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Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2009 > September 2009 Decisions > G.R. No. 183142 - Rosita A. Montanez v. Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudicator (PARAD), et al. :




G.R. No. 183142 - Rosita A. Montanez v. Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudicator (PARAD), et al.

PHILIPPINE SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

THIRD DIVISION

[G.R. NO. 183142 : September 17, 2009]

ROSITA A. MONTANEZ, Petitioner, v. PROVINCIAL AGRARIAN REFORM ADJUDICATOR (PARAD), NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, GIL A. ALEGARIO, DEPARTMENT OF AGRARIAN REFORM (DAR), as represented by the MUNICIPAL AGRARIAN REFORM OFFICER (MARO) OF LA CASTELLANA, NEGROS OCCIDENTAL and PROVINCIAL AGRARIAN REFORM OFFICER OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, THE LANDBANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, MAURO T. ALFONSO, REMEGIO S. ALFONSO, MARIA AMAR, ANDREA T. AMBAHAN, ENRIQUE S. BARONG, JR., ENRIQUE B. BARONG, GEMMA CARREON, LORETO T. CARREON, SR., LORETO M. CARREON, JR., EDITHA CHAVEZ, SATURNINA A. CABRERA, PROMECIO M. LACHICA, ALLAN O. LACHICA, RAUL O. LACHICA, BUENA PARNICIO, CARLOS O. DE LOS REYES, ENRIQUE C. KANILOG, SR., ROMEO T. PARNICIO, ROSALINDA MURILLO, WILFREDO B. ORTEGA, FERNANDO M. PARDILLO, JR., JOCELYN SEMILLANO, ADELINA SAMSON, and CONCEPCION SEMILLANO, as represented by the LEGAL ASSISTANCE DIVISION, DAR, BACOLOD CITY, Respondents.

D E C I S I O N

VELASCO, JR., J.:

The Case

This Petition for Review under Rule 45 assails and seeks to set aside the Amended Decision1 dated April 18, 2008 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. CEB-SP No. 00229, entitled Rosita A. Montanez v. Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudicator (PARAD), Negros Occidental, Gil A. Alegario, Department Of Agrarian Reform (DAR), as represented by the Municipal Agrarian Reform Officer (MARO) of La Castellana, et al.

The Facts

Petitioner Rosita A. Montanez was the owner of two (2) parcels of land with an aggregate area of 35.5998 hectares, both located at La Castellana, Negros Occidental, the first denominated as Lot 750-A and registered under Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT) No. T-71582,2 with an area of 21.9586 hectares. The second, denominated as Lot 850-A, had an area of 13.6412 hectares and was then covered by TCT No. T-71583.3

In October 1999, the DAR caused the publication of a Notice of Land Coverage for Negros Occidental,4 which included the two parcels of land referred to above. The notice, however, erroneously identified one of the lots as covered by TCT No. T-71589, instead of by T-71583. Later, the DAR notified5 petitioner that her property, to the extent of 32.4257 hectares, has been placed under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) and offered to compensate her the amount of PhP 5,592,3001.60 based on the valuation of the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP), subject to price adjustment to conform to the actual area coverage. Albeit petitioner rejected the offer, it would appear that the LBP later issued in her favor a certification of deposit, in cash and in bonds, corresponding to the amount aforestated.6

On June 28, 2000, the DAR secured from the Negros Occidental Registry the cancellation of petitioner's TCT Nos. T-71583 and T-71582 and the issuance, in lieu thereof, of TCT Nos. T-2054817 and T-2054828 respectively, in the name of the Republic of the Philippines (Republic). On its face, TCT No. T-205481 identified the Republic and the petitioner as owners of 11.4654 hectares and 2.1758 hectares, respectively, of the registered land. In TCT No. 205482, the Republic and the petitioner are shown as owning 20.9603 and .9983 hectares, respectively.

Later on the same day, TCT No. CLOA (Certificate of Land Ownership Award) 84349 covering an area of 21.9586 hectares was issued, purportedly as a transfer from "TCT Nos. T-715831/T-205482." On the other hand, TCT No. CLOA-843510 for an area of 13.6412 hectares was issued, purportedly as a transfer from "TCT Nos. T-715832/T-205481." Evidently, such notations on the CLOAs were erroneous, the aggregate land area stated in the CLOAs being larger than what was reflected in the titles whence the CLOAs emanate. In any event, said CLOAs were registered in the name of, and delivered to, individual respondents as CARP beneficiaries.

Petitioner forthwith filed a Petition11 with the Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudication Board (PARAB) of Negros Occidental for the annulment/cancellation of TCT Nos. CLOA-8434, CLOA-8435, T-205481 and T-205482 on the ground of irregular and anomalous issuance thereof. The case was docketed as DARAB Case No. R-0605-1707-03.

By Decision12 dated October 18, 2004, Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudicator (PARAD) Gil Alegario gave the petition a short shrift, stating that petitioner based "her action [for annulment/cancellation] on purely technical grounds" referring to the discrepancy between the area coverage stated in the CLOAs and that stated in the TCTs. These grounds, according to the PARAD, are beyond the ambit of, and are not among those enumerated in DAR Administrative Order No. 2,13 Series of 1994, for the cancellation of CLOAs and emancipation patents (EPs). PARAD Alegario, however, stated the observation that the aberration is correctible administratively and that the DAR has effectively acknowledged the fact of discrepancy by inscribing at the back of the CLOAs the condition that the CARP award is subject to "segregation and reconveyance."

Therefrom, petitioner went straight to the CA via a petition for certiorari under Section 54 of Republic Act No. (RA) 6657,14 docketed as CA-G.R. CEB-SP No. 00229. Public respondents sought the dismissal of this recourse on the ground of non-exhaustion of administrative remedies. In the meantime, the CA, by Resolution15 of February 7, 2005, ordered the PARAD of Negros Occidental and other agrarian officers "to maintain a status quo including the non-enforcement of the PARAD decision in DARAB Case No. R-0605-1707-03 until further order from [the] Court."

On December 27, 2005, the CA, on the holding that the petitioner is entitled to the rectification of the technical error referred to above, but that the DAR is the proper office to effect the correction, rendered a decision, the dispositive portion of which states:

WHEREFORE, the petition for certiorari is hereby GRANTED.

The Decision dated October 18, 2004 issued by PARAD Gil A. Alegario in DARAB Case No. R-0605-1707-03 is hereby SET ASIDE.

The original petition is hereby referred to the Department of Agrarian Reform for correction of the technical description in TCT No. CLOA-8434 and TCT No. CLOA-8435, and to take such action as may be necessary and desirable to put into effect the directive herein.ςηαñrοblεš �νιr†υαl �lαω �lιbrαrÿ

SO OR DERED.16

To the CA, the DARAB and necessarily its provincial and regional adjudication boardscannot take cognizance of the case owing to the absence of tenancy relationship between the private parties. This jurisdictional determination notwithstanding, the CA still ruled that there was no violation of the exhaustion of administrative remedies doctrine.17

From the above decision, the DAR sought reconsideration while the petitioner interposed a partial motion for reconsideration.18 On April 18, 2008, the appellate court rendered the assailed Amended Decision, disposing as follows:

WHEREFORE, prescinding from all of the foregoing considerations, public respondent DAR's Motion for Reconsideration is hereby GRANTED, the Decision of this court dated 27 December 2005 is SET ASIDE and the present petition for certiorari is DISMISSED. Accordingly, the status quo order issued by this Court on 7 February 2005 is revoked and rendered without force and effect.

Petitioner's Partial Motion for Reconsideration is PARTIALLY GRANTED insofar as the issue of the jurisdiction of public respondent PARAD over petitioner's complaint is concerned which is also in consonance with public respondent DAR's contention. Her prayer for this Court to declare as null the subject CLOAs and the land titles issued pursuant thereto is, however, DENIED.

SO ORDERED.19

The amended decision, in essence, held: the underlying DARAB Case No. R-0605-1707-03 is cognizable by the PARAB whose decision is appealable to DARAB Proper. As a necessary consequence, petitioner breached the rules on exhaustion when she went directly to the CA to challenge PARAD Alegario's decision. The CA wrote:

x x x This Court's ruling in the challenged Decision is certainly erroneous pertaining to the pronouncement that since there was no tenancy relationship between petitioner and private respondents, public respondent PARAD had no jurisdiction over petitioner's complaint for annulment of CLOAs. Under the DARAB Rules of Procedure, it is expressly stated that cases involving the issuance, correction and cancellation of CLOAs are within the DARAB's jurisdiction. x x x

x x x

Proceeding to the second issue, WE believe that, at the outset, petitioner availed of the wrong remedy when she filed the instant petition for certiorari with this Court and it was a mistake that due course was given to it. Well-settled is the rule that "the proper remedy from a decision of the PARAD was an appeal to the DARAB." x x x

x x x

Verily, x x x petitioner's proper recourse of public respondent PARAD's decision should have been to file an appeal with the DARAB and not a petition for certiorari with this Court. "Prior resort to these administrative bodies will not only satisfy the rule on exhaustion of administrative remedies, but may likewise prove advantageous to the parties as the proceedings will be conducted by experts and will not be limited by the technical rules of procedure and evidence."

x x x

Therefore, the Court is, in the first place, not in the position to declare the CLOAs null and void owing to the incorrect remedy sought by petitioner. The procedural shortcut taken by her does not find basis in law and jurisprudence x x x. Furthermore, even assuming arguendo that the petition for certiorari is properly filed, to declare the CLOA's as null and void is still not within OUR province. "In a petition for certiorari, the jurisdiction of the appellate court is narrow in scope. It is limited to solving only errors of jurisdiction. It is not to stray at will and resolve questions or issues beyond its competence, such as an error of judgment which is defined as one in which the court or quasi-judicial body may commit in the exercise of its jurisdiction x x x."20

Hence, the instant petition predicated on twelve (12) main and five (5) subordinate grounds,21 not one of which touching on the matter of exhaustion of administrative remedies when the ratio of the CA's dismissal action in CA G.R. CEB-SP No. 00229 pivots on the issue of non-exhaustion. Before anything else, therefore, the issue to be addressed should be whether or not petitioner failed to observe the doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies and, if so, what is the effect of such failure?cralawred

Exhaustion of administrative remedies is a doctrine of long standing and the Court has set out clear guidelines on the matter. Paat v. Court of Appeals expounded on the doctrine, the recognized exceptions thereto, and the effect on non-compliance therewith in the following wise:

This Court in a long line of cases has consistently held that before a party is allowed to seek the intervention of the court, it is a pre-condition that he should have availed of all the means of administrative processes afforded him. Hence, if a remedy within the administrative machinery can still be resorted to by giving the administrative officer concerned every opportunity to decide on a matter that comes within his jurisdiction then such remedy should be exhausted first before court's judicial power can be sought. The premature invocation of court's intervention is fatal to one's cause of action. Accordingly, absent any finding of waiver or estoppel the case is susceptible of dismissal for lack of cause of action. This doctrine of exhaustion x x x was not without its practical and legal reasons, for one thing, availment of administrative remedy entails lesser expenses and provides for a speedier disposition of controversies. It is no less true to state that the courts of justice for reasons of comity and convenience will shy away from a dispute until the system of administrative redress has been completed and complied with so as to give the administrative agency concerned every opportunity to correct its error and to dispose of the case. However, x x x the principle of exhaustion of administrative remedies as tested by a battery of cases is not an ironclad rule. This doctrine is a relative one and its flexibility is called upon by the peculiarity and uniqueness of the factual and circumstantial settings of a case. Hence, it is disregarded (1) when there is a violation of due process, (2) when the issue involved is purely a legal question, (3) when the administrative action is patently illegal amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction, (4) when there is estoppel on the part of the administrative agency concerned, (5) when there is irreparable injury, (6) when the respondent is a department secretary whose acts as an alter ego of the President bears the implied and assumed approval of the latter, (7) when to require exhaustion of administrative remedies would be unreasonable, (8) when it would amount to a nullification of a claim, (9) when the subject matter is a private land in land case proceedings, (10) when the rule does not provide a plain, speedy and adequate remedy, and (11) when there are circumstances indicating the urgency of judicial intervention.22 (Emphasis in the original.)

Of the same tenor, sans an enumeration of the exceptions, is what the Court said in Asia International Auctioneers, Inc. v. Parayno,23 viz:

Petitioner's failure to ask the CIR for a reconsideration' is another reason why the instant case should be dismissed. It is settled that the premature invocation of the court's intervention is fatal to one's cause of action. If a remedy within the administrative machinery can still be resorted to by giving the administrative officer every opportunity to decide on a matter that comes within his jurisdiction, then such remedy must first be exhausted before the courts power of judicial review can be sought. The party with an administrative remedy must not only initiate the prescribed administrative procedure to obtain relief but also pursue it to its appropriate conclusion before seeking judicial intervention in order to give the administrative agency an opportunity to decide the matter itself correctly and prevent unnecessary and premature resort to the court.

Corollary to the exhaustion rule is the doctrine of primary jurisdiction, a basic postulate which precludes courts from resolving a controversy over which jurisdiction has initially been lodged with an administrative body of special competence.24

The Court's Ruling

Following the lessons of Paat and Asia International Auctioneers, Inc., the denial of the instant petition is clearly indicated. It bears to stress at the outset that, as aptly observed by the CA,25 there is no challenge from either of the parties to the jurisdiction of the PARAB or the provincial agrarian adjudicator to take cognizance of the basic petition of petitioner for annulment/cancellation of TCT Nos. CLOA-8434, CLOA-8435, T-205481 and T-205482. Just as well. For, the DARAB and its regional and provincial adjudication boards have jurisdiction to adjudicate all agrarian disputes and controversies or incidents involving the implementation of CARP under RA 6657 and other agrarian law and their implementing rules and regulations.26 Such jurisdiction of DARAB includes cases involving the issuance, correction, and cancellation of CLOAs and EPs which are registered with the Land Registration Authority.27

For the purpose of applying the rule on exhaustion, the remedies available to the petitioner are clearly set out in the DARAB 2003 Rules of Procedure, which took effect on January 17, 2004.28 Under Section 1.6, Rule II, the "adjudicator shall have primary and exclusive jurisdiction to determine and adjudicate x x x cases x x x involving the correction, x x x cancellation, secondary and subsequent issuances of [CLOAs] and [EPs] which are registered with the Land Registration Authority."29 According to the succeeding Section 230 in relation to Rule XIV,31 the proper remedy from an adverse final resolution, order, or resolution on the merits of the adjudicator is an appeal to the DARAB Proper which, among others, require the filing of a notice of appeal and payment of an appeal fee. And from the decision of the DARAB Proper, an appeal may be taken to the CA pursuant to Rule XV.32

Given the above perspective, the CA acted correctly and certainly within its sound discretion when it denied, in its amended decision, petitioner's petition for certiorari to nullify the PARAD's decision. Under the grievance procedure set forth in the DARAB Rules of Procedure, PARAD Alegario's decision was appealable to the DARAB Proper. The CA's appellate task comes later to review the case disposition of the DARAB Proper when properly challenged.

In this recourse, petitioner makes little of the clear provisions of the DARAB Rules on the right appellate forum and correct mode of appeal. As she argues, the filing of her petition for certiorari after the issuance of the PARAD Decision was but proper as the PARAD Decision was that of the DAR itself, hence may be elevated to the CA pursuant to Section 54 of RA 6657 which states:

SEC. 54. Certiorari. - Any decision, order, award or ruling of the DAR on any agrarian dispute or on any matter pertaining to the application, implementation, enforcement, or interpretation of this Act and other pertinent laws on agrarian reform may be brought to the Court of Appeals by certiorari except as otherwise provided in this Act within fifteen (15) days from receipt of a copy thereof.

The findings of fact of the DAR shall be final and conclusive if based on substantial evidence.

Petitioner is now assuming a contradictory posture. As a matter of record, her partial motion for reconsideration33 of the original CA decision recognized the applicability of the DARAB Rules of Procedure to the instant case. Now then, the DARAB Rules defines the jurisdiction of PARAD and prescribes the rules on appeals from the PARAD decision. In that partial motion, she stated:

While it is true that there is no tenancy relationship that was raised as an issue, the PARAD has the jurisdiction to hear, determine and adjudicate this case involving the cancellation and annulment of the subject CLOAs which were registered before the Register of Deeds of the Province of Negros Occidental.

The jurisdiction of the PARAD over the instant case is conferred by the DARAB New Rules of Procedures x x x.34

In a real sense, petitioner is estopped at this stage to downplay the applicability of the DARAB rules. She cannot be allowed to invoked the rules when convenient, and disregard the same when its application is adverse to her cause. Raising the PARAD's decision to the level of that of the DAR Secretary strikes us as a strained rationalization to lend tenability to an erroneous choice of a reviewing forum. While the DARAB, provincial and central, is the DAR's adjudicative arm,35 the respective jurisdictions of DAR and DARAB are distinct and separate. Nuesa v. Court of Appeals delineated the boundaries of their adjudicative competence in the field of land reform in the following manner:

As held by this Court in Centeno v. Centeno, "the DAR is vested with the primary jurisdiction to determine and adjudicate agrarian reform matters and shall have the exclusive jurisdiction over all matters involving the implementation of the agrarian reform program." The DARAB has primary, original and appellate jurisdiction "to determine and adjudicate all agrarian disputes, cases, controversies, and matters or incidents involving the implementation of the [CARP] under R.A. 6657, E.O. Nos. 229, 228 and 129-A, R.A. 3844 as amended by R.A. 6389, P.D. No. 27 and other agrarian laws and their implementing rules." (Citation omitted.)

While not determinative of the issue at hand, the decision of the DAR may initially be appealed to the Office of the President, while that of the DARAB Proper is appealable only to the court.

In its December 27, 2005 decision, the CA wrote:

In this case, an appeal to the DARAB would have been an exercise in futility for the petitioner and would only serve to add a bureaucratic layer to the case. The (public) respondents have revealed that petitioner had filed petitions for retention and inclusion of her farm workers as beneficiaries before the DAR. An Order dated September 2, 2003 was issued by the DAR Regional Director denying the petition for utter lack of merit and on the ground that the petitioner has no legal capacity to file, not being a party-in-interest. Her petitioner before the PARAD was also dismissed.36 (Emphasis ours.)

Petitioner's invocation of the foregoing CA pronouncement to justify her elevation of the PARAD decision to the appellate court instead of to the DARAB is misplaced. For one, the aforequoted holding is without any binding effect, having effectively been superseded by the issuance of the Amended Decision. And for another, only decisions of the Court have the force of precedents and form part of the legal system.37

There is no question then that petitioner, in seeking recourse with the CA from the decision of the PARAD, failed to exhaust administrative remedies. The eventual dismissal by the CA of her petition on that ground stands on legal ground. To recall what we said in Paat, "the premature invocation of court's intervention is fatal to one's cause. x x x The case is susceptible of dismissal for lack of cause of action."

It is true that the rule on exhaustion of administrative remedies admits of several exceptions. Not one, however, obtains under the premises. What comes close is the reason given originally by the CA and which petitioner made capital of that an appeal to the DARAB would be useless.

We are not persuaded. Other than its non-sequitur line that "petitioner had filed petitions for retention and inclusion of her farm workers as beneficiaries before the DAR" and that in an Order dated September 2, 2003, the "DAR Regional Director [has denied the petition] for utter lack of merit,"38 the CA had not explained with some measure of plausibility how it arrived at its conclusion on the futility of an appeal to the DARAB. Petitioner fares no better. Absent such explanation, the conclusion must be rejected as an arrant presumption. And it cannot be over-emphasized that the adverted Order of September 2, 20003 referred to in the CA's original decision denied petitioner's petitions for retention and inclusion, while, in the instant case, the main thrust of her petition is for the annulment of the CLOAs. There is, therefore, no logical basis for the conclusion that the DARAB, which counts the DAR Secretary as a member, would rule similarly in patently and completely different cases.

Bare misgivings about the ability of a quasi-judicial agency to render impartial justice would not, standing alone, be a sufficient reason to dispense with the exhaustion of administrative remedies doctrine. As it were, the doctrine ensures the efficient and speedy disposition of cases.ςηαñrοblεš �νιr†υαl �lαω �lιbrαrÿ

In all then, we find that petitioner had, without reason, let alone explanation, failed to exhaust administrative remedies provided by law. Such lapse, by weight of established jurisprudence, is fatal to her petition.

Due to petitioner's resort to an improper remedy, the filing of the petition before the CA did not toll the reglementary period for filing an appeal with the DARAB.39 As such, the decision of the PARAD should ordinarily be considered as final and executory. But the Court need not rub it in all the more by depriving petitioner of any remedy. The nature of the issues raised by petitioner before the PARAD' 'such as, but not limited to, the irregularity in the initial acquisition proceedings, the undue haste in the issuance of the TCT-CLOAs, and the consequent cloud that hangs over the CLOAs in question needs to be addressed. The PARAD no less admitted that the entries and annotations made in the CLOAs were erroneous and adverse to the interest of petitioner, who it seems has yet to receive just compensation for her two parcels of land. The inequity of barring petitioner from vindicating her right is rendered more acute in the face of the undisputed fact that the DAR has taken her property for CARP purposes ostensibly with their agents in the field not hewing strictly with the requirements of the law and whose negligence tainted the CLOAs thus issued. The purpose behind the passage of the CARP law would not be compromised should petitioner be allowed to pursue her case before the right forum. With this in mind, we remand the instant case to the DARAB for proper disposition of the issues raised by petitioner.

WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby DENIED. The CA's April 18, 2008 Amended Decision in CA-G.R. CEB-SP No. 00229 is AFFIRMED. The case is remanded to the DARAB for the disposition of the issues raised by petitioner.

Costs against petitioner.

SO ORDERED.

Endnotes:


1 Rollo, pp. 67-75. Penned by Associate Justice Priscilla Baltazar-Padilla (Chairperson) and concurred in by Associate Justices Franchito N. Diamante and Florito S. Macalino.

2 Id. at 123-126.

3 Id. at 116-122.

4 Id. at 127.

5 Id. at 128. Per Notice of Land Valuation and Acquisition dated March 31, 2000.

6 Id. at 54.

7 Id. at 133-137.

8 Id. at 129-132.

9 Id. at 138-141.

10 Id. at 142-147.

11 Id. at 109-115.

12 Id. at 99-108.

13 Entitled "Rules Governing the Correction and Cancellation of Registered/Unregistered Emancipation Patents (EPs), and Certificates of Land Ownership Award (CLOAs) Due to Unlawful Acts and Omissions or Breach of Obligations of Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries (ARBs) and for Other Causes."

14 The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, as amended.

15 Rollo, p. 196.

16 Id. at 56-57.

17 Id. at 54-55.

18 Id. at 58-65.

19 Id. at 74.

20 Id. at 72-74.

21 1. Whether or not a status quo order or TRO and preliminary injunction should be issued to prevent the following: 1) violations of the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, particularly Section 1 and 9; 2) violation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, and 3) violation of the New Civil Code of the Philippines, as well as, 4) to protect the rights and interest of the petitioner and her children over the subject land and the standing sugarcane crops thereon, and, 5) to prevent irreparable damages to the petitioner;

2. Whether or not the findings of the Court of Appeals in its Decision, dated December 27, 2005, that "the subject CLOAs cannot cover an area bigger and larger in size that the titles from which these emanate and to allow the erroneous designation to remain in the CLOAs would be condoning the taking of property without due process and without just compensation", still remain as conclusion of facts considering that said findings were not specifically reversed in the Decision dated April 18, 2008;

3. Whether or not the Decision, dated April 18, 2008, of the Court of Appeals, is in effect tantamount to condoning the taking of property of the petitioner without due process and without just compensation, in violation of the Constitutional mandate that no person shall be deprived of property without due process of law and that no private property shall be taken for public use without just compensation;

4. Whether or not the filing before the Court of Appeals of the petition for certiorari questioning the Decision, dated October 18, 2004 of the Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudicator, Gil A. Alegario, pertaining to the application, implementation, enforcement or interpretation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law is in accordance with Sec. 54, Chapter XIII of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law;

5. Whether or not the DAR had the authority and jurisdiction to commence the coverage and acquisition of the land of the petitioner on October 12, 1999, after the expiration of the ten year period provided for by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law;

6. Whether or not Republic Act No. 8532 which provides for funding for land acquisition for another ten years gave the DAR authority to commence coverage and acquisition of private agricultural lands after the expiration of ten-year period provided for by Republic Act No. 6657;

7. Whether or not the CLOAs which contain an area bigger and larger than the title from, which they emanate and were issued and registered without payment of just compensation nor summary administrative proceedings for just compensation, null and void;

8. Whether or not the improper identification of Lot No. 850-A in the Notice of Coverage dated October 12, 1999 which was published in a newspaper by the DAR, invalidates the coverage and acquisition by the DAR of Lot No. 850-A of the Petitioner and TCT No. CLOA-8435 and RP TCT No. T-205482 issued in lieu thereof, null and void;

9. Whether or not the coverage and acquisition of Lot No. 750-A and Lot No. 850-A by the DAR, after the expiration of the ten year period authorizing the DAR to acquire agricultural lands provided for by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, null and void, and whether the CLOAs and the RP titles issued and registered in lieu thereof, null and void;

10. That granting the DAR had jurisdiction to commence the coverage and acquisition of the land of the petitioner after the expiration of the period of authority of the DAR to acquire agricultural lands as provided for by Republic Act 6657 or CARP Law:

A. Whether or not the CLOAs and RP titles are null and void considering the following:

I. The DAR had no jurisdiction to issue the CLOAs ahead of the issuance and registration of the titles in the names of the Republic of the Philippines from where the CLOAs should emanate and before the summary administrative proceedings for just compensation in violation of Sec. 16 of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law;

II. The CLOAs cannot be bigger and larger in size than the titles from which these emanate;

III. The CLOAs were issued in violation of the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines since there was no due process and no just compensation;

IV. That since there was no actual survey made by the DAR, there was no segregation of the land that are not actually used for agricultural purposes such as the residential portions thereof and portions that are not CARPable such as those area planted to fruit tees and timbers;

V. There is no segregation of the retention area of five hectares awarded to the petitioner in Lot 750-A and Lot 850-A;

11. Whether or not the mortgage of CLOAs with the Landbank, null and void;

12. Whether or not the petitioner shall be entitled to damages under the New Civil Code of the Philippines.

22 G.R. No. 111107, January 10, 1997, 266 SCRA 167.

23 G.R. No. 163445, December 18, 2007, 540 SCRA 536, 552.

24 Bautista v. Mag-isa Vda. De Villena, G. R. No. 152564, September 13, 2004, 438 SCRA 259.

25 Rollo, p. 71.

26 Hermoso v. C.L. Realty Corporation, G.R. No. 140319, May 5, 2006, 489 SCRA 556.

27 Bautista, supra note 24.

28 LBP v. Martinez, G.R. No. 169008, August 14, 2007, 530 SCRA 158, 168.

29 An almost similar provision is found in the DARAB New Rules of Procedure adopted on May 30, 1994.

30 SECTION 2. Appellate Jurisdiction of the Board. The Board shall have exclusive appellate jurisdiction to review, reverse, modify, alter, or affirm resolutions, orders, and decisions of its Adjudicators.

No order of the Adjudicators on any issue, question, matter, or incident raised before them shall be elevated to the Board until the hearing shall have been terminated and the case decided on the merits.

31 SECTION 1. Appeal to the Board. An appeal may be taken to the Board from a resolution, decision or final order of the Adjudicator that completely disposes of the case x x x within a period of fifteen (15) days from receipt of the resolution/decision/final order appealed from or of the denial of the movant's motion for reconsideration in accordance with Section 12, Rule IX by:

1.1 filing a Notice of Appeal with the Adjudicator who rendered the decision or final order appealed from;

1.2 furnishing copies of said Notice of Appeal to all parties and the Board; andcralawlibrary

1.3 paying an appeal fee of x x x (PhP700.00) to the DAR Cashier where the Office of the Adjudicator is situated or through postal money order, payable to the DAR Cashier where the Office of the Adjudicator is situated x x x.

32 SECTION 1. Appeal to the Court of Appeals. Any decision, order, resolution, award or ruling of the Board on any agrarian dispute or any matter pertaining to the application, implementation, enforcement, interpretation of agrarian reform laws or rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, may be brought on appeal within fifteen (15) days from receipt of a copy thereof, to the Court of Appeals in accordance with the Rules of Court.

33 Rollo, pp. 58-65.

34 Id. at 60.

35 Hermoso, supra note 26.

36 Rollo, pp. 54-55.

37 Government Service Insurance System v. Cadiz, G.R. No. 154093, July 8, 2003, 405 SCRA 450, 456.

38 Rollo, p. 55.

39 Aguila v. Baldovizo, G.R. No. 163186, February 28, 2007, 517 SCRA 91, 98.




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September-2009 Jurisprudence                 

  • A.C. No. 6672 - Pedro L. Linsangan v. Atty. Nicodemes Tolentino

  • A.C. No. 5955 - John Christen S. Hegna v. Atty. Goering G.C. Paderanga

  • A.C. No. 7297 - Imdelda Bides-Ulaso v. Atty. Edita Noe-Lacsamana

  • A.C. No. 7435 - Rey C. Sarmiento, et al. v. Atty. Edelson G. Oliva

  • A.C. No. 7547 - Gregory U. chan v. NLRC Commissioner Romeo L. Go, et al.

  • A.C. No. 7910 - Wen Ming W. Chen a.k.a. Domingo Tan v. Atty. F.D. Nicolas B. Pichay

  • A.M. No. 01-1-04-SC-PHILJA - Re: Further clarifying and strengthening the organization strcture and administrative set-up of the Philippine Judicial Academy

  • A.M. No. 06-3-07-SC - Request for the approval of the revised qualification standard for the chief of MISO

  • A.M. No. 2009-04-SC - Complaint of Atty. Wilhelmina D. Geronga againts Mr. Ross C. Romero, driver, shuttle bus no. 5 for reckless driving

  • A.M. No. CTA-05-2 - Office of the Court Administrator v. Concepcion G. Espineda, etc.

  • A.M. No. MTJ-06-1623 Formerly OCA IPI No. 04-1635-MTJ, A.M. NO. MTJ-06-1624 Formerly OCA IPI No. 04-1636-MTJ, A.M. NO. MTJ-06-1625 Formerly OCA IPI No. 04-1630-MTJ, A.M. NO. MTJ-06-1627 Formerly OCA IPI No. 04-1661-MTJ, A.M. NO. P-09-2693 Formerly OCA IPI

  • A.M. No. P-05-2046 Formerly No. 05-6-159-MCTC - Office of the Court Administrator v. Clerk of Court Fe P. Ganzan, MCTC, Jasaan, Misamis Oriental

  • A.M. No. P-06-2264 Formerly OCA I.P.I Nos. 05-2136-P and 05-2137-P - Atty. Lelu P. Contreras v. Teresita O. Monge, Clerk IV, Rigional Trial Court - Office of the Clerk of Court, Iriga City

  • A.M. No. P-07-2332 Formerly OCA I.P.I No. 07-2511-P - Dr. Salome U. Jorge v. Carlos P. Diaz, Deputy Sheriff, RTC, Branch 20, Tacurong, Sultan Kudarat

  • A.M. No. P-08-2433 Formerly OCA IPI No. 07-2667-P - Judge Jenny Lind Aldecia-Delorino v. Marilyn De Castro Remigio-Versosa, Clerk III, Regional Trial Court, Branch 137, Makati City

  • A.M. No. P-08-2570 Formerly A.M. OCA IPI No. 07-2547-P - Leticia Sales v. Arnel Jose A. Rubio, Sheriff IV, RTC, OCC, Naga City

  • A.M. No. P-09-2685 OCA-IPI No. 08-2839-P - P/Supt. Rene Macaling Orbe v. Marcos U. Digandang, Process Server, Regional Trial Court, Branch 14, Cotabato City

  • A.M. No. RTJ-01-1650 Formerly OCA IPI No. 01-1195-RTJ - Margie Corpus Macias v. Mariano v. Mariano Joaquin S. Macias, Presiding Judge, Branh 28, Regional Trial Court, Liloy, Zamboanga del Norte

  • A.M. No. RTJ-07-2089 Formerly OCA I.P.I. No. 07-2659-RTJ and A.M. NO. RTJ-0921-99 Formerly OCA I.P.I. No. 07-2698-RTJ- Land Bank of the Philippines v. Judge Ernesto P. Pagayatan

  • G.R. No. 132826 - Rolando Saa v. Integrated Bar of the Philippines, Commissoion on Bar Discipline, Board of Governors, Pasig City and Atty. Freddie A. Venida

  • G.R. NOS. 140743 & 140745 and G.R. NOS. 141451-52 - City Government of Tagaytay v. Hon. Eleuterio F. Guerrero, etc. et al.

  • G.R. No. 146534 - Spouses Hu Chuan Hai and Leonica Lim Hu v. Spouses Renato Unico and Maria Aurora J. Unico

  • G.R. NOS. 147026-27 - Carolina R. Javier v. Sandiganbayan, et al.

  • G.R. No. 148444 - Associated Bank (now United Overseas Bank [Phils.]) v. Spouses Rafael and Monaliza Pronstroller/Spouses Eduardo and Ma. Pilar Vaca (Intervenors)

  • G.R. No. 149588 - Francisco R. Llamas, et al. v. The Honorable Court of Appeals, et al.

  • G.R. No. 150664 - Vicente Dacanay, in his capacity as administrator of the Testate Estate of Tereso D. Fernandez v. Hon. Raphael Prastora Sr., etc., et al.

  • G.R. No. 151969 - Valle Verde Country Club, Inc., et al. v. Victor Africa

  • G.R. No. 152101 - Emcor, Incorporated v. Ma. Lourdes D. Sienes

  • G.R. No. 152614 - Salvador A. Fernandez v. Cristina D. Amagna

  • G.R. No. 154720 - Juan Balbuena and Teodulfo Retuya v. Leona Aparicio Sabay, et al.

  • G.R. No. 156164 - Sps. Leonardo and Milagros Chua v. Hon. Jacinto G. Ang, et al.

  • G.R. No. 157901 - Orix Metro Leasing and Finance Corporation v. M/V "PILAR-I" and Spouses Ernesto Dy and Lourdes Dy

  • G.R. No. 157952 - Jowett K. Golango v. Jone B. Fung

  • G.R. No. 158630 and G.R. No. 162047 - Joyce Y. Lim, represented by her attorney-in-fact Bernardo M. Nicolas

  • G.R. No. 159116 - Sps. Nestor and Felicidad Dadizon v. Hon. Court of Appeals and Sps. Dominador and Elsa Mocorro

  • G.R. No. 159710 - Carmen A. Blas v. Spouses Eduardo and Salud Galapon

  • G.R. No. 161902 - Edgar Mercado v. People of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 162104 - R Transport Corporation v. Eduardo Pante

  • G.R. No. 163270 - Eduardo M. Tomada, Sr. v. RFM Corporation-Bakery Flour Division, et al.

  • G.R. No. 164104 - Philippine National Bank v. Gregorio B. Maraya, Jr. and Wenefrida Maraya

  • G.R. No. 164205 - Oldarico S. Trave o, et al. v. Bobongon Banana Growers Multi-Purpose Cooperative, et al.

  • G.R. No. 164435 - Victoria S. Jarillo v. People of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 164549 - Philippine National Bank v. Spouses Agustin and Pilar Rocamora

  • G.R. No. 164815 - Sr. Inspector Jerry Valeroso v. Court of Appeals and People of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 165141 - Peregina Mistica v. Republic of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 166516 - Emma Ver Reyes and Ramon Reyes v. The Register of Deeds of Cavite, et al.

  • G.R. No. 166857 - D.M. Wenceslao & Associates, inc. v. Freyssinet Philippines, Inc.

  • G.R. No. 167330 - Philippine Health Providers, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue

  • G.R. No. 167569, G.R. No. 167570 & G.R. No. 171946 - Carlos T. Go., Sr., v. Luis T. Ramos

  • G.R. No. 167955 Formerly G.R. No. 151275 - People of the Philippines v. Armando Padilla y Nicolas

  • G.R. No. 167995 - Julita V. Imuan, et al. v. Juanito Cereno, et al.

  • G.R. No. 168151 - Regional Container Lines (RCL) of Singapore and Shipping Agency v. The Netherlands Insurance Co. (Philippines) Inc.

  • G.R. No. 168446 Formerly G.R. NOS. 144174-75 - People of the Philippines v. Ernesto Cruz, Jr. y Concepcion, et al.

  • G.R. No. 168927 - Arsenio F. Quevedo, et al. v. Benguet Electric Cooperative Incorporated, et al.

  • G.R. No. 169228 - The Alexandra Condominium Corporation v. Laguna Lake Development Authority

  • G.R. No. 169364 - People of the Philippines v. Evangeline Siton y sacil, et al.

  • G.R. No. 169641 - People of the Philippines v. Richard O. Sarcia

  • G.R. No. 169889 - Spouses Simon Yap and Milagros Guevarra v. First e-Bank, Inc.

  • G.R. No. 169919 - B.D. Long Span Builders, Inc. v. R.S. Ampeloquio Realty Development Inc.

  • G.R. No. 169940 - Univeristy of Santo Tomas v. Samahang Manggagawa ng UST (SM-UST)

  • G.R. No. 170072 - Joaquin P. Obieta v. Edward Cheok

  • G.R. No. 170342 - Allan Dizon v. People of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 170482 - Manila Electric Company v. Aguida Vda. De Santiago

  • G.R. No. 171018 - People of the Philippines v. Elly Naelga

  • G.R. No. 171260 - Amparo Robles Cabreza v. Ceferino S. Cabreza Jr., et al.

  • G.R .No. 171491 - Dr. Castor C. De Jesus v. Rafel D. Guerrero III, Cesario R. Pagdilao and Fortuna B. Aquino

  • G.R. No. 171681 - Kei Marie and Bianca Angelica both surnamed Abrera, minors, represented by their parents Evelyn C. Abrera, et al. v. Hon. Romeo F. Barza, in his capacity as Presiding Judge of Regional Trial Court, Branch 61, Makati City and College Assu

  • G.R. No. 171984 - Bandila Maritime Services, Inc. and/or Tokomaru Kaiun Co., Ltd. v. Rolando Dubduban

  • G.R. No. 172217 - Spouses Lydia Flores-Cruz, et al. v. Spouses Leonardo and Iluminada Goli-Cruz, et al.

  • G.R. No. 172447 & G.R. No. 179404 - Iglesia Evangelisca Metodista En Las Islas Filipinas (IEMELIF), Inc. v. Nataniel B. Juane/Nataniel B. Juane v. Iglesia Evangelisca Metodista En Las Islas Filipinas (IEMELIF), Inc.

  • G.R. No. 174116 - Eastern Shipping Lines, Inc. v. Prudential Guarantee and Assurance, Inc.

  • G.R. No. 175064 - Province of Camarines Sur, represented by Governor Luis Raymund F. Villafuerte, Jr. v. Hon. Court of Appeals and City of Naga, represented by Mayor Jesse M. Robredo

  • G.R. No. 175172 - Cresencia Achevara, Alfredo Achevara and Benigno Valdez v. Elvira Ramos, John Arnel Ramos and Kristine Camille Ramos

  • G.R. No. 175528 - PO3 Benito Sombilon, Jr. v. People of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 175490 - Ileana Dr. Macalino v. Bank of the Philippines Islands

  • G.R. No. 176014 - Alice Vitangcol and Norberto Vitangcol v. New Vista Properties, Inc., et al.

  • G.R. No. 176040 - Casa Cebuana Incoporada, et al. v. Ireneo P. Leuterio

  • G.R. No. 176364 - Juanito R. Rimando v. Commission on Elections and Norma O. Magno

  • G.R. No. 176546 - Felicitas P. Ong v. The People of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 176700 - Romero Montederamos v. Tri-Union International Corporation

  • G.R. No. 177056 - The Office of the Solicitor General v. Ayala Land Incorporated, et al.

  • G.R. No. 177066 - Joselito Musni Puno (as heir of the late Carlos Puno) v. Puno Enterprises, Inc., represented by Jesusa Puno

  • G.R. No. 177456 - Bank of the Philippine Isalands v. Domingo R. Dando

  • G.R. No. 177531 - Civil Service Commission v. Fatima A. Macud

  • G.R. No. 177705 - Kimberly-Clark Philippines, Inc. v. Nora Dimayuga, et al.

  • G.R. No. 177753 - People of the Philippines v. Benjamin Ocampo

  • G.R. No. 177836 - Edwino A. Torres (deceased), represented and substitute by Alfonso P. Torres III, et al.

  • G.R. NOS. 177857-58, G.R. NO. 178193 and G.R. NO. 180705 - Philippine Coconut Producers Federation, Inc. (COCOFED), Manuel V. Del Rosario, Domingo P. Espina, et al. v. Republic of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 178034, G.R. No. 178117 and G.R. NOS. 186984-85 - Andrew Jame Mcburne v. Eulalio Ganzon, et al.

  • G.R. No. 178485 - People of the Philippines v. Mariano Sapigao, Jr.

  • G.R. No. 178529 - Equitable PCI Bank, Inc (now known as Banco De Oro-EPCI, Inc.) v. Heirs of Antonio C. Tiu, et al.

  • G.R. No. 178543 - People of the Philippines v. Aristo Villanueva

  • G.R. No. 178933 - Recardo S. Silverio, Jr. v. Court of Appeals and Nelia S. Silverio-Dee

  • G.R. No. 179103 and G.R. NO. 180209 - National Power Corporation v. Premier Shipping Lines, Inc.

  • G.R. No. 179213 - People of the Philippines v. Nicolas Gutierrez y Licunan

  • G.R. No. 179313 - Makil U. Pundaodaya v. Commission on Elections, et al.

  • G.R. No. 179319 - Eugene C. Firaza v. People of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 179475 - People of the Philippines v. Daniel Sibunga y Agtoca

  • G.R. No. 179502 - Progressive Trade & Service Enterprises v. Maria Milagrosa Antonio

  • G.R. No. 179583 - Jimmy L. Barnes a.k.a. James Barnes v. Teresita C. Reyes, et al.

  • G.R. No. 179799 - Zenaida R. Gregorio v. Court of Appeals, et al.

  • G.R. No. 179862 - Land Bank of the Philippines v. Heirs of Asuncion Anonuevo Vda. Santos, et al.

  • G.R. No. 179944 - People of the Philippines v. Antonio Ortiz, et al.

  • G.R. No. 179985 - Pdilon L. Martinez v. B&B Fish Broker and/or Norberto M. Lucinario

  • G.R. No. 180274 - Virgilio C. Crystal and Glynna F. Cystal v. Bank of the Philippines Islands

  • G.R. No. 180453 - Republic of the Philippines v. Dante C. Abril, represented by his Attorney-in-fact, Manuel C. Blaco, Jr.

  • G.R. No. 180478-79 - The Heritage Hotel of Manila v. National Labor Relations Commission, Rufino C. Ra on II, and Ismael C. Villa

  • G.R. No. 180508 - People of the Philippines v. Antonio v. Antonio Ramos y Viray

  • G.R. No. 180693 - Bonifacio Dolera y Tejada v. People of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 180863 - Angelita Valdez v. Republic of the Philippines

  • G.R. NOS. 180880-81 and G.R. NOS. 180896-97 - Keppel Cebu Shipyard, Inc. v. Pioneer Insurance and Surety Corporation

  • G.R. No. 180888 - Rolando Placido and Edgardo Caragay v. National Labor Relations Commission and Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company, Incorporated

  • G.R. No. 180992 - Elmer Diamante y Sioson, et al. v. People of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 181081 - People of the Philippines v. Roldan Arcosiba alias "Entoy"

  • G.R. No. 181300 - Malayan Insurance Co., Inc. v. Jardine Davies Transport Services, Inc. and Asian Terminals, Inc.

  • G.R. No. 181303 - Carmen Danao Malana, et al. v. Benigno Tappa, et al.

  • G.R. No. 181503 - Bio Quest Marketing Inc. and/or Jose L. Co v. Edmund Rey

  • G.R. No. 181613 - Rosalinda A. Penera v. Commission on Elections and Edgar T. Andanar

  • G.R. No. 181629 - People of the Philippines v. Elizardo Cabiles alias "SARDO"

  • G.R. NOS. 181999 & G.R. No. 182001-04 and G.R. NOS. 182020-24 - Ofelia Caunan v. People of the Philippines, et al.

  • G.R. No. 182185 - Joaquin Ga, Jr., et al. v. Spouses Antonio Tabungan, et al.

  • G.R. No. 182320 - Tacloban Far East Marketing Corporation, et al. v. The Court of Appeals, et al.

  • G.R. No. 183088 - People of the Philippines v. Donato Capco y Sabadlab

  • G.R. No. 183141 - Edgardo H. Catindig v. People of the Philippines, et al.

  • G.R. No. 183142 - Rosita A. Montanez v. Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudicator (PARAD), et al.

  • G.R. No. 183387 - Simeon M. Valdez v. Financiera Manila Inc.

  • G.R. No. 183457 - People of the Philippines v. Roel Arbalate, et al.

  • G.R. No. 183546 - Wilson A. Go v. Harry A. Go

  • G.R. No. 183646 - Great Southern Maritime Services Corp., et al. v. Leonila Surigao, et al.

  • G.R. No. 183656 - Gilbert Zalameda v. People of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 183802 - Alexander Tam Wong v. Catherine Factor-Koyoma

  • G.R. No. 183965 - Joanie Surposa Uy v. Jose Ngo Chua

  • G.R. No. 184037 - Antonio Lopez y Dela Cruz v. People of the Philippines

  • G.R. No. 184225 - Spouses Rogelio F. Lopez and Teotima G. Lopez v. Samuel R. Espinosa and Angelita S. Espinosa

  • G.R. No. 184252 - China Banking Corporation v. Sps. Wenceslao & Marcelina Martir

  • G.R. No. 184268 - Ernesto Batalla v. Commission on Elections and teodoro Bataller

  • G.R. No. 184285 - Rodolfo "Rudy" Canlas, et al. v. Iluminada Tubil

  • G.R. No. 184735 - Miriam B. Elleccion vda. De Lecciones v. National Labor Relations Commission, et al.

  • G.R. No. 184958 - People of the Philippines v. Anthony C. Domingo and Gerry Domingo

  • G.R. No. 185001 - Ronnie H. Lumayna, et al. v. Commission on Audit

  • G.R. No. 185203 - People of the Philippines v. Domingo Araojo

  • G.R. No. 186138 - People of the Philippines v. Loreto Daria y Cruz

  • G.R. No. 186497 - People of the Philippines v. Hasanaddin Guira y Bansil

  • G.R. No. 187043 - People of the Philippines v. Lorenzo Oliva y Rosela

  • G.R. No. 187156 - People of the Philippines v. Melody Gutierrez y Lauriada

  • G.R. No. 187503 - People of the Philippines v. Tecson Lim y Chua and Maximo Flores y Viterbo

  • G.R. No. 188456 - Harry L. Roque, et al. v. Commission on Election, et al.