Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence


Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2015 > July 2015 Decisions > G.R. No. 172983, July 22, 2015 - FAR EAST BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, Respondent.:




G.R. No. 172983, July 22, 2015 - FAR EAST BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, Respondent.

PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

SECOND DIVISION

G.R. No. 172983, July 22, 2015

FAR EAST BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, Respondent.

D E C I S I O N

BRION, J.:

Before the Court is a petition for review on certiorari1 filed by the petitioner Far East Bank and Trust Company (FEBTC), assailing the May 31, 2006 decision2 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. C.V. No. 56624.

The CA decision reversed and set aside the orders dated February 26, 1997, and May 21, 1997, of the Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 31, Manila, in Special Proceeding No. 86-35313.

The Factual Antecedents


On July 5, 1985, the Central Bank of the Philippines (Central Bank) issued Monetary Board (MB) Resolution No. 699, placing Pacific Banking Corporation (PBC) under receivership.3

On October 28, 1985, the Central Bank formally invited banks to submit their proposals for the purchase of the assets and franchise of the various offices of the PBC and the assumption of an equivalent amount of the PBC s liabilities.4

In answer to the formal invitation, the FEBTC submitted its bid5 on November 14, 1985.

The FEBTC's bid covered the purchase of the PBC's non-fixed and fixed assets and the assumption of the PBC's recorded liabilities.6 According to the bid, the fixed assets are those described in the Asian Appraisal Report of August 1, 1984, and August 9, 1984 (Asian Appraisal Report), which the FEBTC offered to purchase at a price equivalent to the sound values indicated in the report, subject to the discounts proposed in the bid.7

Specifically, the assets and their corresponding valuation that were enumerated in the Asian Appraisal Report8 are as follows:
Cost of Reproduction
Sound Value
Cubao, Quezon City, Metropolitan Manila
P 19,604,000
P 16,844,000
Paco, Manila
3,836,000
3,288,000
Sta. Cruz, Manila (Soler)9
3,126,750
2,445,750
Sta. Mesa, Manila
12,500,400
10,213,000
Bacolod City
12,522,900
9,728,000
Melencio Street, Cabanatuan City
3,878,600
3,157,500
A.V. Fernandez Avenue, Dagupan City
9,873,000
8,325,000
E. Ta�edo Street, Tarlac, Tarlac
5,622,000
5,227,000
A. Flores Street, San Pablo City
3,434,800
3,151,800
Cebu City
3,921,700
3,112,200
Davao City
6,844,200
5,938,800
Iloilo City
5,383,000
3,803,000
Quezon Avenue, San Fernando, La Union
3,587,800
2,729,400
Laoag City
1,781,000
1,293,000
Bo. Centro, Legaspi City
3,132,300
2,400,000
Poblacion, Naga City
6,280,900
5,569,600
Grand Total
P105,329,350
P87,226,050
Rounded To
P105,329,000
P87,226,000
cralawlawlibrary

On November 22, 1985, the Monetary Board issued MB Resolution No. 1234, accepting the FEBTC's bid after finding it as the most advantageous.10

On April 16, 1986, the FEBTC as the buyer, the PBC as the seller, and the Central Bank entered into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA). The PBC was represented by its Liquidator Renan V. Santos (Liquidator Santos)11 who was then the Special Assistant to the Central Bank Governor.

Section 112 of the MOA stated that the parties shall execute an absolute purchase agreement covering all the assets of the PBC.13 Specifically, these assets covered the non-fixed assets, as provided under Section 3(a)14 of the MOA and the fixed assets defined under Section 3(c).15 Reflecting the FEBTC's bid, Section 3(c)16 of the MOA stated that the fixed assets are those enumerated in the Asian Appraisal Report dated August 1984.17

The parties agreed, however, in Section 1(a)(vii) of the MOA that the PBC assets submitted to the Central Bank as collaterals shall be excluded from the purchase.18

In accordance with Section 1(a)19 of the MOA, the PBC as the seller, the FEBTC as the buyer, and the Central Bank, executed a purchase agreement (PA) for the FEBTC's purchase of the PBC assets and the assumption of its liabilities.20 The PBC was again represented by Liquidator Santos.

The PA merely covered the non-fixed assets of the PBC and did not include the fixed assets agreed upon under Section 3(c)21of the MOA.22

The parties acknowledged, however, that there were other assets not yet covered by the PA and that the parties may agree, within a period of ninety (90) days from the effectivity date of the PA, to purchase the additional assets.23 The parties agreed that the effectivity date of the PA shall be the date of its approval by the Liquidation Court.24

The PA was approved25 by the Monetary Board on October 24, 1986, and by the RTC, as the liquidating court, on December 18, 1986.26

According to the FEBTC, it complied with its obligation under the MOA, including the payment of P260,000,000.00 as additional consideration for the purchase. The FEBTC also took possession and custody of the fixed assets of the PBC, including those mentioned in the Asian Appraisal Report, and opened its branches thereon including the servicing of the PBC's deposit liability.27

In January 1987, the FEBTC wrote a letter to Liquidator Santos, following up the execution of the deeds of sale over the fixed assets of the PBC.28

Initially, Liquidator Santos positively responded to the FEBTC request by furnishing it with copies of the transfer certificates of title of the fixed assets.29 However, he failed to execute the purchase agreement covering the disputed fixed assets.30

The respondent Philippine Deposit Insurance Commission (PDIC), thereafter, took over as the new PBC Liquidator. The PDIC President Mr. Vitaliano Na�agas II (Liquidator Na�agas) replaced Liquidator Santos.

Liquidator Na�agas informed the FEBTC that all the fixed assets of the PBC can be purchased only at their present appraisal value which is much higher than their sound value.31 He also proceeded to start the bidding or negotiated sale to third persons of the PBC's fixed assets, including those enumerated in the Asian Appraisal's Report.32

This move prompted the FEBTC to file before the RTC (the Liquidating Court) a motion to compel the Liquidator to execute the implementing deeds of sale over the disputed PBC fixed assets,33with application for the issuance of preliminary injunction and/or temporary restraining order (TRO).34

The disputed fixed assets are the PBC branches located at the following sites:
1. Soler (Arranque)

2. BacolodCity

3. Cabanatuan City

4. San Pablo City

5. Cebu-Manalili

6. Davao-Sta. Ana

7. San Fernando, La Union

8. Legaspi City

9. Iloilo City-Central Market

10. PBC Condominium Bldg.-Paseo de Roxas
The PBC Condominium Bldg.-Paseo de Roxas was sold to Security Bank and Trust Company in the RTC-approved compromise agreement with PDIC and FEBTC; thus, this PBC asset is no longer in dispute.35

The RTC issued a TRO, directing the PDIC to desist from proceeding with the bidding or negotiated sale of the PBC fixed assets.36

However, on November 16, 1993, the RTC denied the FEBTC's prayer for the issuance of a writ of preliminary injunction and declared the TRO automatically dissolved.37The RTC likewise ruled that the disputed assets had been submitted as collaterals with the Central Bank and are therefore excluded from the purchase pursuant to Section 1(a)(vii)38of the MOA.39

The CA and the Court affirmed the RTC's order denying the preliminary injunction.40

The Motion-for-Intervention of Central Bank Board of Liquidators before the Court

On December 4, 2013, the Central Bank Board of Liquidators (CB-BOL) filed before the Court a motion for leave to intervene with motion for extension to file its memorandum-in-intervention.41 In its memorandum-in-intervention,42 the CB-BOL alleged that the PBC had assigned to it the disputed fixed assets by virtue of a deed of assignment.43

The FEBTC filed its opposition44 to the motion for leave to intervene.

The Court granted the motion for leave to intervene in its Resolution dated August 13, 2014.45 The Court ruled that the CB-BOL is a necessary party in the case since it is the transferee of the properties in litigation. Additionally, since the case arose from the liquidation proceedings before the RTC, it is only proper that the Court decide who - between FEBTC (as the alleged purchaser) and the Central Bank (the creditor and the PBC's former liquidator) - has the superior right over the disputed properties.46

The RTC Ruling

After the trial on the merits, the RTC issued the assailed order dated February 26, 1997: (1) directing the PDIC to execute the implementing deeds of absolute sale in favor of the FEBTC; and (2) ordering the FEBTC to pay the price for the fixed assets in the amount equivalent to their sound values as stated in the Asian Appraisal Report.47

The RTC concluded that, first, there was a perfected contract of sale or direct purchase of the disputed fixed assets under both the MOA and the PA; these fixed assets were identified and valuated in the Asian Appraisal Report.48

Furthermore, the amount of P260,000,000.00 that the FEBTC previously paid pursuant to the MOA was part of the consideration and did not merely serve as authority to operate and reopen the PBC branches.49

Second, the RTC ruled that the fixed assets were not actually submitted as collaterals with the Central Bank, as admitted by Ms. Teresa Salcor who was an Account Officer of the Central Bank Board of Liquidators.50 Therefore, the disputed assets should not be excluded from the assets that the FEBTC purchased under the MOA.

According to the RTC, Ms. Salcor also admitted that the FEBTC was not notified that the disputed assets were mortgaged to the Central Bank.51

Third, the authenticity of the deeds of real estate mortgage submitted to the court was suspicious. The deeds and annexes were not signed and did not bear any notarial seal, contrary to the statement in the acknowledgment portion of the deeds.

The alleged mortgages were also not annotated on the respective titles of the mortgaged properties, and hence, were not binding on third parties such as the FEBTC.

Lastly, after the execution of the MOA and the PA in 1986, the FEBTC immediately took possession of the fixed assets and introduced improvements thereon with the knowledge of the PDIC. It was only in June 1993 that the PDIC assessed rentals for the use and occupation of the disputed assets.52

On May 21, 1997, the RTC denied the PDIC's motion for reconsideration, prompting the PDIC to file an appeal with the CA.53

The CA Ruling

The CA granted the petition and reversed the RTC's decision.54

First, the CA relied on the RTC's initial findings during the preliminary injunction proceedings that the disputed fixed assets had been submitted as collaterals with the Central Bank and are thus excluded from the purchase.55 The CA emphasized that this RTC ruling was upheld by the CA and by the Court.56

Second, the CA concluded that the parties intended the PA to be the final and absolute repository of the terms of their transactions. Although the RTC subsequently found that the fixed assets were not submitted as collaterals to the Central Bank, the fact remains that these were not included in the PA and, therefore were not purchased by the FEBTC.57

Third, since the PA was the final repository of the parties' agreement, Section 10 of the MOA (which provides that the P260 million shall be paid by the FEBTC as further consideration) should yield to Section 9 of the PA which provides that the P260 million was paid as a premium concomitant with the transfer of authority to the FEBTC to open and operate the 43 banking offices/branches of PBC.58

Based on the above reasons, the CA ruled that the RTC erred in directing the Liquidator to execute the deeds of sale over these properties.59

The Parties' Arguments

The FEBTC Arguments

The FEBTC argues that, first, the CA failed to address the real issue and had decided the case on the bases of a non-issue, by ruling that the disputed fixed assets of the PBC were not part of the assets that the FEBTC purchased under the PA.60 The real issue is whether or not there had been a perfected contract of sale under the MOA among the FEBTC, the PBC, and the Central Bank, which imposed upon the Liquidator the obligation to execute the deeds of sale over the disputed fixed assets.61

Second, the FEBTC further argues that the MOA adopted the FEBTC's bid to purchase all the PBC's fixed assets as described in the Asian Appraisal Report on the basis of its sound value less any assigned depreciation accruing thereon from August 1984 up to the valuation date. The MOA further clarified that the P260 million bid price proposed by the FEBTC was a premium to be paid as further consideration for the sale of the assets and the assumption of the liabilities of PBC.62

Lastly, the CA erred in relying on the initial findings of the RTC that the disputed fixed assets had been submitted to the Central Bank as collateral and were thus excluded from the purchase under the MOA.63

The PDIC Arguments

The PDIC countered that first, the CA was correct when it addressed the issue of whether or not the FEBTC acquired ownership over the disputed PBC fixed assets.64

Second, the CA was correct in ruling that the PA was the final and absolute repository of the terms of the sale transaction between the parties and not the MOA.65

The PDIC also adopted the CA's findings that even if the disputed assets had not been mortgaged, still FEBTC did not directly purchase these assets either under the MOA or the PA.66

The Court's Ruling

The issue in this case is whether or not the PDIC, as the Liquidator of the PBC, may be compelled to execute the deeds of sale over the nine (9)67disputed PBC fixed assets.

We rule in the affirmative, as there was a perfected contract of sale over the disputed fixed assets.

It is well-established that a contract undergoes various stages that include its negotiation or preparation, its perfection, and finally, its consummation.68

Negotiation covers the period from the time the prospective contracting parties indicate interest in the contract to the time the contract is concluded (perfected). The perfection of the contract takes place upon the concurrence of its essential elements. A contract which is consensual as to perfection is so established upon a mere meeting of minds, i.e., the concurrence of offer and acceptance, on the object and on the cause or consideration. The consummation stage begins when the parties perform their respective undertakings under the contract, culminating in its extinguishment.69

Specifically, contracts of sale are perfected by mutual consent, when the seller obligates himself, for a price certain, to deliver and transfer ownership of a specified thing or right to the buyer over which the latter agrees.70

Mutual consent, as a state of mind, may only be inferred from the confluence of two acts of the parties: an offer certain as to the object of the contract and its consideration, and an absolute acceptance of the offer, i.e., with respect to the exact object and consideration embodied in the offer. While it may not be possible to expect the acceptance to echo every nuance of the offer, it is imperative that it assents to those points in the offer that, under the operative facts of each contract, are not only material but motivating as well.71

Simply put, a contract of sale is perfected upon the meeting of the minds of the parties on the essential elements of the contract, i.e., consent, object certain, and the consideration of the contract.

Based on the above well-established principles, the Court rules that the essential elements of a contract of sale are present in the MOA as confirmed by the FEBTC's bid and the provisions of the MOA and the PA. This conclusion becomes more apparent upon a closer review of the developments in the various stages of the parties' contract of sale, as discussed below.

The negotiation stage of the contract of sale

As mentioned above, the FEBTC submitted its bid72 to the Central Bank in response to the latter's invitation to submit a formal proposal for the purchase of the assets of the PBC.

The FEBTC's bid or offer included the purchase of selected assets of the PBC consisting of the fixed and non-fixed assets, as follows:
"Our Bid is as follows:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

I. The Purchase
We will purchase all assets of PaBC less the following items

(a)
Past Due Loans
(b)
Items under Litigation
(c)
DOSRI Loans
(d)
Acquired Assets
(e)
Loans/Assets which correspond to the foreign currency deposits/liabilities excluded in accordance with No. 1, below
(f)
Other assets with unrealizable values as shall be agreed upon by us.

The value of the assets purchased will be matched with the PaBC liabilities which we will assume, to wit:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

x x x x
In addition to the above,
a)
As further consideration of our bid, we shall be authorized to operate forty-two (42) branches of PaBC in the manner and under the terms mentioned in our Bid Prices (See No. II below).
x x x x
c)
The determination of the assets and liabilities will be done by an acceptable independent auditor whose opinion shall be considered final and shall mutually bind us.
d)
Fixed assets shall be valued based on the sound values per Asian Appraisal Report of August, 1984, subject to the discounts stated in our Bid Prices.
x x x x
i)
It is understood that our bid concerns merely the purchase of certain assets and liabilities of PaBC including the authority to operate its branches. xxx
II. The Bid Price
  1. We are willing to pay CB, inclusive of the amount which will be paid to the existing shareholders, the following individual bid prices subject to the following conditions:
    1. The sum of PESOS: THREE HUNDRED SIXTY MILLION (P360,000,000.00), provided that:
      1. within two (2) years from the date of our takeover, we shall be authorized to relocate any of the PaBC branches to other service areas irregardless (sic) of category without the need of investment in government securities. Branches which will not be relocated will be opened within a period of one (1) year, and

      2. there will be a discount of ten percent (10%) on the sound value of the fixed asset as determined in letter d., above;

      OR

    2. The sum of PESOS: THREE HUNDRED TEN MILLION (P310,000,000.00), provided that,
      1. within two (2) years from the date of our takeover, we shall be authorized to relocate any of the PaBC branches to other service areas in the same category and/or lower category areas, without the need of investment in government securities. Branches which will not be relocated will be opened within a period of one (1) year, and

      2. there will be a discount of eight percent (8%) of the sound value of the fixed assets determined in letter d., above;

      OR

    3. The sum of PESOS: TWO HUNDRED SIXTY MILLION (P260,000,000.00), provided that:
      1. within a period of one (1) year from the date of takeover we shall be authorized to relocate any of the PaBC branches to other service areas of the same category and/or lower category areas, without the need of investment in government securities. Branches which will not be relocated will be opened within a period of one year, and

      2. there will be a discount of five per cent (5%) of the sound value of the fixed assets per letter d., above;

      OR

    4. The sum of PESOS: TWO HUNDRED FIFTEEN MILLION (P215,000,000.00), provided that:
      1. within a period of one (1) year from the date of takeover, we shall be authorized to relocate any of the PaBC branches to other service areas of a lower category; and

      2. there will be no discount on the sound value of the fixed assets as determined by Asian Appraisal Report of August, 1984.

  2. The terms of payment of our bid price is as follows:
    1. A downpayment of thirty percent (30%) of the bid price upon the completion and execution of all documents necessary for us to take over the purchase of all the assets and liabilities mentioned in No. 1 above; and

    2. The balance equivalent to seventy percent (70%) of the bid price to be paid in equal semi-annual installments for five (5) years at fourteen percent (14%) per annum.

  3. We are agreeable to deposit with the CB the sum of PESOS: FIVE MILLION (P5,000,000.00) upon the acceptance of our proposal, applicable against the premium payable to CB, and further conditioned, that in the event we fail to implement our proposal within sixty (60) days from the date that all the legal requirements and conditions of our takeover of the assets of the PBC have been complied with and delivered to us, the P5 million will be forfeited in favor of CB. xxx" [Emphasis supplied]
In all the alternative bids above, the FEBTC consistently stated its intent: (1) to include the purchase of the fixed assets enumerated in the Asian Appraisal's Report of August 1984; and (2) that these fixed assets are to be valued based on their sound values pursuant to the Asian Appraisal Report of August 1984, subject to discount.

The perfection stage of the contract of sale

Subsequently, the FEBTC, the PBC, and the Central Bank entered into a MOA that essentially adopted the FEBTC's bid.

Specifically, Section 1(a)73 of the MOA adopted the FEBTC's bid to purchase all the PBC assets, subject to proposed exclusions from the fixed assets to be purchased. Section 1(a) added a category of assets that were excluded from the purchase - assets that had been submitted to the Central Bank as collaterals.

Section 1(b)74 of the MOA likewise adopted the FEBTC's offer to match the value of the assets purchased with the PBC's liabilities.

Among the alternative bids of the FEBTC in its bid offer, the parties chose bid II(1)(d)75above, as incorporated in Sections 10(a)76and (b)77of the MOA. Furthermore, on the terms of payment, the FEBTC's offer in 11(2) was substantially incorporated in Sections 10(c)(i),7810(c)(ii),79and 10(d)80of the MOA.

The MOA covered, therefore, the purchase of the non-fixed assets and the disputed fixed assets, their valuation and the manner of payment, including discounts. The MOA contained the PBC's acceptance, as represented by the Liquidator and by the Central Bank, of the relevant provisions of the FEBTC bid; and the FEBTC's acceptance of any changes or counter-offer made by the Liquidator and by the Central Bank.

We thus find it clear that the essential elements for the perfection of a contract of sale, i.e., object, consideration, and consent were present in the MOA. These elements are discussed in detail below.

a) Object of the contract

The object of the contract covered the purchase of the PBC's assets as defined under Sections 1(a),81 3(a)82 and 3(c)83 of the MOA, specifically the following:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

First, the non-fixed assets;84

Second, the fixed assets as contained in the Asian Appraisal's Report, which include the disputed fixed assets;85 and

Third, the authority to re-open/relocate any of the PBC's branches to other service areas within eighteen (18) months from the date of the execution of the Absolute Purchase Agreement.86

b) Consideration and Manner of Payment

i. for the non-fixed assets

For the non-fixed assets, Section 1(b)87of the MOA provides that it shall be compensated and matched by the FEBTC's simultaneous assumption of the liabilities of the PBC in an amount that should be at least equivalent to the value of the assets purchased as determined and valuated by the SGV & Co., whose opinion shall be considered final and mutually binding on the parties. The reckoning period of the valuation was provided under Section 3(b)88 of the MOA.

ii. for the fixed assets

The consideration for the fixed assets shall be their sound value less any assigned depreciation accruing thereon from August 1984, up to the valuation date as described in the Asian Appraisal's Report of August 1984, which was incorporated in the MOA by way of reference.89

There shall also be a discount of five percent (5%) of the value of the fixed assets pursuant to the valuation of the Asian Appraisal of August 1984, less their assigned depreciation from the date of the Appraisal's report to the date of the execution of the Absolute Purchase Agreement.90

iii. additional consideration for the purchase of the PBC's assets

In addition to the consideration for the fixed and non-fixed assets, the parties likewise agreed that the FEBTC shall pay an additional or further consideration of P260,000,000.00 for the sale of assets and the assumption of the liabilities of the PBC.91

The MOA also set the manner of payment for the additional consideration above,92 with an agreement that upon the execution of the MOA, the FEBTC shall pay P5,000,000.00, which shall be applied against the downpayment for the P260,000,000.00 additional consideration.93

Thus viewed, the parties clearly had a meeting of minds on the essential elements of the contract, perfecting therefore their contract of sale. This meeting was embodied in their MOA which contained the absolute acceptance of the offer and the essential elements of the contract of sale.

Consummation stage, which includes the execution of an absolute purchase agreement over the non-fixed assets

That the contract was already perfected could be confirmed by supervening events enumerated below which prove that the parties consummated the perfected contract of sale:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

First, the FEBTC's down payment of P5,000,000.00 upon the execution of the MOA was intended to be part of the purchase price as it was part of the additional consideration of P260,000,000.00 referred to in Section 10(c)(i)94 of the MOA. The P5 million downpaymerit therefore is earnest money and is proof of the perfection of contract pursuant to Article 148295 of the New Civil Code.

Second, as correctly found by the RTC,96 the FEBTC took possession of the subject fixed assets immediately after the execution of the MOA and the PA. In fact, the FEBTC introduced improvements thereon with the knowledge of the Liquidator, without the latter demanding any payment of rent from the FEBTC. It was only in 1993 that the Liquidator demanded the payment of rentals.

Third, the parties executed the PA over the non-fixed assets as contemplated under Section 1(a)97 of the MOA.

Although the PA did not cover the purchase of the fixed assets, the parties ensured in Section 498of the PA that they may still execute another purchase agreement for the assets that, due to time constraints, were not included in the PA. That the parties contemplated a purchase agreement for the fixed assets is evident since these are the only remaining assets purchased under the MOA that have not been covered by a purchase agreement.

Fourth, upon the request of FEBTC preparatory to the execution of the purchase agreement for the fixed assets, Liquidator Santos (who signed both the MOA and the PA) delivered to FEBTC the corresponding transfer certificates of titles over the disputed assets.

In these lights, the CA clearly erred when it ruled that there was no perfected contract of sale over the disputed fixed assets simply because the PA did not include these fixed assets.

A contract of sale is perfected by the meeting of the minds of the parties regardless of whether it was reduced to writing.

In Limketkai Sons Milling, Inc. v. CA,99 we ruled that the fact that the deed of sale still had to be signed and notarized did not mean that no contract had been perfected. A binding contract may exist between the parties whose minds have met, although they did not affix their signatures to any written document, as acceptance may be expressed or implied.

Furthermore, a sale of land, once consummated, is valid regardless of the form it may have been entered into. The law or jurisprudence does not mandate that the contract of sale be put in writing before such contract can validly cede or transmit rights over a certain real property between the parties themselves.100

In view of the perfection of the contract of sale, the execution of the PA over the fixed assets, like the executed PA over the non-fixed assets, falls under the consummation stage and not the perfection stage.

We emphasize that a contract is the law between the parties. Absent any allegation and proof that the contract is contrary to law, morals, good customs, public order or public policy, it should be complied with in good faith.101

Pursuant to the obligatory nature of the contract under Article 1356102 of the New Civil Code, the terms of the perfected contract of sale over the disputed fixed assets are reciprocally demandable from both parties. Therefore, the Liquidator and the CB-BOL as the intervenor, must execute the corresponding deeds of sale in favor of the FEBTC and the FEBTC must pay the agreed purchase price of these assets.

The PA did not modify but confirmed the contract of sale that was perfected under the MOA

We now address the CA's ruling that the PA was the final repository of the transactions of the parties or, in other words, that the sale was perfected only with the execution of the PA.

We disagree with the CA on this point.

The perfected contract of sale of the disputed assets under the MOA remained unaltered by the PA. To emphasize, the execution of the PA falls under the consummation stage of the contract.

The PA also did not modify the MOA. In fact, the PA even strengthened the perfection of the contract of sale with respect to the fixed assets, as shown by the provisions of the PA. Consider that:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

First, in Section 4103 of the PA, the parties acknowledged that there were other assets covered by the MOA but were not covered by the PA. The only logical interpretation of Section 4 is that the parties contemplated the purchase agreement for the fixed assets as these are the only remaining assets purchased under the MOA that have yet to be covered by a purchase agreement.

Second, the same Section 4 of the PA provided a period within which the parties should enter into a purchase agreement for the sale of the additional assets, i.e., within ninety (90) days from the effectivity of the PA.

According to Section 12(a)104 of the PA, the effective date of the PA is the date of its approval by the Liquidating Court.

The RTC, as the liquidating court, approved the PA on December 18, 1986.

Notably, on January 15, 1987, which is well within the 90-day period provided under Section 4 of the PA, the FEBTC wrote then Liquidator Santos for the purchase of the fixed assets as agreed upon in Section 3(c) of the MOA. The letter states that:
"Gentlemen:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

Under the conditions under which we were requested by the Central Bank to bid for the assets of the PaBC and pursuant to Section 3(c) of our Memorandum of Agreement dated 16 April 1986, we would like to proceed with the 2nd tranche on the purchase of the fixed assets of PaBC on the sale to us of the following branch sites:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

1) Soler, Quiapo; 2) Bacolod City; 3) Cabanatuan City; 4) Dagupan City; 5) San Pablo City; 6) Cebu City; 7) Davao City; 8) San Fernando, La Union; 9) Laoag; 10) Legaspi City; 11) Iloilo City. The above purchase price is net of depreciation as of September 30, 1986, and the 5% discount as agreed upon in the aforementioned Memorandum Agreement. xxx"105ChanRoblesVirtualawlibrary
This letter was admitted as evidence by the Liquidating Court in its order dated September 7, 1993.106

Therefore, the FEBTC timely demanded the implementation of the perfected contract of sale over the fixed assets of the PBC, consistent with Section 3(c)107 of the MOA and within the conditions set under Sections 4108 andl2(a)109 of the PA.

The disputed fixed assets were not submitted as collaterals with the Central Bank and are thus not excluded from the purchase

The CA also erred in relying on the initial RTC findings that the disputed fixed assets were excluded from the sale because they were submitted as collaterals to the CB. This RTC ruling was issued when it denied the FEBTCs prayer for preliminary injunction. The CA gave weight to the fact that this RTC ruling was affirmed both by the CA and the Court.

Again, we disagree with the CA's conclusions.

The affirmation by the CA and by this Court of the RTC's order denying a preliminary injunction on the ground that the disputed assets were submitted as collaterals does not preclude the RTC from issuing a different ruling after trial on the merits.

In Olalia, et al. v. Hizon, et al.110 the Court ruled that the determination of the issuance of a writ of preliminary injunction is based on evidence tending to show that the action complained of must be stayed so that the movant will not suffer irreparable injury or that the final judgment granting him relief will not become ineffectual. Necessarily, the evidence needs only be a "sampling," and is submitted merely to give the court an idea of the justification for the preliminary injunction pending the decision of the case on the merits. The evidence submitted at the hearing on the motion for the preliminary injunction is not conclusive of the principal action, which has yet to be decided.

The appellate court's review of the trial court's issuance of a preliminary injunction does not include a final determination of the merits of the case; it is only a determination of whether the preliminary injunction has been properly issued.111

In the present case, the Court finds that the RTC's findings after trial on the merits are more credible as opposed to the CA's misguided reliance on the ruling of the RTC in the preliminary injunction.

After trial on the merits, the RTC ruled that the disputed fixed assets had not been submitted as collaterals to the Central Bank. The findings of the RTC were based on: (1) the testimonies and admissions of Ms. Teresa Salcor, who was then an Account Officer of the Central Bank Board of Liquidators; and (2) the RTC's examination of the purported deeds of real estate mortgage over the disputed fixed assets.

First, the RTC found that the FEBTC was not informed that the disputed assets were one of those submitted as collaterals to the Central Bank, as testified to by Ms. Teresa Salcor.112

She also admitted during her testimony that there was no annotation of the real estate mortgage on the titles of the disputed assets;113 hence, the RTC correctly ruled that these purported mortgages cannot bind the FEBTC.

Second, the RTC found that there were doubts on the authenticity of the deeds of real estate mortgage involving the disputed fixed assets. The acknowledgment portion of the deeds indicated that this document and its annexes were signed by the parties.

However, the RTC found that the annexes were not so signed and did not bear any notarial seal. It was therefore easy to insert an entirely different page as an annex of the deeds. Moreover, the integrity of the real estate mortgage was put in question.

Third, the RTC ruled that the deeds of real estate mortgage were not registered with the Register of Deeds, making it binding only between the Central Bank and the PBC. It cannot bind the FEBTC who was not notified of the alleged mortgage.114

In these lights, we find that the disputed fixed assets were not submitted as collaterals to the Central Bank and are thus not excluded from the assets purchased by the FEBTC.

Legal consequences

As discussed, the contract of sale was perfected upon the execution of the MOA. Hence, the terms and conditions of the contract of sale under the MOA, as confirmed by the PA, are reciprocally demandable from both parties.

Therefore, the Liquidator and the CB-BOL as the intervenor, must execute the corresponding deeds of sale in favor of the FEBTC; and the FEBTC must pay the purchase price of the disputed fixed assets. Specifically, these fixed assets are the PBC branches located at:
1. Soler (Arranque)

2. BacolodCity

3. Cabanatuan City

4. San Pablo City

5. Cebu-Manalili

6. Davao-Sta. Ana

7. San Fernando, La Union

8. Legaspi City

9. Iloilo City-Central Market
With respect to the purchase price of these fixed assets, we note that the purchase price and manner of payment were provided under Sections 3(c) and 10(b) of the MOA, to wit:
i. Section 3(c)

Section 3- Valuation of Assets and Liabilities

c. It is further understood that the BUYER shall purchase on the basis of its sound value less any assigned depreciation accruing thereon from August 1984, up to the valuation date, all the fixed assets of the SELLER as described in the Asian Appraisal's Report of August 1984, which is herein incorporated by way of reference, but shall not purchase fixed assets not yet appraised, equipment, furniture and other fixtures provided that the BUYER within a period of ninety (90) days from the date hereof shall have the first option to buy any of the said assets of the SELLER which shall form part of the assets bought under this Memorandum Agreement, (emphasis and underscoring supplied)

ii. Section 10(b)

Section 10 - Additional Consideration

b) Furthermore, the BUYER shall be entitled to a discount equivalent to five percent (5%) of the value of the fixed assets, referred to in Section 3 above, per valuation of the Asian Appraisal of August, 1984, less their assigned depreciation from the date of the Appraisal's Report to the date of the execution of the Absolute Purchase Agreement. (emphasis and underscoring supplied)
Since the Court does not have sufficient records for the computation of the assigned depreciation from the date of the Asian Appraisal's Report until the execution of the Absolute Purchase Agreement, we deem it proper to remand the case to the RTC for the computation of the purchase price strictly according to the provisions of Sections 3(c) and 10(b) of the MOA.

The FEBTC is ordered to pay the purchase price computed by the RTC, and the Liquidator is ordered to deliver the deeds of sale covering the disputed properties upon payment by the FEBTC of the purchase price.

The RTC is directed to conduct the proceedings in this case with dispatch.

WHEREFORE, premises considered, we hereby GRANT the FEBTC's petition for review on certiorari, and REVERSE the May 31, 2006 Decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. C.V. No. 56624.

The case is REMANDED to the Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 31, Manila, for purposes of computing the purchase price of the disputed fixed assets in accordance with the provisions of Sections 3(c) and 10(b) of the MOA.

Specifically, these assets are the PBC branches located in: (1) Soler (Arranque); (2) Bacolod City; (3) Cabanatuan City; (4) San Pablo City; (5) Cebu-Manalili; (6) Davao-Sta. Ana; (7) San Fernando, La Union; (8) Legaspi City; and (9) Iloilo City-Central Market.

The RTC is directed to proceed with the computation with DISPATCH.

SO ORDERED.chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary

Carpio, (Chairperson), Del Castillo, Mendoza, and Leonen, JJ., concur.chanrobleslaw

Endnotes:


1Rollo, pp. 9-37.

2 Id. at 39-47, penned by Associate Justice Elvi John S. Asuncion and concurred in by Associate Justices Noel G. Tijam and Mariflor P. Punzalan Castillo.

3 Id. at 40.

4 Id. at 40, 48.

5 Exhibits B and 5 (common exhibit).

6Rollo, pp. 40 and 48.

7 Id. at 48.

8 Id. at 501.

9See Record on Appeal, at p. 315 identifying Soler Branch as the branch located at Soler, Sta. Cruz Manila.

10 Id. at 40 and 49.

11 Id. at 78.

12 Section 1 - Purchase Agreement

a. Within ninety (90) calendar days from the date of the execution of this Memorandum of Agreement, subject to such extension of time as shall be mutually agreed upon by the parties, the BUYER shall purchase all the assets of the SELLER as shall be defined and specifically described in the corresponding Purchase Agreement to be executed by the parties, inclusive of the SELLER'S authority to operate its forty-three (43) banking offices/branches but exclusive of the following items:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

13Supra note 6.

14 Section 3- Valuation of Assets and Liabilities

a. It is hereby agreed that the determination and valuation of the assets and liabilities of the SELLER, excluding the fixed assets, shall be made by the auditing firm of SGV and Co., whose opinion shall be considered final and mutually binding on the parties. The audit expense shall be for the account of the BUYER. The auditor must submit its opinion within a period of ninety (90) days from the date of this Memorandum of Agreement, provided that all the schedules requested shall have been submitted to SGV & Co. and unless otherwise extended by the parties for causes beyond the control of the auditing firm.

15Rollo, pp. 80-81.

16 Section 3- Valuation of Assets and Liabilities

c. It is further understood that the BUYER shall purchase on the basis of its sound value less any assigned depreciation accruing thereon from August, 1984 up to the valuation date, all the fixed assets of the SELLER as described in the Asian Appraisal's Report of August, 1984 which is herein incorporated by way of reference, but shall not purchase fixed assets not yet appraised, equipment, furniture and other fixtures provided that the BUYER within a period of ninety (90) days from the date hereof shall have the first option to buy any of the said assets of the SELLER which shall form part of the assets bought under this Memorandum Agreement.

17Rollo, p. 48.

18 Section 1 - Purchase Agreement

a. Within ninety (90) calendar days from the date of the execution of this Memorandum of Agreement, subject to such extension of time as shall be mutually agreed upon by the parties, the BUYER shall purchase all the assets of the SELLER as shall be defined and specifically described in the corresponding Purchase Agreement to be executed by the parties, inclusive of the SELLER'S authority to operate its forty-three (43) banking offices/branches but exclusive of the following items:
x x x x

vii. Assets submitted as collaterals with the Central Bank;

x x x x
19 Section 1 - Purchase Agreement

a. Within ninety (90) calendar days from the date of the execution of this Memorandum of Agreement, subject to such extension of time as shall be mutually agreed upon by the parties, the BUYER shall purchase all the assets of the SELLER as shall be defined and specifically described in the corresponding Purchase Agreement to be executed by the parties, inclusive of the SELLER'S authority to operate its forty-three (43) banking offices/branches but exclusive of the following items: xxx

20Rollo, pp. 40 and 49.

21 Section 3- Valuation of Assets and Liabilities

c. It is further understood that the BUYER shall purchase on the basis of its sound value less any assigned depreciation accruing thereon from August, 1984 up to the valuation date, all the fixed assets of the SELLER as described in the Asian Appraisal's Report of August, 1984 which is herein incorporated by way of reference, but shall not purchase fixed assets not yet appraised, equipment, furniture and other fixtures provided that the BUYER within a period of ninety (90) days from the date hereof shall have the first option to buy any of the said assets of the SELLER which shall form part of the assets bought under this Memorandum Agreement.

22 Section 1 (Assets Purchased) of the PA at p. 93, provides that:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

The BUYER hereby purchases and the SELLER hereby sells, transfers, and conveys unto the BUYER, its successors, and assigns, for a total sum of PESOS: SIX HUNDRED FIFTY-FIVE MILLION, NINE HUNDRED TWENTY-NINE THOUSAND, FOUR HUNDRED NINETY- THREE (P655,929,493.00), the assets of the SELLER as described in Annex "A" hereto attached and made a part hereof. Aforesaid assets are more particularly described in the SGV report on the assets and liabilities of the SELLER, conducted pursuant to the aforementioned Memorandum of Agreement, which report is incorporated herein by way of reference.

23 See Section 4 of the PA at p. 94 provides that:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

Section 4- Additional Assets for Purchase - In view of the time constraint within which the parties can agree on the purchase of assets other than those referred to in the other provisions of this Purchase Agreement, the parties may agree, for a period of ninety (90) days from the effectivity date hereof, on the purchase by the BUYER of such additional assets, subject to the terms and conditions agreed upon by the parties.

24 See Section 12(a) of the PA, at p. 97 which provides that:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

Section 12- Effectivity and Construction- (a) This Purchase Agreement shall become valid, enforceable and effective only upon its approval by the Liquidation Court. The term "effectivity date" as used therein, shall refer to the date on which such approval is given by the Liquidation Court.

25 Resolution No. 596.

26Rollo, pp. 40 and 50.

27 Id. at 40.

28 Id. at 50.

29 Id. at. 50.

30 Id.

31 Id. at 50-51.

32 Id. at 40.

33 Id. at 41 and 51.

34 Id. at 103.

35 Id.

36 Id. at 41.

37 Id.

38Supra note 19.

39 Id. at 43.

40 Id.

41 Id. at 895-920.

42 Id. at 996-1014.

43 Id. at 895-896.

44 Id. at 937-947.

45 Id. at 951-953.

46 Id. at 952.

47 Id. at 41 and 65.

48 Id. at 41 and 56.

49 Id. at 63-64.

50 Id. at 59.

51 Id. at 60.

52 Id. at 40.

53 Id. at 41, 65.

54 Id. at 41.

55 RTC Order dated November 16, 1993.

56Rollo, p. 43.

57 Id.

58 Id. at 46.

59 Id.

60 Id. at 23.

61 Id. at 25, 26, 477.

62 Id. at 30-31.

63 Id. at 32-33.

64 Id. at 394.

65 Id. at 391.

66 Id. at 698.

67 In view of the sale of the PBC Condominium Bldg-Paseo de Roxas to Security Bank, this property is no longer in dispute; see page 4.

68Limketkai Sons Milling, Inc. v. CA et al., G.R. No. 118509, 250 SCRA 523, 535-536, December 1, 1995.

69 Id.

70Villanueva v. Philippine National Bank, 539 Phil. 334, 340-341 (2006).

71 Id.

72Rollo, pp. 494-498.

73 Section 1 - Purchase Agreement

a. Within ninety (90) calendar days from the date of the execution of this Memorandum of Agreement, subject to such extension of time as shall be mutually agreed upon by the parties, the BUYER shall purchase all the assets of the SELLER as shall be defined and specifically described in the corresponding Purchase Agreement to be executed by the parties, inclusive of the SELLER'S authority to operate its forty-three (43) banking offices/branches but exclusive of the following items:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

74 Section 1 - Purchase Agreement

b) The value of the assets so purchased shall be compensated and matched by the simultaneous assumption by the BUYER of the liabilities in an amount which should be at least equivalent to the value of the assets purchased in accordance with the priorities stated, as follows xxx

75Rollo, p. 497.

76 Section 10- Additional Consideration

a. As further consideration for the sale of the assets and the assumption of the liabilities of the SELLER, the BUYER shall pay the SELLER a premium in the maximum amount of PESOS: TWO HUNDRED SIXTY MILLION (P260,000,000.00), provided that all other claims and expenses which will be incurred except those agreed upon by the parties under this Memorandum of Agreement or from time to time, shall be charged against the said premium.

77 Section 10- Additional Consideration

b. Furthermore, the BUYER shall be entitled to a discount equivalent to five percent (5%) of the value of the fixed assets, referred to in Section 3 above, per valuation of the Asian Appraisal of August, 1984, less their assigned depreciation from the date of the Appraisal's Report to the date of the execution of the Absolute Purchase Agreement.

78 Section 10- Additional Consideration

c. The amount of P260 million shall be paid by the BUYER to the SELLER in the following manner: i. Thirty percent (30%) of this amount shall be paid to the SELLER, as down payment, upon the execution of the Absolute Purchase Agreement and other documents which will empower the BUYER to acquire and have custody and ownership of the assets and assume the liabilities mentioned in Section 1 above.

79 Section 10- Additional Consideration

c. The amount of P260 million shall be paid by the BUYER to the SELLER in the following manner:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

ii. The balance of seventy percent (70%) shall be paid to the SELLER in equal and semi-annual installments, with fourteen percent (14%) interest per annum, for five (5) years commencing from the date the thirty percent (30%) downpayment was paid with a right of prepayment at anytime in whole or in part without penalty.

80 Section 10- Additional Consideration

d. Upon the execution of this Memorandum of Agreement, the BUYER shall deliver and pay to the SELLER the amount of PESOS: FIVE MILLION (P5,000,000.00) which shall be applied against the downpayment. Except for causes beyond its control, in the event the BUYER shall fail within ninety (90) days from the date hereof to execute the Absolute Purchase Agreement, the said amount of P5 million shall automatically be forfeited in favor of the SELLER.

81 Section 1 - Purchase Agreement

a. Within ninety (90) calendar days from the date of the execution of this Memorandum of Agreement, subject to such extension of time as shall be mutually agreed upon by the parties, the BUYER shall purchase all the assets of the SELLER as shall be defined and specifically described in the corresponding Purchase Agreement to be executed by the parties, inclusive of the SELLER'S authority to operate its forty-three (43) banking offices/branches but exclusive of the following items: xxx

82 Section 3- Valuation of Assets and Liabilities

a. It is hereby agreed that the determination and valuation of the assets and liabilities of the SELLER, excluding the fixed assets, shall be made by the auditing firm of SGV and Co., whose opinion shall be considered final and mutually binding on the parties. The audit expense shall be for the account of the BUYER. The auditor must submit its opinion within a period of ninety (90) days from the date of this Memorandum of Agreement, provided that all the schedules requested shall have been submitted to SGV & Co. and unless otherwise extended by the parties for causes beyond the control of the auditing firm.

83Supra note 21.

84Rollo, p. 80.

85 Id. at 80-81.

86 Id. at 83.

87Supra note 74.

88 Section 3- Valuation of Assets and Liabilities

b. The valuation of the assets and liabilities shall be made as of January 31, 1986.

89 Section 3(c) of the MOA provides that:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

Section 3- Valuation of Assets and Liabilities

c. It is further understood that the BUYER shall purchase on the basis of its sound value less any assigned depreciation accruing thereon from August, 1984 up to the valuation date, all the fixed assets of the SELLER as described in the Asian Appraisal's Report of August, 1984 which is herein incorporated by way of reference, but shall not purchase fixed assets not yet appraised, equipment, furniture and other fixtures provided that the BUYER within a period of ninety (90) days from the date hereof shall have the first option to buy any of the said assets of the SELLER which shall form part of the assets bought under this Memorandum Agreement.

90 Section 10(b) of the MOA provides that: Section 10- Additional Consideration

b. Furthermore, the BUYER shall be entitled to a discount equivalent to five percent (5%) of the value of the fixed assets, referred to in Section 3 above, per valuation of the Asian Appraisal of August, 1984, less their assigned depreciation from the date of the Appraisal's Report to the date of the execution of the Absolute Purchase Agreement.

91 Section 10(a) of the MOA provides that:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

Section 10- Additional Consideration a. As further consideration for the sale of the assets and the assumption of the liabilities of the SELLER, the BUYER shall pay the SELLER a premium in the maximum amount of PESOS: TWO HUNDRED SIXTY MILLION (P260,000,000.00), provided that all other claims and expenses which will be incurred except those agreed upon by the parties under this Memorandum of Agreement or from time to time, shall be charged against the said premium.

92 Section 10(c) of the MOA provides that:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

Section 10- Additional Consideration

c. The amount of P260 million shall be paid by the BUYER to the SELLER in the following manner:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

i. Thirty percent (30%) of this amount shall be paid to the SELLER, as down payment, upon the execution of the Absolute Purchase Agreement and other documents which will empower the BUYER to acquire and have custody and ownership of the assets and assume the liabilities mentioned in Section 1 above.

ii. The balance of seventy percent (70%) shall be paid to the SELLER in equal and semi-annual installments, with fourteen percent (14%) interest per annum, for five (5) years commencing from the date the thirty percent (30%) downpayment was paid with a right of prepayment at anytime in whole or in part without penalty.

93 Section 10(d) of the MOA provides that:chanRoblesvirtualLawlibrary

Section 10- Additional Consideration

d. Upon the execution of this Memorandum of Agreement, the BUYER shall deliver and pay to the SELLER the amount of PESOS: FIVE MILLION (P5,000,000.00) which shall be applied against the downpayment. Except for causes beyond its control, in the event the BUYER shall fail within ninety (90) the date hereof to execute the Absolute Purchase Agreement, the said amount of P5 million shall be forfeited in favor of the SELLER.

94Supra note 93.

95 Article 1482. Whenever earnest money is given in a contract of sale, it shall be considered as part of the price and as proof of the perfection of the contract.

96Rollo, p. 64.

97 Section 1 - Purchase Agreement

a. Within ninety (90) calendar days from the date of the execution of this Memorandum of Agreement, subject to such extension of time as shall be mutually agreed upon by the parties, the BUYER shall purchase all the assets of the SELLER as shall be defined and specifically described in the corresponding Purchase Agreement to be executed by the parties, inclusive of the SELLER'S authority to operate its forty-three (43) banking offices/branches but exclusive of the following items: xxx

98 Section 4- Additional Assets for Purchase

In view of the time constraint within which the parties can agree on the purchase of assets other than those referred to in the other provisions of this Purchase Agreement, the parties may agree, for a period of ninety (90) days from the effectivity date hereof, on the purchase by the BUYER of such additional assets, subject to the terms and conditions agreed upon by the parties.

99Supra note 69.

100Heirs of Cecilio Claudel et al. v. CA, 276 Phil. 114, 121, (1991).

111Calilap-Asmeron v. Development Bank of the Philippines et al., 677 Phil. 56, 16 (2011).

102 Art. 1356. Contracts shall be obligatory, in whatever form they may have been entered into, provided all the essential requisites for their validity are present. However, when the law requires that a contract be in some form in order that it may be valid or enforceable, or that a contract be proved in a certain way, that requirement is absolute and indispensable. In such cases, the right of the parties stated in the following article cannot be exercised.

103 Section 4- Additional Assets for Purchase

In view of the time constraint within which the parties can agree on the purchase of assets other than those referred to in the other provisions of this Purchase Agreement, the parties may agree, for a period of ninety (90) days from the effectivity date hereof, on the purchase by the BUYER of such additional assets, subject to the terms and conditions agreed upon by the parties.

104 Section 12- Effectivity and Construction- (a) This Purchase Agreement shall become valid, enforceable and effective only upon its approval by the Liquidation Court. The term "effectivity date" as used therein, shall refer to the date on which such approval is given by the Liquidation Court.

105 RTC Records, Record on appeal, p. 310.

106 Id. at 539.

107 Section 3- Valuation of Assets and Liabilities

c. It is further understood that the BUYER shall purchase on the basis of its sound value less any assigned depreciation accruing thereon from August, 1984 up to the valuation date, all the fixed assets of the SELLER as described in the Asian Appraisal's Report of August, 1984 which is herein incorporated by way of reference, but shall not purchase fixed assets not yet appraised, equipment, furniture and other fixtures provided that the BUYER within a period of ninety (90) days from the date hereof shall have the first option to buy any of the said assets of the SELLER which shall form part of the assets bought under this Memorandum Agreement.

108Supra note 103.

109Supra note 104.

110 274 Phil. 66, 72 (1991).

111 Id at. 73-74.

112Rollo, p. 61.

113 Id.

114 Id. at 62.



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  • G.R. No. 211535, July 22, 2015 - BANK OF COMMERCE, Petitioner, v. MARILYN P. NITE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 200773, July 08, 2015 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. ANGELINE L. DAYAOEN, AGUST1NA TAUEL, AND LAWANA T. BATCAGAN, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 192099, July 08, 2015 - PAULINO M. EJERCITO, JESSIE M. EJERCITO AND JOHNNY D. CHANG, Petitioners, v. ORIENTAL ASSURANCE CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 186322, July 08, 2015 - ENRICO S. EULOGIO AND NATIVIDAD V. EULOGIO, Petitioners, v. PATERNO C. BELL, SR., ROGELIA CALINGASAN-BELL, PATERNO WILLIAM BELL, JR., FLORENCE FELICIA VICTORIA BELL, PATERNO FERDINAND BELL III, AND PATERNO BENERA�O BELL IV, Respondents.

  • G.R. Nos. 209353-54, July 06, 2015 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, REP. BY THE COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE AIRLINES, INC. (PAL), Respondent.; [G.R. Nos. 211733-34] - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE AIRLINES, INC. (PAL), Respondent.

  • A.M. No. MTJ-14-1839, July 22, 2015 - ATTY. LUCITA E. MARCELO, Complainant, v. JUDGE PELAGIA J. DALMACIO-JOAQUIN, PRESIDING JUDGE, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT IN CITIES, BRANCH 1, SAN JOSE DEL MONTE, BULACAN, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 189262, July 06, 2015 - GBMLT MANPOWER SERVICES, INC., Petitioner, v. MA. VICTORIA H. MALINAO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 207286, July 29, 2015 - DELA ROSA LINER, INC. AND/OR ROSAURO DELA ROSA, SR. AND NORA DELA ROSA, Petitioners, v. CALIXTO B. BORELA AND ESTELO A. AMARILLE, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 210929, July 29, 2015 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. EDNA ORCELINO-VILLANUEVA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 167679, July 22, 2015 - ING BANK N.V., ENGAGED IN BANKING OPERATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES AS ING BANK N.V. MANILA BRANCH, Petitioner, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 185224, July 29, 2015 - AMELIA CARMELA CONSTANTINO ZOLETA, Petitioner, v. THE HONORABLE SANDIGANBAYAN [FOURTH DIVISION] AND PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 190983, July 29, 2015 - SURENDRA GOBINDRAM DASWANI, Petitioner, v. BANCO DE ORO UNIVERSAL BANK AND REGISTER OF DEEDS OF MAKATI CITY, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 188698, July 22, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Appellee, v. SONIA BERNEL NUARIN, Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 186305, July 22, 2015 - V-GENT, INC., Petitioner, v. MORNING STAR TRAVEL AND TOURS, INC., Respondent.

  • A.M. No. P-15-3304 (Formerly: OCA I.P.I No. 11-3670-P), July 01, 2015 - MELQUIADES A. ROBLES, Complainant, v. 1) CLERK OF COURT V DUKE THADDEUS R. MAOG, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 155, PASIG CITY, 2) SHERIFF IV DOMINGO R. GARCIA, JR., REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 157, PASIG CITY, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 172983, July 22, 2015 - FAR EAST BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 175188, July 15, 2015 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. LA TONDE�A DISTILLERS, INC. (LTDI [NOW GINEBRA SAN MIGUEL], Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 209137, July 01, 2015 - EDUARDO CELEDONIO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 210412, July 29, 2015 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. KAMRAN F. KARBASI, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 210646, July 29, 2015 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. AIR LIQUIDE PHILIPPINES, INC., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 207791, July 15, 2015 - THE CITY OF DAVAO, REPRESENTED BY THE CITY TREASURER OF DAVAO CITY, Petitioner, v. THE INTESTATE ESTATE OF AMADO S. DALISAY, REPRESENTED BY SPECIAL ADMINISTRATOR ATTY. NICASIO B. PADERNA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 206442, July 01, 2015 - JOVITO CANCERAN, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 201494, July 29, 2015 - MARITES R. CUSAP, Petitioner, v. ADIDAS PHILIPPINES, INC., (ADIDAS), PROMOTION RESOURCES & INTER-MARKETING EXPONENTS, INC. (PRIME) AND JC ATHLETES, INC. (JCA), Respondents.

  • A.M. No. P-07-2293 (Formerly A.M. No. 06-12-411-MTC), July 15, 2015 - OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. JOEBERT C. GUAN, FORMER CLERK OF COURT, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT, BULAN, SORSOGON, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 199660, July 13, 2015 - U-BIX CORPORATION AND EDILBERTO B. BRAVO, Petitioners, v. VALERIE ANNE H. HOLLERO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 198096, July 08, 2015 - CENTENNIAL TRANSMARINE, INC. AND/OR MR. EDUARDO R. JABLA, CENTENNIAL MARITIME SERVICES & MTV BONNIE SMITHWICK, Petitioners, v. PASTOR M. QUIAMBAO, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. SCC-13-18-J (Formerly A.M. OCA IPI No. 11-36-SCC), July 01, 2015 - BAGUAN M. MAMISCAL, Complainant, v. CLERK OF COURT MACALINOG S. ABDULLAH, SHARI'A CIRCUIT COURT, MARAWI CITY, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 208587, July 29, 2015 - JM DOMINGUEZ AGRONOMIC COMPANY, INC., HELEN D. DAGDAGAN, PATRICK PACIS, KENNETH PACIS, AND SHIRLEY DOMINGUEZ, Petitioners, v. CECILIA LICLICAN, NORMA D. ISIP, AND PURITA DOMINGUEZ, Respondents.

  • G.R. Nos. 203054-55, July 29, 2015 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. COURT OF TAX APPEALS AND CBK POWER COMPANY LIMITED, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 193219, July 27, 2015 - COPY CENTRAL DIGITAL COPY SOLUTION AND/OR VIRGILIO MONTANO, Petitioners, v. MARILYN DOMRIQUE AND CARINA LEA�O, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 188464, July 29, 2015 - ALBERTO J. RAZA, Petitioner, v. DAIKOKU ELECTRONICS PHILS., INC. AND MAMORU ONO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 174185, July 22, 2015 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. WILFREDO MANCAO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 200940, July 22, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MARTIN NERIO, JR., Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 190998, July 20, 2015 - SPOUSES ROBERT C. PADERANGA AND JOVITA M. PADERANGA, Petitioners, v. SPOUSES PENDATUN A. BOGABONG AND NORMA P. BOGABONG; STALINGEORGE PADERANGA AND THE REGISTER OF DEEDS OF ILIGAN CITY; CIPRIANO RATUNIL; ANTONIO MI�OZA; HEIRS OF TOMAS TAN SR., LOURDES TAN AND LIBEN GO MEDINA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 193034, July 20, 2015 - RODGING REYES, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES AND SALUD M. GEGATO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 212336, July 15, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ARSENIO D. MISA III, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 181381, July 20, 2015 - SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, Petitioner, v. UNIVERSAL RIGHTFIELD PROPERTY HOLDINGS, INC., Respondent.

  • A.C. No. 10628, July 01, 2015 - MAXIMINO NOBLE III, Complainant, v. ATTY. ORLANDO O. AILES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 191258, July 08, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. VINCENT GARRIDO Y ELORDE, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 207639, July 01, 2015 - BAHIA SHIPPING SERVICES, INC. AND/OR V-SHIP NORWAY AND/OR CYNTHIA C. MENDOZA, Petitioners, v. CARLOS L. FLORES, JR., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 214466, July 01, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ANTONIO BALCUEVA Y BONDOCOY, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 194328, July 01, 2015 - STRONGHOLD INSURANCE COMPANY, INCORPORATED, Petitioner, v. INTERPACIFIC CONTAINER SERVICES AND GLORIA DEE CHONG, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 175999, July 01, 2015 - NELSON LAI Y BILBAO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 207145, July 28, 2015 - GIL G. CAWAD, MARIO BENEDICT P. GALON, DOMINGO E. LUSAYA, JEAN V. APOLINARES, MA. LUISA S. OREZCA, JULIO R. GARCIA, NESTOR M. INTIA, RUBEN C. CALIWATAN, ADOLFO Q. ROSALES, MA. LUISA NAVARRO, AND THE PHILIPPINE PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION, INC., Petitioners, v. FLORENCIO B. ABAD, IN HIS CAPACITY AS SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BUDGET AND MANAGEMENT (DBM); ENRIQUE T. ONA, IN HIS CAPACITY AS SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (DOH); AND FRANCISCO T. DUQUE III, IN HIS CAPACITY AS CHAIRMAN OF THE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION (CSC), Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 193388, July 01, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RODOLFO BOCADI Y APATAN, ACCUSED, ALBERTO BATICOLON Y RAMIREZ, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 192173, July 29, 2015 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. STANDARD CHARTERED BANK, Respondent.

  • A.C. No. 8313, July 14, 2015 - PILAR IBANA-ANDRADE AND CLARE SINFOROSA ANDRADE-CASILIHAN, Complainants, v. ATTY. EVA PAITA-MOYA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 184320, July 29, 2015 - CLARITA ESTRELLADO-MAINAR, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • A.M. CA-15-32-P (formerly OCA IPI No. 14-219-CA-P), July 29, 2015 - COMMITTEE ON ETHICS & SPECIAL CONCERNS, COURT OF APPEALS, MANILA, Complainant, v. MARCELO B. NAIG, UTILITY WORKER II, MAINTENANCE AND UTILITY SECTION, COURT OF APPEALS, MANILA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 204738, July 29, 2015 - GLENDA RODRIGUEZ-ANGAT, Petitioner, v. GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 200233, July 15, 2015 - LEONILA G. SANTIAGO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 206423, July 01, 2015 - LEONCIO ALANGDEO, ARTHUR VERCELES, AND DANNY VERGARA, Petitioners, v. THE CITY MAYOR OF BAGUIO, HON. BRAULIO D. YARANON (TO BE SUBSTITUTED BY INCUMBENT CITY MAYOR, HON. MAURICIO DOMOGAN), JEOFREY MORTELA, HEAD DEMOLITION TEAM, CITY ENGINEER�S OFFICE, AND ERNESTO LARDIZABAL, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 207575, July 15, 2015 - HEDCOR, INC., Petitioner, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 175796, July 22, 2015 - BPI FAMILY SAVINGS BANK, INC., Petitioner, v. SPOUSES BENEDICTO & TERESITA YUJUICO, Respondents.

  • A.M. No. CA-15-53-J [Formerly OCA I.P.I. No. 15-230-CA-J], July 14, 2015 - RE: COMPLAINT DATED JANUARY 28, 2015 OF CATHERINE DAMAYO, REPRESENTED BY HER MOTHER, VENIRANDA DAMAYO, AGAINST HON. MARILYN LAGURA-YAP, ASSOCIATE JUSTICE, COURT OF APPEALS-VISAYAS, CEBU CITY, CEBU.

  • G.R. No. 162217, July 22, 2015 - HEIRS OF ARTURO GARCIA I, (IN SUBSTITUTION OF HEIRS OF MELECIO BUENO), Petitioners, v. MUNICIPALITY OF IBA, ZAMBALES, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. 2014-07-SC, July 08, 2015 - RE: REPORT OF ATTY. CARIDAD A. PABELLO, CHIEF OF OFFICE, OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES- OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR (OAS-OCA), ON NEGLECT OF DUTY OF FERDINAND F. ANDRES, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OFFICER III, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT (RTC)-PERSONNEL DIVISION, OAS-OCA, THE PROCESSOR-IN-CHARGE OF APPOINTMENT AND THE ALLEGED ERRONEOUS RECORDING, ERASURE, AND ALTERATION OF THE PERFORMANCE RATING ON THE RECORD BOOK.

  • G.R. No. 210861, July 29, 2015 - CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, REPRESENTED BY ITS PRESIDENT, ATTY. MARIO T. BERNALES, Petitioner, v. PROVINCE OF CAMARINES SUR, REPRESENTED BY GOVERNOR LUIS RAYMUND F. VILLAFUERTE, JR. AND GAWAD KALINGA FOUNDATION, INC. REPRESENTED BY ITSEXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, JOSE LUIS OQUI�ENA,* AND ITS CAMARINES SUR CHAPTER HEAD, HARRY AZANA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 195196, July 13, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ESTANLY OCTA Y BAS, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 215764, July 06, 2015 - RICHARD K. TOM, Petitioner, v. SAMUEL N. RODRIGUEZ, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 196864, July 08, 2015 - SPOUSES VICTOR P. DULNUAN AND JACQUELINE P. DULNUAN, Petitioners, v. METROPOLITAN BANK & TRUST COMPANY, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 206970, July 29, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ANTONIO EDA�O AND NESTOR EDA�O, ACCUSED, ANTONIO EDA�O, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 192463, July 13, 2015 - OMAIRA LOMONDOT AND SARIPA LOMONDOT, Petitioners, v. HON. RASAD G. BALINDONG, PRESIDING JUDGE, SHARI'A DISTRICT COURT, 4TH SHARI'A JUDICIAL DISTRICT, MARAWI CITY, LANAO DEL SUR AND AMBOG PANGANDAMUN AND SIMBANATAO DIACA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 204089, July 29, 2015 - GRACE BORGO�A INSIGNE, DIOSDADO BORGO�A, OSBOURNE BORGO�A, IMELDA BORGO�A RIVERA, AND ARISTOTLE BORGO�A, Petitioners, v. ABRA VALLEY COLLEGES, INC. AND FRANCIS BORGO�A, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 207098, July 08, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. NONIETO GERSAMIO, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 212929, July 29, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ENRIQUE GALVEZ, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 191894, July 15, 2015 - DANILO A. DUNCANO, Petitioner, v. HON. SANDIGANBAYAN (2ND DIVISION), AND HON. OFFICE OF THE SPECIAL PROSECUTOR, Respondents.

  • G.R. Nos. 163356-57, July 01, 2015 - JOSE A. BERNAS, CECILE H. CHENG, VICTOR AFRICA, JESUS B. MARAMARA, JOSE T. FRONDOSO, IGNACIO T. MACROHON, JR., AND PAULINO T. LIM, ACTING IN THEIR CAPACITY AS INDIVIDUAL DIRECTORS OF MAKATI SPORTS CLUB, INC., AND ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF MAKATI SPORTS CLUB, Petitioners, v. JOVENCIO F. CINCO, VICENTE R. AYLLON, RICARDO G. LIBREA, SAMUEL L. ESGUERRA, ROLANDO P. DELA CUESTA, RUBEN L. TORRES, ALEX Y. PARDO, MA. CRISTINA SIM, ROGER T. AGUILING, JOSE B. QUIMSON, CELESTINO L. ANG, ELISEO V. VILLAMOR, FELIPE L. GOZON, CLAUDIO B. ALTURA, ROGELIO G. VILLAROSA, MANUEL R. SANTIAGO, BENJAMIN A. CARANDANG, REGINA DE LEON-HERLIHY, CARLOS Y. RAMOS, JR., ALEJANDRO Z. BARIN, EFRENILO M. CAYANGA AND JOHN DOES, Respondents.; G.R. NOS. 163368-69 - JOVENCIO F. CINCO, RICARDO G. LIBREA AND ALEX Y. PARDO, Petitioners, v. JOSE A. BERNAS, CECILE H. CHENG AND IGNACIO A. MACROHON, Respondents.

  • A.M. No. RTJ-15-2422 [Formerly OCA I.P.I. No. 13-4129-RTJ], July 20, 2015 - FLOR GILBUENA RIVERA, Complainant, v. HON. LEANDRO C. CATALO, PRESIDING JUDGE, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 256, MUNTINLUPA CITY, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 204117, July 01, 2015 - CHINA BANKING CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. CITY TREASURER OF MANILA, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. P-15-3347 [Formerly OCA IPI No. 13-4067-P], July 29, 2015 - AMADEL C. ABOS, Complainant, v. SALVADOR A. BORROMEO IV, CLERK III, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BR. 45, SAN JOSE, OCCIDENTAL MINDORO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 200558, July 01, 2015 - CONSUELO V. PANGASINAN AND ANNABELLA V. BORROMEO, Petitioners, v. CRISTINA DISONGLO-ALMAZORA, RENILDA ALMAZORA-CASUBUAN, RODOLFO CASUBUAN, SUSANA ALMAZORA-MENDIOLA, CARLOS MENDIOLA, CECILIO ALMAZORA AND NEN1TA ALMAZORA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 192024, July 01, 2015 - FORTUNE TOBACCO ORPORATION, Petitioner, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 195166, July 08, 2015 - SPOUSES SALVADOR ABELLA AND ALMA ABELLA, Petitioners, v. SPOUSES ROMEO ABELLA AND ANNIE ABELLA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 213104, July 29, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. PO1 CYRIL A. DE GRACIA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 196853, July 13, 2015 - ROBERT CHUA, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 211882, July 29, 2015 - ELBURG SHIPMANAGEMENT PHILS., INC., ENTERPRISE SHIPPING AGENCY SRL AND/OR EVANGELINE RACHO, Petitioners, v. ERNESTO S. QUIOGUE, JR., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 212025, July 01, 2015 - EXCELLENT QUALITY APPAREL, INC., Petitioner, v. VISAYAN SURETY & INSURANCE CORPORATION, AND FAR EASTERN SURETY & INSURANCE CO., INC., Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 198436, July 08, 2015 - PIONEER INSURANCE SURETY CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. MORNING STAR TRAVEL & TOURS, INC., ESTELITA CO WONG, BENNY H. WONG, ARSENIO CHUA, SONNY CHUA, AND WONG YAN TAK, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 187491, July 08, 2015 - FAR EAST BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, Petitioner, v. LILIA S. CHUA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 209822, July 08, 2015 - DIONISIO DACLES,* Petitioner, v. MILLENIUM ERECTORS CORPORATION AND/OR RAGAS TIU, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 163362, July 08, 2015 - ALEJANDRA ARADO HEIRS: JESUSA ARADO, VICTORIANO ALCORIZA, PEDRO ARADO, HEIRS: JUDITHO ARADO, JENNIFER ARADO, BOBBIE ZITO ARADO, SHIRLY ABAD, ANTONIETA ARADO, NELSON SOMOZA, JUVENIL ARADO, NICETAS VENTULA, AND NILA ARADO, PEDRO ARADO, TOMASA V. ARADO, Petitioners, v. ANACLETO ALCORAN AND ELENETTE SUNJACO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 202262, July 08, 2015 - JOSE C. GO, GOTESCO PROPERTIES, INC., GO TONG ELECTRICAL SUPPLY, INC., EVER EMPORIUM, INC., EVER GOTESCO RESOURCES AND HOLDINGS, INC., GOTESCO TYAN MING DEVELOPMENT, INC., EVERCREST CEBU GOLF CLUB, NASUGBU RESORTS, INC., GMCC UNITED DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, AND GULOD RESORT, INC., Petitioners, v. BANGKO SENTRAL NG PILIPINAS, AND REGISTER OF DEEDS OF NASUGBU BATANGAS, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 156022, July 06, 2015 - AURELLANO AGNES, EDUARDO AGNES, ESPIRITU AGNES, ESTELLA AGNES, PANTALEON AGNES, FILOTEO APUEN, IMELDA APUEN, MOISES APUEN, ROGELIO APUEN, GONZALO AUSTRIA, JAVIER AUSTRIA, BONIFACIO EGUIA, LYDIA EGUIA, MANUEL GABARDA, SR., MELECIO GARCIA, CRISTOBAL LOQUIB, MARIA LOQUIB, MATERNO LOQUIB, GEORGE MACANAS, MODESTO MANLEBTEN, JUANITO AUSTRIA, CONCHITA BERNAL, AURELIO BERNAL, PABLITO BOGANTE, FELICIANO CANTON, ALFREDO CANETE, CECILIA CANETE, CHERRY DE MESA, ROBERTO NOVERO, PERLITO PABIA, RODRIGO SABROSO, JUAN TALORDA, AND RAFAELA TRADIO, Petitioners, v. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 209786, July 06, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JERRY C. PALOTES, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 196461, July 15, 2015 - WARLITO C. VICENTE, Petitioner, v. ACIL CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 203961, July 29, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RODERICK LICAYAN, ROBERTO LARA AND ROGELIO "NOEL" DELOS REYES, Accused-Appellants.

  • G.R. No. 215555, July 29, 2015 - CENTRAL AZUCARERA DE BAIS, INC. AND ANTONIO STEVEN L. CHAN, Petitioners, v. JANET T. SIASON, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 183681, July 27, 2015 - SPO2 ROLANDO JAMACA, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 205575, July 22, 2015 - VISAYAN ELECTRIC COMPANY EMPLOYEES UNION-ALU-TUCP AND CASMERO MAHILUM, Petitioners, v. VISAYAN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INC. (VECO), Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 201892, July 22, 2015 - NORLINDA S. MARILAG, Petitioner, v. MARCELINO B. MARTINEZ, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 205926, July 22, 2015 - ALVIN COMERCIANTE Y GONZALES, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 211972, July 22, 2015 - WILSON GO AND PETER GO, Petitioners, v. THE ESTATE OF THE LATE FELISA TAMIO DE BUENAVENTURA, REPRESENTED BY RESURRECCION A. BIHIS, RHEA A. BIHIS, AND REGINA A. BIHIS; AND RESURRECCION A. BIHIS, RHEA A. BIHIS AND REGINA A. BIHIS, M THEIR PERSONAL CAPACITIES, Respondents.; G.R. No. 212045 - BELLA A. GUERRERO, DELFIN A. GUERRERO, JR. AND LESTER ALVIN A. GUERRERO, Petitioners, v. THE ESTATE OF THE LATE FELISA TAMIO DE BUENAVENTURA, HEREIN REPRESENTED BY RESURRECION A. BIHIS, RHEA A. BIHIS AND REGINA A. BIHIS, AND RESURRECION A. BIHIS, RHEA A. BIHIS AND REGINA A. BIHIS, IN THEIR PERSONAL CAPACITIES, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 212865, July 15, 2015 - HORACIO SALVADOR, Petitioner, v. LISA CHUA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 207843, July 15, 2015 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. COURT OF TAX APPEALS (SECOND DIVISION) AND PETRON CORPORATION,* Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 182814, July 15, 2015 - LIGAYA MENDOZA AND ADELIA MENDOZA, Petitioners, v. THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS (EIGHT DIVISION), HONORABLE JUDGE LIBERATO C. CORTEZ AND BANGKO KABAYAN (FORMERLY IBAAN RURAL BANK, INC., Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 205228, July 15, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff and Appellee, v. ROLLY ADRIANO Y SAMSON, LEAN ADRIANO @ DENDEN, ABBA SANTIAGO Y ADRIANO, JOHN DOE AND PETER DOE, ACCUSED, ROLLY ADRIANO Y SAMSON, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 208928, July 08, 2015 - ANDY ANG, Petitioner, v. SEVERINO PACUNIO, TERESITA P. TORRALBA, SUSANA LOBERANES, CHRISTOPHER N. PACUNIO, AND PEDRITO P. AZARCON, REPRESENTED BY THEIR ATTORNEY-IN-FACT, GALILEO P. TORRALBA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 202632, July 08, 2015 - ROBERTO STA. ANA DY, JOSE ALAINEO DY, AND ALTEZA A. DY FOR THEMSELVES AND AS HEIRS/SUBSTITUTES OF DECEASED-PETITIONER CHLOE ALINDOGAN DY, Petitioners, v. BONIFACIO A. YU, SUSANA A. TAN, AND SOLEDAD ARQUILLA SUBSTITUTING DECEASED-RESPONDENT ROSARIO ARQUILLA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 169158, July 01, 2015 - PENTAGON INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING SERVICES, INC., Petitioner, v. THE COURT OF APPEALS, FILOMENO V. MADRIO, LUISITO G. RUBIANO, JDA INTER-PHIL. MARITIME SERVICES CORPORATION, Respondents.

  • A.C. No. 10662 [Formerly CBD Case No. 10-2654], July 07, 2015 - JUN B. LUNA, Complainant, v. ATTY. DWIGHT M. GALARRITA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 209464, July 01, 2015 - DANDY L. DUNGO AND GREGORIO A. SIBAL, JR., Petitioners, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 160033, July 01, 2015 - TAGAYTAY REALTY CO., INC., Petitioner, v. ARTURO G. GACUTAN, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 175733, July 08, 2015 - WESTMONT BANK (NOW UNITED OVERSEAS BANK PHILS.*) Petitioner, v. FUNAI PHILIPPINES CORPORATION, SPOUSES ANTONIO AND SYLVIA YUTINGCO, PANAMAX CORPORATION, PEPITO ONG NGO, RICHARD N. YU, AIMEE R. ALBA, ANNABELLE BAESA, NENITA RESANE, AND MARIA ORTIZ, Respondents.; G.R. No. 180162 - CARMELO V. CACHERO, Petitioner, v. UNITED OVERSEAS BANK PHILS. AND/OR WESTMONT BANK, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 212049, July 15, 2015 - MAGSAYSAY MARITIME CORPORATION, PRINCESS CRUISE LINES, MARLON R. RO�O AND "STAR PRINCESS," Petitioners, v. ROMEO V. PANOGALINOG, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 155580, July 01, 2015 - ROMEO T. CALUZOR, Petitioner, v. DEOGRACIAS LLANILLO AND THE HEIRS OF THE LATE LORENZO LLANILLO, AND MOLDEX REALTY CORPORTATION, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 197127, July 15, 2015 - NOEL L. ONG, OMAR ANTHONY L. ONG, AND NORMAN L. ONG, Petitioners, v. NICOLASA O. IMPERIAL, DARIO R. ECHALUCE, ROEL I. ROBELO, SERAFIN R. ROBELO, EFREN R. ROBELO, RONILO S. AGNO, LORENA ROBELO, ROMEO O. IMPERIAL, NANILON IMPERIAL CORTEZ, JOVEN IMPERIAL CORTEZ, AND RODELIO O. IMPERIAL, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 159271, July 13, 2015 - SPOUSES BENITO BAYSA AND VICTORIA BAYSA, Petitioners, v. SPOUSES FIDEL PLANTILLA AND SUSAN PLANTILLA, REGISTER OF DEEDS OF QUEZON CITY, AND THE SHERIFF OF QUEZON CITY, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 181426, July 13, 2015 - GAMES AND GARMENTS DEVELOPERS, INC., Petitioner, v. ALLIED BANKING CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 167510, July 08, 2015 - ALVIN MERCADO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 160206, July 15, 2015 - M/V "DON MARTIN" VOY 047 AND ITS CARGOES OF 6,500 SACKS OF IMPORTED RICE, PALACIO SHIPPING, INC., AND LEOPOLDO "JUNIOR" PAMULAKLAKIN, Petitioners, v. HON. SECRETARY OF FINANCE, BUREAU OF CUSTOMS, AND THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 159271, July 13, 2015 - SPOUSES BENITO BAYSA AND VICTORIA BAYSA, Petitioners, v. SPOUSES FIDEL PLANTILLA AND SUSAN PLANTILLA, REGISTER OF DEEDS OF QUEZON CITY, AND THE SHERIFF OF QUEZON CITY, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 181426, July 13, 2015 - GAMES AND GARMENTS DEVELOPERS, INC., Petitioner, v. ALLIED BANKING CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 160206, July 15, 2015 - M/V "DON MARTIN" VOY 047 AND ITS CARGOES OF 6,500 SACKS OF IMPORTED RICE, PALACIO SHIPPING, INC., AND LEOPOLDO "JUNIOR" PAMULAKLAKIN, Petitioners, v. HON. SECRETARY OF FINANCE, BUREAU OF CUSTOMS, AND THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 167510, July 08, 2015 - ALVIN MERCADO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 172980, July 22, 2015 - CELSO F. PASCUAL, SR. AND SERAFIN TERENCIO, Petitioners, v. CANIOGAN CREDIT AND DEVELOPMENT COOPERATIVE, REPRESENTED BY ITS CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD, JOSE ANTONIO R. LEE, ATTY. VENANCIO C. REYES, JR., AND NESTOR P. TINIO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 203928, July 22, 2015 - CE CASECNAN WATER AND ENERGY COMPANY, INC., Petitioner, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 205681, July 01, 2015 - JANET CARBONELL, Petitioner, v. JULITA A. CARBONELL-MENDES, REPRESENTED BY HER BROTHER AND ATTORNEY-IN-FACT, VIRGILIO A. CARBONELL, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 208686, July 01, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Appellee, v. ALELIE TOLENTINO A.K.A. "ALELIE TOLENTINO Y HERNANDEZ," Appellant.

  • G. R. No. 209845, July 01, 2015 - MELCHOR G. MADERAZO AND DIONESIO R. VERUEN, JR., Petitioners, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES AND SANDIGANBAYAN, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 210341, July 01, 2015 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. JOSEFINO O. ALORA AND OSCAR O. ALORA, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. P-14-3182, July 01, 2015 - ATTY. AURORA P. SANGLAY, Complainant, v. EDUARDO E. PADUA II, SHERIFF IV, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 29, SAN FERNANDO CITY, LA UNION, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. P-12-3101, July 01, 2015 - OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. BEATRIZ E. LIZONDRA, COURT INTERPRETER II AND OFFICER-IN-CHARGE, CLERK OF COURT, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT IN CITIES, TABUK CITY, KALINGA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 181517, July 06, 2015 - GREEN STAR EXPRESS, INC. AND FRUTO SAYSON, JR., Petitioners, v. NISSIN-UNIVERSAL ROBINA CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 190134, July 08, 2015 - SPOUSES ROGELIO AND SHIRLEY T. LIM, AGUSAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, REPRESENTED BY DR. SHIRLEY T. LIM, PRESIDENT AND AS ATTORNEY-IN-FACT OF FELIX A. CUENCA, MARY ANN M. MALOLOT, AND REY ADONIS M. MEJORADA, Petitioners, v. HONORABLE COURT OF APPELAS, TWENTY-SECOND DIVISION, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY, MINDANAO STATION; SHERIFF ARCHIBALD C. VERGA, AND HIS DEPUTIES, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 33, HALL OF JUSTICE, LIBERTAD, BUTUAN CITY; AND FIRST CONSOLIDATED BANK, Respondent.

  • G.R. NO. 193058, July 08, 2015 - EDGAR C. NUQUE, Petitioner, v. FIDEL AQUINO AND SPOUSES ALEJANDRO AND ERLINDA BABINA, Respondent.

  • A.C. No. 10687, July 22, 2015 - MABINI COLLEGES, INC. REPRESENTED BY MARCEL N. LUKBAN, ALBERTO I. GARCIA, JR., AND MA. PAMELA ROSSANA A. APUYA, Complainant, v. ATTY. JOSE D. PAJARILLO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 187631, July 08, 2015 - BATANGAS CITY, MARIA TERESA GERON, IN HER CAPACITY AS CITY TREASURER OF BATANGAS CITY AND TEODULFO A. DEGUITO, IN HIS CAPACITY AS CITY LEGAL OFFICER OF BATANGAS CITY, Petitioners, v. PILIPINAS SHELL PETROLEUM CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 212194, July 06, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ROD FAMUDULAN Y FEDELIN, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 212205, July 06, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. OBALDO BANDRIL Y TABLING, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 216691, July 21, 2015 - MARIA ANGELA S. GARCIA, Petitioner, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS AND JOSE ALEJANDRE P. PAYUMO III, Respondent.

  • A.C. No. 10207, July 21, 2015 - RE: DECISION DATED 17 MARCH 2011 IN CRIMINAL CASE NO. SB-28361 ENTITLED "PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. JOSELITO C. BARROZO" FORMER ASSISTANT PROSECUTOR JOSELITO C. BARROZO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 201110, July 06, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JEFFREY VICTORIA Y CRISTOBAL, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 183735, July 06, 2015 - SEGIFREDO T. VILCHEZ, Petitioner, v. FREE PORT SERVICE CORPORATION AND ATTY. ROEL JOHN T. KABIGTING, PRESIDENT, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 200670, July 06, 2015 - CLARK INVESTORS AND LOCATORS ASSOCIATION, INC., Petitioner, v. SECRETARY OF FINANCE AND COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 197731, July 06, 2015 - HERMIE OLARTE Y TARUG, AND RUBEN OLAVARIO Y MAUNAO, Petitioners, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 208792, July 22, 2015 - BANK OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, Petitioner, v. SPOUSES ROBERTO AND TERESITA GENUINO, Respondents.

  • A.C. No. 10187 [Formerly CBD Case No. 11-3053], July 22, 2015 - CELINA F. ANDRADA, Complainant, v. ATTY. RODRIGO CERA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 207435, July 01, 2015 - NORMA EDITA R. DY SUN-ONG, Petitioner, v. JOSE VICTORY R. DY SUN, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. RTJ-15-2417 [Formerly known as OCA IPI No. 10-3466-RTJ], July 22, 2015 - ELADIO D. PERFECTO, Complainant, v. JUDGE ALMA CONSUELO D. ESIDERA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 171247, July 22, 2015 - ALFREDO L. VILLAMOR, JR., Petitioner, v. HON. AMELIA C. MANALASTAS, PRESIDING JUDGE, RTC-PASIG CITY, BRANCH 268, AND LEONARDO S. UMALE [DECEASED] SUBSTITUTED BY HIS SPOUSE, CLARISSA VICTORIA UMALE, Respondents.

  • A.M. No. P-14-3257, July 22, 2015 - OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, Complainant, v. JOSE V. MENDOZA, CLERK OF COURT II, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT, GASAN, MARINDUQUE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 200773, July 08, 2015 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. ANGELINE L. DAYAOEN, AGUST1NA TAUEL, AND LAWANA T. BATCAGAN, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 211535, July 22, 2015 - BANK OF COMMERCE, Petitioner, v. MARILYN P. NITE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 192099, July 08, 2015 - PAULINO M. EJERCITO, JESSIE M. EJERCITO AND JOHNNY D. CHANG, Petitioners, v. ORIENTAL ASSURANCE CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 186322, July 08, 2015 - ENRICO S. EULOGIO AND NATIVIDAD V. EULOGIO, Petitioners, v. PATERNO C. BELL, SR., ROGELIA CALINGASAN-BELL, PATERNO WILLIAM BELL, JR., FLORENCE FELICIA VICTORIA BELL, PATERNO FERDINAND BELL III, AND PATERNO BENERA�O BELL IV, Respondents.

  • G.R. Nos. 209353-54, July 06, 2015 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, REP. BY THE COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE AIRLINES, INC. (PAL), Respondent.; G.R. Nos. 211733-34 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE AIRLINES, INC. (PAL), Respondent.

  • A.M. No. MTJ-14-1839, July 22, 2015 - ATTY. LUCITA E. MARCELO, Complainant, v. JUDGE PELAGIA J. DALMACIO-JOAQUIN, PRESIDING JUDGE, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT IN CITIES, BRANCH 1, SAN JOSE DEL MONTE, BULACAN, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 189262, July 06, 2015 - GBMLT MANPOWER SERVICES, INC., Petitioner, v. MA. VICTORIA H. MALINAO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 207286, July 29, 2015 - DELA ROSA LINER, INC. AND/OR ROSAURO DELA ROSA, SR. AND NORA DELA ROSA, Petitioners, v. CALIXTO B. BORELA AND ESTELO A. AMARILLE, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 167679, July 22, 2015 - ING BANK N.V., ENGAGED IN BANKING OPERATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES AS ING BANK N.V. MANILA BRANCH, Petitioner, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 210929, July 29, 2015 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. EDNA ORCELINO-VILLANUEVA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 190983, July 29, 2015 - SURENDRA GOBINDRAM DASWANI, Petitioner, v. BANCO DE ORO UNIVERSAL BANK AND REGISTER OF DEEDS OF MAKATI CITY, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 185224, July 29, 2015 - AMELIA CARMELA CONSTANTINO ZOLETA, Petitioner, v. THE HONORABLE SANDIGANBAYAN [FOURTH DIVISION] AND PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 188698, July 22, 2015 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Appellee, v. SONIA BERNEL NUARIN, Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 186305, July 22, 2015 - V-GENT, INC., Petitioner, v. MORNING STAR TRAVEL AND TOURS, INC., Respondent.

  • A.M. No. P-15-3304 (Formerly: OCA I.P.I No. 11-3670-P), July 01, 2015 - MELQUIADES A. ROBLES, Complainant, v. 1) CLERK OF COURT V DUKE THADDEUS R. MAOG, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 155, PASIG CITY, 2) SHERIFF IV DOMINGO R. GARCIA, JR., REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 157, PASIG CITY., Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 172983, July 22, 2015 - FAR EAST BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 175188, July 15, 2015 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. LA TONDE�A DISTILLERS, INC. (LTDI [NOW GINEBRA SAN MIGUEL], Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 209137, July 01, 2015 - EDUARDO CELEDONIO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 210412, July 29, 2015 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. KAMRAN F. KARBASI, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 210646, July 29, 2015 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. AIR LIQUIDE PHILIPPINES, INC., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 207791, July 15, 2015 - THE CITY OF DAVAO, REPRESENTED BY THE CITY TREASURER OF DAVAO CITY, Petitioner, v. THE INTESTATE ESTATE OF AMADO S. DALISAY, REPRESENTED BY SPECIAL ADMINISTRATOR ATTY. NICASIO B. PADERNA, Respondent.