January 2013 - Philippine Supreme Court Decisions/Resolutions
Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence
Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 2013 > January 2013 Decisions >
G.R. No. 180919 : January 09, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MELBA L. ESPIRITU, PRIMITIVA M. SERASPE, SIMPRESUETA M. SERASPE. A.K.A “AILEEN,” ACCUSSED, SIMPRESUETA M. SERASPE A.K.A. "AILEEN," ACCUSED-APPELLANT. :
G.R. No. 180919 : January 09, 2013 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MELBA L. ESPIRITU, PRIMITIVA M. SERASPE, SIMPRESUETA M. SERASPE. A.K.A "AILEEN," ACCUSSED, SIMPRESUETA M. SERASPE A.K.A. "AILEEN," ACCUSED-APPELLANT.
SECOND DIVISION
[G.R. No. 180919, January 09, 2013]
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MELBA L. ESPIRITU, PRIMITIVA M. SERASPE, SIMPRESUETA M. SERASPE. A.K.A "AILEEN," ACCUSSED,
SIMPRESUETA M. SERASPE A.K.A. "AILEEN," Accused-Appellant.
D E C I S I O N
DEL CASTILLO, J.:
Appelant Simpresueta M. Seraspe (appellant) assails the July 25, 2007 Decisions1ςrνl1
of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. CR-H.C. No. 02045 which affirmed her conviction for illegal sale of dangerous drugs by the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Las Piñas City, Branch 275 in Criminal Case No. 99-1127.2ςrνl1
Factual Antecedents
Appellant, together with her mother, Primitiva M. Seraspe (Seraspe), and Melba L. Espiritu (Espiritu) were charged with violation of Section 15, Article II of Republic Act (R.A.) No. 6425 (The Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972), as amended, in an Amended Information,3ςrνl1 the accusatory portion of which reads as follows:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
The three entered separate pleas of "not guilty" to the crime charged during their arraignment on December 1, 1999.5 Thereafter, trial ensued.cralawlibrary
Version of the Prosecution
The key witnesses presented by the prosecution were Police Chief Inspector Ricardo Dandan (P/Chief Insp. Dandan), a member of the now defunct Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Task Force (PAOCTF), and Criselda Manila, a.k.a., Carla (Carla), liaison officer of PAOCTF. � From their testimonies,6ςrνl1 the following facts emerge:
On May 15, 1999, P/Chief Insp. Dandan received a telephone call from a confidential informant who told him about the drug trafficking activities of Espiritu in Cainta and in the Cities of Las Piñas, Muntinlupa, Taguig and Parañaque. He immediately reported this information to Senior Police Superintendent Cesar Mancao, who, in turn, instructed him to create a police team to conduct an operation relative thereto. P/Chief Insp. Dandan thus formed Team Golf composed of SPO4 Bahadi (also referred to as SPO4 Bajade), SPO4 Tuanggang, SPO2 Roberto O. Agbalog, PO3 Osmundo B. Cariño (PO3 Cariño), SPO1 Leopoldo Platilla, SPO2 Laroga (also referred to as SPO2 Laruga), PO3 Olaya and Carla. Carla was to act as the poseur-buyer and PO3 Cariño as her husband.cralawlibrary
On the same day, Team Golf proceeded to SM Southmall in Las Piñas City and met the confidential informant. Thereafter Carla, PO3 Cariño and the civilian informant headed to Espiritu's house and presented themselves to Espiritu. After the introductions, negotiation for the sale of shabu followed. Carla ordered two kilos of shabu for a discounted price of P750,000.00. � Espiritu, in turn, took Carla's cellphone number and promised to call once the shabu becomes available.cralawlibrary
On May 27, 1999, Espiritu called Carla and asked the latter to wait. She again called two days later and arranged for a meeting at noon of the next day in SM Bacoor. Hence, on May 30, 1999, Carla proceeded to the agreed place while Espiritu arrived thereat together with appellant. Espiritu directed appellant to give a sample of the shabu to Carla inside the rest room so the latter could examine it. Appellant obliged. After they parted ways, Carla gave the sample to P/Chief Insp. Dandan, who readily knew that the same was shabu because of his familiarity with the drug.cralawlibrary
At around 7:00 p.m. of the same day, Espiritu again called Carla and told her that she already has two kilos of shabu but would deliver only one kilo. She would deliver the rest after receipt of the payment for the first. The two then agreed to meet in the food court of RFC Manuela (RFC Food Court), Las Piñas City for the delivery of the drugs.cralawlibrary
Upon learning this, P/Chief Insp. Dandan immediately gathered the buy- bust team, gave them instructions and prepared four marked 500 peso bills and boodle money. The team then repaired to the meeting place on June 1, 1999. At about 3:00 p.m., Carla and PO3 Cariño occupied one of the tables in the RFC Food Court while the rest of the team positioned themselves nearby. Espiritu and appellant arrived at around 5:00 p.m. After ascertaining from Carla if she brought the money, Espiritu ordered appellant to get the shabu. Appellant left and returned 30 minutes later with her mother, Seraspe, who was then carrying a bag. Appellant took the said bag and handed it to Espiritu, who, together with Carla, proceeded to the restroom to examine the contents thereof. When Carla emerged from the restroom, she made the pre-arranged signal by scratching her head. Whereupon, the buy-bust team arrested Espiritu, Seraspe and appellant. The marked money was recovered from Espiritu while the plastic bag containing the substance subject of the buy-bust operation was marked by PO3 Cariño with the Visayan word "tigulang." � Upon laboratory examination, the seized specimen weighing 983.5 grams was found positive for methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu.7ςrνl1
Version of the Defense
Espiritu, Seraspe and appellant claimed that they were merely induced by the PAOCTF operatives to sell the dangerous drug. Their testimonies8 revealed the following circumstances:
Espiritu first met Carla when the latter went to her house together with the civilian informant in the second week of April 1999. Carla wanted to talk to Espiritu's husband, who is a lawyer and a casino financier, in the hope of getting his help in purchasing shabu from his Chinese clients. When Espiritu told Carla that her husband does not want to get involved in that kind of business, Carla instead sought her help. Carla promised to pay P750,00.00 for a kilo of shabu. Fearing that her husband would get mad about it, Espiritu declined the offer.cralawlibrary
After a couple of days, Carla returned to Espiritu's house, this time with PO3 Cariño whom she introduced as her husband. Again, they sought her assistance in purchasing shabu and showed her an attach� case containing P1.5 million. Espiritu again declined. But as Carla and PO3 Cariño returned four more times with the same request and showing her the money each time, Espiritu finally told them that she would see what she can do. At that time, she was in need of money for the tuition fees of her grandchildren and the medicines of her son. Espiritu thus introduced Carla and PO3 Cariño to appellant, an employee of her husband in the casino.cralawlibrary
Appellant claimed that during her first meeting with Carla and PO3 Cariño, the two asked her to help them look for shabu and showed her money in an attach� case. She initially refused but changed her mind when the couple kept on returning to her place to convince her. Thinking that she would be able to pay her debts and provide for the needs of her children with the money being offered by Carla and PO3 Cariño, she acceded and told them that she would try to look for shabu.cralawlibrary
On May 30, 1999, appellant and Espiritu went to the house of a certain Aida Go (Aida) to get the shabu. Appellant then kept the shabu in her house as instructed by Espiritu. On June 1, 1999, she and Espiritu went to RFC Food Court to meet with Carla and PO3 Cariño. Appellant handed the shabu to Espiritu, who entered the restroom with Carla. However, when they came out, they were already surrounded by policemen and were arrested.cralawlibrary
Seraspe, for her part, claimed that she had no knowledge of the transaction as she just accompanied her daughter, appellant, to the RFC Food Court.cralawlibrary
Ruling of the Regional Trial Court
In its Decision9ςrνl1 of July 29, 2002, the trial court found that all the accused conspired to deliver and sell shabu.10ςrνl1 � And contrary to accused's claim that they were merely instigated by the authorities to commit the crime charged, it found that their arrest was the result of a valid entrapment operation.11ςrνl1 It thus disposed:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
Espiritu, Seraspe and appellant filed a Notice of Appeal,13ςrνl1 which was given due course by the trial court in an Order dated August 5, 2002.14ςrνl1 Pursuant thereto, the records of the case were elevated to this Court.cralawlibrary
However, on October 15, 2004, Espiritu filed a Manifestation with Motion to Withdraw Appeal15because she intends to apply for executive clemency in view of her old age and illness. The Court granted the motion in a Resolution16ςrνl1 dated December 1, 2004 and the case was declared closed and terminated with respect to her. An Entry of Judgment17ςrνl1 relative thereto was accordingly issued and entered in the Book of Entries of Judgment.cralawlibrary
In the Court's Resolution18ςrνl1 dated November 9, 2005, the case was transferred to the CA for appropriate action and disposition in view of the ruling in People v. Mateo19ςrνl1 allowing an intermediate review by the said court of cases where the penalty imposed is death, life imprisonment or reclusion perpetua, as in this case.cralawlibrary
Subsequently, Seraspe likewise filed a Manifestation with Motion to Withdraw Appeal20ςrνl1 since she also intends to apply for executive clemency in view of her old age. The CA granted the same in a Resolution21ςrνl1 dated August 7, 2006 and the case was likewise declared closed and terminated insofar as she was concerned. A Partial Entry of Judgment22ςrνl1 was likewise issued and entered in the Book of Entries of Judgment on even date.cralawlibrary
Thus, appellant was the only one left pursuing the appeal.cralawlibrary
Ruling of the Court of Appeals
In a Decision23ςrνl1 dated July 25, 2007, the CA upheld the RTC's finding of a valid entrapment24ςrνl1 and accorded respect and finality upon the trial court's assessment of the credibility of witnesses.25ςrνl1 � The dispositive portion of its Decision reads:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
Hence, this appeal.cralawlibrary
Assignment of Errors
The errors raised in the Accused-Appellant's Brief27ςrνl1 and Supplemental Brief28ςrνl1 are as follows:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
Our Ruling
The petition has no merit.cralawlibrary
The two essential elements of the crime
of illegal sale of dangerous drugs were
duly established by the prosecution;
appellant conspired with her co-accused
in the commission of the crime charged.
Appellant faults the trial court in convicting her of the crime of illegal sale of dangerous drugs.cralawlibrary
In the prosecution of illegal sale of dangerous drugs, the two essential elements are: "(1) the identity of the buyer and the seller, the object, and the consideration; and (2) the delivery of the thing sold and the payment therefor.”31ςrνl1 � Hence, evidence that establishes both elements by the required quantum of proof, i.e., guilt beyond reasonable doubt,32ςrνl1 must be presented. Here, the said elements were duly proved by the prosecution. Carla and P/Chief Insp. Dandan positively identified appellant and her co-accused as the sellers of the contraband who sold the same in exchange for the marked money. The item was seized, marked and upon examination was identified as shabu, a dangerous drug. � The same was subsequently presented in evidence. Moreover, Carla provided a detailed testimony as to the delivery and sale of shabu, viz:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
The Court has no reason to doubt the above testimony of Carla. Aside from the fundamental rule that findings of the trial court regarding the credibility of prosecution witnesses are accorded respect considering that it is the trial court that had the opportunity to observe their conduct and demeanor,34ςrνl1 the Court notes that appellant herself corroborated the prosecution's account of the crime, viz.:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
Moreover, appellant questions the lower courts' finding of conspiracy between her and her co-accused. � She claims that she merely accompanied Espiritu in going to the RFC Food Court and had nothing to do with the transaction. As a matter of fact, the shabu was not even found in or recovered from her possession. � It just so happened that she was in the area during the delivery of the drugs.cralawlibrary
The Court is not persuaded.cralawlibrary
There is conspiracy if two or more persons agree to commit a felony and decide to commit it.36ςrνl1 � "Conspiracy must be proven on the same quantum of evidence as the felony subject of the agreement of the parties. Conspiracy may be proved by direct or circumstantial evidence consisting of acts, words, or conduct of the alleged conspirators before, during and after the commission of the felony to achieve a common design or purpose.”37ςrνl1
The existence of conspiracy in this case was clearly established not only by the prosecution's evidence but also by appellant's very own testimony, viz:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
"An accepted badge of conspiracy is when the accused by their acts aimed at the same object, one performing one part and another performing another so as to complete it with a view to the attainment of the same object, and their acts though apparently independent were in fact concerted and cooperative, indicating closeness of personal association, concerted action and concurrence of sentiments.”39ςrνl1 � As can be gleaned from appellant's above-quoted testimony as well as from the testimony of Carla as to what transpired during the actual buy- bust operation, appellant acted in common concert with her co-accused in the illegal sale of shabu. She cannot therefore isolate her act of merely accompanying Espiritu to the RFC Food Court or carrying the shabu since in conspiracy the act of one is the act of all.40ςrνl1 � "To be a conspirator, one need not participate in every detail of the execution; he need not even take part in every act or need not even know the exact part to be performed by the others in the execution of the conspiracy.”41ςrνl1
Appellant's defense of instigation is unworthy of belief.
Appellant raises the defense of instigation to gain her acquittal. She argues that the government, through the PAOCTF operatives, induced her to commit the offense when they repeatedly approached and asked her to sell them shabu.cralawlibrary
The Court is unswayed.cralawlibrary
"Instigation means luring the accused into a crime that he, otherwise, had no intention to commit, in order to prosecute him.”42ςrνl1 � It differs from entrapment which is the employment of ways and means in order to trap or capture a criminal.43ςrνl1 In instigation, the criminal intent to commit an offense originates from the inducer and not from the accused who had no intention to commit and would not have committed it were it not for the prodding of the inducer.44ςrνl1 In entrapment, the criminal intent or design originates from the accused and the law enforcers merely facilitate the apprehension of the criminal by using ruses and schemes.45ςrνl1
Instigation results in the acquittal of the accused, while entrapment may lead to prosecution and conviction.46ςrνl1
Here, the evidence clearly established that the police operatives employed entrapment, not instigation, to capture appellant and her cohorts in the act of selling shabu. It must be recalled that it was only upon receipt of a report of the drug trafficking activities of Espiritu from the confidential informant that a buy- bust team was formed and negotiations for the sale of shabu were made. Also, appellant testified that she agreed to the transaction of her own free will when she saw the same as an opportunity to earn money. Notably too, appellant was able to quickly produce a sample. This confirms that she had a ready supply of the illegal drugs. Clearly, she was never forced, coerced or induced through incessant entreaties to source the prohibited drug for Carla and PO3 Cariño and this she even categorically admitted during her testimony.47ςrνl1
Moreover, a police officer's act of soliciting drugs from appellant during the buy-bust operation, or what is known as the "decoy solicitation," is not prohibited by law and does not invalidate the buy-bust operation.48ςrνl1 � In People v. Legaspi,49ςrνl1 this Court pronounced that in a prosecution for sale of illicit drugs, any of the following will not exculpate the accused: "(1) that facilities for the commission of the crime were intentionally placed in his way; or (2) that the criminal act was done at the solicitation of the decoy or poseur-buyer seeking to expose his criminal act; or (3) that the police authorities feigning complicity in the act were present and apparently assisted in its commission.”50ςrνl1 � Hence, even assuming that the PAOCTF operatives repeatedly asked her to sell them shabu, appellant's defense of instigation will not prosper. This is "especially true in that class of cases where the offense is the kind that is habitually committed, and the solicitation merely furnished evidence of a course of conduct. Mere deception by the police officer will not shield the perpetrator, if the offense was committed by him free from the influence or instigation of the police officer.”51ςrνl1
All told, we find no reason to disturb the findings of the trial court as affirmed by the appellate court, and thus sustain the conviction of appellant for illegal sale of dangerous drugs.cralawlibrary
The Penalty
Under Section 15, Article III, in relation to Section 20, Article IV, of the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, as amended by R.A. No. 7659, the unauthorized sale of 200 grams or more of shabu or methamphetamine hydrochloride is punishable by reclusion perpetua to death and a fine ranging from five hundred thousand pesos to ten million pesos.52ςrνl1
The total weight of the shabu confiscated in this case is 983.5 grams. Hence, the proper penalty should be reclusion perpetua to death. But since the penalty of reclusion perpetua to death consists of two indivisible penalties, appellant was correctly meted the lesser penalty of reclusion perpetua, conformably with Article 63(2) of the Revised Penal Code which provides that when there are no mitigating or aggravating circumstances in the commission of the deed, the lesser penalty shall be applied. Considering the quantity of shabu sold, we likewise find reasonable the fine of P500,000.00 imposed by the trial court.53ςrνl1
WHEREFORE, the assailed Decision dated July 25, 2007 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R.-H.C. No. 02045 is AFFIRMED.chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary
SO ORDERED.
Carpio, (Chairperson), Brion, Perez, and Perlas-Bernabe, JJ., concur.cralawlibrary
Factual Antecedents
Appellant, together with her mother, Primitiva M. Seraspe (Seraspe), and Melba L. Espiritu (Espiritu) were charged with violation of Section 15, Article II of Republic Act (R.A.) No. 6425 (The Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972), as amended, in an Amended Information,3ςrνl1 the accusatory portion of which reads as follows:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
That on or about June 1, 1999 in Las Piñas City and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, [the] above-named accused, conspiring, conniving, confederating, and helping one � another, did, then and there willfully, unlawfully, feloniously and knowingly sell, dispense, transport, deal in, administer, deliver, negotiate and distribute 983.5 grams of methamphetamine hydrochloride (shabu), a regulated drug, to Ms. Criselda Manila, who acted as poseur buyer, said accused, selling, dispensing, transporting, administering and distributing the aforementioned regulated drug without any license, permit or authority from the government to do so, in consideration of an amount of money which accused demanded and received from the poseur buyer.cralawlibrary
CONTRARY TO LAW.4ςrνl1
The three entered separate pleas of "not guilty" to the crime charged during their arraignment on December 1, 1999.5 Thereafter, trial ensued.cralawlibrary
Version of the Prosecution
The key witnesses presented by the prosecution were Police Chief Inspector Ricardo Dandan (P/Chief Insp. Dandan), a member of the now defunct Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Task Force (PAOCTF), and Criselda Manila, a.k.a., Carla (Carla), liaison officer of PAOCTF. � From their testimonies,6ςrνl1 the following facts emerge:
On May 15, 1999, P/Chief Insp. Dandan received a telephone call from a confidential informant who told him about the drug trafficking activities of Espiritu in Cainta and in the Cities of Las Piñas, Muntinlupa, Taguig and Parañaque. He immediately reported this information to Senior Police Superintendent Cesar Mancao, who, in turn, instructed him to create a police team to conduct an operation relative thereto. P/Chief Insp. Dandan thus formed Team Golf composed of SPO4 Bahadi (also referred to as SPO4 Bajade), SPO4 Tuanggang, SPO2 Roberto O. Agbalog, PO3 Osmundo B. Cariño (PO3 Cariño), SPO1 Leopoldo Platilla, SPO2 Laroga (also referred to as SPO2 Laruga), PO3 Olaya and Carla. Carla was to act as the poseur-buyer and PO3 Cariño as her husband.cralawlibrary
On the same day, Team Golf proceeded to SM Southmall in Las Piñas City and met the confidential informant. Thereafter Carla, PO3 Cariño and the civilian informant headed to Espiritu's house and presented themselves to Espiritu. After the introductions, negotiation for the sale of shabu followed. Carla ordered two kilos of shabu for a discounted price of P750,000.00. � Espiritu, in turn, took Carla's cellphone number and promised to call once the shabu becomes available.cralawlibrary
On May 27, 1999, Espiritu called Carla and asked the latter to wait. She again called two days later and arranged for a meeting at noon of the next day in SM Bacoor. Hence, on May 30, 1999, Carla proceeded to the agreed place while Espiritu arrived thereat together with appellant. Espiritu directed appellant to give a sample of the shabu to Carla inside the rest room so the latter could examine it. Appellant obliged. After they parted ways, Carla gave the sample to P/Chief Insp. Dandan, who readily knew that the same was shabu because of his familiarity with the drug.cralawlibrary
At around 7:00 p.m. of the same day, Espiritu again called Carla and told her that she already has two kilos of shabu but would deliver only one kilo. She would deliver the rest after receipt of the payment for the first. The two then agreed to meet in the food court of RFC Manuela (RFC Food Court), Las Piñas City for the delivery of the drugs.cralawlibrary
Upon learning this, P/Chief Insp. Dandan immediately gathered the buy- bust team, gave them instructions and prepared four marked 500 peso bills and boodle money. The team then repaired to the meeting place on June 1, 1999. At about 3:00 p.m., Carla and PO3 Cariño occupied one of the tables in the RFC Food Court while the rest of the team positioned themselves nearby. Espiritu and appellant arrived at around 5:00 p.m. After ascertaining from Carla if she brought the money, Espiritu ordered appellant to get the shabu. Appellant left and returned 30 minutes later with her mother, Seraspe, who was then carrying a bag. Appellant took the said bag and handed it to Espiritu, who, together with Carla, proceeded to the restroom to examine the contents thereof. When Carla emerged from the restroom, she made the pre-arranged signal by scratching her head. Whereupon, the buy-bust team arrested Espiritu, Seraspe and appellant. The marked money was recovered from Espiritu while the plastic bag containing the substance subject of the buy-bust operation was marked by PO3 Cariño with the Visayan word "tigulang." � Upon laboratory examination, the seized specimen weighing 983.5 grams was found positive for methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu.7ςrνl1
Version of the Defense
Espiritu, Seraspe and appellant claimed that they were merely induced by the PAOCTF operatives to sell the dangerous drug. Their testimonies8 revealed the following circumstances:
Espiritu first met Carla when the latter went to her house together with the civilian informant in the second week of April 1999. Carla wanted to talk to Espiritu's husband, who is a lawyer and a casino financier, in the hope of getting his help in purchasing shabu from his Chinese clients. When Espiritu told Carla that her husband does not want to get involved in that kind of business, Carla instead sought her help. Carla promised to pay P750,00.00 for a kilo of shabu. Fearing that her husband would get mad about it, Espiritu declined the offer.cralawlibrary
After a couple of days, Carla returned to Espiritu's house, this time with PO3 Cariño whom she introduced as her husband. Again, they sought her assistance in purchasing shabu and showed her an attach� case containing P1.5 million. Espiritu again declined. But as Carla and PO3 Cariño returned four more times with the same request and showing her the money each time, Espiritu finally told them that she would see what she can do. At that time, she was in need of money for the tuition fees of her grandchildren and the medicines of her son. Espiritu thus introduced Carla and PO3 Cariño to appellant, an employee of her husband in the casino.cralawlibrary
Appellant claimed that during her first meeting with Carla and PO3 Cariño, the two asked her to help them look for shabu and showed her money in an attach� case. She initially refused but changed her mind when the couple kept on returning to her place to convince her. Thinking that she would be able to pay her debts and provide for the needs of her children with the money being offered by Carla and PO3 Cariño, she acceded and told them that she would try to look for shabu.cralawlibrary
On May 30, 1999, appellant and Espiritu went to the house of a certain Aida Go (Aida) to get the shabu. Appellant then kept the shabu in her house as instructed by Espiritu. On June 1, 1999, she and Espiritu went to RFC Food Court to meet with Carla and PO3 Cariño. Appellant handed the shabu to Espiritu, who entered the restroom with Carla. However, when they came out, they were already surrounded by policemen and were arrested.cralawlibrary
Seraspe, for her part, claimed that she had no knowledge of the transaction as she just accompanied her daughter, appellant, to the RFC Food Court.cralawlibrary
Ruling of the Regional Trial Court
In its Decision9ςrνl1 of July 29, 2002, the trial court found that all the accused conspired to deliver and sell shabu.10ςrνl1 � And contrary to accused's claim that they were merely instigated by the authorities to commit the crime charged, it found that their arrest was the result of a valid entrapment operation.11ςrνl1 It thus disposed:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
WHEREFORE, judgment is hereby rendered finding accused MELBA L. ESPIRITU, PRIMITIVA M. SERASPE and SIMPRESUETA M. SERASPE guilty beyond reasonable doubt and sentenced to suffer each the penalty of Reclusion Perpetua and pay a fine of P500,000.00 and costs.cralawlibrary
SO ORDERED.12ςrνl1
Espiritu, Seraspe and appellant filed a Notice of Appeal,13ςrνl1 which was given due course by the trial court in an Order dated August 5, 2002.14ςrνl1 Pursuant thereto, the records of the case were elevated to this Court.cralawlibrary
However, on October 15, 2004, Espiritu filed a Manifestation with Motion to Withdraw Appeal15because she intends to apply for executive clemency in view of her old age and illness. The Court granted the motion in a Resolution16ςrνl1 dated December 1, 2004 and the case was declared closed and terminated with respect to her. An Entry of Judgment17ςrνl1 relative thereto was accordingly issued and entered in the Book of Entries of Judgment.cralawlibrary
In the Court's Resolution18ςrνl1 dated November 9, 2005, the case was transferred to the CA for appropriate action and disposition in view of the ruling in People v. Mateo19ςrνl1 allowing an intermediate review by the said court of cases where the penalty imposed is death, life imprisonment or reclusion perpetua, as in this case.cralawlibrary
Subsequently, Seraspe likewise filed a Manifestation with Motion to Withdraw Appeal20ςrνl1 since she also intends to apply for executive clemency in view of her old age. The CA granted the same in a Resolution21ςrνl1 dated August 7, 2006 and the case was likewise declared closed and terminated insofar as she was concerned. A Partial Entry of Judgment22ςrνl1 was likewise issued and entered in the Book of Entries of Judgment on even date.cralawlibrary
Thus, appellant was the only one left pursuing the appeal.cralawlibrary
Ruling of the Court of Appeals
In a Decision23ςrνl1 dated July 25, 2007, the CA upheld the RTC's finding of a valid entrapment24ςrνl1 and accorded respect and finality upon the trial court's assessment of the credibility of witnesses.25ςrνl1 � The dispositive portion of its Decision reads:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
WHEREFORE, the Decision appealed from is AFFIRMED.cralawlibrary
SO ORDERED.26ςrνl1
Hence, this appeal.cralawlibrary
Assignment of Errors
The errors raised in the Accused-Appellant's Brief27ςrνl1 and Supplemental Brief28ςrνl1 are as follows:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN CONVICTING THE ACCUSED- APPELLANT OF VIOLATION OF SECTION 15, ARTICLE II, IN RELATION TO SECTION 21, ARTICLE IV, AS AMENDED BY R.A. 7659, WHEN THE LATTER'S GUILT WAS NOT PROVEN BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT.29ςrνl1
THE COURT OF APPEALS GRAVELY ERRED IN CONVICTING THE ACCUSED-APPELLANT DESPITE THE LAME EVIDENCE OF THE PROSECUTION TO WARRANT A FINDING OF CONSPIRACY BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT.30ςrνl1
The petition has no merit.cralawlibrary
The two essential elements of the crime
of illegal sale of dangerous drugs were
duly established by the prosecution;
appellant conspired with her co-accused
in the commission of the crime charged.
Appellant faults the trial court in convicting her of the crime of illegal sale of dangerous drugs.cralawlibrary
In the prosecution of illegal sale of dangerous drugs, the two essential elements are: "(1) the identity of the buyer and the seller, the object, and the consideration; and (2) the delivery of the thing sold and the payment therefor.”31ςrνl1 � Hence, evidence that establishes both elements by the required quantum of proof, i.e., guilt beyond reasonable doubt,32ςrνl1 must be presented. Here, the said elements were duly proved by the prosecution. Carla and P/Chief Insp. Dandan positively identified appellant and her co-accused as the sellers of the contraband who sold the same in exchange for the marked money. The item was seized, marked and upon examination was identified as shabu, a dangerous drug. � The same was subsequently presented in evidence. Moreover, Carla provided a detailed testimony as to the delivery and sale of shabu, viz:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
What was your answer if any?
The Court has no reason to doubt the above testimony of Carla. Aside from the fundamental rule that findings of the trial court regarding the credibility of prosecution witnesses are accorded respect considering that it is the trial court that had the opportunity to observe their conduct and demeanor,34ςrνl1 the Court notes that appellant herself corroborated the prosecution's account of the crime, viz.:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
Moreover, appellant questions the lower courts' finding of conspiracy between her and her co-accused. � She claims that she merely accompanied Espiritu in going to the RFC Food Court and had nothing to do with the transaction. As a matter of fact, the shabu was not even found in or recovered from her possession. � It just so happened that she was in the area during the delivery of the drugs.cralawlibrary
The Court is not persuaded.cralawlibrary
There is conspiracy if two or more persons agree to commit a felony and decide to commit it.36ςrνl1 � "Conspiracy must be proven on the same quantum of evidence as the felony subject of the agreement of the parties. Conspiracy may be proved by direct or circumstantial evidence consisting of acts, words, or conduct of the alleged conspirators before, during and after the commission of the felony to achieve a common design or purpose.”37ςrνl1
The existence of conspiracy in this case was clearly established not only by the prosecution's evidence but also by appellant's very own testimony, viz:chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
I think it was [at] the end of May. End of May.
"An accepted badge of conspiracy is when the accused by their acts aimed at the same object, one performing one part and another performing another so as to complete it with a view to the attainment of the same object, and their acts though apparently independent were in fact concerted and cooperative, indicating closeness of personal association, concerted action and concurrence of sentiments.”39ςrνl1 � As can be gleaned from appellant's above-quoted testimony as well as from the testimony of Carla as to what transpired during the actual buy- bust operation, appellant acted in common concert with her co-accused in the illegal sale of shabu. She cannot therefore isolate her act of merely accompanying Espiritu to the RFC Food Court or carrying the shabu since in conspiracy the act of one is the act of all.40ςrνl1 � "To be a conspirator, one need not participate in every detail of the execution; he need not even take part in every act or need not even know the exact part to be performed by the others in the execution of the conspiracy.”41ςrνl1
Appellant's defense of instigation is unworthy of belief.
Appellant raises the defense of instigation to gain her acquittal. She argues that the government, through the PAOCTF operatives, induced her to commit the offense when they repeatedly approached and asked her to sell them shabu.cralawlibrary
The Court is unswayed.cralawlibrary
"Instigation means luring the accused into a crime that he, otherwise, had no intention to commit, in order to prosecute him.”42ςrνl1 � It differs from entrapment which is the employment of ways and means in order to trap or capture a criminal.43ςrνl1 In instigation, the criminal intent to commit an offense originates from the inducer and not from the accused who had no intention to commit and would not have committed it were it not for the prodding of the inducer.44ςrνl1 In entrapment, the criminal intent or design originates from the accused and the law enforcers merely facilitate the apprehension of the criminal by using ruses and schemes.45ςrνl1
Instigation results in the acquittal of the accused, while entrapment may lead to prosecution and conviction.46ςrνl1
Here, the evidence clearly established that the police operatives employed entrapment, not instigation, to capture appellant and her cohorts in the act of selling shabu. It must be recalled that it was only upon receipt of a report of the drug trafficking activities of Espiritu from the confidential informant that a buy- bust team was formed and negotiations for the sale of shabu were made. Also, appellant testified that she agreed to the transaction of her own free will when she saw the same as an opportunity to earn money. Notably too, appellant was able to quickly produce a sample. This confirms that she had a ready supply of the illegal drugs. Clearly, she was never forced, coerced or induced through incessant entreaties to source the prohibited drug for Carla and PO3 Cariño and this she even categorically admitted during her testimony.47ςrνl1
Moreover, a police officer's act of soliciting drugs from appellant during the buy-bust operation, or what is known as the "decoy solicitation," is not prohibited by law and does not invalidate the buy-bust operation.48ςrνl1 � In People v. Legaspi,49ςrνl1 this Court pronounced that in a prosecution for sale of illicit drugs, any of the following will not exculpate the accused: "(1) that facilities for the commission of the crime were intentionally placed in his way; or (2) that the criminal act was done at the solicitation of the decoy or poseur-buyer seeking to expose his criminal act; or (3) that the police authorities feigning complicity in the act were present and apparently assisted in its commission.”50ςrνl1 � Hence, even assuming that the PAOCTF operatives repeatedly asked her to sell them shabu, appellant's defense of instigation will not prosper. This is "especially true in that class of cases where the offense is the kind that is habitually committed, and the solicitation merely furnished evidence of a course of conduct. Mere deception by the police officer will not shield the perpetrator, if the offense was committed by him free from the influence or instigation of the police officer.”51ςrνl1
All told, we find no reason to disturb the findings of the trial court as affirmed by the appellate court, and thus sustain the conviction of appellant for illegal sale of dangerous drugs.cralawlibrary
The Penalty
Under Section 15, Article III, in relation to Section 20, Article IV, of the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, as amended by R.A. No. 7659, the unauthorized sale of 200 grams or more of shabu or methamphetamine hydrochloride is punishable by reclusion perpetua to death and a fine ranging from five hundred thousand pesos to ten million pesos.52ςrνl1
The total weight of the shabu confiscated in this case is 983.5 grams. Hence, the proper penalty should be reclusion perpetua to death. But since the penalty of reclusion perpetua to death consists of two indivisible penalties, appellant was correctly meted the lesser penalty of reclusion perpetua, conformably with Article 63(2) of the Revised Penal Code which provides that when there are no mitigating or aggravating circumstances in the commission of the deed, the lesser penalty shall be applied. Considering the quantity of shabu sold, we likewise find reasonable the fine of P500,000.00 imposed by the trial court.53ςrνl1
WHEREFORE, the assailed Decision dated July 25, 2007 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R.-H.C. No. 02045 is AFFIRMED.chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary
SO ORDERED.
Carpio, (Chairperson), Brion, Perez, and Perlas-Bernabe, JJ., concur.cralawlibrary
Endnotes:
1ςrνl1 CA rollo, pp. 147-159; penned by Associate Justice Marina L. Buzon and concurred in by Associate Justices Rosmari D. Carandang and Mariflor P. Punzalan Castillo.cralawlibrary
2ςrνl1 Id. At 92-101.cralawlibrary
3ςrνl1 Records, pp. 42-43.cralawlibrary
4ςrνl1 Id. Emphasis in the original.cralawlibrary
5ςrνl1 Id. at 45-46.cralawlibrary
6ςrνl1 TSN, May 17, 2000 and July 31, 2000 for Carla; TSN, August 23, 2000 and September 13, 2000 for P/Chief Insp. Dandan.cralawlibrary
7ςrνl1 Physical Science Report No. D-2615-99, Exhibit "K”, records, p. 313.cralawlibrary
8ςrνl1 TSN, June 29, 2001, July 6, 2001, July 25, 2001 and August 8, 2001 for Espiritu; TSN, September 24, 2001 for Seraspe; and TSN, October 1, 2001 for appellant.cralawlibrary
9ςrνl1 Records, pp. 457-466; penned by Judge Bonifacio Sanz Maceda.cralawlibrary
10ςrνl1 Id. at 464.cralawlibrary
11ςrνl1 Id. at 465.cralawlibrary
12ςrνl1 Id. at 466.cralawlibrary
13ςrνl1 Id. at 470.cralawlibrary
14ςrνl1 Id. at 473.cralawlibrary
15ςrνl1 CA rollo, pp. 50-51.cralawlibrary
16ςrνl1 Id. at 53.cralawlibrary
17ςrνl1 Id. at 58.cralawlibrary
18ςrνl1 Id. at 67-68.cralawlibrary
19ςrνl1 G.R. Nos. 147678-87, July 7, 2004, 433 SCRA 640.cralawlibrary
20ςrνl1 CA rollo, pp. 71-73.cralawlibrary
21ςrνl1 Id. at 139-140.cralawlibrary
22ςrνl1 Id. at 141.cralawlibrary
23ςrνl1 Id. at 147-159.cralawlibrary
24ςrνl1 Id. at 156-158.cralawlibrary
25ςrνl1 Id. at 158.cralawlibrary
26ςrνl1 Id. at 158-159.cralawlibrary
27ςrνl1 Id. at 78-91.cralawlibrary
28ςrνl1 Rollo, pp. 28-34.cralawlibrary
29ςrνl1 CA rollo, p. 80.cralawlibrary
30ςrνl1 Rollo, p. 28.cralawlibrary
31ςrνl1 People v. Legaspi, G.R. No. 173485, November 23, 2011, 661 SCRA 171, 185.cralawlibrary
32ςrνl1 Id.cralawlibrary
33ςrνl1 TSN, May 17, 2000, pp. 27-30.cralawlibrary
34ςrνl1 People v. Bautista, G.R. No. 191266, June 6, 2011, 650 SCRA 689, 700-701, citing People v. Gabrino, G.R. No. 189981, March 9, 2011, 645 SCRA 187, 193-195.cralawlibrary
35ςrνl1 TSN, October 1, 2001, p. 9.cralawlibrary
36ςrνl1 REVISED PENAL CODE, Article 8.cralawlibrary
37ςrνl1 Preferred Home Specialties, Inc. v. Court of Appeals (Seventh Div.), 514 Phil. 574, 601 (2005).cralawlibrary
38ςrνl1 TSN, October 1, 2001, pp. 13-15.cralawlibrary
39ςrνl1 People v. Serrano, G.R. No. 179038, May 6, 2010, 620 SCRA 327, 336-337, citing People v. Medina, 354 Phil. 447, 458 (1998).cralawlibrary
40ςrνl1 People v. Ebet, G.R. No. 181635, November 15, 2010, 634 SCRA 689, 706.cralawlibrary
41ςrνl1 Id.cralawlibrary
42ςrνl1 People v. Dansico, G.R. No. 178060, February 23, 2011, 644 SCRA 151, 160.cralawlibrary
43ςrνl1 Id.cralawlibrary
44ςrνl1 Id.cralawlibrary
45ςrνl1 Id. at 160-161.cralawlibrary
46ςrνl1 Id. at 161.cralawlibrary
47ςrνl1 TSN, October 1, 2001, p. 12.cralawlibrary
48ςrνl1 People v. Pagkalinawan, G.R. No. 184805, March 3, 2010, 614 SCRA 202, 214.cralawlibrary
49ςrνl1 G.R. No. 173485, November 23, 2011, 661 SCRA 171.cralawlibrary
50ςrνl1 Id. at 181.cralawlibrary
51ςrνl1 Id.cralawlibrary
52ςrνl1 Ching v. People, G.R. No. 177237, October 17, 2008, 569 SCRA 711, 736.
