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THE 1987 CONSTITUTION
OF THE
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
 


ARTICLE XVI

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1. The flag of the Philippines shall be red, white, and blue, with a sun and three stars, as consecrated and honored by the people and recognized by law.

Section 2. The Congress may, by law, adopt a new name for the country, a national anthem, or a national seal, which shall all be truly reflective and symbolic of the ideals, history, and traditions of the people. Such law shall take effect only upon its ratification by the people in a national referendum.cralaw:red

Section 3. The State may not be sued without its consent.cralaw:red

Section 4. The Armed Forces of the Philippines shall be composed of a citizen armed force which shall undergo military training and serve as may be provided by law. It shall keep a regular force necessary for the security of the State.cralaw:red

Section 5. (1) All members of the armed forces shall take an oath or affirmation to uphold and defend this Constitution.cralaw:red

(2) The State shall strengthen the patriotic spirit and nationalist consciousness of the military, and respect for people's rights in the performance of their duty.cralaw:red

(3) Professionalism in the armed forces and adequate remuneration and benefits of its members shall be a prime concern of the State. The armed forces shall be insulated from partisan politics.cralaw:red

No member of the military shall engage, directly or indirectly, in any partisan political activity, except to vote.cralaw:red

(4) No member of the armed forces in the active service shall, at any time, be appointed or designated in any capacity to a civilian position in the Government, including government-owned or controlled corporations or any of their subsidiaries.cralaw:red

(5) Laws on retirement of military officers shall not allow extension of their service.cralaw:red

(6) The officers and men of the regular force of the armed forces shall be recruited proportionately from all provinces and cities as far as practicable.cralaw:red

(7) The tour of duty of the Chief of Staff of the armed forces shall not exceed three years. However, in times of war or other national emergency declared by the Congress, the President may extend such tour of duty.cralaw:red

Section 6. The State shall establish and maintain one police force, which shall be national in scope and civilian in character, to be administered and controlled by a national police commission. The authority of local executives over the police units in their jurisdiction shall be provided by law.cralaw:red

Section 7. The State shall provide immediate and adequate care, benefits, and other forms of assistance to war veterans and veterans of military campaigns, their surviving spouses and orphans. Funds shall be provided therefor and due consideration shall be given them in the disposition of agricultural lands of the public domain and, in appropriate cases, in the utilization of natural resources.cralaw:red

Section 8. The State shall, from time to time, review to increase the pensions and other benefits due to retirees of both the government and the private sectors.cralaw:red

Section 9. The State shall protect consumers from trade malpractices and from substandard or hazardous products.cralaw:red

Section 10. The State shall provide the policy environment for the full development of Filipino capability and the emergence of communication structures suitable to the needs and aspirations of the nation and the balanced flow of information into, out of, and across the country, in accordance with a policy that respects the freedom of speech and of the press.cralaw:red

Section 11. (1) The ownership and management of mass media shall be limited to citizens of the Philippines, or to corporations, cooperatives or associations, wholly-owned and managed by such citizens.cralaw:red

The Congress shall regulate or prohibit monopolies in commercial mass media when the public interest so requires. No combinations in restraint of trade or unfair competition therein shall be allowed.cralaw:red

(2) The advertising industry is impressed with public interest, and shall be regulated by law for the protection of consumers and the promotion of the general welfare.cralaw:red

Only Filipino citizens or corporations or associations at least seventy per centum of the capital of which is owned by such citizens shall be allowed to engage in the advertising industry.cralaw:red

The participation of foreign investors in the governing body of entities in such industry shall be limited to their proportionate share in the capital thereof, and all the executive and managing officers of such entities must be citizens of the Philippines.cralaw:red

Section 12. The Congress may create a consultative body to advise the President on policies affecting indigenous cultural communities, the majority of the members of which shall come from such communities.



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1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINES
 

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PREAMBLE 
ARTICLE I     National Territory  
ARTICLE II    Declaration of Principles and State Policies  
ARTICLE III   Bill of Rights  
ARTICLE IV   Citizenship  
ARTICLE V    Suffrage 
ARTICLE VI   Legislative Department  
ARTICLE VII   Executive Department  
ARTICLE VIII  Judicial Department   
ARTICLE IX    Constitutional Commissions  
 
A CommonProvisions  
B The Civil ServiceCommission  
C The Commissionon Elections  
D TheCommission on Audit  
 
ARTICLE X Local Government  chanroblesvirtualawlibrary

General Provisions   
AutonomousRegions  
 
ARTICLE XI  Accountability of Public Officers  
ARTICLE XII National Economy and Patrimony  
ARTICLE XIII  Social Justice and Human Rights  
 
Labor  
Agrarian and Natural Resources Reform  
Urban Land Reform and Housing  
Health  
Women  
Role and Rights of People's Organization  
Human Rights 
 
ARTICLE XIV  Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports  
Arts and Culture 
Language  
Science and Technology  
Sports  

ARTICLE XV    The Family  
ARTICLE XVI   General Provisions  
ARTICLE XVII  Amendments or Revisions  
ARTICLE XVIII Transitory Provisions  
ORDINANCE  
MEMBERS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION 

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