY ANNE'S ONE HOUR PHOTO SHOP, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 158150, September 10, 2014 - AGRIEX CO., LTD., Petitioner, v. HON. TITUS B. VILLANUEVA, COMMISSIONER, BUREAU OF CUSTOMS (NOW REPLACED BY HON. ANTONIO M. BERNARDO), AND HON. BILLY C. BIBIT, COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS, PORT OF SUBIC (NOW REPLACED BY HON. EMELITO VILLARUZ), Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 182794, September 08, 2014 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. BOBBY BELGAR, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 206510, September 16, 2014 - MOST REV. PEDRO D. ARIGO, Vicar Apostolic of Puerto Princesa D.D.; MOST REV. DEOGRACIAS S. INIGUEZ, JR., Bishop-Emeritus ofCaloocan, FRANCES Q. QUIMPO, CLEMENTE G. BAUTISTA, JR., Kalikasan-PNE, MARIA CAROLINA P. ARAULLO, RENATO M. REYES, JR., BagongAlyansang Makabayan, HON. NERI JAVIER COLMENARES, BayanMuna Party-list, ROLAND G. SIMBULAN, PH.D., Junk VFAMovement, TERESITA R. PEREZ, PH.D., HON. RAYMOND V. PALATINO, Kabataan Party-list, PETER SJ. GONZALES, Pamalakaya, GIOVANNI A. TAPANG, PH. D., Agham, ELMER C. LABOG, Kilusang Mayo Uno, JOAN MAY E. SALVADOR, Gabriela, JOSE ENRIQUE A. AFRICA, THERESA A. CONCEPCION, MARY JOAN A. GUAN, NESTOR T. BAGUINON, PH.D., A. EDSEL F. TUPAZ, Petitioners, v. SCOTT H. SWIFT in his capacity as Commander of the U.S. 7th Fleet, MARK A. RICE in his capacity as Commanding Officer of the USS Guardian, PRESIDENT BENIGNO S. AQUINO III in his capacity as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, HON. ALBERT F. DEL ROSARIO, Secretary, Department of Foreign Affairs, HON. PAQUITO OCHOA, JR., Executive Secretary, Office of the President, HON. VOLTAIRE T. GAZMIN, Secretary, Department of National Defense, HON. RAMON JESUS P. PAJE, Secretary, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, VICE ADMIRAL JOSE LUIS M. ALANO, Philippine Navy Flag Officer in Command, Armed Forces of the Philippines, ADMIRAL RODOLFO D. ISORENA, Commandant, Philippine Coast Guard, COMMODORE ENRICO EFREN EVANGELISTA, Philippine Coast Guard Palawan, MAJOR GEN. VIRGILIO O. DOMINGO, Commandant of Armed Forces of the Philippines Commandand LT. GEN. TERRY G. ROBLING, US Marine Corps Forces, Pacific and Balikatan 2013 Exercise Co-Director, Respondents.

  • A.C. No. 10438, September 23, 2014 - CF SHARP CREW MANAGEMENT INCORPORATED, Complainant, v. NICOLAS C. TORRES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 209286, September 23, 2014 - LINA DELA PE�A JALOVER, GEORGIE A. HUISO AND VELVET BARQUIN ZAMORA, Petitioners, v. JOHN HENRY R. OSME�A AND COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS (COMELEC), Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 182424, September 22, 2014 - NENITA CARGANILLO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 192957, September 29, 2014 - EMMANUEL B. MORAN, JR., (DECEASED), SUBSTITUTED BY HIS WIDOW, CONCORDIA V. MORAN, Petitioner, v. OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES, AS REPRESENTED BY THE HONORABLE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY EDUARDO R. ERMITA AND PGA CARS, INC., Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 199133, September 29, 2014 - ESPERANZA TUMPAG, SUBSTITUTED BY HER SON, PABLITO TUMPAG BELNAS, JR., Petitioner, v. SAMUEL TUMPAG, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 179654, September 22, 2014 - HACIENDA LEDDY/RICARDO GAMBOA, JR., Petitioner, v. PAQUITO VILLEGAS, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 206599, September 29, 2014 - 680 HOME APPLIANCES, INC., Petitioner, v. THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, THE HONORABLE MARYANN E. CORPUS-MA�ALAC, IN HER CAPACITY AS THE PRESIDING JUDGE OF THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT OF MAKATI CITY, BRANCH 141, ATTY. ENGRACIO ESCASINAS, JR., IN HIS CAPACITY AS THE EX-OFFICIO SHERIFF/CLERK OF COURT VII, OFFICE OF THE CLERK OF COURT, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, MAKATI CITY, FIRST SOVEREIGN ASSET MANAGEMENT (SPV-AMC), INC. AND ALDANCO MERLMAR, INC., Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 198538, September 29, 2014 - EXOCET SECURITY AND ALLIED SERVICES CORPORATION AND/OR MA. TERESA MARCELO, Petitioner, v. ARMANDO D. SERRANO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 192398, September 29, 2014 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. PILIPINAS SHELL PETROLEUM CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. SB-14-21-J [Formerly A.M. No. 13-10-06-SB], September 23, 2014 - RE: ALLEGATIONS MADE UNDER OATH AT THE SENATE BLUE RIBBON COMMITTEE HEARING HELD ON SEPTEMBER 26, 2013 AGAINST ASSOCIATE JUSTICE GREGORY S. ONG, SANDIGANBAYAN

  • G.R. No. 204369, September 17, 2014 - ENRIQUETA M. LOCSIN, Petitioner, v. BERNARDO HIZON, CARLOS HIZON, SPS. JOSE MANUEL & LOURDES GUEVARA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 202666, September 29, 2014 - RHONDA AVE S. VIVARES AND SPS. MARGARITA AND DAVID SUZARA, Petitioners, v. ST. THERESA�S COLLEGE, MYLENE RHEZA T. ESCUDERO, AND JOHN DOES, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 157633, September 10, 2014 - NORTHWEST AIRLINES, INC., Petitioner, v. MA. CONCEPCION M. DEL ROSARIO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 202066, September 30, 2014 - CBK POWER COMPANY LIMITED, Petitioner, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.; G.R. NO. 205353 - CBK POWER COMPANY LIMITED, Petitioner, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 152334, September 24, 2014 - H.H. HOLLERO CONSTRUCTION, INC., Petitioner, v. GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM AND POOL OF MACHINERY INSURERS, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 200077, September 17, 2014 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ADEL RAMOS Y ABELLANA, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 208716, September 24, 2014 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ELADIO B. LUMAHO ALIAS �ATTUMPANG,� Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 199780, September 24, 2014 - GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM, Petitioner, v. JOSE M. CAPACITE, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. P-13-3130 [Formerly OCA I.P.I. No. 11-3668-P], September 22, 2014 - OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, Petitioner, v. MAY F. HERNANDEZ, CLERK III, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 199, LAS PI�AS CITY, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 182770, September 17, 2014 - WPM INTERNATIONAL TRADING, INC. AND WARLITO P. MANLAPAZ, Petitioners, v. FE CORAZON LABAYEN, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 192973, September 29, 2014 - PEDRITO DELA TORRE, Petitioner, v. DR. ARTURO IMBUIDO, DRA. NORMA IMBUIDO in their capacity as owners and operators of DIVINE SPIRIT GENERAL HOSPITAL AND/OR DR. NESTOR PASAMBA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 202354, September 24, 2014 - AMADA C. ZACARIAS, Petitioner, v. VICTORIA ANACAY, EDNA ANACAY, CYNTHIA ANACAY-GUISIC, ANGELITO ANACAY, JERMIL ISRAEL, JIMMY ROY ISRAEL AND ALL OTHER PERSONS CLAIMING AUTHORITY UNDER THEM, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 173168, September 29, 2014 - PHILIPPINE AMANAH BANK (NOW AL-AMANAH ISLAMIC INVESTMENT BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, ALSO KNOWN AS ISLAMIC BANK), Petitioner, v. EVANGELISTA CONTRERAS, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 200065, September 24, 2014 - CAPITAL SHOES FACTORY, LTD., Petitioner, v. TRAVELER KIDS, INC., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 195889, September 24, 2014 - PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, Petitioner, v. SPOUSES EDUARDO AND MA. ROSARIO TAJONERA AND EDUAROSA REALTY DEVELOPMENT, INC., Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 211356, September 29, 2014 - CRISOSTOMO B. AQUINO, Petitioner, v. MUNICIPALITY OF MALAY, AKLAN, REPRESENTED BY HON. MAYOR JOHN P. YAP, SANGGUNIANG BAYAN OF MALAY, AKLAN, REPRESENTED BY HON. EZEL FLORES, DANTE PASUGUIRON, ROWEN AGUIRRE, WILBEC GELITO, JUPITER GALLENERO, OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL ENGINEER, OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL TREASURER, BORACAY PNP CHIEF, BORACAY FOUNDATION, INC., REPRESENTED BY NENETTE GRAF, MUNICIPAL AUXILIARY POLICE, AND JOHN AND JANE DOES, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 205561, September 24, 2014 - DIONISIO B. COLOMA, JR., Petitioner, v. HON. SANDIGANBAYAN (THIRD DIVISION) AND PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 209195, September 17, 2014 - MANUEL J. JIMENEZ, JR., Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.; G.R. NO. 209215 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. MANUEL J. JIMENEZ, JR., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 195594, September 29, 2014 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY THE NATIONAL IRRIGATION ADMINISTRATION, Petitioner, v. SPOUSES ROGELIO LAZO AND DOLORES LAZO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 200566, September 17, 2014 - JEBSEN MARITIME INC., APEX MARITIME SHIP MANAGEMENT CO. LLC., AND/OR ESTANISLAO SANTIAGO, Petitioners, v. WILFREDO E. RAVENA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 180290, September 29, 2014 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 167454, September 24, 2014 - EMERITU C. BARUT, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 191237, September 24, 2014 - ROBERT KUA, CAROLINE N. KUA, AND MA. TERESITA N. KUA, Petitioners, v. GREGORIO SACUPAYO AND MAXIMINIANO PANERIO, Respondents.

  • A.M. No. MTJ-13-1837 [formerly OCA IPI No. 12-2463-MTJ], September 24, 2014 - CONRADO ABE LOPEZ, REPRESENTED BY ATTY. ROMUALDO JUBAY, Complainant, v. JUDGE ROGELIO S. LUCMAYON, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT IN CITIES, BRANCH 1, MANDAUE CITY, CEBU, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 198314, September 24, 2014 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RICHARD GUINTO Y SAN ANDRES, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 185345, September 10, 2014 - RONNIE L. ABING, Petitioner, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, ALLIED BANKING CORPORATION, FACILITATORS GENERAL SERVICES AND MARILAG BUSINESS AND INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES, INC., Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 173632, September 29, 2014 - AMBROSIO ROTAIRO (SUBSTITUTED BY HIS SPOUSE MARIA RONSAYRO ROTAIRO, AND HIS CHILDREN FELINA ROTAIRO, ERLINDA ROTAIRO CRUZ, EUDOSIA ROTAIRO CRIZALDO, NIEVES ROTAIRO TUBIG, REMEDIOS ROTAIRO MACAHILIG, FELISA ROTAIRO LEGASPI, JOSEFINA ROTAIRO TORREVILLAS, AND CRISENCIO R. ROTAIRO, MARCIANA TIBAY, EUGENIO PUNZALAN, AND VICENTE DEL ROSARIO, Petitioners, v. ROVIRA ALCANTARA AND VICTOR ALCANTARA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 194176, September 10, 2014 - LIMUELL C. NARCISO, OMAR C. MATUGUINA, ERIC MATUGUINA, AZENITH MAG-ASO, LILIBETH MASCARI�AS, LUTGARDO OGAMA, LOLITO COLLAMAT, IRIS MATUGUINA AND ELMER BANILAD, CARLOS B. MATUGUINA, JR., BIBIANO ESTRERA, JR., PEDRO LINABOG, BOBBY ALQUEZA, SANTIAGO ATIS, MARLON DAMAYO, CASINILLO NESTRO, BERNARDITO DACAN, SABINIANO PATATAG, JOLLYBOY MONICIT, RODRIGO DAYDAY, REY ESTRERA, CRESENCIO CASIO, DOMINICO AVILA, ERVERT RICAZA, ENRIQUE PANTILGAN, JONARDEN E. GONZAGA, RENATO CASIO, BENNY BOOC, DUA CORSINO, RANILO IGOT, NARCISO PATERNO, ROBERTO RABAL, JULITO MONSALES, LEOPOLDO MONGUEZ, JR., ROWEL NEIGAS, EPIFANIO PIAMIL, LOUIE JUDILLAS AND MANUEL CENIZA, Petitioners, v. PACIFIC TRADERS & MANUFACTURING CORPORATION (PTMC)/TABOK WORKERS MULTI�PURPOSE COOPERATIVE (TWMPC), Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 195443, September 17, 2014 - JUANARIO G. CAMPIT, Petitioner, v. ISIDRA B. GRIPA, PEDRO BARDIAGA, AND SEVERINO BARDIAGA, REPRESENTED BY HIS SON ROLANDO BARDIAGA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 196508, September 24, 2014 - LEONARDO A. VILLALON AND ERLINDA TALDE-VILLALON, Petitioners, v. AMELIA CHAN, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 185267, September 17, 2014 - CESAR T. QUIAMBAO AND ERIC C. PILAPIL, Petitioners, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, ADERITO Z. YUJUICO AND BONIFACIO C. SUMBILLA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 187621, September 24, 2014 - MOUNT CARMEL COLLEGE EMPLOYEES UNION (MCCEU)/RUMOLO S. BASCAR, MARIBEL TESALUNA, ROLANDO TESALUNA, KENNETH BENIGNOS, MARILYN MANGULABNAN, EMELINA I. NACIONAL, JODELYN REBOTON, EVERSITA S. BASCAR, MAE BAYLEN, ERNA E. MAHILUM, EVELYN R. ANTONES, Petitioners, v. MOUNT CARMEL COLLEGE, INCORPORATED, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 183345, September 17, 2014 - MA. GRACIA HAO AND DANNY HAO, Petitioners, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 187401, September 17, 2014 - MA. ROSARIO P. CAMPOS, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES AND FIRST WOMEN�S CREDIT CORPORATION, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 180144, September 24, 2014 - LEONARDO BOGNOT, Petitioner, v. RRI LENDING CORPORATION, REPRESENTED BY ITS GENERAL MANAGER, DARIO J. BERNARDEZ, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 200055, September 10, 2014 - STANDARD INSURANCE CO., INC., Petitioner, v. ARNOLD CUARESMA AND JERRY B. CUARESMA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 202838, September 17, 2014 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JULITO GERANDOY, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 172843, September 24, 2014 - ALFREDO L. VILLAMOR, JR., Petitioner, v. JOHN S. UMALE, IN SUBSTITUTION OF HERNANDO F. BALMORES, Respondent.; G.R. NO. 172881 - RODIVAL E. REYES, HANS M. PALMA AND DOROTEO M. PANGILINAN, Petitioners, v. HERNANDO F. BALMORES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 200729, September 29, 2014 - TEMIC AUTOMOTIVE (PHILIPPINES), INC., Petitioner, v. RENATO M. CANTOS, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. RTJ-08-2140 (Formerly A.M. No. 00-2-86-RTC), October 07, 2014 - OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. EXECUTIVE JUDGE OWEN B. AMOR, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, DAET, CAMARINES NORTE, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. RTJ-14-2394 (Formerly OCA IPI No. 12-3847-RTJ), September 01, 2014 - GEORGE T. CHUA, Complainant, v. JUDGE FORTUNITO L. MADRONA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 189812, September 01, 2014 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. REYNALDO BATURI, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 200729, September 29, 2014 - TEMIC AUTOMOTIVE (PHILIPPINES), INC., Petitioner, v. RENATO M. CANTOS, Respondent.