Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence


Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2018 > November 2018 Decisions > G.R. No. 219352, November 14, 2018 - FIDEL V. ANACTA, JR., Petitioner, v. SANDIGANBAYAN (FIFTH DIVISION) AND PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.:




G.R. No. 219352, November 14, 2018 - FIDEL V. ANACTA, JR., Petitioner, v. SANDIGANBAYAN (FIFTH DIVISION) AND PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.

PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

SECOND DIVISION

G.R. No. 219352, November 14, 2018

FIDEL V. ANACTA, JR., Petitioner, v. SANDIGANBAYAN (FIFTH DIVISION) AND PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.

D E C I S I O N

CARPIO, J.:

The Case


This petition for review1 assails the 7 April 2015 Decision2 and the 23 June 2015 Resolution3 of the Sandiganbayan in SB-07-CRM-0012. The Sandiganbayan found Fidel V. Anacta, Jr. (petitioner) guilty of the crime of unlawful appointments, defined and penalized under Article 244 of the Revised Penal Code (RPC).

The Facts


On 10 January 2005, petitioner, who was then the Municipal Mayor of Borongan, Eastern Samar, appointed Atty. Reynaldo A. Alconaba (Alconaba) as a member of the Board of Directors of the Borongan Water District, representing the professional sector. When the appointment was referred to the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA) for confirmation, LWUA declared Alconaba's appointment as void. LWUA declared that Alconaba's appointment is prohibited by law since it was made within one year from the 2004 May elections in which Alconaba had lost in his bid for the position of municipal councilor.

Petitioner was charged with violating Article 244 of the RPC, in relation to Section 6, Article IX-B of the Constitution and Section 94 of Republic Act (R.A.) No. 7160.4 The Information reads:

That on or about January 10, 2005 at the Municipality of Borongan, Province of Eastern Samar, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, above-named accused, a public officer, being a Municipal Mayor of Borongan, Eastern Samar, and as such, has the power and authority to appoint officials and employees of the Local Water District of Borongan, Eastern Samar, in such capacity and committing the offense in relation to office, with deliberate intent, did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously appoint Arty. Reynaldo A. Alconaba, as Director of the Borongan Water District, Eastern Samar despite the fact that there was a prohibition for his appointment as said Atty. Reynaldo A. Alconaba, was a candidate for the Sangguniang Bayan of Borongan, Eastern Samar during the May 2004 election[s] and lost, and said appointment was made within one-year from the said election[s], thus in utter disregard of the one-year prohibition under Sec. 94 of RA 7160 in relation to Sec, 6, Art. IX-B of the Philippine Constitution and Article 244 of the Revised Penal Code, to the detriment of public interest.

CONTRARY TO LAW.5


During his arraignment on 5 August 2008, petitioner pleaded not guilty to the charge.

The Ruling of the Sandiganbavan


The Sandiganbayan found petitioner guilty of the crime of unlawful appointments defined and penalized under Article 244 of the RPC, and sentenced him to suffer the penalty of imprisonment of arresto mayor in its medium period, that is 2 months and 1 day to 4 months, and a fine of P1,000.

The Sandiganbayan found that petitioner, when he was the Municipal Mayor of Borongan, Eastern Samar, appointed Alconaba as member of the Board of Directors of the Borongan Water District on 10 January 2005. The Borongan Water District is a government-owned and controlled corporation. Thus, the appointment of the members of the Board of Directors is subject to the one-year prohibition under Section 6, Article IX-B of the Constitution and Section 94(b) of R.A. No. 7160.

Alconaba lost in the 14 May 2004 elections when he ran for a seat as member of the Sangguniang Bayan of Borongan. Under Section 6, Article IX-B of the Constitution and Section 94(b) of R.A. No. 7160, Alconaba, who lost in the May 2004 elections, could not be appointed to any office in the government or any government-owned or controlled corporations or in any of their subsidiaries, within one year from such elections.

Having run for public office several times, petitioner admitted in his testimony that he was aware of the one-year prohibition against the appointment of losing candidates to any government position. Petitioner likewise admitted that he knew that Alconaba ran for public office during the May 2004 elections and yet he still appointed him as a member of the Board of Directors of the Borongan Water District on 10 January 2005. The Sandiganbayan held that since the power to appoint is discretionary on the part of petitioner as mayor, petitioner's defense that he merely relied on the recommendation of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) � Eastern Samar Chapter in appointing Alconaba as director of the Borongan Water District deserves scant consideration. As the appointing authority, petitioner had the discretion to accept or reject the recommendation of the IBP since the power of the mayor to appoint a director of the water district is not merely ministerial in nature.

The Issue


Petitioner contends that the Sandiganbayan erred in finding him guilty of the crime of unlawful appointments.

The Court's Ruling


We find the petition without merit.

Petitioner is charged with violating Article 244 of the RPC, in relation to Section 6, Article IX-B of the Constitution and Section 94(b) of R.A. No. 7160. The pertinent provisions read:

RPC, Article 244

Art. 244. Unlawful appointments. � Any public officer who shall knowingly nominate or appoint to any public office any person lacking the legal qualifications therefor, shall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor and a fine not exceeding 1,000 pesos.

Constitution, Section 6, Article IX-B

Sec. 6. No candidate who has lost in any election shall, within one year after such election, be appointed to any office in the Government or any government-owned or controlled corporations or in any of their subsidiaries.

R.A. No. 7160

Sec. 94. Appointment of Elective and Appointive Local Officials: Candidates Who Lost in an Election. � (a) No elective or appointive local official shall be eligible for appointment or designation in any capacity to any public office or position during his tenure.

Unless otherwise allowed by law or by the primary functions of his position, no elective or appointive local official shall hold any other office or employment in the Government or any subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof including government-owned or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries.

(b) Except for losing candidates in barangay elections, no candidate who lost in any election shall, within one (1) year after such election, be appointed to any office in the Government or any government-owned or controlled corporations or in any of their subsidiaries.


The elements of the crime of unlawful appointments under Article 244 of the RPC are:
(1)
The offender is a public officer;

(2)
He or she nominates or appoints a person to a public office;

(3)
Such person lacks the legal qualifications therefor; and

(4)
The offender knows that his or her nominee or appointee lacks the qualifications at the time he or she made the nomination or appointment.6


Petitioner maintains he should be acquitted of the crime charged since the fourth element of the crime is absent in this case. Petitioner asserts that he merely relied in good faith on the recommendation of the IBP�Eastern Samar Chapter in appointing Alconaba as director of the Borongan Water District, and it was not proven that he knew about Alconaba's lack of qualification at the time he made the appointment.

Petitioner cannot feign ignorance of Alconaba's ineligibility when he appointed him as director of the Borongan Water District. That he knew of Alconaba's disqualification for appointment to any public office is established by petitioner's own testimony:

ATTY. ESCOTO


Q
What prompted you to appoint Atty. Reynaldo Alconaba?
A
Because I relied on the recommendation from the IBP and Atty. Reynaldo Alconaba was frequently going to my office and he told me, "Mayor you appoint me as Director, I am willing to serve as Director of the Borongan Water District."


Q
After you received the letter from LWUA informing you that the appointment of Atty. Reynaldo Alconaba was invalid, what did you do, if any?
A
I immediately told my utility clerk to inform Atty. Reynaldo Alconaba to go to my office so that I could tell him that he was disqualified for the position of Director of Borongan Water District.


ATTY. ESCOTO



That will be all, Your Honor.


JUSTICE GESMUNDO


Q
How soon after you were informed that the appointment of Atty. Reynaldo Alconaba was invalid that you tried to contact Atty. Alconaba?
A
Immediately, Your Honor.


Q
How many days?
A
That same day that I received the letter.


Q
When did you make the appointment?
A
I cannot recall, Your Honor.


Q
How soon after the appointment was made were you informed by LWUA that the appointment was invalid?
A
More than six (6) months, I think, Your Honor.


Q
Which LWUA Office informed you that the appointment is invalid?
A
The Central Office, Your Honor.


Q
Why, was his appointment transmitted to the Central Office?
A
Yes, Your Honor.


JUSTICE GESMUNDO


Q
You were saying earlier that there was a process undertaken with regard to the appointment of Atty. Reynaldo Alconaba, is that correct?
A
Yes, Your Honor.


Q
Do you have a document to show that it was the IBP who nominated Atty. Reynaldo Alconaba?


ATTY. ESCOTO


Your Honor, we intend to produce the document when we present Atty. ... who was the one who made the recommendation.


JUSTICE GESMUNDO


Q
How about the letter, you mentioned about a letter, is that correct?
A
Yes, Your Honor, the letter from the national LWUA, we have it.


JUSTICE GESMUNDO


Q
Did you inform Atty. Alconaba in writing or formally that you were recalling his appointment?
A
No, Your Honor, verbal only.


Q
Why did you not put that in writing to make it official?
A
I only talked to him.


Q
Did Atty. Alconaba stop performing the functions as Director of the Local Water District?
A
Yes, Your Honor he stopped performing his functions.


Q
What about the other Directors of the Borongan Water District, were you also the one who appointed them?
A
Yes, Your Honor, I was the one who appointed them.


Q
How many Directors are there?
A
Five (5), Your Honor.


JUSTICE GESMUNDO


Q
You appointed them all?
A
Yes, Your Honor.


Q
All at the same time?
A
No. Not at the same time because their office[s] are different.


Q
Did Atty. Reynaldo Alconaba run for public office?
A
Yes, Your Honor.


Q
Which ticket did he join?
A
In my ticket, Your Honor.


x x x x


PROS. ZALES


Q
Mr. Witness, how long have you been running for public office?


ATTY. ESCOTO



Objection, Your Honor, I think it is immaterial.


JUSTICE GESMUNDO



Witness may answer.


WITNESS


A
I have been a Vice Mayor in 1998 for one term. In 2001, I ran for Mayor. I have been a Mayor for three (3) consecutive terms and now I am the incumbent Vice Mayor.

Q
Having run for several times for public office, can you confirm that you are aware that if you run for public office, you are disqualified to be appointed in any government position for one (1) year from the time that you r[a]n?


ATTY. ESCOTO



Objection, Your Honor ...


JUSTICE GESMUNDO



Answer, if he knows.


WITNESS


A
Yes.


PROS. ZALES


Q
So you are aware that when you appointed Atty. Reynaldo Alconaba in January 2005 after he ran for Councilor of Borongan in May 2004, he was not qualified to be appointed as Director of the Borongan Water District?
A
I am not aware because I relied on the recommendation of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines.


Q
But you are aware that he ran in May 2004 election[s]?
A
Yes, ma'am.


Q
And you appointed him in January 2005?


WITNESS


A
Yes, ma'am.7 (Emphasis supplied)


Petitioner evidently knew that Alconaba was ineligible for appointment to any public office since Alconaba lost in the May 2004 elections when he ran as councilor of Borongan under petitioner's ticket. Petitioner knew that the one-year prohibition imposed on losing candidates as provided under Section 6, Article IX-B of the Constitution and Section 94(b) of R.A. No. 7160 applied to Alconaba.

In People v. Sandiganbayan (Fourth Division),8 the Court held that legal disqualification under Article 244 of the RPC includes temporary disqualification such as the one-year prohibition provided under Section 6, Article IX-B of the Constitution and Section 94(b) of R.A. No. 7160. The Court declared:

The Sandiganbayan, Fourth Division held that the qualifications for a position are provided by law and that it may well be that one who possesses the required legal qualification for a position may be temporarily disqualified for appointment to a public position by reason of the one-year prohibition imposed on losing candidates. However, there is no violation of Article 244 of the Revised Penal Code should a person suffering from temporary disqualification be appointed so long as the appointee possesses all the qualifications stated in the law.

There is no basis in law or jurisprudence for this interpretation. On the contrary, legal disqualification in Article 244 of the Revised Penal Code simply means disqualification under the law. Clearly, Section 6, Article IX of the 1987 Constitution and Section 94(b) of the Local Government Code of 1991 prohibit losing candidates within one year after such election to be appointed to any office in the government or any government-owned or controlled corporations or in any of their subsidiaries.

x x x x

Villapando's contention and the Sandiganbayan, Fourth Division's interpretation of the term legal disqualification lack cogency. Article 244 of the Revised Penal Code cannot be circumscribed lexically. Legal disqualification cannot be read as excluding temporary disqualification in order to exempt therefrom the legal prohibitions under Section 6, Article IX of the 1987 Constitution and Section 94 (b) of the Local Government Code of 1991.9 (Emphasis supplied)


It is undisputed that petitioner appointed Alconaba in January 2005 as director of the Borongan Water District. At the time of his appointment, Alconaba, who ran and lost in the May 2004 elections, was not eligible for appointment to any office in the government or government-owned or controlled corporation by virtue of the one-year prohibition under Section 6, Article IX-B of the Constitution and Section 94(b) of R.A. No. 7160. The Borongan Water District is a government-owned or controlled corporation, created under Presidential Decree (P.D.) No. 198.10 In Davao City Water District v. CSC,11 the Court categorically ruled that local water districts are government-owned or controlled corporations with original charter. Under Section 3(b)12 of P.D. No. 198, petitioner, as the Municipal Mayor of Borongan in 2005, was the appointing authority or the person empowered to appoint the members of the Board of Directors of the Borongan Water District. Petitioner knew that when he appointed Alconaba, who ran and lost under his ticket in the May 2004 elections, the latter was covered by the one-year prohibition and thus not qualified for. appointment to any public office. Clearly, the Sandiganbayan did not err in finding petitioner guilty of the crime of unlawful appointments defined and penalized under Article 244 of the RPC.

WHEREFORE, we DENY the petition. We AFFIRM the 7 April 2015 Decision and the 23 June 2015 Resolution of the Sandiganbayan in SB-07-CRM-0012.

SO ORDERED.

Perlas-Bernabe, Caguioa, A. Reyes, Jr., and J. Reyes, Jr.,* JJ., concur.

Endnotes:


* Designated additional member per Special Order No. 2587 dated 28 August 2018.

1 Under Rule 45 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure.

2Rollo, pp. 22-53. Penned by Presiding Justice Amparo M. Cabotaje-Tang, with Associate Justices Roland B. Jurado and Alexander G. Gesmundo (now a member of this Court) concurring.

3 Id. at 54-57.

4 Otherwise known as the "Local Government Code of 1991."

5 Sandiganbayan records, Volume I, pp. 1-2.

6 II L. Reyes, THE REVISED PENAL CODE 501 (19th ed. 2017).

7 TSN, 14 June 2012, pp. 13-20.

8 581 Phil. 419 (2008).

9 Id. at 427-428.

10 Otherwise known as the "Provincial Water Utilities Act of 1973."

11 278 Phil. 605 (1991).

12 Section 3(b). Appointing authority. The person empowered to appoint the members of the board of Directors of a local water district, depending upon the geographic coverage and population makeup of the particular district. In the event that more than seventy-five percent of the total active water service connections of a local water district are within the boundary of any city or municipality, the appointing authority shall be the mayor of that city or municipality, as the case may be; otherwise, the appointing authority shall be the governor of the province within which the district is located. If portions of more than one province are included within the boundary of the district, and the appointing authority is to be the governors then the power to appoint shall rotate between the governors involved with the initial appointments made by the governor in whose province the greatest number of service connections exists. (Emphasis supplied)



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  • G.R. No. 204759, November 14, 2018 - PEOPLE'S GENERAL INSURANCE CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. EDGARDO GUANSING AND EDUARDO LIZASO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 232357, November 28, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. EDWIN CABEZUDO Y RIEZA, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 206398, November 05, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JERRY JAMILA Y VIRAY, Accused-Appellants.

  • G.R. No. 227313, November 21, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOSEPH ESPERA Y BAN�ANO @ "JOJO, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 221647, November 27, 2018 - LOIDA S. VILLANUEVA, Petitioner, v. F/SINSP. ROLANDO T. REODIQUE, Respondent.; G.R. No. 222003, November 27, 2018 - OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN, Petitioner, v. F/SINSP. ROLANDO T. REODIQUE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 226143, November 21, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FERNANDO BALLES Y FOJAS, EMMA SULIT Y LACSAMANA, AND CARMELITA LIBAO Y REYES, Accused-Appellants.

  • A.M. No. MTJ-17-1897 [Formerly OCA IPI No. 16-2832-MTJ), November 21, 2018 - MA. VICTORIA S.D. CARPIO AND JOHN PERSIUS S.D. CARPIO Complainants, v. JUDGE ELENITA C. DIMAGUILA, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT IN CITIES OF ANTIPOLO CITY, RIZAL, BRANCH 4, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 224389, November 07, 2018 - HIGHPOINT DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 223785, November 07, 2018 - LAJAVE AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ENTERPRISES, INC., Petitioner, v. SPOUSES AGUSTIN JAVELLANA AND FLORENCE APILIS-JAVELLANA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 228641, November 05, 2018 - SPOUSES RODOLFO CRUZ AND LOTA SANTOS-CRUZ, Petitioners, v. HEIRS OF ALEJANDRO SO HIONG (DECEASED), SUBSTITUTED BY HIS HEIRS, GLORIA SO HIONG OLIVEROS, ALEJANDRO L. SO HIONG, JR., FLOCY SO HIONG VELARDE AND BEATRIZ DOMINGUEZ, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 192023, November 21, 2018 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. JERRY OCIER, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 218732, November 12, 2018 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS (DPWH), Petitioner, v. JOSE GAMIR-CONSUELO DIAZ HEIRS ASSOCIATION, INC., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 236075, November 05, 2018 - MARILYN L. GO RAMOS-YEO, LAURENCE L. GO AND MONTGOMERY L. GO, Petitioners, v. SPOUSES RICHARD O. CHUAAND POLLY S. CHUA, CENTURY TRADING INC., MULTI-REALTY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, ECI TRADING CORPORATION SUBSTITUTED BY SPOUSES RAFAEL G. HECHANOVA AND EUMELIA C. HECHANOVA, AND J. KING & SONS CO., INC., THE REGISTER OF DEEDS FOR TAGAYTAY CITY, THE CITY ENGINEER FOR TAGAYTAY CITY AND LANDS MANAGEMENT BUREAU, Respondents.; G.R. No. 236076, November 05, 2018 - MULTI-REALTY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. MARILYN L. GO RAMOS-YEO, LAURENCE L. GO AND MONTGOMERY L. GO, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT OF CAVITE, BRANCH 18, TAGAYTAY CITY, SPOUSES RICHARD O. CHUA AND POLLY S. CHUA, CENTURY TRADING INC., ECI TRADING CORPORATION SUBSTITUTED BY SPOUSES RAFAEL G. HECHANOVA AND EUMELIA C. HECHANOVA, AND J. KING & SONS CO., INC., Respondents.

  • A.M. No. CA-18-35-P [Formerly A.M. OCA IPI No. 17-260-CA-P], November 27, 2018 - COMPLAINT OF RICKY R. REGALA, AS ACTING CHIEF OF SECURITY, AGAINST SECURITY GUARD I ENRIQUE E. MANABAT, JR., BOTH OF THE COURT OF APPEALS

  • G.R. No. 217362, November 19, 2018 - HENRY DIONIO, Petitioner, v. TRANS-GLOBAL MARITIME AGENCY, INC., GOODWOOD SHIPMANAGEMENT PTE LTD., AND MICHAEL ESTANIEL, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 225010, November 21, 2018 - ELISEO SORIANO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 194388, November 07, 2018 - METROPOLITAN WATERWORKS SEWERAGE SYSTEM, Petitioner, v. THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF QUEZON CITY, CITY TREASURER OF QUEZON CITY, CITY ASSESSOR OF QUEZON CITY, SANGGUNIANG PANLUNGSOD NG QUEZON CITY, AND CITY MAYOR OF QUEZON CITY, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 229348, November 19, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ORLANDO TAGLE Y ROQUETA @ "ALLAN," Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 222737, November 12, 2018 - HEIRS OF JOSEFINA GABRIEL, Petitioners, v. SECUNDINA CEBRERO, CELSO LAVI�A, AND MANUEL C. CHUA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 196499, November 28, 2018 - INGRID V. HILARIO, Petitioner, v. THELMA V. MIRANDA AND IRENEA BELLOC, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 211425, November 19, 2018 - HEIRS OF TOMAS ARAO, REPRESENTED BY PROCESO ARAO, EULALIA ARAO-MAGGAY, GABRIEL ARAO AND FELIPA A. DELELIS, Petitioners, v. HEIRS OF PEDRO ECLIPSE, REPRESENTED BY BASILIO ECLIPSE; HEIRS OF EUFEMIA ECLIPSE�PAGULAYAN, REPRESENTED BY BASILIA P. CUARESMA; HEIRS OF HONORATO ECLIPSE, REPRESENTED BY VICENTE ECLIPSE, JUANITA E. AGAMATA AND JIMMY ECLIPSE; AND HEIRS OF MARIA ECLIPSE-DAYAG, REPRESENTED BY OSMUNDO E. DAYAG, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 204594, November 07, 2018 - SINDOPHIL, INC., Petitioner, v. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 212683, November 12, 2018 - JERSON E. TORTAL, Petitioner, v. CHIZURU TANIGUCHI, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 226587, November 21, 2018 - DONABELLE V. GONZALES�-SALDANA, Petitioner, v. SPOUSES GORDON R. NIAMATALI AND AMY V. NIAMATALI, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 227015, November 26, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FATIMA TUMANGONG Y DIAZ, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 208336, November 21, 2018 - VILLA CRISTA MONTE REALTY & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. EQUITABLE PCI BANK (NOW KNOWN AS BANCO DE ORO UNIBANK, INC.), AND THE EX-OFFICIO SHERIFF OF QUEZON CITY AND/OR HIS DEPUTY OR AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVES, Respondents.

  • A.M. No. MTJ-07-1677 (Formerly A.M. OCA IPI No. 06-1827-MTJ), November 21, 2018 - CIPRIANO G. PUYO, Complainant, v. JUDGE JAMES V. GO, PRESIDING JUDGE OF BRANCH 2, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT IN CITIES, BUTUAN CITY, AGUSAN DEL NORTE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 210791, November 19, 2018 - DAYLINDA ALBARRACIN,* Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE TRANSWORLD SHIPPING AND/OR UNIX LIN PTE LTD.** AND/OR ERLINDO M. SALVADOR, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 231925, November 19, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CCC, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 227098, November 14, 2018 - JULIUS Q. APELANIO, Petitioner, v. ARCANYS, INC. AND CEO ALAN DEBONNEVILLE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 211780, November 21, 2018 - CEZAR YATCO REAL ESTATE SERVICES, INC., GRD PROPERTY RESOURCES, INC., GAMALIEL PASCUAL, JR., MA. LOURDES LIMJAP PASCUAL, AND AURORA PIJUAN, Petitioners, v. BEL-AIR VILLAGE ASSOCIATION, INC., REPRESENTED BY ITS PRESIDENT ANTONIO GUERRERO, AND THE REGISTER OF DEEDS, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 215691, November 21, 2018 - SPOUSES FRANCIS N. CELONES AND FELICISIMA CELONES, Petitioners, v. METROPOLITAN BANK AND TRUST COMPANY AND ATTY. CRISOLITO O. DIONIDO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 230832, November 12, 2018 - ROYAL PLAINS VIEW, INC. AND/OR RENATO PADILLO, Petitioners, v. NESTOR C. MEJIA, Respondent.

  • GR. No. 234217, November 14, 2018 - JOHNNY GARCIA YAP @ "CHARLIE" A.K.A. JOHNNY YAP Y GARCIA@ "CHARLIE," Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 212192, November 21, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. METOKUR ABDULA Y MAMA @ "TOKAY," "MIKE," Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 234448, November 06, 2018 - PRIVATE HOSPITALS ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC. (PHAPI) REPRESENTED BY ITS PRESIDENT, DR. RUSTICO JIMENEZ, Petitioner, v. HON. SALVADOR MEDIALDEA, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, AND THE ACTING SECRETARY OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 217542, November 21, 2018 - CHRISTINE FERNANDEZ Y MEDINA, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 231008, November 05, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FEDERICO SE�ERES, JR. Y AJERO ALIAS JUNIOR/WALLY, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 227797, November 13, 2018 - FERDINAND V. SEVILLA, Petitioner, v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS AND RANIE B. GUPIT, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 233199, November 05, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ARIEL MANABAT CADENAS AND GAUDIOSO MARTIJE, Accused-Appellants.

  • G.R. No. 211206, November 07, 2018 - ROSEMARIE Q. REY, Petitioner, v. CESAR G. ANSON, Respondent.

  • A.M. No. P-15-3400 (Formerly OCA IPI No. 12-3896-P), November 06, 2018 - INVESTIGATING JUDGE JAIME E. CONTRERAS, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 25, NAGA CITY, Complainant, v. PATRICIA DE LEON, CLERK III, OFFICE OF THE CLERK OF COURT, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, NAGA CITY; EDGAR HUFANCIA, SHERIFF�, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 21, NAGA CITY; EDGAR SURTIDA IV,�� SHERIFF IV, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, BRANCH 25, NAGA CITY; AND PELAGIO J. PAPA, JR., SHERIFF�, OFFICE OF THE CLERK OF COURT, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, NAGA CITY, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 227865, November 07, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RODEL MAGBUHOS* Y DIOLA ALIAS "BODIL," Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 229272, November 19, 2018 - REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. GINA P. TECAG, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 229579, November 14, 2018 - BERNARDO B. PACIOS, MARILOU T. ABEDES, ALEXIS L. ELINON, ARMANDO V. ABEDES, GINA P. ARIATE, VIVENCIA N. BUELA, HERMENIGILDO E. CANSINO, ERNESTO DAVIS, ALFREDO G. DELMONTE, JR., ROBERTO F. ESBER, ADELAIDA S. GABRIEL, INES S. GENETIANO, ISMAEL M. IBO, JR., RONIE C. LEAL, JAIME S. MEJIA, MARCELINO P. PENOLIAR, CARLOS D. OLEDAN+, RODELIO A. OSINTA, VIRGILIO M. TORRES, ANTONIO A. VI�AS, JENNETTE C. VI�AS, ERIC P. ANDRES+, AND ARMANDO M. DE GUZMAN+, Petitioners, v. TAHANANG WALANG HAGDANAN AND SISTER VALERIANA BAERTS, ICM, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 204759, November 14, 2018 - PEOPLE'S GENERAL INSURANCE CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. EDGARDO GUANSING AND EDUARDO LIZASO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 232357, November 28, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. EDWIN CABEZUDO Y RIEZA, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 206398, November 05, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JERRY JAMILA Y VIRAY, Accused-Appellants.

  • G.R. No. 227313, November 21, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOSEPH ESPERA Y BAN�ANO @ "JOJO, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 221647, November 27, 2018 - LOIDA S. VILLANUEVA, Petitioner, v. F/SINSP. ROLANDO T. REODIQUE, Respondent.; G.R. No. 222003, November 27, 2018 - OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN, Petitioner, v. F/SINSP. ROLANDO T. REODIQUE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 226143, November 21, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FERNANDO BALLES Y FOJAS, EMMA SULIT Y LACSAMANA, AND CARMELITA LIBAO Y REYES, Accused-Appellants.

  • A.M. No. MTJ-17-1897 [Formerly OCA IPI No. 16-2832-MTJ), November 21, 2018 - MA. VICTORIA S.D. CARPIO AND JOHN PERSIUS S.D. CARPIO Complainants, v. JUDGE ELENITA C. DIMAGUILA, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURT IN CITIES OF ANTIPOLO CITY, RIZAL, BRANCH 4, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 232649, November 28, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MARIO BULUTANO Y ALVAREZ, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. Nos. 233443-44, November 28, 2018 - ALBERT G. AMBAGAN, JR., Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 228354, November 26, 2018 - CONCORDE CONDOMINIUM, INC., Petitioner, v. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, PNB-INTERNATIONAL FINANCE LIMITED, AND NEW PPI CORPORATION (FORMERLY PULP AND PAPER, INC.), Respondents.; G.R. No. 228359, November 26, 2018 - NEW PPI CORPORATION (FORMERLY PULP AND PAPER, INC.), Petitioner, v. CONCORDE CONDOMINIUM, INC., Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 187794, November 28, 2018 - PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON GOOD GOVERNMENT, Petitioner, v. OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN, JOSE G. CUAYCONG, SIMPLICIO CIOCON, LUIS HOFILE�A, JR., EVA YAPTINCHAY-LICHAUCO, LERRY PADLAN, THELMO SOLIVAN, ALFONSO CASAS, HORACIO YAPTINCHAY, COL. CESAR PIO DE RODA, G.S. LICAROS, ALICIA LL. REYES, JULIO V. MACUJA, LEONIDES S. VIRATA, RAFAEL A. SISON, PLACIDO MAPA, JR., JOSE TENGCO, JR., LEON O. TY, AND RUBEN ANCHETA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 234196, November 21, 2018 - JONATHAN MENDOZA Y ESGUERRA, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 233314, November 21, 2018 - LUNINGNING Z. BRAZIL, SALVACION L. GARCERA, AND RITA S. DE MESA, Petitioners, v. STI EDUCATION SER GROUP, INC. AND MONICO V. JACOB, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 234821, November 07, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. BOBBY PACNISEN Y BUMACAS, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 207976, November 14, 2018 - PLANTERS DEVELOPMENT BANK, Petitioner, v. LUBIYA AGRO INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 229762, November 28, 2018 - AAA, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 195919, November 21, 2018 - GENERAL MILLING CORPORATION, Petitioners, v. NORBERTO CONSTANTINO, MEMIE DAGUAY, EDITHA DAGANO, TRECILY MARFORI, GARRY BALASE, ISIDRO GARGAR, SANDY TAPULGO, NERIZA CORBITA, RICARDO MATUNOG, LEONARDO MAGBAGO, RAUL MAGBAGO, ANASTACIO URDANSA, VICTORINO UGSOD, TEOGENES MACULA, EMETERIO UDARBE, CARLITO DESLATE, ROLANDO JAVA, ANTONIO DURALIZA, NELSON CONSTANTINO, JERRY CALVA, JOHN CARMAN, ISIDORO VELASCO, LORELLA CABILING-ROXAS, MANUEL DAGUAY, QUINSITO BALASE, ROSARITA BAJAO, FORTUNATO BALASE, JR., ELIAM BALASE, EDUARDO ACTUB, CRISTINA BAJAO, FRANCISCO NICASIO, VICTOR PERATER, ANATALIA HALLASGO, ESTEBAN CABEGUIN, WILSON SUMANGO, VILMER HALLASGO, JOEL HALLASGO, NELMA FRONDA, MYRNA BONGHAW, HIYASMIN OLALO, GARYGAD BALASE, IRMA CALTRODES, CELSA LABOR, FELICIANO SABANAL, CECILIA FABREA, REYNALDO HABLADO, FERNANDO HABLADO, EDMUND GONZALES, OBET PINIERO, PATERNO PINIERO, RANNY DAGUAY, MARCOS SAMBAGAN, PABLEO TAPULGO, TEOGENES MACULA, CARLITO DESLATE, LAURA PEPE, DULZURA MAGBAGO, MARCIANA MADJOS, CIRILO RABANES, MAMERTO DUMAY, SR., GAUDIOSO BAJAR, ARMANDO DUMAY, TARSILA BALASE, SHEILA CARCEDO, ROGELIO TAPULGO, PRIMITIVO LUCIDO, MAMERTO DUMAY, JR., AND CONSOLACION BULAN, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 210528, November 28, 2018 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. J.P. MORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. � PHILIPPINE CUSTOMER CARE CENTER, Respondent.

  • G.R. Nos. 218709-10, November 14, 2018 - LIBERTY B. TIONGCO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 199851, November 07, 2018 - NOELL WHESSOE, INC., Petitioner, v. INDEPENDENT TESTING CONSULTANTS, INC., PETROTECH SYSTEMS, INC., AND LIQUIGAZ PHILIPPINES CORP., Respondents.

  • A.C. No. 12220 (formerly CBD Case No. 07-1970), November 13, 2018 - PSP DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION REPRESENTED BY REYNALDO JESUS B. PASCO, SR., Complainant, v. . ATTY. LUISITO C. ARMA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 228893, November 26, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOY MARCELO Y PAGUIO, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 217349, November 07, 2018 - MARIA FE CRUZ AQUINO Y VELASQUEZ a.k.a. MA. PRECIOSA CRUZ AQUINO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 235778, November 21, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. BENIE MON Y ABARIDES @ "BALENTO," Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 218428, November 07, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. SEGUNDO BRICERO Y FERNANDEZ, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 234808, November 19, 2018 - CRESCENCIO ARRIETA, Petitioner, v. MELANIA T. ARRIETA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 238842, November 19, 2018 - JON A. PASTOR, Petitioner, v. BIBBY SHIPPING PHILIPPINES, INC./ CREW LINK INC./CSS CRUISE SHIP SOLUTIONS LTD., AND/OR JONATHAN M. PALMA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 214472, November 28, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. NOVA DE LEON Y WEVES, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 212819, November 28, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MARLON CASCO Y VILLAMER, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 234818, November 05, 2018 - THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FELIX AQUINO, ACCUSED-APPELLANT, IRIS AQUINO (DECEASED), ELEANOR MACABBALUG (AT-LARGE), GENALYN NASOL (AT-LARGE), ARTURO DELGADO, JR. (AT-LARGE), PEARL MILITAR (AT-LARGE) AND CATHERINE ANNA DELA CRUZ (AT-LARGE), Accused.

  • G.R. No. 225786, November 14, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JULIET RIVERA Y OTOM AND JAYSON LACDAN Y PARTO, ACCUSED, JULIET RIVERA Y OTOM, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 222480, November 07, 2018 - AVON PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING, INC., Petitioner, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 218805, November 07, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ALVIN FATALLO Y ALECARTE A.K.A. "ALVIN PATALLO Y ALECARTE", Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 238617, November 14, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ALVIN BAMBICO Y CARVAJAL, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 227873, November 14, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Appellee, v. BERNARDO RENDON Y PASCUA @ "TATS," Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 239000, November 05, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JEROME EMAR SANCHEZ Y EDERA ALIAS "CHIN," Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 229326, November 05, 2018 - ROMINA N. BISMONTE, JENNIFER P. DACILLO, ERWIN C. FORMENTOS, JOHNNY M. NARZOLES, LANIE L. LATOMBO, ENRIQUE C. HERNANDEZ, NELSON G. BISMONTE, AND MICHAEL S. VILLANUEVA, Petitioners, v. GOLDEN SUNSET RESORT AND SPA AND RICARDO "RICKY" REYES, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 224558, November 28, 2018 - UNIVERSAL ROBINA SUGAR MILLING CORPORATION,* Petitioner, v. NAGKAHIUSANG MAMUMUO SA URSUMCO-NATIONAL FEDERATION OF LABOR (NAMA-URSUMCO-NFL), Respondent.

  • A.C. No. 9422, November 19, 2018 - ATTY. FLORANTE S. LEGASPI, Complainant, v. ATTY. EL CID C. FAJARDO, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 203403, November 14, 2018 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. COURT OF TAX APPEALS, THIRD DIVISION AND WINTELECOM, INC., Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 231843, November 07, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. NADER MUSOR Y ACMAD, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 237355, November 21, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ANGEL ANGELES Y ARIMBUYUTAN, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 234186, November 21, 2018 - UNION SCHOOL INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTED BY PASTOR ABRAHAM CHO [SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENT], JAIME NABUA [BOARD PRESIDENT], AND JENNIFER MANDAPAT [SCHOOL HEAD], Petitioners, v. CHARLEY JANE DAGDAG, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 229219, November 21, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RODERICK LAZARO Y FLORES, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 236304, November 05, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ARMAN SANTOS GUTIERREZ A.K.A. "ARMAN," Accused-Appellant.

  • A.C. No. 12041, November 05, 2018 - JULIAN T. BALBIN AND DOLORES E. BALBIN, Complainants, v. ATTY. MARIANO BARANDA, JR. Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 237116, November 12, 2018 - DAMACEN GABRIEL CUNANAN A.K.A. "RYAN," Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF PHILIPPINES, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 237714, November 12, 2018 - REPUBLIC OF PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. SCIENCE PARK OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC., HEREIN REPRESENTED BY ITS EXECUTIVE VICE-PRESIDENT AND GENERAL MANAGER, MR. RICHARD ALBERT I. OSMOND, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 219352, November 14, 2018 - FIDEL V. ANACTA, JR., Petitioner, v. SANDIGANBAYAN (FIFTH DIVISION) AND PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 238594, November 05, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOEY REYES Y LAGMAN, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 205680, November 21, 2018 - HEIRS OF CIRIACO BAYOG-ANG, NAMELY: CELERINO VALLE AND PRIMITIVO VALLE, Petitioners, v. FLORENCE QUINONES, JOINTLY WITH HER HUSBAND, JEREMIAS DONASCO, AS SUBSTITUTED BY THEIR SURVIVING CHILDREN, NAMELY: JEANY FLOR Q. DONASCO, ROYCE Q. DONASCO, AND WILMER Q. DONASCO, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 192006, November 14, 2018 - COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Petitioner, v. MINDANAO I GEOTHERMAL PARTNERSHIP, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 190800, November 07, 2018 - METROPOLITAN BANK & TRUST COMPANY, Petitioner, v. FORTUNA PAPER MILL & PACKAGING CORPORATION, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 218167, November 07, 2018 - HENRY R. ESPOSO, Petitioner, v. EPSILON MARITIME SERVICES, INC., W-MARINE INC. AND MR. ELPIDIO C. JAMORA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 208005, November 21, 2018 - RE: ADOPTION OF KAREN HERICO LICERIO. JOEL H. BORROMEO AND CARMEN H. BORROMEO, PETITIONERS.

  • G.R. Nos. 235412-15, November 05, 2018 - ELDRED PALADA TUMBOCON, Petitioner, v. HON. SANDIGANBAYAN SIXTH DIVISION AND THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondents.

  • A.M. No. RTJ-18-2538 (Formerly OCA IPI No. 17-4782-RTJ), November 21, 2018 - PHILIPPINE INVESTMENT TWO (SPV-AMC), INCORPORATED, REPRESENTED BY NICANOR M. COLLADO, Complainant, v. . HON. BERNABE B. MENDOZA, PRESIDING JUDGE, BRANCH 23, REGIONAL TRIAL COURT (RTC), ROXAS, ISABELA, Respondent.

  • G.R. No. 238906, November 05, 2018 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FEDERICO CUEVAS Y MARTINEZ, Accused-Appellant.

  • G.R. No. 198026, November 28, 2018 - NARCISO MELENDRES, SUBSTITUTED BY HIS WIFE, OFELIA MELENDRES AND CHILDREN JOSE MARI MELENDRES, AND NARCISO MELENDRES, JR., Petitioners, v. ALICIA CATAMBAY, LORENZA BENAVIDEZ, IN SUBSTITUTION OF HER HUSBAND EDMUNDO BENAVIDEZ, AND THE REGISTER OF DEEDS OF RIZAL (MORONG BRANCH), Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 215599, November 28, 2018 - HEIRS OF GEMINIANO FRANCISCO, AS REPRESENTED BY ORLANDO FRANCISCO; HEIRS OF MARCIANO FRANCISCO, HEREIN REPRESENTED BY VICENTE FRANCISCO; HEIRS OF ISIDORA DAGALEA, HEREIN REPRESENTED BY ERASMO F. DAGALEA; HEIRS OF PRESENTACION F. BRAGANZA, HEREIN REPRESENTED BY CIRIO F. BRAGANZA; IGMIDIO FRANCISCO, HEREIN REPRESENTED BY LUDGARDA F. LIMEN; DONATO FRANCISCO, HEREIN REPRESENTED BY RAQUEL GAZMIN; AND PERFECTA F. GARCIA, HEREIN REPRESENTED BY MARIA LUISA G. GASPAR, Petitioners, v. THE HON. COURT OF APPEALS SPECIAL FORMER TWENTY SECOND (22ND) DIVISION, WELLINGTON VELASCO, AND HIS ATTORNEY-IN-FACT DR. EMILIANO TORRALBA, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 218343, November 28, 2018 - JUN MIRANDA, Petitioner, v. SPS. ENGR. ERNESTO AND AIDA MALLARI AND SPS. DOMICIANO C. REYES AND CARMELITA PANGAN, Respondents.

  • G.R. No. 196058, November 12, 2018 - JAMES S. PFLEIDER, Petitioner, v. HON. COURT OF APPEALS � CEBU CITY, ATTY. MARIE LUISE PFLEIDER ALBA, AS SUBSTITUTED BY HER HEIRS, NAMELY: DAVID JOHN THADDEUS P. ALBA, FERDINAND REY P. ALBA AND JOHANNA A. BILBAO, AND THE FORMER REGISTER OF DEEDS OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, ATTY. MILAGROS S. DELA CRUZ, Respondents.